Norwegian Oil Spill Preparedness
Dimensioning Norwegian Oil Spill Preparedness –
focusing on North Norway and the Barents Sea.
Johan Marius Ly
Head of Section, Norwegian Coastal Administration
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 11. – 13. October 2006
Outline of presentation
• Oil spill response organisation in
Norway
• Dimensioning of governmental oil
spill response
• Environmental risk based approach
• Numbers and locations of oil spill
response equipment, resources and
depots.
• Preparedness and cooperation
with Russia in the Barents sea
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Norway - facts & figures
• Geographical
features:
• North - South: 1752 km
• Coastline: 80 000 km
• Climatic variations form
arctic in the north to
coastal in the south.
• EEZ approx 2 mill. km2
• Petroleum industry:
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•
•
•
Production 3 mill. bbl./d
90 % is exported.
3nd largest exp.country
Beginning exploration
and production in the
Barents Sea.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Norwegian Coastal Administration
Authority under The Ministry for Fisheries
and Coastal Affaires.
•
•
•
•
Main tasks:
Piloting and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Navigational Aids
Construct, improve and maintain coastal
channels and fishing harbours, transportplanning activities
Acute pollution – at sea and onshore
•
•
•
•
Manage governmental oil spill response –
primarily spills from vessels
Co-ordinate the national contingency
Regulatory authority for industry oil spill
response operations
Authority based on The Pilot - , The
Harbour - and The Pollution Control Act
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Norwegian Contingency
Petroleum
Directorate
The Government
Pollution Contr.
Authority (SFT)
Maritime
Directorate
County
Governor
Experts on
environmental
impact
Min. of The Fisheries
Coast Guard
Civil Defence
Industrial
Contingency
Governmental
Contingency
(Norwegian Coastal Adm.)
Mapping
Authority
Municipal Contingency
Sea Rescue
Organisation
Private Contingency
Private
Contractors
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Governmental risk analysis
• Environmental risk based analysis for oil
spills from vessels
• For equipment and response time at depots and
on board oil recovery vessels
• Emergency offloading
• Equipment and location for cargo and bunker oil
emergency offloading (lightering) systems
• Emergency towing vessels
• Location and size (BP) for ETVs
• Today three vessels off North Norway
• Recommended also for other parts of Norway
• Environmental risk for chemical spills
• Currently not “high risk”, but will be followed by
an equipment dimensioning analysis.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Upgraded analysis for vessel spills
• Types of vessels in the analysis
• Tankers – crude oils and heavy fuel oils
• Product tankers
• All vessels that have a certain minimum
amount of bunker oil
• Reasons for spill
• Grounding, collision,
fire/explosion and
structural failure
• Areas covered
• Outer-, coastal- and
inner leads
• Tanker routes from North
Russia and The Baltics
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Environmental risk (summer)
Environmental risk
indicator:
Low
Medium
High
Location of
Stadt Scenario
Relatively low along the
whole of the coastline.
Some areas are highlighted:
-Part of West-Norway
-Oslofjord
Unless new risk
reducing factors are
implemented, the
environmental risk will
increase to 2015.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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2015 Stadt Scenario
• Collision of loaded oil tanker.
• 90 000 t of crude oil spilled in 7 days.
• Highest sensitivity
areas.
• ”Crossing of the
leads” > high risk
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Risk matrix – Stadt scenario
Category of environmental consequence
Frequency
1.
Less
2.
Moderate
3.
Considerable
4.
Serious
5.
Very serious
F5. Frequent
More than 1 pr year.
F4. Moderate frequent
May occur with 1 to 10
year intervals
F3. Little frequent
May occur with 10 to
100 year intervals
F2. Seldom
May occur with 100 to
1000 year intervals
X
F1. Very seldom
Less than 1 pr 1000
year
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Less – recovery time of less than 1 year.
Moderate – recovery time between 1 and 3 years.
Considerate – recovery time between 3 and 10 years.
Serious – recovery time of more than 10 years.
Very serious – recovery time of more than 20 years.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Identified risk reducing factors
• Limit for territorial waters to 12 Nm
• Electronic charts (vectorised)
• Electronic Chart Display and Information
System (ECDIS)
• Physical efforts in leads and fairways
• Automatic Identification System (AIS)
• Traffic separation
• Lighting and marking of leads
• Vessel traffic centres
• Towing vessels
• Use of pilots
• Increased port state control
• Area in North-Norway with PSSA status
• Unlimited economic responsibility
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Dimensioning of equipment
• A twofold approach based on risk analysis
• The need for equipment is set for each
dimensioning scenario
• The need for equipment is assessed as a whole
for each region.
• Focus only on need for equipment and
response time to meet the response
objectives.
• Several simulated iterations using Sintef
Oscar model.
• In general dimensioning criteria is a spill of
between 15000 and 20 000 tonnes.
• Not “worst case” scenario
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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The Oslofjord scenario
• A 126 400 DWT shuttle-tanker runs
aground at 0600 on July 22
• Three cargo- and bunker-tanks are
ruptured and the following is spilled:
• 15 000 m3 Balder crude oil (of 137 000 m3)
• 300 tons Bunker C (of 1500 tons)
After 6 hours
After 5 days – 0 response
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Comparison of simulations
No response
0
Simulation #1
with response
4800
Simulation #2
extended response
6800
Total amount of oil in the
littoral zone (tonnes)
11000
7200
5600
Amount of oil in highest
sensitive areas (tonnes)
9000
4000
3500
Amount of recovered and
dispersed oil (tonnes)
Amount of oil in tonnes
12000
Beached
Recovered
10000
Dispersed
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
No efforts
Phase 1
Phase 2
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Recommended level (region 1)
Oil spill response system
Response time
Hvaler scenario (hours)
10
18
22
36
4
5
6
11
20
36
168
6
18
30
168
168
168
6
48
Offshore system 1
Offshore system 2
Offshore system 3
Offshore system 4 and 5
Dispersants unit 1
Dispersants unit 2
Coastal system 1 and 2
Coastal system 3
Coastal system 4
Coastal system 5 and 6
Coastal system 7 – 15
Fjord system 1 – 3
Fjord system 4 – 6
Fjord system 7
Fjordsystem 8 – 45
Beachcleaning group 1 – 5
Beachcleaning group 6 – 26
Surveillance system
Emergency offloading
Response time other areas
within the region (hours)
15
27
33
48
6
6
9
17
30
48
168
9
27
45
168
96
168
6
48
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Response time map – region 1
A
B
New intermediate
depot
Horten
Kristiansand
The gap in response time is closed by the
established intermediate depot between
NCAs depots in Horten and Kr.sand
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Conclusions – dimensioning.
• Recommendations carried out:
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•
•
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Relocate one main depot
9 new intermediate depots
Purchase of new equipment (partly)
Focus on preventive measures, e.g. ETV
capacity and emergency off-loading.
• Enhanced training and exercises
• Recommendations pending budget:
• More new equipment
• Dispersants
• The dimensioning analysis is
currently under evaluation for an
update in 2007/ 2008.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Preparedness in the Barents Sea
Will this be the situation in the future?
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Barents Sea management plan
• Political white paper to the
parliament spring 2006.
• Oil and gas exploitation
into areas important both
for the fisheries and for
marine environment.
• Considers oil and gas,
shipping and fishing
activities and their possible
impacts on the marine
environment and its living
resources.
• Regulates the areas for e.g
oil exploration
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
Emergency Towing Preparedness
Emergency towing preparedness
mainly for tankers to/ from Russia
3 ETV in service 2006
A
B
2
1
3
ETV Vesssel ”Beta” connecting on
MT ”Belokamenka (300 000DWT).
Exercise off North Cape.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Continued cooperation with Russia
• Oil spill response - since 1990
• Annual meeting and exercise with
MBASU/State Marine Salvage & Pollution
• Barents 2006 – SAR and oil spill exercise
• Notification and assistance procedures
• MRCC Murmansk notifies Norw. Authorities
• VTMIS – Murmansk (Rus) and Vardø (Nor)
• Examples of joint projects
• Contingency plans, training and exercise
• Murmansk and Archangelsk
• Training and exercises for shoreline clean up
• Statoil - projects
• Laboratory in Murmansk for weathering studies
• Equipment technical assistance
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
In conclusion
• Continue the risk based upgrade of
Norwegian governmental
preparedness
• Keep focus on preventive measures to
reduce risk for oil spills
• Maintain the long and good oil spill
response relationship with Russia in
the Barents sea
• Identify possible new cooperation
projects
• Support efforts aimed at arctic spill
response, e.g. “Sintef - Joint Industry
Program”.
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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Thank you for your attention!
“working to keep our coast and waters among the safest and purest in the world”
Norwegian Coastal Administration - Department for Emergency Response
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