URBAN INSTITUTE Retirement Security Data Brief Program on Re
rement Policy Number 7, December 2012 Labor Force Statistics on Older Americans
Richard W. Johnson and Janice S. Park
The labor market continued to tread water in November 2012, according to household survey data released in
December by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Though the overall unemployment rate dipped, the
share of Americans ages 16 and older with jobs also declined. Employment outcomes did not change much for
adults ages 55 and older. Older workers continue to fare better than their younger counterparts, although older unemployed adults take longer to find work.
This brief provides monthly labor force statistics on older Americans, a growing segment of the workforce. Drawing on data from the BLS’s Current Population Survey, it shows labor force participation rates (the
share of the noninstitutionalized civilian population that is employed or looking for work), unemployment
rates (the share of the labor force that is on layoff or out of work but looking for work), employment-topopulation ratios (the share of the noninstitutionalized civilian population that is employed), and the share of
unemployed workers who have been out of work for more than six months. Outcomes are generally reported
for men and women ages 55 and older and 62 and older, with breakdowns at ages 62 to 64, 65 to 69, and 70
and older, and compared with those at younger ages. Because estimates often fluctuate widely from month to
month, results focus on only the two most recent months and earlier annual outcomes.
Men and Women
•
The labor force participation rate at ages 55 and older rose a tenth of a point last month to 40.7 percent. It has not changed much since 2009 but exceeds its 2007 level, when the Great Recession began. For Americans ages 16 and older, the participation rate edged down in November 2012 and remained well below its 2007 level. This overall decline resulted partly from population aging, as
many baby boomers retired from the labor force over the past five years. However, many prime-age
workers stopped looking for jobs and dropped out of the labor force because they could not find employment, as reflected in the 1.9 percentage point decline in participation rates since 2007 at ages 25
to 54.
•
The unemployment rate at ages 55 and older did not change in November 2012, remaining at 5.8
percent. The overall unemployment rate fell to 7.7 percent, the lowest rate since December 2008.
The unemployment rate also held steady at ages 62 and older, although this estimate is not seasonally adjusted. (BLS does not seasonally adjust labor force statistics for all age groups.)
•
The employment-to-population ratio is arguably the single most important labor force indicator,
showing the share of Americans who are working. The November 2012 ratio inched up—to 38.4
percent—for adults ages 55 and older. It remained higher last month than in 2007, reflecting strong
growth in labor force participation at older ages since the Great Recession began. The employmentto-population ratio fell a tenth of a point last month at ages 16 and older, and remained substantially below the 2007 average.
•
In November 2012, 55.3 percent of unemployed men and women ages 55 to 64 and 48.0 percent of
those ages 65 and older had been out of work for more than six months. The corresponding figure
for those ages 25 to 54 was 44.0 percent.
h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ URBAN INSTITUTE Men
•
The labor force participation rate for men ages 55 and older increased to 47.3 percent in November 2012. It has not changed much since 2009, but between 2000 and 2009 it increased rapidly.
Participation rates at ages 62 to 64 increased between 2007 and 2009, fell in 2010 and 2011, and
had been increasing in 2012 before falling last month. Participation rates for men ages 62 and
older were higher in November 2012 than in 2007, when the recession began. All educational
groups experienced this growth.
•
The unemployment rate for men ages 55 and older increased 0.1 point last month, to 6.2 percent,
well below the 2010 average of 7.7 percent. Unemployment has fluctuated over the past few
months for men ages 62 to 64, 65 to 69, and 70 and older, but all three age groups are averaging
lower unemployment so far this year than in 2011. Unemployment rates fell more sharply in 2011
for men ages 62 and older with no more than a high school diploma than for their counterparts
who attended college.
•
The employment-to-population ratio increased a tenth of a point between October 2012 and November 2012 for men ages 55 and older. It remained a bit higher than its 2007 average. For men
ages 62 to 64, it increased between 2007 and 2009, fell in 2010 and 2011, and had been increasing in 2012 before falling last month. The employment-to-population ratio for men ages 62 and
older increased steadily with education.
•
In November 2012, 56.4 percent of unemployed men ages 55 to 64 and 44.1 percent of those ages
65 and older had been out of work for more than six months.
Women
•
The labor force participation rate for women ages 55 and older dipped to 35.1 percent in November 2012. It has edged up since 2009, after increasing rapidly between 2000 and 2009. Participation rates at ages 62 to 64 increased between 2007 and 2010 but fell in 2011 and 2012. Participation rates for women ages 62 and older were higher in November 2012 than in 2007, when the
recession began. All educational groups experienced this growth.
•
The unemployment rate for women ages 55 and older fell 0.5 points last month, to 5.0 percent,
below the 2011 average of 6.2 percent. Unemployment fell in November 2012 for women ages 62
to 64, 65 to 69, and 70 and older. Unemployment rates fell more sharply in 2011 for women ages
62 and older with no more than a high school diploma than for their counterparts who attended
college.
•
The employment-to-population ratio for women ages 55 and older rose 0.1 point in November
2012, to 33.3 percent. It remains a bit higher than its 2007 average. For women ages 62 to 64, it
increased between 2007 and 2010, but fell in 2011 and 2012. The employment-to-population ratio for women ages 62 and older increased steadily with education.
•
In November 2012, 53.9 percent of unemployed women ages 55 to 64 and 53.3 percent of those
ages 65 and older had been out of work for more than six months.
h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 2 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Table of Contents
Men and Women
Figure 1: Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Age, Persons Ages 16 and Older (%) .....................................4
Figure 2: Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Persons Ages 16 and Older (%)...................................................... 5
Figure 3: Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Age, Persons Ages 16 and Older (%) .................................6
Figure 4: Unemployed Workers Out of Work for More Than Six Months by Age and Year (%) ................................. 7
Men
Figure 5: Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 16 and Older (%) .......................................... 8
Figure 6: Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) ..........................................9
Figure 7: Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Education, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) .............................. 10
Figure 8: Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 16 and Older (%) ......................................................... 11
Figure 9: Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 62 and Older (%)......................................................... 12
Figure 10: Unemployment Rates by Year and Education, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) ............................................ 13
Figure 11: Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Age, Men Ages 16 and Older (%) ................................... 14
Figure 12: Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Age, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) .................................. 15
Figure 13: Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Education, Men Ages 62 and Older (%)........................ 16
Figure 14: Unemployed Men Out of Work for More Than Six Months by Age and Year (%) .................................... 17
Women
Figure 15: Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 16 and Older (%) .................................. 18
Figure 16. Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) ................................. 19
Figure 17. Labor Force Participation Rates by Year and Education, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) ...................... 20
Figure 18. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 16 and Older (%) .................................................. 21
Figure 19. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) .................................................22
Figure 20. Unemployment Rates by Year and Education, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) ......................................23
Figure 21. Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Age, Women Ages 16 and Older (%) ............................ 24
Figure 22. Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Age, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) ............................25
Figure 23. Employment-to-Population Ratios by Year and Education, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) ................. 26
Figure 24. Unemployed Women Out of Work for More Than Six Months by Age and Year (%)............................... 27
3 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 1. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Age, Persons Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
25–54
55+
2000
67.1
2007
66.0
2009
65.4
2010
64.7
2011
64.1
Oct 2012
63.8
Nov 2012
63.6
2000
84.0
2007
83.0
2009
82.6
2010
82.2
2011
81.6
Oct 2012
81.6
Nov 2012
81.1
2000
32.4
2007
62+
38.6
2009
40.0
2010
40.2
2011
40.2
Oct 2012
40.6
Nov 2012
40.7
2000
17.2
2007
21.6
2009
23.3
2010
23.8
2011
24.2
Oct 2012
24.6
Nov 2012
24.6
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted, except for ages 62+. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 4 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 2. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Persons Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
4.0
2007
4.6
2009
9.3
2010
9.6
2011
8.9
Oct 2012
7.9
Nov 2012
25–54
7.7
2000
3.1
2007
3.7
2009
8.3
2010
8.6
2011
7.9
Oct 2012
6.9
Nov 2012
55+
2000
2007
6.7
2.6
3.1
2009
6.6
2010
7.0
2011
62+
6.6
Oct 2012
5.8
Nov 2012
5.8
2000
2007
3.0
3.1
2009
6.4
2010
6.7
2011
6.5
Oct 2012
5.6
Nov 2012
5.6
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted, expect for ages 62+. 5 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 3. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Age, Persons Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
64.4
2007
63.0
2009
59.3
2010
58.5
2011
58.4
Oct 2012
58.8
Nov 2012
58.7
25–54 2000
81.5
2007
79.9
2009
55+
62+
75.8
2010
75.1
2011
75.1
Oct 2012
76.0
Nov 2012
75.7
2000
31.5
2007
37.4
2009
37.3
2010
37.4
2011
37.6
Oct 2012
38.2
Nov 2012
38.4
2000
16.7
2007
20.9
2009
21.8
2010
22.2
2011
22.6
Oct 2012
23.2
Nov 2012
23.2
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted, except for ages 62+. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 6 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 4. Unemployed Workers Out of Work for More Than Six Months by Age and Year (%) 16+
2007
18.2
2009
31.7
2010
44.6
2011
44.0
Oct 2012
41.8
Nov 2012
41.3
0.0
25–54
2007
19.7
2009
33.1
2010
47.7
2011
46.9
Oct 2012
46.5
Nov 2012
44.0
0.0
55–64
2007
26.5
2009
39.6
2010
54.5
2011
56.0
Oct 2012
53.7
Nov 2012
55.3
0.0
65+
2007
2009
23.1
41.7
2010
53.9
2011
Oct 2012
Nov 2012
58.2
52.2
48.0
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 7 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 5. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
74.8
2007
73.2
2009
72.0
2010
25–54
71.2
2011
70.5
Oct 2012
70.3
Nov 2012
70.0
2000
91.6
2007
55+
90.9
2009
89.7
2010
89.3
2011
88.7
Oct 2012
88.7
Nov 2012
88.2
2000
40.1
2007
45.2
2009
46.3
2010
46.4
2011
46.3
Oct 2012
47.1
Nov 2012
47.3
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 8 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 6. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) 62+
2000
22.8
2007
62–64
26.7
2009
28.7
2010
29.1
2011
29.4
Oct 2012
30.4
Nov 2012
30.4
2000
47.0
2007
51.7
2009
55.1
2010
54.6
2011
53.2
Oct 2012
55.5
Nov 2012
65–69
53.9
2000
30.3
2007
34.3
2009
36.3
2010
36.5
2011
37.4
Oct 2012
35.8
Nov 2012
70+
2000
2007
37.4
12.0
14.0
2009
14.8
2010
14.7
2011
15.4
Oct 2012
17.0
Nov 2012
16.9
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 9 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 7. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Educa on, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) Not high
school
graduate
2000
14.4
2007
16.1
2009
16.3
2010
15.7
2011
High school
graduate
16.4
Sep 2012
16.9
Oct 2012
17.1
2000
21.3
2007
23.9
2009
24.5
2010
24.4
2011
24.2
Sep 2012
25.7
Oct 2012
Some
college
24.9
2000
25.7
2007
27.7
2009
30.9
2010
30.8
2011
30.5
Sep 2012
Four or
more years
of college
31.5
Oct 2012
32.2
2000
32.4
2007
37.3
2009
39.6
2010
40.8
2011
41.3
Sep 2012
41.5
Oct 2012
40.5
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 10 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 8. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
3.9
2007
4.7
2009
10.3
2010
10.5
2011
9.4
Oct 2012
8.0
Nov 2012
25–54
2000
7.9
2.9
2007
3.7
2009
9.2
2010
9.3
2011
8.2
Oct 2012
6.8
Nov 2012
55+
2000
2007
6.7
2.6
3.2
2009
7.0
2010
7.7
2011
Oct 2012
Nov 2012
7.0
6.1
6.2
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted. 11 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 9. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) 62+
2000
3.1
2007
3.3
2009
6.6
2010
7.3
2011
6.6
Oct 2012
5.5
Nov 2012
62–64
6.0
2000
2.7
2007
3.2
2009
6.6
2010
7.6
2011
6.7
Oct 2012
5.7
Nov 2012
65–69
6.5
2000
3.3
2007
3.5
2009
7.4
2010
8.2
2011
7.1
Oct 2012
5.3
Nov 2012
70+
5.6
2000
3.4
2007
3.3
2009
5.8
2010
5.6
2011
5.9
Oct 2012
5.6
Nov 2012
6.0
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 12 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 10. Unemployment Rates by Year and Educa on, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) 2000
Not high
school
graduate
4.6
2007
5.7
2009
9.6
2010
11.2
2011
9.0
Sep 2012
7.8
Oct 2012
High school
graduate
8.7
2000
3.4
2007
3.3
2009
7.6
2010
8.1
2011
6.9
Sep 2012
6.9
Oct 2012
Some
college
6.1
2000
3.1
2007
3.6
2009
7.7
2010
8.3
2011
7.8
Sep 2012
5.7
Oct 2012
Four or
more years
of college
2000
2007
6.0
2.1
2.4
2009
4.6
2010
5.4
2011
5.2
Sep 2012
Oct 2012
4.5
3.7
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 13 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 11. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Age, Men Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
71.9
2007
69.8
2009
25–54
64.5
2010
63.7
2011
63.9
Oct 2012
64.6
Nov 2012
64.5
2000
89.0
2007
55+
87.5
2009
81.5
2010
81.0
2011
81.4
Oct 2012
82.6
Nov 2012
82.3
2000
39.1
2007
43.7
2009
43.0
2010
42.8
2011
43.1
Oct 2012
44.2
Nov 2012
44.3
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 14 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 12. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Age, Men Ages 62 and Older (%) 62+
2000
22.1
2007
25.8
2009
26.8
2010
27.0
2011
62–64
27.5
Oct 2012
28.7
Nov 2012
28.6
2000
45.7
2007
50.1
2009
51.5
2010
50.5
2011
49.6
Oct 2012
52.4
Nov 2012
65–69
50.4
2000
29.3
2007
33.1
2009
33.6
2010
33.5
2011
34.8
Oct 2012
33.9
Nov 2012
70+
2000
35.3
11.6
2007
13.6
2009
13.9
2010
13.9
2011
14.5
Oct 2012
16.1
Nov 2012
15.9
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 15 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 13. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Educa on, Men Ages 62 and Older Not high
school
graduate
2000
13.7
2007
15.2
2009
14.7
2010
13.9
2011
14.9
Sep 2012
15.6
Oct 2012
15.6
High school 2000
graduate
2007
20.6
23.1
2009
22.6
2010
22.4
2011
22.5
Sep 2012
23.9
Oct 2012
Some
college
23.4
2000
24.9
2007
26.8
2009
28.6
2010
28.2
2011
28.1
Sep 2012
29.7
Oct 2012
Four or
more
years of
college
30.3
2000
31.7
2007
36.4
2009
37.8
2010
38.6
2011
39.2
Sep 2012
39.7
Oct 2012
39.0
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 16 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 14. Unemployed Men Out of Work for More Than Six Months by Age and Year (%) 16+
2007
18.2
2009
31.7
2010
44.6
2011
44.0
Oct 2012
43.3
Nov 2012
25–54
2007
42.6
19.7
2009
33.1
2010
47.7
2011
46.9
Oct 2012
49.0
Nov 2012
55–64
45.2
2007
26.5
2009
39.6
2010
54.5
2011
56.0
Oct 2012
53.6
Nov 2012
65+
2007
56.4
23.1
2009
41.7
2010
53.9
2011
58.2
Oct 2012
Nov 2012
48.6
44.1
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 17 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 15. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
25–54
55+
2000
59.9
2007
59.3
2009
59.2
2010
58.6
2011
58.1
Oct 2012
57.8
Nov 2012
57.6
2000
76.7
2007
75.4
2009
75.6
2010
75.2
2011
74.7
Oct 2012
74.7
Nov 2012
74.3
2000
26.1
2007
33.2
2009
34.7
2010
35.1
2011
35.1
Oct 2012
35.3
Nov 2012
35.1
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted, except for ages 55 and older. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 18 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 16. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) 62+
2000
13.0
2007
17.6
2009
19.0
2010
62–64
19.6
2011
20.0
Oct 2012
19.9
Nov 2012
19.8
2000
34.1
2007
41.8
2009
44.0
2010
45.3
2011
65–69
44.7
Oct 2012
43.8
Nov 2012
43.6
2000
19.5
2007
25.7
2009
70+
26.6
2010
27.0
2011
27.3
Oct 2012
27.9
Nov 2012
27.8
2000
2007
5.8
7.7
2009
8.3
2010
8.3
2011
8.4
Oct 2012
8.4
Nov 2012
8.3
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 19 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 17. Labor Force Par cipa on Rates by Year and Educa on, Women Ages 62 and Older Not high
school
graduate
2000
14.4
2007
16.1
2009
16.3
2010
15.7
2011
High school
graduate
16.4
Sep 2012
16.9
Oct 2012
17.1
2000
21.3
2007
23.9
2009
24.5
2010
24.4
2011
24.2
Sep 2012
25.7
Oct 2012
Some
college
24.9
2000
25.7
2007
27.7
2009
30.9
2010
30.8
2011
30.5
Sep 2012
Four or
more
years of
college
31.5
Oct 2012
32.2
2000
32.4
2007
37.3
2009
39.6
2010
40.8
2011
41.3
Sep 2012
41.5
Oct 2012
40.5
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Persons are considered to be in the labor force if they are working, on layoff, or looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 20 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 18. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
4.1
2007
4.5
2009
8.1
2010
8.6
2011
8.5
Oct 2012
7.7
Nov 2012
25–54
7.6
2000
3.3
2007
3.8
2009
7.2
2010
7.8
2011
7.6
Oct 2012
6.9
Nov 2012
55+
2000
2007
6.7
2.6
3.0
2009
6.0
2010
6.2
2011
6.2
Oct 2012
Nov 2012
5.5
5.0
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted, except for ages 55 and older. 21 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 19. Unemployment Rates by Year and Age, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) 62+
2000
2.8
2007
2.9
2009
6.0
2010
6.0
2011
6.3
Oct 2012
5.7
Nov 2012
62–64
5.1
2000
2.8
2007
2.8
2009
5.9
2010
5.7
2011
6.1
Oct 2012
5.3
Nov 2012
65–
69
4.1
2000
3.0
2007
3.1
2009
6.2
2010
6.7
2011
6.7
Oct 2012
5.6
Nov 2012
70+
5.4
2000
2.4
2007
3.1
2009
6.1
2010
5.5
2011
6.4
Oct 2012
6.6
Nov 2012
6.1
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 22 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 20. Unemployment Rates by Year and Educa on, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) 2000
Not high
school
graduate
4.6
2007
5.7
2009
9.6
2010
11.2
2011
9.0
Sep 2012
7.8
Oct 2012
High school
graduate
8.7
2000
3.4
2007
3.3
2009
7.6
2010
8.1
2011
6.9
Sep 2012
6.9
Oct 2012
Some
college
6.1
2000
3.1
2007
3.6
2009
7.7
2010
8.3
2011
7.8
Sep 2012
5.7
Oct 2012
Four or
more
years of
college
2000
2007
6.0
2.1
2.4
2009
4.6
2010
5.4
2011
5.2
Sep 2012
Oct 2012
4.5
3.7
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is on layoff or not working but looking for work. Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 23 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 21. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Age, Women Ages 16 and Older (%) 16+
2000
57.5
2007
56.6
2009
25–54
54.4
2010
53.6
2011
53.2
Oct 2012
53.3
Nov 2012
53.3
2000
74.2
2007
72.5
2009
55+
70.2
2010
69.3
2011
69.0
Oct 2012
69.6
Nov 2012
69.4
2000
25.5
2007
32.2
2009
32.6
2010
32.9
2011
32.9
Oct 2012
33.2
Nov 2012
33.3
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are seasonally adjusted., except for ages 55 and older. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 24 Labor Force StaƟsƟcs on Older Americans
Figure 22. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Age, Women Ages 62 and Older (%) 62+
2000
12.7
2007
17.1
2009
62–64
17.8
2010
18.4
2011
18.7
Oct 2012
18.7
Nov 2012
18.8
2000
33.2
2007
40.7
2009
41.4
2010
42.8
2011
65– 69
70+
42.0
Oct 2012
41.5
Nov 2012
41.8
2000
18.9
2007
24.9
2009
25.0
2010
25.2
2011
25.5
Oct 2012
26.3
Nov 2012
26.3
2000
2007
5.6
7.4
2009
7.8
2010
7.9
2011
7.8
Oct 2012
7.8
Nov 2012
7.8
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. 25 Program on Re rement Policy URBAN INSTITUTE Figure 23. Employment‐to‐Popula on Ra os by Year and Educa on, Women Ages 62 and Not high
school
graduate
2000
13.7
2007
15.2
2009
14.7
2010
13.9
2011
14.9
Sep 2012
15.6
Oct 2012
15.6
High school
graduate
2000
20.6
2007
23.1
2009
22.6
2010
22.4
2011
22.5
Sep 2012
23.9
Oct 2012
Some
college
23.4
2000
24.9
2007
26.8
2009
28.6
2010
28.2
2011
28.1
Sep 2012
29.7
Oct 2012
Four or
more
years of
college
30.3
2000
31.7
2007
36.4
2009
37.8
2010
38.6
2011
39.2
Sep 2012
39.7
Oct 2012
39.0
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. h p://www.re rementpolicy.org/ 26 URBAN INSTITUTE h p://www.urban.org/ Figure 24. Unemployed Women Out of Work for More Than Six Months by Age and Year (%) 16+
2007
16.8
2009
31.2
2010
41.5
2011
43.3
Sep 2012
40.1
Oct 2012
25–54
39.7
2007
20.0
2009
33.8
2010
45.4
2011
47.0
Sep 2012
43.9
Oct 2012
55–64
42.7
2007
21.1
2009
38.6
2010
53.8
2011
65+
54.7
Sep 2012
53.8
Oct 2012
53.9
2007
11.5
2009
37.8
2010
48.8
2011
49.1
Sep 2012
Oct 2012
56.4
53.3
Source: Urban Ins tute Program on Re rement Policy es mates from Bureau of Labor Sta s cs data. Notes: Annual data are monthly averages for the year. Monthly es mates are not seasonally adjusted. Copyright © November 2012. The Urban Institute. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Urban Institute,
its board, its sponsors, or other authors in the series. Permission is granted for reproduction of this document, with attribution to the Urban Institute.