Hello, Harford County! University of Maryland Extension Agriculture is a business full of pests. Be Harford County Office it weeds, insects, or diseases, we spend a significant amount of time controlling for a P.O. Box 663 variety of critters that bite into the bottom 2335 Rock Spring Road line. Forest Hill, MD 21050 One little pest that many folks don’t (410) 638-3255 know much about is the itch mite. There are M—F 8:00 a.m—4:30 p.m. several species in the genus Pyemotes – commonly known as the straw mite, hay Extension.umd.edu/harford-county mite, or itch mite – that can be a problem in facebook.com/HarfordAg hay and straw. The mites breed in wheat and oat straw, grass hays, and even stored Sara BhaduriHauck grains. (They haven’t been reported in Ag Extension Educator legume hays.) In some ways the mites are sbh@umd.edu beneficial because they feed on insects that attack these feedstuffs. However, the mites also attack anyone who handles infested materials and can cause dermatitis. INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Itch mites readily move out of feed and onto the body, biting the individual Lambing and Kidding 2 especially on areas of the body that are School covered by clothing. At the time of the bite you may feel a prickling sensation, but the affected area usually becomes Toxic Plant Profile: 3 itchy and painful several hours later. Yew Some individuals are more sensitive to mite bites than others. Some people are relatively unaffected whereas others will Advances in Equine 4 develop small, red, itchy welts where Research Webinar they have been bitten. Those who are Series most sensitive may experience flu-like symptoms and fever. If you think you’ve Preventing Combine 5 been bitten by mites, it’s a good idea to Fires visit your doctor. Scratching or rubbing that bursts the blisters can cause infection in the skin. Manure: Dollars and 8 Cents Wildlife Management Workshop 9 The Extension Office will be closed on November 11 in observation of Veteran’s Day and November 26 and 27 in observance of Thanksgiving. Mites are most commonly detected by people handling hay or straw in the summer or fall. Hay and straw producers, as well as livestock producers, are often affected. Landscapers who use straw, such as when planting grass seed, and homeowners using straw for fall decorations can also be affected. People may also be affected after sitting on straw bales, such as on a hay ride. Animals fed infested feedstuffs may also be affected. Control of mites in hay and straw can be difficult. The best way to eradicate the mite is to remove its food source: taking out all the infested materials, sweeping the storage area clean, and then treating the area with a pesticide. Unfortunately, there aren’t many options for treating infested bales since the mites are inside, not just on the surface. Infested bales can be fumigated, but it is a complicated process and must be done by someone with the proper licensure. Once the temperature falls below 65 degrees Fahrenheit, the mites slow down and are less likely to affect human handlers. Mites are less of a problem during and after the winter when extended cold temperatures have killed off most of the insects. While hay and straw mites aren’t a common problem in Maryland, we do fall within their distribution range. Knowing the signs and symptoms of a mite infestation may help you identify the problem early and take steps to prevent the mites from spreading. Sincerely, Poultry 201 Workshop: Fall Flock Care Poultry enthusiasts and small flock owners won’t November 5, 2015 want to miss this workshop on fall flock care, to 6:30 p.m.—8:30 p.m. include discussions on how to prepare your birds for winter and the current status of avian flu in Baltimore County Ag Center Cockseysville, MD the United States and in Maryland. Speakers for the evening will include Dr. Nathaniel Tablante, University of Maryland Poultry Health Specialist; Dr. Michael Radebaugh, the state veterinarian with Maryland Department of Agriculture; and Ms. Jennifer Reynolds, University of Maryland Poultry Extension Coordinator. The experts will be available at the end of the program for questions. Registration is $10 per person. Light refreshments will be provided. Registration is required by October 28 and is limited to the first 30 registrants. To register or for more information about the program, contact Sara BhaduriHauck at the Harford County Extension Office at 410-638-3255 or sbh@umd.edu. Youth Swine Field Day Come out to the first annual swine field day, brought to you by Wishful Thinking Farm. This is a great opportunity to learn more about your swine project 8:00 a.m.—2:00 p.m. for the upcoming show season. This will be a fun-filled Deer Creek Overlook day with lots of educational topics and prizes! Topics Street, MD will include feeding your show hog, picking a show pig, a show clinic, and judging contests and skillathon. The registration fee of $15 includes lunch and a T-shirt. Bring a canned food item and get a free prize! For more information or to register, contact Kelly Vaughan at 410-459-9780. November 8, 2015 Lambing and Kidding School Registration is now open for the 2015 Lambing December 5, 2015 and Kidding School! This year’s event will be held 9:30 a.m.—3:45 p.m. right here in Harford County. The day-long program will feature separate educational tracks North Harford High School Pylesville, MD for adults and youth (ages 8-18). The youth program will be mostly hands-on. The keynote speaker for the adult program will be Dr. Richard Ehrhardt, the small ruminant specialist at Michigan State University. In addition to working with both largeand small-scale producers, Dr. Ehrhardt is involved in the training of veterinary students. The registration deadline for the school is November 20. The registration fee of $40 per adult and $30 per youth will include morning refreshments, lunch, door prizes, and resource materials on a flash drive. There is an additional $10 charge to receive printed resources in a binder. Youth will be charged an additional $20 if they want to make a feeder and halter in the first session. You can register online at 2015lambkidschool.eventbrite.com and pay by credit card (processing fees apply) or mail in a paper registration and check. For more information or to print a paper registration form, visit www.sheepandgoat.com and follow the link at the bottom of the page. Toxic Plant Profile: Yew By Sara BhaduriHauck, University of Maryland Extension—Harford County Unlike most of the toxic plants we have featured recently, yew is not commonly found in pastures or hay but is rather an ornamental plant. For this reason, yew poisoning is uncommon – but it’s not unheard of. Yew is highly toxic to livestock and even to humans. There are several species of trees known as yew, all falling into the genus Taxus. Colloquially, “yew” generally refers to common yew or Taxus baccata, a small evergreen tree that grows red berry-like structures. (The “berries” are technically not fruits but rather a fleshy covering over the seed called an aril.) Yew trees have great longevity and can grow for up to 600 years. All parts of the plant are toxic except for the berries. The seeds within the berries are toxic. Yew contains several different toxic alkaloids which are collectively referred to as taxine. Taxine inhibits the sodium-potassium pumps within cardiac muscle cell membranes, causing abnormal heartbeat and ultimately cardiac failure. The toxic dose of yew is between 0.10 and 1% of body weight for cattle and 0.05% and 0.2% of body weight for horses. For a 1,000 pound horse, that means just half a pound of yew needles can be fatal. Yew is toxic when fresh and when dried. It becomes more toxic later in the year because toxins build up during the course of the growing season. Animals that ingest yew usually die within 2 or 3 hours and are often found dead near the yew bushes or clippings they were feeding on. If clinical Photo: University of Maryland Extension Photo: University of Connecticut signs are observed, they may include trembling, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, or convulsions. There is no specific treatment for yew poisoning, although some supportive therapies may be successful depending on the amount of yew consumed. Yew is commonly used in landscaping because it’s easy to trim and shape. Livestock owners should know how to identify yew and, if yew is growing on the farm, take extra precautions to ensure livestock never have access to it. Yew should never be planted near fencerows, barns, or riding rings. If you have yew growing in these areas, remove it. Horse owners should be particularly cautious to avoid yew when holding or tying horses at shows or when visiting other farms. Another common use of yew is in Christmas wreaths and decorations made from evergreen clippings. Decorations containing yew should not be hung in barns or on fences where animals might access them. If you do use decorations containing yew, be sure to dispose of them well away from animal enclosures. Accidental exposure to yew can also occur when a well-meaning but uneducated neighbor dumps yew into a pasture. If you share a fenceline with your neighbor, communicate with them about the dangers of yew and other toxic plants that may be present in their yard clippings. It’s advisable to refrain from dumping, or allowing a neighbor to dump, any waste plant material into animal enclosures. Advances in Equine Research Webinar Series Wednesdays in November The University of Maryland’s Equine Studies Program is proud to 7:00 p.m.—8:00 p.m. announce its latest initiative to bring equine science directly to the horse owner in an affordable way by hosting a national webinar series titled “Advances in Equine Research” sponsored by The Maryland Horse Industry Board. The weekly webinar series will feature prominent equine scientists who will share the latest research findings in parasite control, color genetics, and feeding forages to horses. Each webinar will be held on a Wednesday night in November from 7:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. for the low cost of $12. Participants will have an opportunity to ask their own questions of these premier specialists. Plan to join us for these great evenings of equine education! For more information, contact Jennifer Reynolds at 301-405-1547 or jenreyn@umd.edu. November 4—”Understanding drug resistance and how to deal with it: These ain’t your father’s parasites!” Dr. Ray Kaplan, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine November 11— “’Spotting’ the Genes for Color in the Horse” Dr. Samantha Brooks, University of Florida November 18— “Strategies to Optimize Equine Hay Use” Dr. Krishona Martison, University of Minnesota Child Labor Laws in Agriculture: What You Need to Know By Ashley Newhall, Extension Legal Specialist, University of Maryland Reprinted from the Maryland Risk Management Blog Like many from agriculture families, I grew agricultural employment are statutory. Under up working summers or even weekends on my Federal law: family’s dairy. Working as a 12 year old may A child working in agriculture on a farm owned seem foreign to many but in the agriculture or operated by his or her parent is exempted industry, it is a very common practice. Have you from Federal agricultural child labor provisions. ever been in a situation where you had to ask, “Is Young farmworkers who are not the children of this legal?” or “Are there laws I should know the farmer employing them are subject to about in order to have the neighbor kids work Federal child labor provisions that differ by age: here over the summer?” If you have, you are not Youths are no longer subject to the Federal the first and if you haven’t, you’re also in for a agricultural child labor provisions when they treat! Today I will go over basic laws and reach 16 years of age. regulations of child labor in the agriculture Children aged 14 or 15 may perform any nonindustry so you can make sure that you’re hazardous (see Exhibit 2.4 on the next page for a protecting yourself and farm operation. list of “hazardous” occupations) farm job First, laws governing child employment in outside of school hours, and with proper agriculture are different from the laws governing training and certification, they also may perform child employment in other industries. Unlike the certain hazardous duties. rules governing non-agricultural employment, Children aged 12 or 13 may be employed most child labor provisions applicable to outside of school hours in non-hazardous jobs, Exhibit 2.4. The Hazardous Occupations Orders in Agriculture Federal Ban on Work Activities of Minors Under Age 16 in Agricultural Work The Fair Labor Standards Act establishes a 16-year minimum age for those occupations in agriculture that the Secretary of Labor finds and declares to be particularly hazardous. The Hazardous Occupations Orders in Agriculture (HO/A) are contained in §570.71 of Subpart E-1 of Regulations, 29 CFR Part 570, and ban the following work activities in agricultural employment:1 Operating a tractor of over 20 horsepower, or connecting or disconnecting an implement of any of its parts to or from such a tractor; Operation or assisting to operate any of the following machines: 1 corn picker, cotton picker, grain combine, hay mower, forage harvester, potato digger, mobile pea viner, feed grinder, crop dryer, forage blower, auger conveyor, the unloading mechanism of a gravity-type self-unloading wagon or trailer, trencher, forklift, potato combine, power post-hole differ, power post driver, nonwalking type rotary tiller, and power-driven circular, band, or chain saws; Working on a farm in a yard, pen, or stall occupied by a bull, boar, or stud horse maintained for breeding purposes; or a sow with suckling pigs; or a cow with a newborn calf; Felling, buckling, skidding, loading, or unloading timber with a butt diameter of more than 6 inches; Working from a ladder or scaffold at a height of over 20 feet; Driving a bus, truck, or automobile when transporting passengers, or riding on a tractor as a passenger or helper; Working inside a fruit, forage, or grain storage area designed to retain an oxygen-deficient or toxic atmosphere; in an upright silo within 2 weeks after silage has been added or when a top unloading device is in operating position; in a manure pit; or in a horizontal silo while operating a tractor for packing purposes; Handling (including performing certain related duties) or applying pesticides and other agricultural chemicals classified as Category I or II of toxicity by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; Handling or using a blasting agent, including dynamite, black powder, sensitized ammonia nitrate, blasting caps, and primer cord; or Transporting, transferring, or applying anhydrous ammonia. 1 §570.52 permits certain vocational agricultural student-learners and those who have successfully complete approved training courses to perform certain tasks otherwise prohibited by the Agricultural Hazardous Occupations Orders when they are 14 years of age. (Exhibit from http://www.bls.gov/opub/rylf/pdf/chapter2.pdf) but only on the farm on which their parent works or with the written consent of a parent. Children under 12 may be employed outside of school hours in nonhazardous jobs on farms not subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) minimum wage if their parent is also employed on that farm or has given consent. Children aged 10 or 11 may be employed to hand-harvest shortseason crops outside of school hours under special waivers granted by the U.S. Department of Labor. As directed by the FLSA, the Secretary of Labor has found and declared certain agricultural tasks to be particularly hazardous for employees below the age of 16. The Agriculture Hazardous Occupations Orders (HO/As) are contained in section 570.71 of Regulations, 29 CFR Part 570. As noted, farmworkers as young as 14 years of age may perform some tasks otherwise prohibited by the Agricultural Hazardous Occupations Orders after completing or participating in certain vocational training programs. The FLSA prohibits hired farmworkers under 16 years of age from working during school hours, but does not give the Secretary of Labor authority to prohibit their employment during other times of the day or limit the number of daily or weekly hours they may be employed. (See http://www.bls.gov/opub/rylf/pdf/ chapter2.pdf for more information and details concerning agriculture child labor laws). Preventing Combine Fires By J. Richard Nottingham, University of Maryland Extension Dry field conditions that are ideal for a successful fall harvest also bring the danger of combine fires. Dry crop residue provides the tinder, and a small spark or heat source is all that is necessary for a combine fire to start. Combine fires can lead not only to lost time but substantial property damage and even injury or loss of life. Keep Your Equipment Clean. What can you do to lessen your risk of a combine fire? First and foremost, prevention is essential. Remember the old saying, “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Cleanliness and maintenance are essential for combine fire prevention. Use a pressure washer or a compressed air blowgun to thoroughly clean and remove dust, dirt, grease, and crop residues from your equipment. Many farmers also find a hand-held gas-powered leaf blower useful for cleaning equipment in the field. Not only will you have eliminated the “tinder” from which a fire can start, but you will have equipment that will run cooler and more efficiently. Regardless of how busy you may be, take the time to keep your equipment clean. Pay Special Attention to Routine Maintenance. Check lubricant levels often, and grease fittings regularly. Fix leaking oil, fuel, or hydraulic lines promptly. Check belts for proper tension and wear to reduce friction. Carefully check bearings for excessive heat—overheated bearings are a major cause of combine fires. Pay particular attention to the exhaust system, checking for leaks, damage, or an accumulation of crop residue. High heat or a spark from the exhaust can easily ignite dry crop residue. Take a close look at the wiring system, checking for exposed wiring or insulation deterioration. Remember, a blown fuse indicates an electrical problem—never replace a blown fuse with a new fuse of higher amperage. Special Precautions for Refueling. When refueling becomes necessary, always shut off the engine and let the equipment cool for 15 minutes before you refuel. Extinguish all sources of flame and smoking materials before refueling. If fuel spills on the engine, wipe off any excess and allow the fumes to dissipate. Never store flammable liquids in glass or nonapproved containers. The few minutes that you spend safely refueling are insignificant compared to the property damage or injury that can be caused by a fire. What If, Despite Our Best Efforts at Prevention, a Fire Does Occur? Being prepared can prevent substantial loss. Experts recommend that at least one fully charged 10-lb. ABC fire extinguisher be carried on all equipment. Better yet, carry two: one in the cab and one where it can be reached from the ground. The cost of fire extinguishers is insignificant when compared with the cost of your equipment. Remember that any partial discharge from an extinguisher requires it to be recharged. Visually check your extinguishers monthly, looking for cracks in the hose and inspecting the gauge to see if the extinguisher is fully charged. Have a professional fire extinguisher company inspect your fire extinguishers annually. Carry your cell phone or 2 - way radio with you at all times so you can summon help. If a fire does occur, CALL 911 FIRST, and then attempt to extinguish the fire by pulling the pin on the fire extinguisher and squeezing the handles together. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire and sweep from side to side. Remember P.A.S.S., which stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. By exercising proper fire prevention and preparedness and keeping your equipment well maintained and clean, you can help ensure a safe harvest season. Choosing PPE for Pesticide Applications By Sara BhaduriHauck, University of Maryland Extension—Harford County Personal protective equipment (PPE) is required by law and by common sense when making any pesticide application. How do you choose the proper PPE for a job? The pesticide label will tell you the minimum PPE required, but it’s a good idea to have your own understanding of what kinds of PPE are best in different scenarios. What should you wear? Because a pesticide label is a legal document, you are required to use all PPE stated on the label when making an application. However, you can always wear more protective gear than is required. Think about the specific risks you will be facing when applying the product. If you will be spraying overhead, you may want to wear a hat. If pesticides could drip onto your feet, you may want to wear a chemicallyresistant boot. If you’ll be walking through sticker bushes, you may want to wear sturdy garments that can’t be ripped. What materials are best for PPE? The basic PPE required for a pesticide application, regardless of the product being used, are long pants, long sleeves shirt, and shoes plus socks. Heavyweight, tightly-woven natural fabrics like cotton generally provide better protection than synthetic fabrics. Because a pesticide will absorb into any absorbent material it contacts, only wear absorbent materials that can be laundered. Leather boots and other types of footwear like tennis shoes are absorbent but can’t be laundered; once a pesticide seeps into these materials it will stay there. Absorbent PPE that can’t be laundered should be covered with something that can be cleaned (for example, for footwear, a chemicalresistant shoe cover). Be wary that the PPE you choose doesn’t trap pesticides against your skin. For example, most baseball caps contain an absorbent band inside that sits against the forehead. If pesticides absorb into the hat, that band will hold the pesticide directly against the wearer’s skin. What if I need chemical-resistant PPE? Photo: University of Missouri Extension Depending on the Glove Size Circumference of type of pesticide palm (in inches) being used, an Extra small 6-7 applicator may be required to use Small 7-8 chemical-resistant 8-9 PPE. There are many Medium different types of Large 9-10 chemical-resistant materials such as Extra large 10-11 barrier laminate, nitrile, viton, and 2XL 11-12 neoprene rubber, 12-13 among others. No Jumbo one material will protect against all types of pesticides. The label will specify what materials will provide protection. The EPA chemical-resistance category selection chart is a helpful resource for determining what types of chemical-resistant material can be safely used with different pesticide formulations. What should I know about choosing gloves? It’s advisable to wear gloves during every pesticide application, even if the label doesn’t require it. The majority of exposure to pesticides is to the skin, especially on the hands. Gloves should be unlined and extend to the forearm. Disposable gloves are usually less expensive and pose less risk of exposure during cleaning. Reusable gloves, on the other hand, are usually thicker and provide better protection during an application. If you use reusable gloves, be aware that each pair of gloves can only be used for a certain number of hours before they need to be replaced. It’s also important to select the correct size glove for your hand. Measure your hand around the palm to determine your glove size. What if the label requires a respirator? Respirators are usually required for pesticides with a danger or warning signal word. The label will tell you what specific type of respirator is required, but the acronyms can be confusing if you aren’t familiar with them. When applying pesticides, use respirators that are rated “TC,” meaning they have been tested and certified by the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (MSHA/NIOSH). The NIOSH prefix number (the number after the “TC-”) will tell you which type of respirator is required. There are two general types of respirators. An air-purifying respirator (APR) filters the air you breathe, and the wearer’s lungs power the air supply. For this reason, a good seal around the nose and mouth is crucial. Some APRs – called powered air-purifying respirators – have a motorized blower. This is the only type of APR that provides adequate protection to people with facial hair. Air-suppling respirators supply air to the wearer through a pressurized tank or air hose. This type of respirator is used in situations where toxic gases or low oxygen levels are present. Manure: Dollars and Cents By Patricia Hoopes, Harford County Nutrient Management Advisor Have you ever wondered how much a manure application is worth for your operation? Manure and other organic products have an economic value because they provide nutrients for crops and save money on fertilizer expense. However, assigning an exact dollar value can be a bit complicated. The University of Maryland has an Organic Nutrient Value Calculator (ONVC) available to assist with this calculation. The following information is needed to use the ONVC: 1) Nutrient Recommendations for the planned crop. This should be in your Nutrient Management Plan. 2) The current analysis for the organic nutrient material you plan on using. 3) The current prices of the commercial fertilizers you would use if you did not use the organic material. Once you have this information you can access the ONVC online: go to extension.umd.edu/anmp, click on the tab labeled “resources,” and then choose the link called “Organic Nutrient Value Calculator (ONVC).” Download the Excel spreadsheet to your computer. Open it and you will see blue and yellow cells. The blue cells have a drop-down arrow where you will select from options. You may type information into the yellow cells. The ONVC will display the dollar value of each of the nutrients supplied by the organic nutrient source. Please note, value is only assigned according to the needs of the crop (the recommendations from the Nutrient Management Plan). Excessive nutrients are given a value of “0”. Other factors to consider are the cost of application and incorporation. Compare the cost of incorporation to the Value of NH4-NL $/acre (last cell in the “Value of Organic Source” table of the ONVC). Additional information from the ONVC: It will give the value of N supplied in the year of application, and the value of the N supplied in two subsequent years through the process of mineralization. The ONVC calculates the value of the ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) provided by the organic nutrient source. This is directly related to incorporation practices and the sooner the product is incorporated the more NH4-N is captured. Additional benefits to the soil from applying an organic product such as addition of organic matter and improving soil tilth are not given any value by the ONVC. These benefits are difficult to quantify and therefore not incorporated into the ONVC. I hope you will enjoy playing with the ONVC calculator! Farm Diversification with Specialty Fruits and Vegetables Farm diversity opens opportunity and increased potential December 8, 2015 profitability! Like diversifying in the stock market, 9:00 a.m.—4:30 p.m. engaging in more than one enterprise and adding value to what you already grow will spread profit risk, not to Wye Research and Educ. Ctr. Queenstown, MD mention the “growing” interest in locally produced foods. Extension educators and local growers will come together to present their ideas during this one-day program to help you increase your knowledge of specialty crops, processing, marketing, and the University services available to help you. Lunch will be served and will feature some specialty crop foods. There will be a $20 per person fee to cover expenses. Please register by November 24 by calling Debby Dant at 410-827-8056x115. For more details about the program, contact Andrew Ristvey at 410-827-8056x113 or aristvey@umd.edu. Maryland Agricultural Commission Seeks Agri-Tourism Nominations The Maryland Agricultural Commission – an advisory body to the Secretary of Agriculture which represents all major commodities in Maryland – is seeking nominations for a member to represent agritourism. To be considered, applicants must be Maryland residents and have experience in the field they seek to represent. Appointments are made by Governor Larry Hogan, and each member is eligible to serve two, 3-year appointed terms. As a group, commission members address legislative and policy issues that affect Maryland agribusiness. The commission meets the second Wednesday of each month from 8:30 until noon throughout the year. To be considered, contact Jessica Armacost at Jessica.Armacost@maryland.gov or 443-883-0217 for more information and an application form. All nominations must be received by November 18. Wildlife Management Workshop Join the Maryland Farm Bureau for a workshop November 2, 2015 on wildlife management for farmers. The 9:00 a.m.—11:30 a.m. workshop will include discussion on control of Baltimore County Ag Center crop damage caused by livestock and a briefing Cockeysville, MD on the current deer population in the state and region, and update on the latest wildlife management rules and regulations that affect the farming community. Have a question about crop damage permits, sharp shooter programs, and other hunting issues? Representatives from Maryland’s Department of Natural Resources will be on hand to answer these and more. Updated wildlife management manuals will be available. Donuts and coffee will be served. For more information, contact Matt Teffeau at mteffeau@mdfarmbureau.com or 410-924-4525. Jeff Myers Area Extension Director Harford, Baltimore, and Carroll Counties Sara Meagher BhaduriHauck Faculty Extension Assistant Agriculture and Natural Resources sbh@umd.edu Extension.umd.edu/Harford-county facebook.com/HarfordAg The University of Maryland Extension programs are open to all citizens and will not discriminate against anyone because of race, age, sex, color, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, religion, ancestry, national origin, marital status, genetic information, political affiliation, and gender identity or expression. The information given herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by University of Maryland Extension is implied.