Madison Public Schools Grade 1 Social Studies Written by: Victoria Koehler Sara Kolesar Revised by: Francesca Frosoni Victoria Koehler Reviewed by: Matthew A. Mingle Director of Curriculum and Instruction Janine Loconsolo Supervisor of Elementary Education Approval date: September 9, 2014 Revisions approved August 18, 2015 Members of the Board of Education: Lisa Ellis, President Kevin Blair, Vice President Shade Grahling, Curriculum Committee Chairperson David Arthur John Flynn Johanna Habib Thomas Haralampoudis Leslie Lajewski Madison Public Schools 359 Woodland Road Madison, NJ 07940 www.madisonpublicschools.org Course Overview Description Grade 1 Social Studies focuses on the fundamental concepts of history, government, citizenship, economics, and geography. The focus will be on life in school and at home. Students will learn how schools and families change over time and how they work together to create a cooperative unit. Students will develop an understanding of how they play a role in the classroom community and family unit. Goals This course aims to: ● develop the understanding of the importance of school rules and our roles and responsibilities in the school and classroom ● identify and describe how our decisions affect others at school and at home ● explore and interpret how families help shape who we are through past experiences, beliefs, and traditions ● explore how family and school life has changed over time Resources Suggested activities and resources page Unit 1 Overview Unit Title: Life at School Unit Summary: This unit introduces students to life at school. Students will learn about their responsibilities as classmates while they explore ways to get along in school. Students will learn reasons for having rules and discuss the consequences of not following them. Students will explore their classroom and develop map skills by creating a classroom map. Lastly, students will compare schools of long ago to schools of today. Suggested Pacing: 22 lessons Learning Targets Unit Essential Questions: ● Why do we need rules? ● How do we ensure that our classroom runs smoothly? ● What are my rights and responsibilities as a member of my class? ● How are classrooms unique? ● How have classrooms evolved over time? ● How can we use maps to help us understand the world around us? Unit Enduring Understandings: ● Rules and laws are developed to protect people’s rights and the security and welfare of society. ● The examination of individual experiences and events promotes an understanding of individual and community, and responses to the violation of fundamental rights. ● The physical environment can both accommodate and be endangered by human activities. ● Personal, family, and community history is a source of information for individuals about the people and places around them. ● Recognize that people have different perspectives based on their beliefs, values, traditions, culture, and experiences. ● Spatial thinking and geographic tools can be used to describe and analyze the spatial patterns and organization of people, places, and environments on Earth Evidence of Learning Unit 1 Benchmark Assessment Information: Open Ended Question: How do we ensure that our classroom runs smoothly? Poster Project Objectives (Students will be able to…) Chapter One: How Do We Get Along at School? Describe responsibilities as classmates while exploring ways to get along in school. Essential Content/Skills Content: Cooperative Behavior Cooperation in neighborhoods Responsibilities to one another in the school community Suggested Assessments Illustrate to show something students can do to get along in school. Describe picture in one sentence. Standards (NJCCCS CPIs, CCSS, NGSS) 6.1.4.A.1 Explain how rules and laws created by community, state, and national governments protect the rights of people, help resolve conflicts, and promote the common good. 6.1.4.A.11 Explain how the fundamental rights of the individual and the common good of the country depend upon all citizens exercising their civic responsibilities at the community, state, national, and global levels. Skills: Identify the reason for and types of cooperative behavior Describe the results of one neighborhood’s efforts at cooperation Pacing 6 lessons (Can incorporate into September procedures and expectations through Morning Meeting or other activities.) SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups Identify school rules Demonstrate ways to get along SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). Draw and describe examples of cooperative behavior SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. W1.8 With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter Three: Why Do Schools Have Rules? Learn about the reasons for having rules. Content: Value of rules Rules at school Process of rule-making for a city Skills: Identify the purpose and benefits of having rules at school Compare rules at home with rules at school Vote to make a decision Illustrate the consequences of following and breaking rules Write and illustrate a school rule and the results of not following it. Divide students into groups and have each group choose 1 rule and logical consequence (according to the number of groups/ student), then have students vote on the rules. 6.1.4.A.1 Explain how rules and laws created by community, state, and national governments protect the rights of people, help resolve conflicts, and promote the common good. 6.1.4.A.3 Determine how “fairness,” “equality,” and the “common good” have influenced change at the local and national levels of United States government. 6.1.4.A.11 Explain how the fundamental rights of the individual and the common good of the country depend upon all citizens exercising their civic responsibilities at the community, state, national, and global levels. 5 lessons 6.1.4.A.12 Explain the process of creating change at the local, state, or national level. 6.3.4.A.1 Evaluate what makes a good rule or law. SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. W1.8 With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter Six: What is a Map? Learn what maps are and how to use them. Content: What is a map? Parts of a map Map symbols/directions Types of maps Map of the classroom Skills: Create a three-dimensional setting that corresponds to a two-dimensional map Read a classroom map Use a compass rose to determine direction Complete Reading A Map worksheet (see suggested activities and resource page for worksheet link) Complete Using A Map: Directions (see suggested activities and resource page for worksheet link) Create a map of the classroom. The map should include a grid for coordinates, a compass rose, a legend with symbols and what they represent. Identify maps that show local areas, the United States, and the world Compare and contrast past and present community life with an emphasis on schooling, childrens’ lives, and transportation. Content: Schools of long ago compared to schools of today School-related objects of the past School in the future Modes of transportation from the past Timelines 5 Lessons 6.1.4.B.3 Explain how and when it is important to use digital geographic tools, political maps, and globes to measure distances and to determine time zones and locations using latitude and longitude RL.1.2 Retell stories, including key details, and demonstrate understanding of their central message or lesson L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Use symbols to create a classroom map Chapter Seven: What Was School Like Long Ago? 6.1.4.B.1 Compare and contrast information that can be found on different types of maps, and determine when the information may be useful. Create a venn diagram comparing schools in the past and schools today. Draw a picture of a classroom from the past, today and in the future. Share pictures. 6.1.4.A.9 Compare and contrast responses of individuals and groups, past and present, to violations of fundamental rights. 6.1.4.C.16 Explain how creativity and innovation resulted in scientific achievement and inventions in many cultures during different historical periods. 6 lessons Sequence a series of life events using a simple timeline. Skills: Predict uses of historical artifacts Compare and contrast Sequence events using a timel 6.1.4.C.17 Determine the role of science and technology in the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and then to the information age. 6.1.4.D.11 Determine how local and state communities have changed over time, and explain the reasons for changes. 6.1.4.D.14 Trace how the American identity evolved over time. RI.1.3 Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas or pieces of information in a text W.1.8 With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Unit 2 Overview Unit Title: Working Together at School Unit Summary: In this unit students discover the importance of learning and accepting one another. Students learn about the typical duties of school workers and discover how each contributes to the school community. Students discover that they can make valuable contributions at school by helping others, respecting school property, being positive, and solving problems. Suggested Pacing: 19 lessons Learning Targets Unit Essential Questions: ● How can we and others effectively contribute to our school community? ● How can we ensure our school runs smoothly? ● How is our school unique? ● How can we make valuable contributions to our school? ● How do we make decisions/choices as part of a community? Unit Enduring Understandings: ● Interaction among various institutions in the local, national, and global economies influence policy making and societal outcomes. ● In an interconnected world, it is important to consider different cultural perspectives before proposing solutions to local, state, national, and global challenges. ● Personal, family, and community history is a source of information for individuals about the people and places around them. Evidence of Learning Unit 2 Benchmark Assessment Information: Open ended question: How do other effectively contribute to our school community? School Worker Profile Project Objectives (Students will be able to…) Chapter Two: Why Is It Important to Learn from Each Other? Discover the importance of learning from and accepting one another. Essential Content/Skills Suggested Assessments Content: Similarities and differences Interests Special Talents Talking and listening Unique personalities Listen and talk with a partner and report what is important about them through words or pictures. (Do puzzle piece activity) Skills: Identify similarities and differences among classmates All About Me Poster Compare and contrast classmates Standards (NJCCCS CPIs, CCSS, NGSS) 6.1.4.A.3 Determine how ''fairness,'' ''equality,'' and the ''common good'' have influenced change at the local and national levels of United States government. 6.1.4.A.15 Explain how and why it is important that people from diverse cultures collaborate to find solutions to community, state, national, and global challenges. Pacing 7 lessons (Can incorporate into September procedures and expectations through Morning Meeting or other activities.) 6.1.4.D.18 Explain how an individual’s beliefs, values, and traditions may reflect more than one culture. Categorize classmates Analyze the cost and benefits of different choices 6.1.4.D.19 Explain how experiences and events may be interpreted differently by people with different cultural or individual perspectives. 6.1.4.D.20 Describe why it is important to understand the perspectives of other cultures in an interconnected world. RL.1.10 With prompting and support, read prose and poetry of appropriate complexity for grade 1. W.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure. SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). SL.1.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter Four: Who Helps Us at School? Content: Roles and responsibilities of school workers Comprise a list of school workers’ names and jobs. Students should discuss 6.1.4.A.7 Explain how the United States functions as a representative democracy, and 6 lessons Learn about typical duties of school workers (teachers, principal, secretary and custodian) and how each contributes to the school community. Services provided in schools Leaders in our government Skills: Make inferences about a person’s job using pictures Give supporting evidence for inferences Identify contributions of service providers in our school Identify contributions of leaders in our government. their responsibilities. This list will be used for the unit assessment. describe the roles of elected representatives and how they interact with citizens at local, state, and national levels. 6.1.4.A.11 Explain how the fundamental rights of the individual and the common good of the country depend upon all citizens exercising their civic responsibilities at the community, state, national, and global levels. 6.1.4.C.6 Describe the role and relationship among households, businesses ,laborers, and governments within the economic system. RI.1.1 Ask and answer questions about key details in a text. RI.1.2 Identify the main topic and retell key details of a text. RI.1.3 Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text. W.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure. W.1.6 With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers. W.1.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of "how-to" books on a given topic and use them to write a sequence of instructions). SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). SL1.2 Ask and answer questions about the key details in text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. SL.1.4 Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly. SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. SL.1.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter Five: How Are We Good Helpers at School? Discover that they can make valuable contributions at school by helping others, respecting property, being positive and solving problems. Content: Citizenship Comparing life in the past and life in the present Skills: Make decisions about the best way to be a good citizen. Make a “Helping Hand Award” to honor helpers who help others, take care of things, do their best, and respect others. 6.1.4.A.9 Compare and contrast responses of individuals and groups, past and present, to violations of fundamental rights. List four characteristics of being a good citizen. 6.1.4.A.11 Explain how the fundamental rights of the individual and the common good of the country depend upon all citizens exercising their civic responsibilities at the community, state, national, and global levels. Identify similarities and differences between life in the past and life in the present. 6.1.4.D.11 Determine how local and state communities have changed over time, and explain the reasons for changes. 6.1.4.D.14 Trace how the American identity evolved over time. 6.3.4.D.1 Identify actions that are unfair or discriminatory, such as bullying, and propose solutions to address such actions. RI.1.7 Use illustrations and details in a text to describe its key ideas. SL1.4 Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly. 6 Lessons Unit 3 Overview Unit Title: Families Are Special Unit Summary: In this unit, students will learn that families are special in different ways. They will learn about the different family members, types of homes, and activities families can participate in. Students will learn what families need and want, and the difference between the two. Lastly, students learn about ways family members care for each other by helping each other, sharing knowledge, and spending time together. Suggested Pacing: 17 lessons Learning Targets Unit Essential Questions: ● What makes a family? ● How do families prioritize their needs and wants? ● How do family members fulfill their different roles and responsibilities? ● How are families unique? Unit Enduring Understandings: ● People make decisions based on their needs, wants and the availability of resources. ● Personal and family history is a source of information for individuals about the people and places around them. ● Cultures include traditions, popular beliefs, and commonly held values, ideas, and assumptions that are generally accepted by a particular group of people. ● Economics is a driving force for the occurrence of various events and phenomena in societies. ● Understanding of financial instruments and outcomes assists citizens in making sound decisions about money, savings, spending, and investment. Evidence of Learning Unit 3 Benchmark Assessment Information: Open ended question: How is your family unique? Family Shield Project Objectives (Students will be able to…) Chapter 9 How Are Families Special? Learn that all families are special in different ways. Essential Content/Skills Content: Family Roles Family Attributes Communities Skills: Identify family roles using relationship terms (mother, brother etc.) Names examples of three categories of family attributes (family roles, types of home, and types of activity) Compare and contrast communities in terms of physical features, climate and human activities Suggested Assessments Postcard Pen Pals Students will identify communities on postcards, compare and contrast the places represented and compare the places shown on the postcard with their own communities. Write/illustrate a postcard from their own community. Share and compare with a partner. Write a booklet about one’s own family. Standards (NJCCCS CPIs, CCSS, NGSS) 6.1.4.B.4 Describe how landforms, climate and weather, and availability of resources have impacted where and how people live and work in different regions of New Jersey and the United States. 6.1.4.B.6 Compare and contrast characteristics of regions in the United States based on culture, economics, politics, and physical environment to understand the concept of regionalism. 6.1.4.B.10 Identify the major cities in New Jersey, the United States, and major world regions, and explain how maps, globes, and demographic tools can be used to understand tangible and intangible cultural differences. 6.1.4.D.13 Describe how culture is expressed through and influenced by the behavior of people. W.1.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of "how-to" books on a given topic and use them to write a sequence of instructions). W1.8 With guidance and support from adults, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). SL.1.2 Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. SL.1.4 Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly. SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. SL.1.6 Pacing 4 lessons Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter 10 What Do Families Want and Need? Learn what families need and want. Content: Needs and wants Food, clothing and shelter Jobs to earn money to provide needs and wants (economics) Skills: Distinguish between needs and wants as things we must have to live and wants as thing it would be nice to have Identify food, clothing and shelter as need each family has Describe jobs that people do to earn money to meet their needs and wants Identify items a family might need and want while away from home Needs and Wants Bingo Draw a needs and wants in bingo boxes and label each drawing with the word need or want Needs and Wants T-Chart Characterize pictures into needs and wants Complete Needs Vs. Wants sort (see suggested activities and resource page for worksheet link) Complete Needs Vs. Wants writing assignment in which students will use the spaces provided to write a need, then illustrate with a picture and a want, then illustrate with a picture (see suggested activities and resource page for worksheet link) 6.1.4.C.1 Apply opportunity cost to evaluate individuals’ decisions, including ones made in their communities. 6.1.4.C.2 Distinguish between needs and wants and explain how scarcity and choice influence decisions made by individuals, communities, and nations. 6.1.4.C.3 Explain why incentives vary between and among producers and consumers. 6.1.4.C.10 Explain the role of money, savings, debt, and investment in individuals’ lives. 6.1.4.C.11 Recognize the importance of setting long-term goals when making financial decisions within the community. RL.1.2 Retell stories, including key details, and demonstrate understanding of their central message or lesson W.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure. W.1.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of "how-to" books on a given topic and use them to write a sequence of instructions. SL.1.2 Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. SL.1.4 Describe people and places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feeling clearly SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. SL.1.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation. L.1.6 8 lessons Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter 11 How Do Family Members Care for Each Other? Learn about ways family members care for each other. Content: Family activities Personal experiences Conservation Caring for the Earth Skills: Sort pictures of family activities into three categories of caring Explain the sorting decision Give examples of one’s own family activities to relate new concepts to personal experience Identify a local problem related to Earth and its resource Make a plan for solving problem Create a scroll that identifies ways to help one’s family 6.1.4.C.9 Compare and contrast how access to and use of resources affects people across the world differently. 6.1.4.D.13 Describe how culture is expressed through and influenced by the behavior of people. SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . 5 Sessions Unit 4 Overview Unit Title: Family Traditions Unit Summary: In this unit students learn about ways families change over time. They will discuss how families are different sizes and are comprised of different members. Students will explore their own family. They will learn about their family traditions and the traditions of others. Suggested Pacing: 12 lessons Learning Targets Unit Essential Questions: ● How are families different? ● How do families change over time? ● How do family traditions shape who we are as individuals? Unit Enduring Understandings: ● Cultures include traditions and commonly held values, ideas and assumptions that are generally accepted by a particular group of people. ● The cultures with which an individual or group identifies changes and evolves in response to interactions with other groups and/or in response to needs or concerns. ● People view and interpret events differently because of the times in which they live, the experiences they have had, the perspectives held by their culture and their individual point of view. ● The world is comprised of nations that are similar to and different from the United States. Evidence of Learning Unit 4 Benchmark Assessment Information: Open Ended Question: How are families’ traditions unique? Family Tradition Book Objectives (Students will be able to…) Chapter 12 How Do Families Change? Essential Content/Skills Content: Family Changes Family Responsibilities Learn about ways families change over time. Skills: Identify why and how families change Name responsibilities and activities that change Compare old and new ways of doing things Suggested Assessments Window to the Future Students predict future change in their own families and write/illustrate these changes Venn Diagram comparing family in the past and present Write about how certain daily household items have changed from a long time ago Predict future changes in family Standards (NJCCCS CPIs, CCSS, NGSS) 6.1.4.D.11 Determine how local and state communities have changed over time, and explain the reasons for changes. Pacing 5 lessons 6.1.4.D.20 Describe why it is important to understand the perspectives of other cultures in an interconnected world. 6.1.4.D.18 Explain how an individual’s beliefs, values, and traditions may reflect more than one culture. W.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure. W.1.3 Write narratives in which they recount two or more appropriately sequenced events, include some details regarding what happened, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide some sense of closure. SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). SL.1.2 Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) . Chapter 13 What Are Family Traditions? Explore their own family traditions and learn about the traditions of others Content: Holiday Traditions Family Traditions Comparing cultures Skills: Tradition Quilt Square Students will make one paper quilt square, showing their family’s traditions for celebrating a special day. 6.1.4.B.1 Compare and contrast information that can be found on different types of maps, and determine when the information may be useful. 6.1.4.A.14 7 lessons Name details of traditional holiday celebrations Categorize traditions Compare and contrast family traditions with other families Identify a tradition from a different part of the world Create a visual design for a family tradition Comprise a list of holidays families celebrate. This list will be used for the unit assessment. Describe how the world is divided into many nations that have their own governments, languages, customs, and laws. 6.1.4.D.13 Describe how culture is expressed through and influenced by the behavior of people. 6.1.4.D.17 Explain the role of historical symbols, monuments, and holidays and how they affect the American identity. 6.1.4.D.18 Explain how an individual’s beliefs, values, and traditions may reflect more than one culture. 6.1.4.D.19 Explain how experiences and events may be interpreted differently by people with different cultural or individual perspectives. 6.1.4.D.20 Describe why it is important to understand the perspectives of other cultures in an interconnected world. RI.1.2 Identify the main topic and retell key details of a text. RI.1.7 Use the illustrations and details in a text to describe its key ideas. RI.1.7 Identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic (e.g., in illustrations, descriptions, or procedures). W.1.2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they name a topic, supply some facts about the topic, and provide some sense of closure. W.1.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of "how-to" books on a given topic and use them to write a sequence of instructions). SL.1.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and text with peers and adults in small and larger groups SL.1.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). SL.1.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by responding to the comments of others through multiple exchanges. SL.1.1.C Ask questions to clear up any confusion about the topics and texts under discussion. SL.1.2 Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. SL.1.4 Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details, expressing ideas and feelings clearly. SL.1.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descriptions when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings. SL.1.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation. L.1.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because) .