Matakuliah : G0934 / Leadership and Organisation
Tahun
: 2007
The Nature Of Leadership
Pertemuan 1
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter students should be able to:
• Understand why leadership has been defined in so many ways.
• Understand the controversy about differences between leadership and
management.
• Understand how leadership will be defined in this book.
• Understand why it is so difficult to asses leadership effectiveness.
• Understand the different indicators used to asses leadership
effectiveness.
• Understand what aspects of leadership have been studied the most
during the past 50 years.
• Understand how leadership can be described as an individual, dyadic,
group, or organizational process.
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Outline Materi
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Definitions of Leadership
Leadership Effectiveness
Overview of Major Research Approaches
Level of Conceptualization for Leadership
Other Bases for Comparing Leadership Theories
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The Nature of Leadership
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The Nature of Leadership
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1. Definition of Leadership
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Video
Watch video
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Definitions of Leadership
• Leadership is “the behavior of an individual… directing the
activities of a group toward a shared goal” (Hemphil & Coons, 1975,
p.7)
• Leadership is “the influential increment over and above mechanical
compliance with the routine directives of the organisation” (D.Katz
& Kahn, 1978, p.528).
• “Leadership is exercised when persons… mobilize… institutional,
political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse,
engage, and satisfy the motives of followers” (Burns, 1978, p.18)
• Leadership is “the process Of Influencing the activity of an
organized group toward goal
achievement” (Rauch & Behling,1984,p,46)
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• More definitions
http://www.leadership-studies.com/lsw/definitions.htm
http://www.leadingtoday.org/Onmag/2006%20Archives/august06/definitions82006.html
... it was Lao-Tse who wrote, "Fail to honor people, they fail to honor you. But of a good leader, who talks little, when his work is done, his aim
fulfilled, they will all say, "We did this ourselves."
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Specialized Role or Shared Influence Process?
Type of influence Process
Purpose of Influence Attempts
Influence Based on Reason or Emotions
Leadership Versus Management
A working Definition of Key Terms
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Scope of Leadership Processes
• Leaders influence:
– The interpretation of external events by members
– The choice of objectives an strategies to pursue
– The motivation of members to achieve the objectives
– The mutual trust and cooperation of members
– The organisation of work activities
– The development of members skills and confidence
– The learning and sharing of new knowledge by members
– The enlistment of support and cooperation from outsiders
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2. Leadership Effectiveness
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Leadership Effectiveness
• Immediate and delayed outcomes
Inspiring Vision
Follower
Effort
Quality +
productivity
Unit
Profit
Training +
Follower Skills
Coaching
Causal Chain of Effects from Two Types of Leader Behaviour
• What criteria to use?
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• Leadership effectiveness model
• Emotional Intelligence: Understanding yourself and others
• Relationships: Communication, Managing Conflict,
Campus Resources for Resolving Conflict,
Sexual Harassment
• Teamwork: Mission-Based Leadership, Building a Team,
Diversity, Team Facilitation,
Employment: From Start to Finish
• Operations: Quality Service Management,
Managing Customer Service, Campus Resources
Planning, Delegation and Project Management
Time and Attendance, Resource Management
• Performance: Performance Management,
UM Policies, Procedures, and Practices
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Overview of Major Research Approaches
• Key Variables Included in Leadership Theories
– Characteristics of the Leader
• Traits (motives, personality, values)
• Confidence and Optimism
• Skills and Expertise
• Behaviour
• Integrity and Ethics
• Influence Tactics
• Attributions about followers
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Exercise
• Select a leader that you know best and try to asses him/her using
The GE Leadership Effectiveness Survey (LES)
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