F0542 – Manajemen Umum
Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: F0542/Manajemen Umum
: 2005
:5
Pertemuan 1
PENGANTAR MANAJEMEN
DAN
ORGANISASI
Edisi : 1
Revisi : 5
BINA NUSANTARA
Sept - 2005
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
Menjelaskan akan pengertian manajemen,
fungsi dan proses manajemen, peran
manajemen, mengapa mempelajari manajemen,
manajer, apa yang dilakukan manajer dan
organisasi
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
Outline Materi
Who Are Managers?
What Is Management?
What Do Managers Do?
Management Functions and Processes
Management Roles
Interpersonal Roles
Informational Roles
Decisional Roles
Management Skills
Technical Skills
Human Skills
Conceptual Skills
Managing Systems
Managing in Different and Changing Situations
What Is an Organization?
Why Study Management?
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 02 - 20
Apakah Manajer itu?

Manager


someone who works with and through other
people by coordinating their work activities
in order to accomplish organizational goals
changing nature of organizations and work
has blurred the clear lines of distinction
between managers and non-managerial
employees
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum

Apakah Manajer itu?
01 / 03 - 20
Managerial Titles



First-line managers (pertama) - manage the
work of non-managerial individuals who are
directly involved with the production or creation of
the organization’s products
Middle managers (menengah) - all managers
between the first-line level and the top level of the
organization
Top managers (atas) - responsible for making
organization-wide decisions and establishing the
plans and goals that affect the entire organization
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 04 - 20
Level-level Organisasi
Top
Managers
Middle
Managers
First-line
Managers
Non-managerial Employees
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 05 - 20
Apakah Manajemen?

Manajemen


Proses koordinasi kegiatan kerja sehingga bisa
diselesaikan dengan efisien dan efektif melalui
orang lain
Elements of definition
 Process - represents ongoing functions or
primary activities engaged in by managers
 Coordinating - distinguishes a managerial
position from a non-managerial one
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 06 - 20
Apakah Manajemen?

Manajemen
–
Elements of definition
 Efficiency - getting the most output from the
least amount of inputs
 “doing things right”
 concerned with means
 Effectiveness - completing activities so that
organizational goals are attained
 “doing the right things”
 concerned with ends
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 07 - 20
Efisiensi dan Efektifitas dalam Manajemen
Efficiency (Means)
Effectiveness (Ends)
Resource
Usage
Goal
Attainment
Low Waste
High Attainment
Management Strives For:
Low resource waste (high efficiency)
High goal attainment (high effectiveness)
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 08 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?
 Fungsi
–
–
–
–
dan Proses Manajemen
Planning - defining goals, establishing strategies
for achieving those goals, and developing plans to
integrate and coordinate activities
Organizing - determining what tasks are to be
done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be
grouped, who reports to whom, and where
decisions are made
Leading - directing and motivating all involved
parties and dealing with employee behavior issues
Controlling - monitoring activities to ensure that
they are going as planned
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 09 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?

Fungsi dan Proses Manajemen
 Management process


set of ongoing decisions and work
activities in which managers engage as
they plan, organize, lead, and control
managerial activities are usually done in
a continuous manner
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 10 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?

Peran Manajemen
– specific categories of managerial behavior
 Interpersonal - involve people and duties that
are ceremonial and symbolic in nature
 Informational - receiving, collecting, and
disseminating information
 Decisional - revolve around making choices
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 11 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?

Ketrampilan Manajemen
– Technical - knowledge of and proficiency in a
certain specialized field
– Human - ability to work well with other people both
individually and in a group
– Conceptual - ability to think and to conceptualize
about abstract and complex situations
 see the organization as a whole
 understand the relationships among subunits
 visualize how the organization fits into its
broader environment
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 12 - 20
EXHIBIT 1.5: SKILLS NEEDED AT DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT
LEVELS
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 13 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?

Managing Systems
– System - a set of interrelated and interdependent
parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified
whole
– Closed system - not influenced by and do not
interact with their environment
– Open system - dramatically interact with their
environment
 organizations - take in inputs from their
environments
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 14 - 20
Organisasi sebagai suatu Sistem Terbuka
Environment
System
Inputs
Raw materials
Human resources
Capital
Technology
Information
Transformation
Employee’s work
activities
Management
activities
Technology and
operations methods
Feedback
Environment
BINA NUSANTARA
Outputs
Products and services
Financial results
Information
Human results
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 15 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?

Managing Systems (cont.)
– managers must
 coordinate various work activities
 ensure that interdependent parts work
together
 recognize and understand the impact of
various external factors
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 16 - 20
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?

Managing in Different and Changing
Situations
–
–
require managers to use different approaches and
techniques
Contingency perspective - different ways of
managing are required in different organizations
and different circumstances
 stresses that there are no simplistic or
universal rules
 contingency variable
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 17 - 20
Apakah Organisasi?

Organization
– a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some
specific purpose
 elements of definition

each organization has a distinct purpose

each organization is composed of people

all organizations develop some deliberate structure
– today’s organizations have adopted:
 flexible work arrangements
 open communications
 greater responsiveness to changes
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 18 - 20
EXHIBIT 1.10: THE CHANGING ORGANIZATION
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 19 - 20
Mengapa Mempelajari Manajemen?

Universality of Management
– management is needed
 in all types and sizes of organizations
 at all organizational levels
 in all work areas
– management functions must be performed in all
organizations
BINA NUSANTARA
F0542 – Manajemen Umum
01 / 20 - 20
EXHIBIT 1.11: UNIVERSAL NEED FOR MANAGEMENT
BINA NUSANTARA