vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
x
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
LIST OF SYMBOLS
LIST OF APPENDICES
1
2
PAGE
xvi
xviii
xxi
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1
1.2 Problem Statement
4
1.3 Research Objectives
5
1.4 Scope of the Research
6
1.5 Significance of the Research
6
1.6 Research contribution
7
1.7 Thesis Outline
8
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
9
2.2 Evolution of Broadcast Technology
9
2.3 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS)
12
2.3.1 Mobile Multimedia Transmission
13
2.3.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division
17
Multiplexing (OFDM)
2.3.3 Channel Bandwidth
19
viii
2.3.4 Frequency Bands and Current Spectrum
21
2.3.5 Single Frequency Network (SFN)
23
2.3.6 MBSFN in Femtocell
26
2.4 Propagation Models
2.4.1 Free Space Path loss model
34
2.4.2 ITU-R P.452 Propagation Model
35
2.4.3 ITU-R P.1546 Propagation Model
36
2.4.4 Okumura-Hata Model
37
2.4.5 3GPP TR36.814 Propagation Model
39
2.5 Chapter Summary
3
41
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
42
3.2 Research Methodology
42
3.3 Developing the MBMS Scenario
45
3.3.1 MBSFN Average Data Rate Evaluation
45
3.3.2 SINR Evaluation for Outdoor Area
49
3.3.3 SINR Evaluation in Indoor Area
53
3.4 Software and Tools
59
3.4.1 MATLAB Software
59
3.4.2 SEAMCAT Simulator
59
3.5 Chapter Summary
4
34
60
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction
62
4.2 Results
63
4.2.1 Average Data Rate Evaluation of MBSFN
63
4.2.2 SINR Evaluation for Outdoor Area
67
4.2.3 SINR Evaluation in Indoor Area with 2GHz
path loss model
71
4.2.4 SINR Evaluation for Indoor Environment
77
by using Differennt Carrier Frequency
4.3 Chapter Summary
83
ix
5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
5.1 Conclusion
84
5.2 Future Work
86
REFERENCES
87
Appendices A- B
92
x
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Main characteristics of MBMS
12
2.2
LTE Frequency bands
21
2.3
Clutter height and nominal distance for different environment 36
2.4
The summarized function a ( h m ) and C for different
environment area
38
2.5
Cases for indoor femtocell management
39
3.1
Simulation parameters
47
3.2
The derivation path loss formula for different
carrier frequency
55
3.3
Parameters involved in MATLAB Simulator
56
4.1
Average data rate in Mbps with the number of UE for
different environment area
63
4.2
Spectral efficiency in bits/sec/Hz
65
4.3
The distance between UE and eNB
4.5
Propagation path loss PL
67
The SINR value with different frequency carrier
69
4.6
Distance between adjacent eNB to 3 different points
71
4.7
Propagation path loss value
72
4.8
The computed values of propagation time delay
73
4.9
SINR for 3 different positions
75
4.10
Distance between UE to the HeNB in femtocell area
76
4.11
Propagation path loss values for different carrier
4.4
69
frequency models
77
4.12
SINR values for 5 different carrier frequency
80
4.13
Femtocell simulation results for different carrier frequency
82
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
The evolution of Mobile Technology
3
2.1
Frequency spectrum transition from Analog to Digital
11
2.2
Broadcast multimedia distribution
13
2.3
Multicast multimedia distribution
14
2.4
Unicast multimedia distribution
15
2.5
Two types of signal transmission
15
2.6
Summarized options to deliver MBMS and transmission
modes
17
2.7
The comparison between OFDM and non OFDM signal
18
2.8
Comparison of different MCS in Spectral Efficiency
versus Distance
19
2.9
The concept of bandwidth
20
2.10
Frequency reuse technique in cellular system
23
2.11
The combination between two signals from different
base station (eNB)
2.12
24
Spectral Efficiency versus Number of UE as reported in
Research [52]
25
2.13
Single Frequency Network in small cell
26
2.14
MBMS in E-UTRAN architecture with HeNB
28
2.15
Femtocell in Macrocell environment
29
2.16
User Mobility in femtocell
31
2.17
SINR for 3 UEs depend on mobility
31
2.18
Network configurations of UEs and eNBs
33
3.1
Flow chart on the methodology of the conducted research
44
3.2
The simulation process in SEAMCAT
46
xii
3.3
MBMS cell structure for Outdoor area in SEAMCAT
Simulator
3.4
48
Algorithm of MATLAB coding for MBMS SINR in
outdoor and indoor area
50
3.5
Location of UE in MBSFN evaluation
51
3.6
MBSFN model in femtocell for indoor environment
53
3.7
The femtocell model setup in MATLAB
57
3.8
Simulation process for different femtocell propagation
model in MATLAB
58
3.9
SEAMCAT simulator
60
4.1
The Average Non-Interfere Data Rate versus no of UE with
variation of frequencies
63
4.2
Spectral efficiency versus the number of UE in Outdoor Area
65
4.3
Propagation path loss for four different frequencies of 700, 800
900 and 1800 MHz
68
4.4
The weight function condition
74
4.5
Signals propagate through different wall layers
Propagation path loss in femtocell for wall k =1
78
Propagation path loss in femtocell for wall k =2
78
The simulated femtocell area in MATLAB
81
4.6
4.7
4.8
80
xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
2G
-
Second Generation
3G
-
Third Generation
3GPP
-
Third Generation Partnership Project
4G
-
Fourth Generation
16QAM
-
16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
64QAM
-
64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
bps
-
Bits per second
BS
-
Base Station
CEPT
-
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication
DAB
-
Digital Audio Broadcasting
DVB
-
Digital Video Broadcasting
eMBMS
-
Evolved Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service
E-UTRA -
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
E-UTRAN -
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
eNB
-
Evolved Node B
EU
-
European Union
FDD
-
Frequency Division Duplex
GE06
-
Geneva 2006 Agreement
GSM
-
Global System for Mobile Communication
GPRS
-
General Packet Radio System
GHz
-
Giga Hertz
Hz
-
Hertz
HSDPA
-
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSDPA+ -
Evolved High- Speed Packet Access
HSUPA
-
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
HeNB
-
Home evolved Node B
ICI
-
Intercarrier Interference
xvii
ICIC
-
Intercell Interference Coordination
ISI
-
Intersymbol Interference
ITU-R
-
International Telecommunication Union, Radio
Communication Sector
IMT
-
International Mobile Telecommunication
IPTV
-
Internet Protocol Television
IMT
-
International Mobile Telecommunication
kHz
-
Kilo Hertz
km
-
Kilometer
LTE
-
Long Term Evolution
LTE-A
-
Long Term Evolution Advanced
MBMS
-
Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services
Mbps
-
Mega bits per second
MBSFN
-
MBMS in Single Frequency Network
MCS
-
Modulation Coding Scheme
MHz
-
Mega Hertz
MIMO
-
Multiple Input Multiple Output
MME
-
Mobility Management
OFDM
-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
Ptm
-
Point to multipoint
Ptp
-
Point to point
QPSK
-
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RF
-
Radio Frequency
SFN
-
Single Frequency Network
SINR
-
Signal to Interference plus Noise Ration
SEAMCAT -
Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Tool
TDD
-
Time Division Duplex
TV
-
Television
UE
-
User Equipment
UHF
-
Ultra High Frequency
UL
-
Uplink
UMTS
-
Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems
VHF
-
Very High Frequency
WiFi
-
Wireless Fidelity
xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
-
Propagation Time Delay
-
Additional Time Delay
-
Angle
-
Nominal Distance
-
Wavelength
-
Surrounding losses equation
C
-
Speed of light
f
-
Frequency
ℎ
-
Carrier Frequency
-
Clutter height
-
Height of base station
ℎ
-
Height of transmitter
-
Height of receiver
-
Number of penetrated wall
-
Constant loss
-
Free space loss between transmitter and receiver
-
Penetration loss of indoor wall
-
Penetration loss of outdoor wall
-
Spectral Noise Density
-
Power
-
Free Space path loss
-
Propagation path loss
-
Distance between UE to adjacent eNB
-
Distance between UE to reference eNB
θ
λ
ℎ
ℎ
xix
!
"
w
-
Cyclic prefix time
-
Useful Time frame
-
Weight function
xxi
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
TITLE
PAGE
A
LIST OF PUBLICATION
92
B
MATLAB CODING
94