Dictionary
The following is intended as a quick listing of Forth words created for the Runtime or Summary
programs. This is not an exhaustive listing, but rather a listing of some important or useful words.
Format:
Forth_word (how the word is used: function, variable, constant, or switch) [how the word is pronounced (if not obvious)].
Description. Normal value and/or usage. Where found or used. Related words.
How a word is used requires further explanation. A function is a computational procedure or subroutine. A constant is a
value that always remains the same. A variable is a value that can change according to new circumstances or
calculations. A switch is a variable that is either turned on or off, true or false. A value is normally a fixed number like a
constant but can be changed like a variable – for example, the calculated baseline position (bln) of the eyelid is the same
for all measurements during a trial, but changes from trial to trial.
Special Characters
\| (function) [backslash pipe]. If definition needed, compile from here to pipe. See need, \if, \;.
\; (function) [backslash semicolon]. If definition is needed, compile from here until semicolon found. See need, \if, \|.
A
a& (function) [a and]. An airpuff (or shock) alone trial. See Runtime Option 4.
abort (function). Immediately stop executing Forth words and give a warning beep. See also exit. Defined by
MasterForth.
#a/d (variable) [number of a-to-d]. The total number of analog-to-digital (nictitating membrane or eyelid) channels to
collect or analyze. See Runtime Option 4.
after (variable) An arbitrary unit of time after the trial to keep the tape recorder on. See before, tape. See Runtime Option
7.
air (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for the
airpuff. Can be useful for proper placement of airpuff mark in review program (Summary Options 8 and 13).
See also trial.
airoff (value/constant) [air off]. The bin number when the airpuff is turned off. You must factor in the delays caused by
the solenoid and hose. See Runtime Option 5.
airon (value/constant) [air on]. The bin number when the airpuff is turned on. You must factor in the delays caused by
the solenoid and hose. See Runtime Option 5.
auto (variable/switch) Normally off, the Summary program will ask for the number of trials (#trls), number of blocks
(#blks), number of trial types (types), and trial sequence; if on, the Summary program will assume values
embedded in the SUMMARY.SCR file. See discussion of the Editor in the manual section About Forth.
B
bada/d (variable) [bad a-to-d]. Value in 1/10th millimeter which, if equalled or exceeded in deviating (above or below)
from the PreCS (baseline) average from toneon-baseln [toneon minus baseln] to toneon, indicates a bad trial.
Normally 7 bada/d ! [0.7 mm]. Used by Runtime and Summary programs.
badtime (variable) [bad time]. Time in milliseconds after CS onset (i.e., in CS period) to look for too much a/d movement,
indicating a bad trial. Assumes that if a response occurs faster than the time it takes a reflex then the response
could not be learned. Normally 25 badtime !. Used by Runtime and Summary programs.
badun (variable) [bad units]. An abbreviation for badunits used only in comments. See badunits.
badunits (variable) [bad units]. If the number of units counted in the PreCS period exceeds this value then the trial is
considered a bad trial. Normally 100 badunits ! and sometimes 50 badunits !. For multiple units, height levels
on unit discriminator are usually set to give count rates of 5-20 counts in 250 millisecond baseline period. Only
used by Summary program.
baseline (function) Calculate measurements during the preCS period of the trial. See cs-meas, us-meas, measure.
baseln (variable) [baseline]. Time in milliseconds before CS onset (i.e., in PreCS period) to look for too much a/d
movement, indicating a bad trial. Normally 160 baseln !. You could use the entire baseline period. It normally
is not all used, allowing for some movement in the baseline period. Used by Runtime and Summary programs.
beep (function) The IBM-defined sound from the computer to get your attention. See bell, roadrunner.
before (variable) An arbitrary unit of time before the trial to turn the tape recorder on (gets tape up to speed before the
trial). See after, tape. See Runtime Option 7.
bell (function) A short sound from the computer. More pleasant/less annoying than the IBM-defined beep. See
roadrunner.
bin (variable) The duration in microseconds of each period of data collection. For example, 4000 bin ! causes a/d and
units data to be collected every 4 milliseconds during a trial. See scale. See Runtime Option 4.
#blks (variable) [number of blocks]. The total number of blocks of trials in a session. Equal to #trls divided by #t/blk. See
Runtime Option 4.
blksum(a) (function) [block sum A]. During data collection, add/average certain trials and display at the end of the block.
0=nothing, 1=tone alone, 2=tone-air, 3=light, 4=light-air, 5=air alone, 6=tone-light-air trial. Additive with
blksum(b). See Runtime Option 4.
blksum(b) (function) [block sum B]. See blksum(a).
bln (value/constant) [b-l-n]. Contains the calculated baseline of the a/d (e.g., eyelid or nictitating membrane position) in
the preCS period for calculations used in the trial.
bye (function) Leave Forth and reenter DOS. Defined by MasterForth.
C
ceiling (variable) cuts off the top of the unit displays so that they do not overlap and obscure the a/d data. Normally 28
ceiling !.
christy (function) calculate block statistics for CRs only using trials when a actually CR occurred. Used by Summary.
See also dragana.
continue (function) If a session has been accidentally interrupted, for example by pressing <escape> key twice during an
intertrial interval, you can resume training with dark continue<return>. See also exit.
copyright (function) Display the copyright notice.critlevel (variable)
criterion (function) Calculate when the subject has reached trials to criterion for learning. Used by Summary. See also
outof.
critlevel (variable) [criterion level]. The value in 1/10ths of a millimeter which must be equalled or exceeded to count the
a/d data as a conditioned response, between the time periods toneon+badtime to shkon. Normally 5 critlevel !
[0.5 mm]. Used by Summary program only.
cs-meas (function) Calculate a/d (e.g., eyelid, nictitating membrane) measurements during the CS period of the trial.
See baseline, us-meas, measure.
cs1on (variable) [cs one on]. Onset time in milliseconds of the first CS. Related to toneon. Used by Summary. See
toneon.
cs2on (variable) [cs two on]. Onset time in milliseconds of the second CS. Related to lton. Used by Summary. See lton.
cs-units (function) Count the number of units during the CS period of the trial. See pcs-units, us-units, measure.
D
dark (function) Erase graphics screen. Defined by MasterForth.
datadots (variable/switch) data dots. Normally off; on draws three dots at the maximum CS deviation, the maximum UCS
deviation, and at the 0.5 mm latency for the a/d channels. [When the new graphics display was written to
accommodate more unit channels and to show all the trial data on the screen, the dots do not always show up
in the right position.] See Runtime Option 7.
datadrive (string) [data drive]. Identifies drive where program can find the Data disk. For example, " b" datadrive
s!<return>. See librarydrive, programdrive.
dots (variable/switch) Normally on, draws a/d data as dots; off draws a/d data with lines between dots. Drawing dots is
faster than drawing lines, so this is preferred during data collection. Drawing lines is more esthetic, so dots off
is preferred during review (Summary Option 8) when printing to laser printer for publication. See Runtime
Option 7.
dragana (function) Calculate block statistics for CR and UR measurements only if a CR or a UR exists; i.e. make no
calculations if there is no response during the trial. Used by Summary. See also christy.
E
exit (function). Terminate execution of a word. Defined by MasterForth.
exit, how to exit Forth. Type bye<return> to reenter DOS.
exit, how to exit review of trials (Summary Options 8 and 13). There are two methods: either press e (that is all there is to
it), or press <escape> (to enter interpreter) <escape> to exit interpreter and the review of trials) then type tx (to
change to text mode) flush<return> (to close all files). See review to reenter graphics review.
exit, how to exit running trials. Press <escape> (to enter interpreter) <escape> (to exit interpreter and the run of trials)
then type tx (to change to text mode) flush<return> (to close all files). See continue to reenter trial sequence
[must be done before tx and flush]..
exit, how to exit Runtime menu. Type 0 (zero). It is then a good idea to type flush<return> to close all files. See menu to
reenter Runtime menu.
exit, how to exit Summary menu. Type 0<return> (zero). It is then a good idea to type flush<return> to close all files. See
summarize to reenter Summary menu.
exit, how to exit Summary printout. If the printout looks good but for some reason you want to stop the printout (for
example, the paper is jammed but the printer head is still working) then type <escape><escape> to stop the
printing. If the printout looks bad (for example, weird characters printout and/or multiple pages are ejected) then
turn the printer off -- see The Runaway Printer to correct the comment.
F
filter (variable/switch) Normally on, this causes 3-point moving average (smoothing) of raw a/d data when it is collected to
minimize spurious measurements; off causes no smoothing. See Runtime Option 7.
flash (variable/switch) Normally on, this causes the "inhibit" message to flash during a session; off causes no flashing.
Speed of flashing is a function of the computer clock. See Runtime Option 7.
forth (function). From DOS, enter the Runtime and Summary programs by typeing forth<return>. See exit.
G
H
I
\if (function) [backslash if]. If a definition is needed, compile the rest of the line. See need.
info (function) An array that temporarily holds the computed data during a training session. These are the numbers that
are printed on the bottom of the monitor screen in the review program (Summary Options 8 and 13). In order,
the numbers are: (1) PreCS average baseline, (2) PreCS maximum deviation, (3) CS peak amplitude, (4) CS
area, (5) CS peak latency, (6) UCS peak amplitude, (7) UCS area, (8) UCS peak latency, (9) latency to criterion
level amplitude, (10) unit 1 PreCS count, (11) unit 1 CS count, (12) unit 1 UCS count, (13) unit 2 PreCS count,
(14) unit 2 CS count, (15) unit 2 USC count, (16) PreCS positive area. Used by Runtime and Summary
programs.
inversion (variable/switch). Normally off, inversion on is used to invert the a/d data for analysis with Summary options 1,
2 and 3 (data analysis from data disk, library disk, or RAM). Used when the potentiometer is recording data
backwards (flipped) or when the behavior moves potentiometer in opposite direction from normal eyeblink. See
also invert.
invert (function). Used to invert the a/d data (channel 1) for the current trial data in the Review option of the Summary
program. Load the review program from the Summary menu (option 8), start program with review<return> and
jump to the trial that needs to be inverted, then access the interpreter (using <esc>) and type invert<return>.
See Tricks.
it (function). A temporary marker. After defining 'it' (create it) other words are then loaded and their functions executed.
When the words are no longer needed, then they can all be easily removed by typing forget it<return>. Forth
uses marker for a similar purpose where loading in words from other files. Create it and forget it are used in the
Summary programs and in debugging code.
J
K
L
l& (function) [l and]. A light alone trial. See Runtime Option 4.
l&a (function) [l and a]. A light and airpuff (or shock) trial. See Runtime Option 4.
l&s (function) [l and s]. A light and shock trial. See Runtime Option 4.
library (function) Store calculations of each trial to library disk. See Summary Options 1 and 10.
librarydrive (string) [library drive]. Identifies drive where program can find the Library disk. For example, " a" librarydrive
s!<return>. See datadrive, programdrive.
live (variable/switch) Normally off, collects data online; on collects data from previously recorded tape for off-line data
collection. [Due to changes in the machine code for the trial the sense of live was accidentally altered from
on/off to off/on. Unfortunately, it would take a lot of reprogramming to fix this.] See Runtime Option 7.
lt (function) [light]. Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for the
light. Can be useful for proper placement of light mark in review program (Summary Options 8 and 13). See
also trial.
lt-air (function) [light-air]. Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks
for the light and airpuff. Can be useful for proper placement of light and airpuff marks in review program
(Summary Options 8 and 13). See also trial.
ltoff (value/constant) [light off]. The bin number when the light is turned off. See Runtime Option 5.
lton (value/constant) [light on]. The bin number when the light is turned on. Calculations and graphics for the CS are
made from here to shkon (UCS). See Runtime Option 5. See cs2on.
lt-shock (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for the
light. Can be useful for proper placement of light mark in review program (Summary Options 8 and 13). See
also trial.
M
maxeye (variable) [max eye]. Option used in human experiments where the eyelid movement is optically coupled and
therefore needs to be calibrated with the Forth interface a/d converter; if a human's maximum eye opening is 15
mm then use 150 maxeye !. Normally set to 255 maxeye ! for rabbit studies where the equipment is calibrated
to use the full 0-255 8-bit range of the a/d converter. See Runtime Option 4 and Summary screen size 1-.
measure (function) Calculate all measurements during the trial. See baseline, cs-meas, cs-units, pcs-units, us-meas, usunits.
menu (function) Initializes interface chips on Forth card, closes all files, sets programdrive, displays the copyright, and
shows the Runtime Opening Menu.
minimum (variable) The minimum value in seconds of the intertrial interval. See range, random. See Runtime Option 4.
N
need (function) Check to see if a word has already been defined. See \if, \; and \|.
nothing (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of no marks.
Can be useful for preventing any stimulus marks in review program (Summary Options 8 and 13). See also
trial.
O
onset (variable) Point in time (milliseconds) during the trial when a response above baseline has been detected for the
first time. Used by Summary.
outof (variable) Number of trials used to determine whether criterion has been met. For example, if outof equals 10, then
the criterion looks for 9 trials with CRs in 10 trials (i.e., 9 outof 10). Used by Summary. See also criterion.
P
pause (variable/switch) On causes a session to pause between blocks of trials, allowing experimenter to inject drugs or
change electrode position between blocks; off (the normal condition) causes uninterrupted sequence of trials.
See Runtime Option 7.
pcspulse (value/switch) [preCS pulse]. Normally on, causes synchronization pulse to be output at the beginning of the
trial; off causes either CS or UCS pulse to be the first pulse in the trial. Used to prevent oscilloscope from
triggering on the preCS (baseline) pulse. See Runtime Option 7.
pcs-units (function) Count the number of units during the preCS period of the trial. See cs-units, us-units, measure.
picture (variable/switch) Normally on, causes graphics display to computer monitor; off causes text only to print out to the
monitor. Since drawing to screen takes considerably more time that writing a line of text, picture off is used for
very fast trials. See Runtime Option 7.
\| (function) [backslash pipe]. If definition needed, compile from here to pipe. See need.
portb (constant) [port b]. The address of the hardware interface controlling tone (1), light (2), airpuff (8), shock (16),
synchronization (64) and output pulses (128, see pulseon), and tape (32). To turn all stimuli off type 0 portb
pc!<return>. To turn the tone on type 1 portb pc!<return>, etc.
printing (variable/switch) If on, prints a hardcopy; if off, prints to computer monitor. Used by Summary program only.
The Forth command printer on actually turns “on” the printer, meaning that characters which are normally sent
to the monitor are now routed to the printer, not that it plugs in the printer or flips the printer’s on switch.
programdrive (string) [program drive]. Identifies drive where program can find the Summary program. For example, " a"
programdrive s!<return>. See datadrive, librarydrive.
pts (value/constant) [p-t-s or points]. The total number of bins to collect during a trial. For example, 100 is pts and 400
scale pts are equivalent if the binwidth is previously set to 4000 (4000 microseconds, or 4 milliseconds).
Runtime uses pts; Summary screen 84 is actually trialdur which gets converted to pts. See bin, scale. See
Runtime Option 5. See trialdur.
pulseon (value/constant) [pulse on]. The bin number when an external pulse is given. Used to trigger an oscilloscope
sweep. If the value of pulseon exceeds the trial duration (exceeds pts) then the pulse is effectively turned off.
See Runtime Option 5.
Q
R
random (function). Returns a pseudorandom number with values determined by minimum and range. See minimum,
range.
range (variable) The value in seconds of the maximum deviation of the intertrial interval from its minimum value. For
example, for an average 30 second intertrial interval with a range of 20-40 seconds, use 20 minimum ! 20 range
! See minimum, random. See Runtime Option 4.
recalc (function) Recalculate measurements from data disk. This routine asks you for the name of the data file to analyze
and does the initial analysis of each trial. To use from Forth, you must load Summary Option 1 when tsr is on.
See Summary Option 1. See .summary, tsr.
reset (function) Reinitialize programmable chips on Forth interface card. During a session, sometimes the stimuli (e.g.,
the tone) stop functioning. I usually attribute this to an electrical spike that has upset the hardware. Usually this
can be fixed by entering the interpreter and issuing the command reset<return><return>. If this does not work,
note the trial you are on, turn the computer off and back on, and beginning training where you left off. In the
newer versions, the Runtime program now keeps track of the last trial given, so it will ask if you want to continue
where you left off.
review (function) Start the review program. See Summary Options 8 and 13.
roadrunner (function) On a relatively slow IBM-PC (4.7 or 8 MHz) this will make the sound beep-beep to get your
attention (actually it is bell-bell).
run (function) Start the z-score analysis. See Summary Option 14.
S
s& (function) [s and]. A shock alone trial. See Runtime Option 4.
\; (function) [backslash semicolon]. If definition needed, compile from here until semicolon found. See need.
safety (variable/switch) On saves data to floppy, off does not. Initially used for debugging, it is also used to turn off
collection to floppy so that the minimum intertrial interval can be used for random unpaired conditioning. See
Runtime Option 7.
scale (function) Converts a number representing milliseconds into a number representing the corresponding number of
bins. For example, if bin equals 2 milliseconds, then 1000 scale pts stores 500 into pts. See bin. See Runtime
Option 5.
shkoff (value/constant) [shock off]. The bin number when the shock is turned off. See Runtime Option 5.
shkon (value/constant) [shock on]. The bin number when the shock is turned on. Also represents the time when the
airpuff arrives at the eye. Calculations and graphics for the UCS are made from here to the end of the trial (to
pts). See Runtime Option 5. See uson.
shock (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. See also trial.
size (function) If a file is open, return its size (in units of screens, i.e., 1024 byte units). size 1- gives the number of the
last screen of the file. A MasterForth definition.
stop (function) Prevents compilation of everything on the screen after the word stop.
summarize (function) Loads the Summary Menu.
summary (function) If this word is in the dictionary (i.e., sifting summary<return>) then at least part of the Summary
program has been loaded. To start fresh, type forget summary<return>, which is the condition found when the
Runtime program is first booted up.
.summary (function) [dot summary or print summary]. Start the summary print out routine. See Summary Options 1, 2,
and 3. See recalc.
T
t& (function) [t and]. A tone alone trial. See Runtime Option 4.
t&a (function) [t and a]. A tone and airpuff (or shock) trial. See Runtime Option 4.
t&s (function) [t and s]. A tone and shock trial. See Runtime Option 4.
tl& (function) [t l and]. A tone and light trial. See Runtime Option 4.
tl&a (function) [t l and a]. A tone, light and airpuff (or shock) trial. See Runtime Option 4.
tl&s (function) [t l and s]. A tone, light and shock trial. See Runtime Option 4.
tape (variable/switch) Turn on/off tape recorder during trial to collect data. See after, before. See Runtime Option 7.
#t/blk (variable) [number of trials per block]. Number of trials per block during a session. Equal to #trls divided by #blks.
See Runtime Option 4.
!time (function) [store time]. Sets the computer date/time-of-day timer to the beginning by typing 0 0 !time<return>. This
is necessary when the accumulated time gets too large for proper timing of the intertrial intervals. Used by
Runtime program.
tone (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for the
tone. Can be useful for proper placement of tone mark in review program (Summary Options 8 and 13). See
also trial.
tonealonecrsinusperiod (variable/switch) [tone alone crs in us period]. Who came up with this name? Well, I could not
think of anything else. If on, then tone alone trials will be searched in the UCS period for conditioned
responses. This can only be used for tone alone trials that are type 1 in the trial type table. If off, then
conditioned responses are only looked for in the period between the CS and UCS onsets, even on CS alone
trials when the UCS is not actually delivered.
tone-lt (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for the
tone and light. Can be useful for proper placement of tone and light marks in review program (Summary
Options 8 and 13). See also trial.
tone-lt-air (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for
the tone, light and airpuff. Can be useful for proper placement of tone, light and airpuff marks in review program
(Summary Options 8 and 13). See also trial.
tone-lt-shock (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks
for the tone and light. Can be useful for proper placement of toneand light marks in review program (Summary
Options 8 and 13). See also trial.
toneoff (value/constant) [tone off]. The bin number when the tone is turned off. See Runtime Option 5.
toneon (value/constant) [tone on]. The bin number when the tone is turned on. Calculations and graphics for the CS are
made from here to shkon (UCS). See Runtime Option 5. See cs1on.
tone-shock (function) Sets up vectors for interstimulus intervals during a trial. Also sets up graphics display of marks for
the tone. Can be useful for proper placement of tone mark in review program (Summary Options 8 and 13).
See also trial.
trial (function) Executes a trial. One of the commands air, lt, tone, shock, tone-air, lt-air, tone-lt, tone-lt-air, tone-shock,
lt-shock, tone-lt-shock or nothing  which set up the subroutine vectors  must be set before invoking trial.
trialdur (variable) [trial dur]. Trial duration in milliseconds. Related to pts. Used by Summary. See pts.
trialsequence (function) [trial sequence]. The block of trials for the session. May be defined by the user (see user) or
selected from these already defined sequences: 90%, UNP, 75%T, 75%L, TRACET, EXTINCTIONT, 75%TL.
See Runtime Option 4.
trl# (variable) [trial number]. The beginning trial number for training (usually equal to 1 but it could be something else if
the session was interrupted and resumes). Also, the current trial number. See Runtime Option 4. Used during
the Runtime session; used by Summary program in analysis.
#t/blk (variable) [number of trials per block]. The total number of trials that define the size of a block. The number of trials
per block (#t/blk) times the number of blocks (#blks) equals the total number of trials (#trls) in the session. See
Runtime Option 4.
#trls (variable) [number of trials]. The total number of trials in a session. Equal to #blks times #t/blk. See Runtime
Option 4.
tsr (variable/switch) [t-s-r]. Terminate and stay resident. If on, load in Summary program and exit to Forth. You can then
manually activate analysis as many times as you wish. This prevents you from having to reload the same
Summary Option over and over again for analysis of multiple data or library disks. For example, if tsr is on and
you load Summary Option 1 (analysis of data from data disk),then analysis is loaded and waits for your
command recalc .summary<return> to analyze the first disk. After completion, type recalc .summary<return>
again to do another data disk. You can also change other parameters (e.g., criterion level, see critlevel) and
reanalyze the same data with new parameters. Type summarize<return> to reenter Summary Menu. If off,
analysis of one data file will be allowed and then you are returned to the Summary Menu. Edit on Summary
screen 1. Used by Summary program only.
types (variable) Number of different trial types. Used by Summary program
U
un1 (variable) [un one]. If 0 do not analyze first unit channel, if 1 do analyze. Used by Summary program only.
un2 (variable) [un two]. If 0 do not analyze second unit channel, if 1 do analyze. Used by Summary program only.
unit1x (value/constant) [unit 1 x]. Y-axis amplification of unit channel 1. See Runtime Option 4; Summary Options 8 and
13.
unit2x (value/constant) [unit 2 x]. Y-axis amplification of unit channel 2. See Runtime Option 4; Summary Options 8 and
13.
unitduration (variable) [unit duration]. The duration in microseconds of the discriminator pulse for units, this is used to
calculate the maximum number of counts that are possible during one binwidth as a safety check. See Runtime
Option 4.
#units (variable) [number of units]. The total number of unit channels to collect or analyze. See Runtime Option 4.
use (variable/switch) Normally off, tells runtime whether there was a previous trial with data to save. Used for debugging.
See Runtime Option 7.
user (function) A user-defined block sequence of trials. Later resolved as trialsequence. [The word "user" is not
mandatory. Another name could be used just so long as it is resolved as in ' anothername is trialsequence.
The number of trials in the definition must match #t/blk.]
us-meas (function) Calculate measurements (e.g., eyelid, nictitating membrane) during the US period of the trial. See
baseline, cs-meas, measure.
uson (variable) [us onset]. Onset in milliseconds of the UCS. Related to shkon. Used by Summary. See shkon.
us-units (function) Count the number of units during the US period of the trial. See cs-units, pcs-units, measure.
V
version (function) Identifies compilation date of Runtime program. To use, type version type<return>.
W
X
xmaximum (constant) [x maximum]. The maximum number of points possible in the horizontal dimension for drawing.
Might be seen on Runtime Option 7. Used by Runtime; used by Summary Options 8 and 13.
xscalex (value/constant) [x scale x]. X-axis scale multiplier, this determines the horizontal magnification of the graphics
display. Used in conjunction with xscale/. Used by Runtime, might be seen in Runtime Options 4 and 7; used
by Summary Options 8 and 13.
xscale/ (value/constant) [x scale slash]. X-axis scale divisor, this determines the horizontal miniaturization of the graphics
display. Used in conjunction with xscalex. Used by Runtime; used by Summary Options 8 and 13.
Y
Z
zscores (function). If this word is found in the dictionary then the zscores analysis (Summary Option 14) is loaded.