Introduction to Information Technology
2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Information Technologies in Modern
Organizations (continue…)
Prepared by:
Roberta M. Roth, Ph.D.
University of Northern Iowa
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-1
How Information Systems Support
Organizations
 First, consider how organizations are
structured:
Typically by functional departments
Frequently in a hierarchy
May be by project or in a matrix structure
 Information Systems in an organization are
developed to support the way the
organization is structured.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-2
How Information Systems Support
Organizations, (continued)
 Information systems consist of numerous
applications
An application is system developed for a
specific purpose
 Applications and systems can support
Individuals / teams
Departments
Plants / divisions
Entire enterprise
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-3
How Information Systems Support
Organizations, (continued)
 Information systems can also be
interorganizational
Connect two or more organizations having a
common interest or business need.
Important in facilititating e-commerce.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-4
How Information Systems Support
People in Organizations
 IS support needed by people depends on
their role in the organization.
Top managers make strategic decisions
Middle managers make tactical decisions
Line managers make operations decisions
Knowledge workers create and integrate
knowledge
Clerical workers use and manipulate
information
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-5
How Information Systems Support
People in Organizations, (continued)
Insert Figure 2.5 from textbook here
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-6
How Information Resources are
Managed in Organizations
 Information resources encompass many things,
including
 Hardware (computers, servers, other devices)
 Software (development tools, languages, applications)
 Databases
 Networks (local area, wide area, Internet, intranet)
 Procedures
 Physical buildings.
 Resources are very costly; proper management is
essential.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-7
How Information Resources are
Managed in Organizations
 Responsibility for information resources
shared by IS Department and end users.
 Organizations must determine who is
responsible for planning, purchasing,
developing, and maintaining information
resources.
 Cooperation is essential.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-8
Role of the IS Department
 Shifting from technical to managerial
orientation.
 Increasing focus on adding strategic value
to the organization.
 As IS is challenged to add strategic value,
management of IS becomes more complex.
 Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads IS in
many organizations.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-9
Ways to Ensure IS Department / End
User Cooperation
 Use of steering committee
 Joint project teams
 IS presence on executive committee
 Use of service agreements
 Information Center
 Conflict resolution unit
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-10
Career Opportunities in IT
 Systems Analyst / Developer
 Webmaster / E-Commerce Specialist
 Business Analyst
 Programmer
 Telecomm / Network Specialist
 Database Administrator / Specialist
 System Operations Specialist
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-11
Chapter Summary
 Information Infrastructure comprised of all
facilities, services, and management that
supports all computing resources.
 Information Architecture details
information requirements and how those
requirements are being and will be
satisfied.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-12
Chapter Summary (continued)
 Information Systems are classified by type
(TPS, MIS, Support, Intelligent).
 Information Systems are designed to
support the organization’s structure.
 Information Systems provide support to all
levels and types of personnel.
 Management of IS resources is joint
responsibility of IS Dept. and end users.
 Many career options available in IS.
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-13
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Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2-14