Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: J0454 / Sistem Informasi Manajemen
: 2006
:1/1
Pertemuan 9 & 10
Telecommunications and Networks
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa akan dapat menguraikan
konsep dan jenis jaringan telekomunikasi
 C3
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Networked Enterprise
Trends in Communications
The Internet Revolutions
Telecommunications Network Alternatives
A Telecomunications Network Model
Types of Telecomunications Networks
3
Trends in
Telecommunications
Industry Trends
Industry Trends
Toward more competitive vendors, carriers, alliances
and network services, accelerated by deregulation and
the growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Technology Trends Toward extensive use of Internet, digital fiber-optic, and
wireless technologies to create high-speed local and
global internetworks for voice, data, images, audio, and
videocommunications
Application Trends Toward the pervasive use of the Internet, enterprise
intranets, and interorganizational extranets to support
electronic business and commerce, enterprise
collaboration, and strategic advantage in local and global
markets
4
Trends in
Telecommunications
Services available today…
Full Service Spectrum
Entertainment •Broadcast TV
•High-definition TV
•Enhanced pay-per-view
•Video-on-demand
•Interactive TV
•Interactive video games
•Video catalog shopping
•Distance learning
Information •Desktop multimedia
Transactions •Image networking
•Transaction services
•Internet access
•Telecommuting
•Videoconferences
•Video telephony
•Wireless Access
•Cellular/PCS systems
Communications •POTS-Plain old telephone service
5
Trends in
Telecommunications
Technology Trends
•Internet Networking Technologies
•Open Systems
•Connectivity
•Interoperability
•Digital Network Technologies
•Higher Transmission Speeds
•Move Larger Amounts of
Information
•Greater Economy
•Lower Error Rates than Analog
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Trends in
Telecommunications
Business Applications…
•Creation of Business Value
•Develop Strategic Capabilities
•Overcome Geographic Barriers
•Overcome Time Barriers
•Overcome Cost Barriers
•Overcome Structural Barriers
7
Trends in
Telecommunications
The Internet Revolution…
Internet Applications
•Surf
•E-Mail
•Discuss
•Chat
•Buy and Sell
•Download
•Compute
•Other Uses
8
Business Use of the Internet
GE Power Systems: Using the Internet Case
•Creation of a Power Plant Entirely on
the Internet
•Holding Virtual Meetings
•Blueprints Exchanged and Modified in
Real Time on the Web
•Customers Can Watch as Turbine is
Built from Anywhere
•20-30% Reduction in Time to Build
Turbine
•1-2% Increase in Turbine Output
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•30% Increase in Sales Revenue
Business Use of the Internet
Internet Adds Value to Businesses
Inventory
Management
Systems
Headquarters
Suppliers
The Internet
Business Partners
Customers
Remote Offices
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Deriving Business Value
Generate
New
Revenue
Sources
Develop
New Markets
and Channels
Attract
New
Customers
Reduce
Costs of
Doing
Business
Develop New
Web-Based
Products
Increase
Customer
Loyalty and
Retention
11
The Role of Intranets
•Intranets Redefined
•Use of Web Browsers
•TCP/IP Network Protocols
•HTML Hypermedia
•Internet-Like Environment
•Extranet Links
How Companies Derive Business Value…
12
The Role of Intranets
Communication and
Collaboration
Existing
E-Mail, VoiceMail Systems
Existing
Databases
and
Enterprise
Applications
Everyone
Communicate and
collaborate with e-mail,
discussion forums,
chat, and conferencing
Intranet
Intranet
Enterprise
Business Operations Information
and Management
Portal
Secure, universal
access to view
and use corporate
and external data
Employees
Web Publishing
HTML, MS Office,
XML, Java, and
Other Document
Types
Author, publish, and
share hypermedia
documents
F
I
R
E
W
A
L
L
Extranet
Customers,
Suppliers,
and Partners
Intranet Portal Management
Existing
Hardware
and
Networks
Centrally administer
clients, servers,
security, directory,
and traffic
13
The Role of Extranets
•Business Value of Extranets
•Gaining Competitive
Advantage
•Virtual Private Networks
•Firewalls and Security Issues
•Interactive Web-Enabled
Services to Business Partners
Graphically…
14
The Role of Extranets
Connecting Enterprise to Consumers,
Business Customers, Suppliers, and
Other Business Partners
Partners,
Consultants,
Contractors
Consumers
The Internetworked
Enterprise
Suppliers and Distributors
Business Consumers
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The Role of Extranets
Countrywide and Snap-on: Extranet
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•
•
•
Examples
Platinum Lender Access Extranet
Created by Countrywide
Access to Account and Transaction
Information
Snap-on Created Franchise
Information Network for Their
Independent Dealers
Supports Interactive News and
Information Exchange
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Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
Key Components and
Alternatives
• Networks
• Media
• Processors
• Software
• Channels
• Topology/Architecture
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Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
A Telecommunications Network
Model
1
4
3
2
Telecommunications
Channels
2
5
Telecommunications
Software
Telecommunications
Processors
PCs, NCs, and
Other Terminals
Telecommunications
Processors
Computers
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Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
Types of Telecommunications Networks
• Wide Area Networks (WANs)
• Local Area Networks (LANs)
• Network Server
• Network Operation System
• Virtual Private Network
(VPNs)
Graphically…
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Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
Example Wide Area Network
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Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
Example Local Area Network
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
Shared Databases
and Software Packages
Network
Server
Shared Hard
Disk Unit
Shared
Printer
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
Internetwork Processor
to Other Processors
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Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
Example Virtual Private Network
Company A
Router
The
Internet
Network
Firewall
Intranet
Extranet
Intranet
Server
Network
Firewall
Company B
Router
Intranet
Intranet
Server
Extranet
Server
22
Telecommunications
Network Alternatives
Link Staffing Case: Challenges of VPN
Services
• Connecting 49 Branches in 29
States by a VPN
• Outsourced Network to
OpenReach
• Previous Problems with
Another Provider
• New Provider Quite Successful
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Client/Server Networks
Functions of the Computer Systems
Mainframe
Large Servers
Client Systems
Servers
• Functions:
Provide user
interface, perform
some/most
processing on an
application.
• Functions:
Shared
computation,
application
control,
distributed
databases.
• Functions: Central
database control,
security, directory
management,
heavy-duty
processing.
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Other Networking
• Client/Server Networks
– Clients
– Servers
– Downsizing
– Legacy Systems
• Network Computing
• Peer-to-Peer Networks (P2P)
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Other Networking
A peer-to-peer network architecture with a
Directory of all peers on a central server
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Other Networking
A pure peer-to-peer network architecture
with no central directory server
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Telecommunications Media
Twisted-Pair Wire
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optics
• Photons
• Dense Wave Division
Multiplexing (DWDM)
Wireless Technologies
• Terrestrial Microwave
• Communications Satellites
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Telecommunications Media
Bob Evans Farms Case: The Case for
Satellite Networks
• Network Connecting 459 Restaurants and 6
Plants
• Used VSAT Satellite Communications
Network
• Faster Credit Card Authorizations
• Automatic Overnight Polling of Financial
Data from POS Terminals
• Planning Inventory Management Application
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Telecommunications Media
Cellular and PCS Systems
Wireless LANs
The Wireless Web
• Very Thin-Clients
• Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP)
• Third Generation (3G) Wireless
Technologies
• Wireless Markup Language
(WML)
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Telecommunications Media
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Architecture for Wireless Internet
Service
Wireless
Access
Protocol
Proxy
Filter
HTML
or
XML
WML
Web
Server
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Telecommunications Media
The UPS Case: Wireless LANs and MCommerce
• Use of Wireless as Part of UPScan
Standardization Effort
• Use of Bluetooth for Cordless
Connection to Peripherals
• Developed Legacy Application
Programming Interfaces (API)
• Connected to Web for New Customer
Tracking Ability
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Telecommunications
Processors
• Modems
–Modulation
–Demodulation
• Multiplexers
• Internetwork Processors
–Switches
–Routers
–Hubs
–Gateways
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Telecommunications
Processors
Typical Internet Connection
Network Interface Card
NIC
Hub
Ethernet
Switch
Router
Frame
Relay
Switch
Router
NIC
Corporate Local Area Network
ATM
Switch
Core
Router ATM
Switch
Internet Backbone
Internet Provider
Frame Remote
Router Relay Access
Switch Device
Internet Provider
Modem
Private Home
34
Telecommunications
Processors
Comparing Connecting Technology
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Telecommunications
Software
• Network Operating Systems
• Network Management
–Traffic Management
–Security
–Network Monitoring
–Capacity Planning
36
Telecommunications
Software
Network Management Software
37
Telecommunications
Software
Nielsen Media Research and Others: Network
Bandwidth Management Challenges
• Sharing Resources Increases Bandwidth
Requirements
• Need Clear Idea of Actual Bandwidth
Needs
• Gaming, Audio and Video Downloads
Are Large Users
• Analysis of Use Adds to Network
Efficiency
38
Network Topologies
• Topologies or Network
Structures
• Star
• Ring
• Bus
• Mesh
• Client/Server May Use Any
Combination
39
Network Topologies
Graphical Topology Examples
40
Network Architecture and
Protocols
• International Standards
Organization (ISO)
• The Seven-Layer Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) Model
• Five-Layer Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• OSI and TCP/IP Are Related to One
Another…
41
Network Architecture and
Protocols
TCP/IP
The OSI
Model
Application
Layer
Application or
Process Layer
Presentation
Layer
Session
Layer
• Provides communications services
for end user applications
• Provides appropriate data
transmission formats and codes
• Supports the accomplishment
of telecommunications sessions
Host-to-Host Transport Layer
Transport
Layer
• Supports the organization and
transfer of data between nodes in
the network
Internet Protocol (IP)
Network
Layer
• Provides appropriate routing by
establishing connections among
network links
Network Interface
Data Link
Layer
• Supports error-free organization
and transmission of data in the
network
Physical Layer
Physical
Layer
• Provides physical transmission of
data on the telecommunications
media in the network
42
Bandwidth Alternatives
•
•
•
•
Narrow Band
Medium Band
Broadband
Switching Alternatives
43
Bandwidth Alternatives
• Packet Switching Technology
• Cell Switching Technology
• Choices Made by Firms
44
Summary
• Telecommunications Trends
• The Internet Revolution
• The Business Value of the
Internet
• The Role of Intranets
• The Role of Extranets
• Telecommunications Networks
• Network Alternatives
45
Sumber Materi PPT
•
O’Brien, James A. (2005). Introduction
to Information Systems (12th Edition).
McGraw – Hill. Bab 6. Official PPT.
46