Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: J0324/Sistem e-Bisnis
: 2005
: 02/02
Pertemuan 9
Understanding Public B2B
Exchanges and Portals
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menguraikan konsep dan aplikasi portal
pertukaran informasi B2B
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
B2B Electronic Exchanges – An Overview
B2B Portals
Third Party (Trading) Exchanges
Consortium Trading Exchanges
3
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange
• The Problem
– Before the Internet, the B2B trading process
was slow, fragmented, ineffective, and costly
– Buyers paid too much, sellers had high
expenses, and intermediaries were needed to
smooth the trading process
4
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
• The Solution
– Traders meet electronically in a large Internet
marketplace
– Save on transaction costs, reduce cycle time,
and find new markets and trading partners
around the globe
5
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
– ChemConnect provides a trading marketplace
and an information portal to over 7,500
members in 135 countries
– Members are:
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•
•
•
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Producers
Consumers
Distributors
Traders
Intermediaries involved in the chemical industry
6
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
– Trading Center consists of 3 trading areas
1. Marketplace for buyers
2. Marketplace for sellers
3. Commodity market platform
7
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
– ChemConnect members use the Trading
Center to streamline sales and sourcing
processes by automating requests for quotes,
proposals, and finding new suppliers
– The center enables a member to negotiate
more efficiently with existing business
partners as well as with new companies the
member may invite to the table in complete
privacy
8
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
– The revenue model includes:
• members’ annual transaction fees
• monthly or annual subscription fees (for
trading and for auctions)
• fulfillment service fees
– Three trading locations provide up-to-theminute market information
– Business partners provide several support
services (payments, delivery, etc.)
9
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
• The Results
– Benefits of ChemConnect to its members are:
•
•
•
•
more efficient business processes
lower overall transaction costs
time saved during negotiations and biddings
sellers reach more buyers and liquidate
surpluses rapidly
10
ChemConnect: The World
Chemical Exchange (cont.)
• What we can learn…
– Electronic exchange is owned and operated
by a third-party intermediary
– Buyers and sellers, as well as other business
partners, congregate electronically to conduct
business
11
B2B Electronic Exchanges
• Public e-marketplaces (public exchanges):
Trading venues open to all interested parties
(sellers and buyers) and usually run by third
parties
• Exchange: A many-to-many e-marketplace. Also
known as e-marketplaces, e-markets, and
trading exchanges
12
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Market maker: The third-party that
operates an exchange (and in many
cases, also owns the exchange)
• Systematic sourcing: Purchasing done in
long-term supplier–buyer relationships
• Spot sourcing: Unplanned purchases
made as the need arises
13
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
14
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
15
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Vertical exchange: An exchange whose
members are in one industry or industry
segment
• Horizontal exchanges: Exchanges that
handle materials used by companies in
different industries
16
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Dynamic pricing: A rapid movement of
prices over time, and possibly across
customers, as a result of supply and
demand
17
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
•
Process that results in dynamic pricing in most
exchanges includes
1. A company posts a bid to buy a product or an offer
to sell one
2. Anonymity is often a key ingredient of dynamic
pricing
3. Buyers and sellers interact with bids and offers in
real time
4. A deal is struck when there is an exact match
between a buyer and a seller on price, volume, and
other variables such as location or quality
5. The deal is consummated, and payment and
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delivery are arranged
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Functions of exchanges
– Matching buyers and sellers
– Facilitating transactions
– Maintaining exchange policies and
infrastructure
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B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
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B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Ownership of exchanges
– An industry giant
– A neutral entrepreneur
– The consortia (or “third-party” co-op)
21
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Revenue models
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Transaction fees
Fee for service
Membership fees
Advertising fees
Other revenue
sources
22
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
• Governance and organization
– Membership
the community in the exchange
– Site access and security
information should be carefully protected
– Services provided by exchanges
provide many services to buyers and sellers
23
B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
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B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)
25
•
Source
: Turban, Efraim, David King,
Jae Lee and Dennis Viehland.
Electronic Commerce. A Managerial
Perspective (2004). Prentice Hall. PPT
for Chapter
:7
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