Precession and The Celestial Poles
The “North Celestial Pole” lies overhead for an observer at the
North Pole and on the horizon for an observer on the Equator
➔
The altitude of the pole equals your latitude.
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Precession and The Celestial Poles
The “North Celestial Pole” lies overhead for an observer at the
North Pole and on the horizon for an observer on the Equator
➔
The altitude of the pole equals your latitude.
To Pole
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Precession and The Celestial Poles
The “North Celestial Pole” lies overhead for an observer at the
North Pole and on the horizon for an observer on the Equator
➔
The altitude of the pole equals your latitude.
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The Celestial Poles
The “North Celestial Pole” lies overhead for an observer at the
North Pole and on the horizon for an observer on the Equator
➔
The altitude of the pole equals your latitude.
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Precession and The Celestial Poles
The rotating Earth makes it look like the Celestial Sphere is spinning about the celestial poles.
5 http://www.atscope.com.au/BRO/warpedsky.html
Polaris
In the Northern Hemisphere there is a star, not all that bright, near the North Celestial Pole.
➔
It resides at the end of the handle of the “Little Dipper” and is called
Polaris (for good reason – at least for now)
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In the Southern
Hemisphere there is no good pole star at present.
Polaris
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Precession
Because the Earth is a spinning top, the direction of its pole in the sky is fixed (at least from the perspective of a human lifetime).
➔
Of course, this consistency of tilt is related to the cause of the seasons.
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Precession
Over long periods of time, the direction of the Earth's pole drifts in the same way it does for a child's top or gyroscope.
➔
The drifting of the axis of a top is called “precession”
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Precession
It takes 26,000 years for the Earths pole to trace out a full circle on the sky.
➔
That circle is 47 degrees in diameter (2 x 23 ½)
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Precession
It takes 26,000 years for the Earths pole to trace out a full circle on the sky.
➔
That circle is 47 degrees in diameter (2 x 23 ½)
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Precession
Different stars occupy different positions above the Earth's pole over time.
➔
Polaris is currently getting further from the pole every year. Just how long will we hang on to it as our pole star???
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Consequences of Precession
Different Stars are circumpolar at different times.
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3000 years ago the Big Dipper was circumpolar at our latitude.
Stars that currently never rise above our Southern horizon will be visible.
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The Southern Cross will be visible from Charlottesville in 10,000 years.
Go home and prove it for yourself with Starry Night!
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The Sun and the Celestial Sphere
As the Earth orbits the Sun we seen the Sun in different locations against the backdrop of stars.
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The Earth reaches the same location in its orbit on the same calendar date each year.
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The Sun and the Celestial Sphere
As the Earth orbits the Sun we seen the Sun in different locations against the backdrop of stars.
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The path the Sun follows amongst the background of stars is nearly identical from year to year and is called the Ecliptic .
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The Sun and the Celestial Sphere
As the Earth orbits the Sun we seen the Sun in different locations against the backdrop of stars.
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The set of constellations through which the Sun passes is called the Zodiac .
The Sun lies in front of your “birthsign” constellation on your birthday.
The Visible Constellations Change Throughout the
Year
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What we see of the Universe at night depends on where the Earth is relative to the Sun.
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Our midnight sky is the direction in space opposite the direction to the
Sun
The Visible Constellations Change Throughout the
Year
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What we see of the Universe at night depends on where the Earth is relative to the Sun.
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As the Earth orbits the Sun our perspective on the night sky changes throughout the year.
The Visible Constellations Change Throughout the
Year
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What we see of the Universe at night depends on where the Earth is relative to the Sun.
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The Earth moves enough in one day to advance the setting time of a particular star by about 4 minutes 2 hours a month.
The Visible Constellations Change Throughout the
Year
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What we see of the Universe at night depends on where the Earth is relative to the Sun.
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At 8pm one month from now the sky will look as it does at 10 pm today.
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Constellations Change with Time
The stars are all moving relative to one another
These motions are perceptible to the eye only over thousands of years.
The constellations/asterisms known to us will be obsolete 100,000 years from now.
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Movie of the Changing Big Dipper