DC Kids Cover 2010:Layout 1 12/7/10 10:57 PM Page 2
in the District of Columbia
17TH ANNUAL FACT BOOK 2010
The D.C. KIDS COUNT Collaborative for Children and Families is a unique alliance of public and private organizations using
research to support advocacy for change in human, social, and economic policies and practices of government, the private sector,
individuals, families, neighborhoods, and communities. Its mission is to advocate for the interests and wellbeing of children and
families and to ensure their healthy development and future in the District of Columbia. An organizing goal of the Collaborative is
to build a strong and serious child and family support movement in the Nation’s Capital.
Since the formation in 1990 of the Collaborative’s predecessor organization, the Coalition for Children and Families, over 87
individuals and organizations representing a broad and diverse group of advocates, service providers, government policy makers,
universities, fraternal and volunteer organizations, and local citizens have been a part of the group.
The Collaborative supports a comprehensive approach to community building, but is focusing its research and advocacy efforts on the
Administration’s six citywide goals for children and youth: children are ready for school; children and youth succeed in school;
children and youth are healthy and practice healthy behaviors; children and youth engage in meaningful activities; children and youth
live in healthy, stable, and supportive families; and all youth make a successful transition onto adulthood.
The D. C. KIDS COUNT Collaborative for Children and Families consists of:
D.C. Children’s Trust Fund for the Prevention of Child Abuse, lead organization responsible for:
• Overall fiscal and management responsibility
• Data collection, analysis and evaluation
• Production of publications
Partner Agencies*
Child and Family Services Agency
Columbia Heights/Shaw Family Strengthening Collaborative
D.C. Action for Children
D.C. Children and Youth Investment Trust Corporation
D.C. Public Library
East River Family Strengthening Collaborative
Edgewood/Brookland Family Support Collaborative
Far Southeast Family Strengthening Collaborative
George Washington University, School of Public Health and Health Services
Georgia Avenue/Rock Creek East Family Support Collaborative
Healthy Families/Thriving Communities Collaborative Council
Office of the Mayor, Ward 7
Office of the State Superintendent of Schools
The Urban Institute, NeighborhoodInfo DC
For more information about our partner agencies, please visit www.dckidscount.org.
*The views and opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the official position of the partner agencies,
their boards, or their funders.
The D.C. KIDS COUNT initiative and this publication have been made possible with generous support from the Annie E. Casey
Foundation and the Victoria Casey and Peter Teeley Foundation.
Copyright © 2010. D.C. KIDS COUNT Collaborative for Children and Families
Any or all portions of this report may be reproduced without prior permission, provided that the source is cited as:
Every KID COUNTS in the District of Columbia: Seventeenth Annual Fact Book, 2010,
D.C. KIDS COUNT Collaborative for Children and Families.
The data and analysis in this Fact Book were prepared by Jennifer Comey, Kaitlin Franks, Zach McDade,
URBAN
INSTITUTE and Ashley Williams of the Urban Institute’s NeighborhoodInfo DC.; and, graduate students of the
George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services: Nicole Ellenberger, Sapna
Khatri, and Kajal Patel. For more information, go to www.NeighborhoodInfoDC.org or www.urban.org.
We appreciate your comments!
Every KID COUNTS in the District of Columbia:
17th Annual Fact Book 2010 Survey
Please help us provide a high-quality Fact Book that meets your needs for information on the status of
children in the District of Columbia. Complete the following User Survey and
mail or fax it back to us at: D.C. CHILDREN’S TRUST FUND,
1112 11th Street, N.W., Suite B, Washington, DC 20001; 202- 299-0901 (fax), 202-299-0900 (phone).
1. Which of the following best describes your line of work?
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.
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2. Which of the following best describes your job duties?
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3. How are you planning to use the 2010 Fact Book?
(check all that apply)
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4. How often do you plan to use the 2010 Fact Book?
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5. Please rate the usefulness of the following aspects of
the 2010 Fact Book on a scale from 1 to 5.
(1=Excellent, 2=Very Good, 3=Good, 4=Fair, 5=Poor)
Format of the 2010 Fact Book
1
2
3
4
5
3
4
5
3
4
5
4
5
Selected Indicators
1
2
Ward Charts
1
2
Neighborhood Charts/Maps
1
2
3
Data Definitions and Sources
1
2
3
4
5
6. What topics or information would you like to see
included in future Fact Books?
(Please be as specific as possible.)
____________________________________________________________________
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Thank you for your valuable feedback!
EVERY KID COUNTS
in the District of Columbia
17th ANNUAL FACT BOOK 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
17th Annual Fact Book 2010 Survey
previous page
Letter from the D.C. Children’s Trust Fund
3
I.
Washington, D.C.’s Report Card for 2010
4
II.
2010 Recommendations and Strategies
6
III.
Selected Indicators of Child Well-Being in the District of Columbia
Children Are Ready for School
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice Healthy Behaviors
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful Activities
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable, and Supportive Families
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to Adulthood
8
8
10
16
27
32
53
IV.
Selected Indicators of Child Well-Being by Ward and Race/Ethnicity
59
V.
A Few Words About the Data
62
VI.
Acknowledgments
68
LIST OF GRAPHS AND TABLES
Vaccination Coverage: 3 or More Shots for Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, D.C. and the United States 2000 - 2009
Share of Private-School and Public-School Kindergarten Students Starting School with Full Vaccination Coverage, District of Columbia, School Year 2009-10
Federally Funded Head Start Enrollment, 2004-2008
Number of Children Enrolled in Preschool and Prekindergarten, School Years 2001-02 - 2009-10
Number of Public School Students Enrolled by School Type, District of Columbia, School Year 1990-91 - 2009-10
Racial/Ethnic Composition of Public School Enrollment in D.C., School Year 2009-10
Percent of DCPS and D.C. Public Charter School Students, Eligible for Free and Reduced Price Lunch, School Years 2007-08 - 2009-10
Percent of Public School Students Testing Proficient or Advanced in Reading & Math, Spring 2009 & 2010
Percent of Public School Students Testing Proficient or Above in Math by Grade Level, Spring 2009 & 2010
Percent of Public School Students Testing Proficient or Above in Reading, Spring 2009 & 2010
SAT Math and Verbal Scores, College-Bound Public School Seniors, D.C. and Nation 2009 - 2010
Number of Students with Individualized Education Plans, 2001-02 -2009-10
Number of English Language Learners, 2001-02 -2009-10
Percentage of Births to Mothers Receiving Adequate Prenatal Care, District of Columbia, 1999 - 2007
Percentage of Births to Mothers Receiving Adequate Prenatal Care in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity, 2003 - 2007
Percentage of Births to Mothers Receiving Adequate Prenatal Care in D.C. by Ward, 2000 - 2007
Percent of Low-Weight Birth Infants in D.C., 1989-2007
Percent of Low-Weight Birth Infants in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity, 2003-2007
Percent of Low-Weight Birth Infants in D.C. by Ward, 2000-2007
Infant Mortality Rate Under One-Year Old in D.C., 1998-2007
Infant Mortality Rate Under One-Year Old in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity, 2003-2007
Infant Mortality Rate Under One-Year Old in D.C. by Ward, 2005-2007
Number of Child and Teen Deaths by Age Group in D.C., 2000-2007
Number of Child and Teen Deaths by Age Group in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity, 2007
Number of Child and Teen Deaths by Age Group by Ward in D.C., 2007
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Table of Contents cont’d
Mental, Behavioral and Development Conditions, 2007
Percent of Overweight and Obese High School Public Students in D.C., 1999-2007
Cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis, Diagnosed in People Under Age 20 in D.C., 1998-2008
Cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis, Diagnosed in People Under Age 20 in D.C. by Ward, 2006-2007
AIDS and HIV Cases Diagnosed Among Children 12-Years Old, and Younger in D.C., 2004 - 2008
AIDS and HIV Cases Diagnosed Among Children 13- to 19- Years Old in D.C., 2004 - 2008
Proportion of Formal Delinquency Petitions Against Juveniles, 2007-2009
Number of Petitions Against Juveniles for Acts Against Persons, 2007-2009
Number of Petitions Against Juveniles for Acts Against Public Order, 2007-2009
Number of Petitions Against Juveniles for Drug Law Violations, 2007-2009
Number of Petitions Against Juveniles for Acts Against Property, 2007-2009
Violent Deaths to Teens Age 15- to 19-Years Old, (Accidents, Suicides and Murders), 1999 - 2007
Violent Deaths to Teens Age 15- to 19-Years Old by Race/Ethnicity, (Accidents, Suicides and Murders), 2001 - 2007
Violent Deaths to Teens Age 15- to 19-Years Old by Ward, (Accidents, Suicides and Murders), 2004 - 2007
Population of Children and Adults in D.C., 1960-2009
Number of Children by Race/Ethnicity in the District, 2000-2009
Number of Adults by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2009 in the District
Foreign Born Parents in D.C., 2009
Births to D.C. Residents, 1990-2007
Births to D.C. Residents by Race/Ethnicity, 2003-2007
Births to D.C. Residents by Ward, 2001-2007
Number of Jobs in D.C., 1991-2009
Number of Employed Residents in D.C., 1995-2009
Unemployment Rate for D.C., 1995-2009
Unemployment Rate for D.C. by Ward, 2000-2009
Percent of Children Under 18 Living in Families where No Parent Has Full-time, Year-Round Employment, 2008
Estimated Poverty Rates with Confidence Intervals in D.C. 2009
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for TANF Assistance in D.C., 1998-2010
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for TANF Assistance by Race/Ethnicity in D.C., 2009-2010
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for TANF Assistance by Ward in D.C., 2009-2010
Number of Children and Youth who Applied for and Were Eligible for Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program
(SCHIP) in D.C., 2000-2009
Number of Children and Youth who Applied for and Were Eligible for Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program
(SCHIP) by Ward in D.C., 2000-2009
Number of Children Applied and Eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) in D.C., 2001-2010
Number of Children Applied and Eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) by Race/Ethnicity in D.C., 2009-2010
Number of Children Applied and Eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) by Ward in D.C., 2008-2009
Subsidized Child Care Programs in D.C., 2000 - 2010
Snapshot of the Number of Homeless in D.C., January 2001- January 2010
Share of Children Under Age 18 by Family Type, 2010
Estimated Poverty Rates by Household Types with Children in D.C., 2009
Grandparent Caregivers in D.C., 2009
Percent of Births to Single Mothers in D.C., 1988-2007
Percent of Births to Single Mothers by Race/Ethnicity in D.C., 2003-2007
Percent of Births to Single Mothers by Ward in D.C., 2000-2007
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C., 1989-2007
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity, 2003-2007
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C. by Ward, 2000-2007
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C. by Age Group, 2001-2007
Number of Substantiated Cases of Abuse and Neglect, Fiscal Years 2005-2009
Number of Substantiated Cases of Abuse and Neglect by Ward, Fiscal Year 2009
Number of Children and Youth in the Foster Care System in D.C., FY2003-FY2010
Disposition of Civil Orders of Protection Against Domestic Violence, D.C. Superior Court, 2009
Cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis, Diagnosed in People Ages 20-24 in D.C., 1999-2008
AIDS/HIV Cases Diagnosed Among People Ages 20-24 in D.C., 2004-2008
Number of Older Youth in the CFSA Foster Care System in D.C., FY2006- FY2010
Violent Deaths to 20- to 24-Year Olds in D.C., 1999 - 2007
Violent Deaths to 20- to 24-Year Olds in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity, 2003 - 2007
Violent Deaths to 20- to 24-Year Olds in D.C. by Ward, 2004 - 2007
Educational Attainment for 18- to 24-Year Olds in The District, 2006-2008
Share of Young Adults Not Enrolled in College by Employment Status in the District, 2006-2008
D.C. Graduation Rate, 2008-2009
Number of Children in Out-Of-School Programs, School Year 2009-2010
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Table IV-1: Comparing District Wards on Indicators of Child Health, Mortality and Child Welfare Recipiency, Washington, D.C.
Table IV-2: Comparing Racial and Ethnic Groups on Indicators of Child Health, Mortality and Child Welfare Recipiency, Washington, D.C.
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D.C. CHILDREN’S TRUST FUND
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A Resource for Strengthening Families and Protecting Children
_
Dear Colleague:
We are pleased to provide the Every KID COUNTS in the District of Columbia, 17th Annual Fact Book, 2010. The Fact Book is a
comprehensive data source for indicators of child well-being in the District, providing up-to-date, accurate data in the areas of population
trends, economic security, family attachment, community support, homeless children and families, child health, safety and personal
security, education, and selected indicators by ward, neighborhood cluster, region, race, and ethnicity.
The book and data indicators are organized according to the Administration’s six citywide goals for children and youth. The goal of the
T organization is to make it easier to see the impact of current efforts and match outcomes to the resources allocated to each goal. To our
new and on-going partners and contributors, thank you for your diligent work. Due to the Collaborative’s access to more numerous local
resources, the data contained in this Fact Book are more comprehensive than the data presented in the 2010 National KIDS COUNT
Data Book, released in June by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. Selected data in this book, therefore, may show improvement and/or a
decline in some of the indicators of child well-being that were not captured in the national book.
T
The book tracks 37 indicators of child wellbeing. This year’s findings show improvement in 15 indicators, no change in three indicators,
and 19 indicators have worsened. This year, we also offer data on new indicators: the number of foreign-born residents, the number of
English learners, the number of children with special educational needs, and the number of children who have mental health needs. We
are encouraged by the increase in the combined SAT scores; however, students scored lower on the DCCAS test than the previous year.
We are also encouraged by the increase in the number of children enrolled in Head Start, Preschool, and Pre-kindergarten; the reduction
in the number of adjudicated youth, and the reduction in the number of children living in foster care. However, we are concerned about
the increase in infant, child, and youth deaths; and, the increase in the number of children who have been abused or neglected. While
B there has been a decrease in overall juvenile offenses, the number of crimes against persons has increased. The indicators on poverty have
not been updated since last year; however, there has been an increase in the number of children who have applied for and are eligible for
federal assistance and a sharp increase in the number of people who are unemployed (10.2%). These increases indicate a rise in poverty.
The number of persons who are literally homeless continues to rise. In addition to reducing the number of persons who are literally
homeless and reducing youth violence against persons, we continue to call on the District to provide increased job training and placement
for residents, to offer family support services for families whose children attend early learning centers, and to offer respite care services for
B single-headed households to reduce stress and prevent families from going into crisis.
At this time, the District government is cutting programs that serve vulnerable families to address a deficit in the 2011 budget.
Predictions for 2012 are dire. Rather than make additional cuts in 2012, the D.C. KIDS COUNT Collaborative recommends that the
government undertake revenue enhancement initiatives. Services provided for vulnerable families cannot endure more cuts without
seriously jeopardizing the safety net. We cannot allow our children to pay the price as families and communities struggle during these
perilous times. We must support proven strategies for building strong families and preventing child abuse and neglect. Prevention is part
of the core safety net and is the first response to families under stress. Prevention reduces costs by lightening social service caseloads,
T preserving families, improving school success, and the successful transition to adulthood.
T
We urge you to examine the data and recommendations, and use them to support and guide your efforts to enhance the conditions for
children and families in the community and in their homes. To obtain copies of the Fact Book, please visit our D.C. KIDS COUNT
website at www.dckidscount.org. The entire contents of the Fact Book, as well as other KIDS COUNT related information, are available
on our website. These data are also available on the National KIDS COUNT Database. For training on how to access and utilize the data
on the national database or our new database, please contact us.
If you are interested in joining the D.C. KIDS COUNT Collaborative, please call the Trust Fund at (202) 299-0900 or write
info@dcctf.org.
Sincerely,
Kinaya C. Sokoya, Executive Director
DC Children’s Trust Fund1
T
·
Suite 800 ·
Washington, D.C. 20005
· Fax: 202-434-8781 · E-mail: info@dcctf.org · Website: www.dcctf.org
_______________________________________________________________________________
1200
Street,N.W.
N.W.
· • Suite
800
D.C. DC
20005
1112
11thGStreet,
Suite
B · • Washington,
Washington,
20001
Telephone:
202-434-8780
·
Fax:
202-434-8781
·
E-mail:
info@dcctf.org
·
Website:
www.dcctf.org
Telephone: 202-299-0900 • Fax: 202- 299-0901 • E-mail: info@dcctf.org • Website:www.dcctf.org
I.
Washington, D.C.’s ”Report Card” for 2010
change was for the better, for the worse, or has remained the
same. For some indicators, like employed residents of the
District, an increase will generally be a change for the better.
In other cases, such as share of mothers receiving inadequate
care, it will be a change for the worse. For a few indicators,
such as children receiving food stamps, a decrease will
usually indicate an improving situation, with more children
and their families rising out of poverty. But a decrease might
also mean that some children and families are not getting the
economic assistance they may need.
T
he District’s Report Card, inaugurated in 2000, is
meant to provide a quick snapshot of the changes
shown by several key indicators for the year, rather
than a complete summary of the situation. Before reaching
any conclusions based on information contained in the
Report Card, readers are advised to consult the full text.
The Report Card shows the most recent year for which we
have data on each indicator and whether that indicator has
increased, decreased, or stayed the same from the previous
reported year. Additional columns indicate whether the
4
Washington, D.C.’s ”Report Card” for 2010
Changes Since 2009 Fact Book on Indices of Children's Well-Being
Indicator (Year of Latest Data in Parentheses)
Children Are Ready for School
3+DTP Vaccination Rate (2009)
Preschool and Pre-Kindergarten Enrollment (2009-10)
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Overall Public School Enrollment (2009-10)
DCPS Student Enrollment (2009-10)**
Public Charter Student Enrollment (2009-10)
Combined Math/Reading Scores on SAT (2010)
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice Healthy Behaviors
Percent of Mothers with Adequate Prenatal Care (2007)***
Percent of Low-Birth Weight Infants (2007)***
Infant Mortality Rate (2007)
Number of Child and Youth 0-24 Deaths (2007)
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful Activities
Formal Petitions Against Juveniles (2010)
Total
Acts Against Persons
Acts Against Public Order**
Drug Law Violations
Acts Against Property
Violent Deaths to Youth 15-19 (2007)
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable, and Supportive Families
Child Population (2009)**
New Births (2007)***
Number of Jobs (2009)
Employed Residents (2009)
Single Motherhood (2009/2010)* **
Unemployment Rate (2009)
Poverty Rate - Overall (2009/2010)* **
Poverty Rate - Children (2009/2010)* **
Children Applied and Eligible for Federal Assistance
TANF (2010)
Medicaid/SCHIP (2009)***
SNAP (2010
Children Served by Subsidized Child Care (2010)
DCPS Out-of-School Time Programs
Division of Early Chidhood Education
Homelessness in the District (2010)
Literally homeless
Permanently-supportive housing
Percent of Births to Single Mothers (2007)***
Percent of Births to Teenage Mothers (2007)***
Substantiated Cases of Child Abuse and Neglect (2009)
Number of Children and Youth in Foster Care (2010)
Civil Protection Orders Against Domestic Violence Adjudicated in Superior Court (2009)
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to Adulthood
Violent Deaths to Young Adults 20-24 (2007)
Increased (+),
Decreased (-),
or Same (=)
Changed
for the
Better
+
+
X
X
+
=
+
+
X
=
+
+
X
X
X
X
X
X
+
+
+
+
+
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
+
*CPS derived measure is a weighted average of 2009 and 2010
** Changed by only one person or one case; by no more than one point or one percent; or the change was not greater than the designated confidence interval.
***Not updated in 2010 Kids Count Fact Book
5
No Change
X
X
+
=
+
+
-
Changed
for the
Worse
X
X
II.
The 17th Annual Every KID COUNTS in the District of Columbia Fact Book
2010 RECOMMENDATIONS & STRATEGIES
T
he 2010 recommendations and
strategies were developed based
on a review of the 2009
recommendations and research
completed by the D.C. KIDS
COUNT Collaborative partner
agencies. We strongly believe that
concerted efforts can make these
recommendations a reality for the
betterment of children, youth, and
families in the District of Columbia.
The Collaborative recommends the
following as the top three priorities for
2011:
u
u
u
Maintain the safety net for
vulnerable families;
Develop a continuum of services for
the unemployed and
underemployed, including
workforce development/job
readiness, literacy, and job
placement services. Create a public
service jobs program that is
attached to TANF and
Unemployment to provide much
needed human resources for nonprofit organizations, work place
training for participants, and ensure
that critical services continue to be
provided for vulnerable families;
Reduce educational, social, and
health disparities among diverse
groups.
The following strategies should be
incorporated in all services offered:
u
Services provided should be
culturally competent and
linguistically accessible;
u
Offer services and programs for
families that foster parental
resilience, social connections,
knowledge of parenting and child
development, concrete support in
times of need, and social and
emotional competence of children.
u
Require schools to develop
engagement strategies to increase
parent involvement;
u
Conduct research on the various
educational achievement factors
utilized in the Public Charter
School System and
implement/duplicate these
successful factors in the DCPS.
I. Children Are Ready for School
u
u
u
Maintain funding for early learning
programs;
Continue to support and provide
Universal Pre-K for all children in
the District of Columbia;
Incorporate support services for
families that prevent child abuse
and neglect by fostering parental
resilience, social connections,
knowledge of parenting and child
development, concrete support in
times of need, and social and
emotional competence of children.
III. Children and Youth Are
Healthy and Practice Healthy
Behaviors
u
Increase public education efforts
about sexually transmitted diseases
and HIV/AIDS;
u
Increase health education about
diabetes treatment, heart disease,
and asthma in low income
communities;
u
Establish more substance abuse
treatment programs for adolescents
and parents;
u
Promote infant massage to enhance
infant physical and emotional
development;
u
Increase prenatal breastfeeding
education efforts to ensure that all
pregnant mothers are made aware
of the benefits of breastfeeding and
the risks of not breastfeeding so
they can make an informed feeding
decision concerning their babies.
II. Children and Youth Succeed
in School
u
Increase high school graduation
rates;
u
Increase the standardized test scores
of students in reading and math;
u
Provide supports to decrease the
achievement gap;
u
Provide mentoring and counseling
on the college admissions process to
students to increase the number
who are admitted to college;
6
IV. Children and Youth Engage
in Meaningful Activities
u
u
u
Board, the Mayor’s Advisory
Committee on Early Childhood
Development (MACECD), the
Mayor’s Advisory Committee on
Domestic Violence, and the Child
Fatality Review Committee should
be re-established or re-invigorated;
Expand nonviolent conflict
resolution education programs;
Enhance neighborhood safety to
enable children and youth to use
neighborhood playgrounds without
fear;
u
Increase the opportunity for youth
to have college preparedness and
meaningful work experiences;
u
u
Enhance recreation center based
enrichment activities consistently
across all Wards for teens and older
youth;
u
Involve the companies and
developers that are doing business
in the community to create
internships, job shadowing and
mentoring opportunities for teens
and older youth.
u
Establish a multi-disciplinary team
of scholars, services providers and
residents to develop a citywide
social-ecological plan to prevent
child abuse and neglect and to
reduce the number of children
entering and re-entering care,
including the expansion of
community based resources and the
development (via contract services)
of an Intensive Family Preservation
Program;
Reestablish mechanisms for
community input. Committees
such as the Mayor’s Advisory
Committee on Child Abuse and
Neglect, the Citizen’s Review
Establish a citywide Parent
Leadership Team to ensure the
voices of parents are included in
decision-making. This group could
also provide support for parents
who have children in the child
welfare system to facilitate
reunification;
u
Redefine the role of foster parents
of children with the goal of
reunification and develop resources
and training to assure that the
intended custodial parent is as fully
engaged and as supported as
possible;
u
Provide families with support to
foster the five protective factors for
child well-being;
V. Children and Youth Live in
Healthy, Stable, and Supportive
Families
u
Enhance parent support efforts.
Conduct an inventory of all parent
support groups in the District.
Identify the curriculum each uses,
capacity and utilization;
u
u
Develop and implement a
differential response system for
families in crisis. Appoint a
Differential Response Task Force
that assures the implementation
plan maximizes the role of the
Community Collaboratives,
identifies the true costs of
implementation, and positively
impacts as many families as
possible;
Educate the public, including new
immigrants and non-English
speaking residents, on the child
abuse and neglect laws;
7
u
Encourage the participation and
involvement of fathers in all family
support programs;
u
Establish and/or expand respite care
services for parents of children with
special needs and single heads-ofhouseholds;
u
Increase the number of affordable
housing units for low-income
families;
u
Continue to provide housing with
necessary case management and
clinical support for persons
struggling with addictions,
HIV/AIDS, and mental illness.
VI. All Youth Make a Successful
Transition to Adulthood
u
Expand life skills, education and
mentoring programs, including
information on non-violent conflict
resolution, healthy relationships,
employment skills, and sexual
health information and prevention
efforts.
u
Integrate a youth development
approach to youth services.
u
Engage with the community to
create support systems for
transitioning youth.
u
Utilize a multi-sector approach with
collaboration among agencies to
service youth, especially those
involved in the foster care and
juvenile justice systems.
III.
Children Are Ready for School
Vaccination Coverage: The 3+ DTP vaccination rate in 2009 increased from last
year’s six-year low, but remained below the national average.
Vaccination Coverage: 3 or More Shots for Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
D.C. and the United States 2000 - 2009
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
District of Columbia
90.8
91.6
94.2
96.5
98.0
94.4
96.5
97.9
92.5
94.3
The 3+ DTP vaccination rate in the
District increased 1.8 percentage
points in 2009 to 94.3 percent of
District children. The 2008 District
vaccination rate was the lowest share of
children vaccinated since the 2001 rate
of 91.6 percent. For the second year in
a row, the District vaccination rate was
lower than the average national
vaccination rate of 95.0 percent.
United States
94.1
94.3
94.9
96.0
95.9
96.1
95.8
95.5
96.2
95.0
Source: U.S. National Immunization Survey
Vaccination Coverage: Public school students entering kindergarten in 2009
met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention target for all seven required
vaccinations.
The share of kindergarten students
entering private school with full
vaccination coverage fell short of targets
by less than one percentage point for six
vaccines, by 1.1 percent for hepatitis B
at 93.9 percent, and by 10.7 percent for
varicella at 84.3 percent.
Share of Private-School and Public-School Kindergarten Students
Starting School with Full Vaccination Coverage in the District
School Year 2009-10
100
Percent of kindergarten students
At the start of the 2009-10 school year,
the District met the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention target of having
at least 95 percent of the public school
kindergarteners with the following
vaccinations: poliovirus, diphtheria,
tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, varicella
and the MMR series (measles, mumps
and rubella) vaccines. The influenza
vaccination is not a mandatory
vaccination; however, over two-thirds of
the entering public school kindergarteners had received this vaccine.
Private School
80
Public School
60
40
20
0
MMR
(measles,
mumps,
rubella)
Polio (3+)
Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Private School
94.3
94.2
94.2
94.2
94.6
93.9
84.3
60.2
Public School
98.2
97.7
97.7
97.7
98.8
98.2
95.7
70.1
Source: CDC, School Immunization Assessment Survey
8
Hepatitis B Varicella (1) Influenza
Children Are Ready for School
Head Start Enrollment: Federally-funded Head Start enrollment increased for a
second year in a row in 2010
Federally-funded Head Start enrollment
reached 3,536 students in the District in
the 2010 school year, an increase of 3
percent from the 2009 school year, or
113 children. After remaining constant
from the 2004 school year to the 2008
school year at 3,403 students, this is the
second year in a row in which federallyfunded Head Start enrollment increased.
Federally-Funded Head Start Enrollment in the District
2004-2010
Funded Head Start Enrollment
3,550
3.536
3,500
3,450
3,423
3,403
3,403
3,403
3,403
3,403
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
3,400
3,350
3,300
2009
2010
Source: Office of State Superintendent of Education (OSSE), Division of Early Childhood Education, Pre-kindergarten/Head
Start Collaboration Programs
Preschool and Pre-K Enrollment: Enrollment in public preschool and
pre-kindergarten classes has steadily increased over the past eight years.
Compared with the previous
school year (2008–09), DCPS
preschool enrollment increased 15
percent and DCPS prekindergarten enrollment decreased
18 percent. Enrollment in public
charter early education programs
has grown dramatically over the
past seven years. During the
2009–10 school year, enrollment
in public charter preschool
classrooms increased 20 percent
from the previous school year, and
enrollment in pre-kindergarten
programs at public charter schools
increased 13 percent between
school years 2008-09 and
2009-10.
Number of Children Enrolled in Preschool and Pre-kindergarten
School Year 2001-02 – 2009-10
District of Columbia
5,000
4,500
4,000
Number of Students
Overall, 8,242 children were
enrolled in public preschool and
pre-kindergarten classes (both
DCPS and public charter) during
the 2009–10 school year. This was
a 16 percent increase in total
preschool and pre-kindergarten
enrollment compared to the
2008-09 school year.
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Pre-kindergarten
Preschool
Public Charter
DCPS
51
97
283
263
491
493
728
1,169
1,397
344
338
436
820
942
1,180
1,412
1,880
2,115
1,074
1,277
1,425
1,366
1,301
1,583
1,360
1,537
1,773
3,023
2,993
2,926
2,952
2,950
2,843
2,931
2,507
2,957
Source: Office of the State Superintendent of Education, October Audited Enrollment Data
9
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Public School Enrollment: Overall total public school enrollment increased
slightly in the 2009-10 school year.
Number of Public School Students Enrolled by School Type
District of Columbia
School Years 1990-91 - 2009-10
90,000
80,000
Number of Students
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
DCPS
Public Charter
80,694
80,618
80,937
80,678
80,450
79,802
78,648
77,111
71,889
70,762
68,925
65,821
64,272
61,567
58,693
55,298
52,645
49,422
45,190
44,718
*
3,594
6,980
9,881
10,679
11,452
13,715
15,497
17,473
19,733
21,947
25,729
27,660
75
361
333
Other/Contracted**
Source: School year 1990-91 from the 2000 Kids Count archives; school years 2001-02 through 2009-10 from the
Office of State Superintendent of Education, October Audited Enrollment Data
* 1997-98 public charter enrollment data are not available.
** Other/Contracted: in 2007-08 includes Oak Hill, which was a DCPS altertnative school in 2006-07, in 2008-09
and 2009-10 includes Oak Hill and Pre-K Incentive
Overall, 72,711 students were enrolled
in DCPS and public charter schools
during the 2009–10 school year,
according to the audited reports
overseen by the Office of the State
Superintendent of Education. The
District’s total public school enrollment
increased by 2 percent from school year
2008-09 when 71,280 students were
enrolled. The decline in DCPS student
enrollment began to flatten out in
2009–10, decreasing by only 472
students (or 1 percent) from the
previous school year. As of the 2009–10
school year, 27,660 students were
enrolled in public charter schools, an
increase of 8 percent (or 1,931 students)
from the previous year. An additional
333 students attended New Beginnings
(formerly Oak Hill) and the Pre-K
Incentive Program in the 2009-10
school year, down 28 students (or 8
percent) from the previous school year.
Public School Enrollment: Public charter schools continue to have a slightly
greater share of African American and Hispanic students than DCPS schools in
school year 2009-10.
Racial/Ethnic Composition of DCPS Student Body in D.C.
School Year 2009-10
Public
13% 5,818 Hispanic
Charter
DCPS
Schools
9% 3,889 White
13%
3,627 Hispanic
3%
758 White
1%
2%
76%
273 Asian/Other
988 Asian/Other
83%
34,023 African American
23,002 African American
Total Enrollment = 27,660
Total Enrollment = 44,718
Source: Office of the State Superintendent of Education 2009 audited report
compared with 76 percent of all DCPS students. The
share of white public school students that attended a
DCPS school was 9 percent compared with 3 percent of
white students attending public charter schools in 2009–
10. DCPS and public charter schools had the same share
of Hispanic students at 13 percent each.
The racial breakdown of the student populations
continues to be similar between DCPS and public
charter schools; however, public charter schools have
slightly larger shares of African American students than
DCPS. In the 2009–10 school year, 83 percent of all
public charter school students were African American,
10
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Free Lunch: The number of public school students eligible for free or reducedprice lunches increased in the 2009-10 school year.
The Office of the State Superintendent of
Education tracks school feeding program
eligibility for DCPS and public charter school
students. The percent of students eligible for free
and reduced price lunch continues to be higher in
the public charter schools compared to DCPS. As
of November 2009, 75.4 percent of DCPS
students and 80.2 percent of public charter
school students were eligible for free or reducedpriced lunch. The number of students eligible for
lunch assistance has increased in each of the
previous three years, from 65.2 percent of DCPS
students and 71.3 percent of PCSB students in
the 2007-08 school year.
Percent of DCPS and D.C. Public Charter School Students
Eligible for Free and Reduced Price Lunch
School Years 2007-08 - 2009-10
DCPS
PCSB
100
80.2
80
71.3
71.9
75.4
74.6
Percent
65.2
60
40
20
0
2009-10
2008-10
2007-08
School Year
Source: Office of State Superintedent of Education
Note: Data are the number of children eligible in November of each school year.
Math and Reading Performance: In school year 2009-10, DCPS and public
charter students scored lower on the DCCAS test than the previous year.
Percent of Public School Students Testing Proficient or Advanced in Reading & Math
Spring 2009 & 2010
All Public School Students
Reading
Math
DCPS Students
Public Charter Students
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
47%
46%
44%
44%
46%
45%
42%
41%
49%
48%
48%
50%
Note: All public school students include DCPS and public charter students.
Source: D.C. Public Schools and Public Charter School Board Authority
On average, 44 percent of all public school students
(which includes DCPS and public charter schools)
tested proficient or advanced across the seven grades
(3rd–8th and 10th) on the math test in spring 2010, a 2
percentage point decrease from spring of 2009. Of the
DCPS students tested in 2010, 41 percent of students
scored proficient or above in math, a decrease of 4
percentage points from 2009. Of the public charter
students tested in 2010, 50 percent of students scored
proficient or above on the math test, a 2 percentage
point increase from 2009.
On average, 44 percent of all public school students
(which includes DCPS and public charter schools)
tested proficient or advanced across the seven grades
tested (3rd–8th and 10th) on the reading test in spring
2010, a 3 percentage point decrease from spring 2009.
Of the DCPS students tested in 2010, 42 percent of
students scored proficient or above, a decrease of 4
percentage points from 2009. Of the public charter
students tested in 2010, 48 percent of students scored
proficient or above on the reading test, a decrease of 1
percentage point from 2009.
11
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Math Performance: In spring 2010, students from public charter schools tested
higher than their DCPS counterparts in math for six of the seven grades tested.
Percent of Students Testing Proficient or Above
Percent of Public School Students Testing Proficient or Above in Math
Spring 2009 & 2010
70
63
62
59
60
53
50
40
53
2009
49 50
47
45 46
45
38
37
46
44
44
46
2010
44
42 43
42
40
38
39
38
37
35
41
30
20
10
0
Public
Charter
DCPS
3
Public
Charter
DCPS
4
Public
Charter
DCPS
Public
Charter
DCPS
6
5
Public
Charter
DCPS
7
Public
Charter
DCPS
8
DCPS
Public
Charter
10
Grade Level
Source: D.C. Public Schools, Public Charter School Board, and Board of Education.
percent of public charter students achieved these score
standards.
The percentage of students that tested proficient or
above in math varied widely across individual grade
levels. As with reading scores, students from public
charter schools tested higher than their DCPS
counterparts in six of the seven grades tested. While the
difference in these test scores varies by only a few
percentage points in some grades (such as 5th), the gap
between the scores of students attending PCSB schools
and students attending DCPS schools is largest among
7th and 8th graders, with a score gap of more than 20
percentage points. The smallest discrepancy in students
scoring proficient or above was among 4th graders; 45
percent of DCPS scored proficient or above, and 46
A majority of grade levels across the District’s schools
improved the percentage of students scoring proficient
or above in math. Six of seven PCSB grades showed
improvements in the share of students scoring proficient
or above in math. Only two DCPS grades -7th and 8th
– showed an improvement in math proficiency scores
The greatest improvements in the percent of students
scoring proficient or above were achieved by PCSB 8th
graders (an increase of 9 percentage points) and PCSB
7th graders (an increase of 4 percentage points).
12
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Reading Performance: In spring 2010, students from public charter schools tested
higher than their DCPS counterparts in reading for six of the seven grades tested.
Percent of Public School Students Testing Proficient or Above in Reading
Spring 2009 & 2010
Percent of Students Testing Proficient or Above
The percentage of students
that test proficient or above in
reading also varies widely
across individual grade levels.
Students from public charter
schools tested higher than their
DCPS counterparts in six of
the seven grades tested. While
the difference in these test
scores varies by only a few
percentage points or not at all
for the earlier grades, the gap
between the scores of students
attending charter schools and
students attending DCPS
schools in the later grades is
more substantial, except for in
10th grade. For example, the
share of DCPS 8th grade
students scoring proficient or
above in reading was 40
percent in 2010, while 59
percent of public charter 8th
graders scored the same.
70
59
60
50
56
56
50
48
46
45
42
41
40
48
45
45
47
2009
41
39
2010
45
45
42
40
56
51
51
41
39 40
37
41
39
30
20
10
0
Public
Charter
DCPS
Public
Charter
DCPS
3
4
Public
Charter
DCPS
5
Public
Charter
DCPS
6
Public
Charter
DCPS
7
Public
Charter
DCPS
8
DCPS
Public
Charter
10
Grade Level
Source: D.C. Public Schools, Public Charter School Board, and Board of Education.
SAT Scores: The 2010 average SAT score of public school seniors in the District
increased slightly compared with the 2009 score, unlike national SAT scores,
which decreased slightly.
SAT Math, Reading and Writing Scores
College-Bound Public School Seniors, Class of 2010
D.C. and Nation
2009 - 2010
College-bound seniors graduating in the class of 2010
from the District’s public schools scored slightly higher
on all three sections of the SAT than the District’s public
schools of 2009. The overall District average SAT score
increased by 31 points between 2009 and 2010, from
1,196 to 1,227, respectively. This ended the previous two
years’ decline. The average math score increased from
392 to 407, the average reading score increased from 405
to 416, and the average writing score increased from 399
to 404. Again, District scores still remained well below
the national SAT scores, which averaged 1,481 for public
school students nationwide. The largest disparity
between the nation and the District is on the math
portion of the SAT, where public school students in the
District averaged 104 points below the national average
of 511.
800
700
600
510
511
496
500
400
392
407
405
487
482
416
399
488
404
300
200
100
0
2009 2010 2009 2010
DC
US
Math
2009 2010 2009 2010
DC
US
Reading
2009 2010 2009 2010
DC
US
Writing
Source: The College Board, Summary Reporting Service
13
Children and Youth Succeed in School
Students with Special Needs: The number of students with individualized
education plans (IEPs) decreased in DCPS schools and increased in public charter
schools in the 2009-10 school year.
Number of Students With Individualized Education Plans
2001-02 - 2009-10
10,000
Number of Students
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2001-02*
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
DCPS
7,826
7,509
8,230
8,344
7,900
7,091
6,557
5,838
5,748
PCSB
921
1,097
1,321
1,437
1,835
2,178
2,307
2,582
2,823
24
14
0
Other**
Source: Office of the State Superintendent of Education, October Audited Enrollment Data, including
students for whom residency was not verified
* 2001-02 audit report did not differentiate between residency verified and non-residency verified
** Other/Contracted: in 2007-08 includes Oak Hill, which was a DCPS altertnative school in 2006-07,
in 2008-09 and 2009-10 includes Oak Hill and Pre-K Incentive
However, the number of students with IEPs at DCPS
schools has been decreasing (reflecting DCPS's overall
enrollment decrease) and the number of students with
IEPs at public charters has been increasing (mirroring
the charters increases in overall enrollment).
In the fall of 2009 there were 5,748 students with IEPs
in DCPS schools, a decrease of 90 from 2008-09. At the
same time public charter schools had 2,823 students
with IEPs, an increase of 241 from 2008-09. (In 200708 and 2008-09 a small number – 24 and 14,
respectively – of students with IEPs were in the
contracted schools Oak Hill and the Pre-K Incentive
program.) The total number of students with IEPs has
held relatively constant since the 2001-02 school year.
14
Children and Youth Succeed in School
English Language Learners: The number of English Language Learners (ELL)
continued to increase in DCPS.
Number of English Language Learners
2001-02 - 2009-10
7,000
Number of Students
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2001-02*
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
PCSB
305
1,041
1,484
796
899
1,084
1,242
1,631
1,938
DCPS
4,424
4,792
5,075
4,502
3,956
3,979
4,130
4,308
4,364
Source: Office of the State Superintendent of Education, October Audited Enrollment Data, including
students for whom residency was not verified
* 2001-02 Audit report did not differentiate between residency verified and non-residency verified
ELL enrollment has increased steadily in both types of
schools in the last four years, though at a faster rate in
public charter schools.
In the 2009-10 school year there were 6,302 total ELL
students. Of those, 4,364 were in DCPS schools, an
increase of 56 students from the 2008-09 school year.
There were 1,938 ELL students in public charter schools
in 2009-10, an increase of 307 students from school year
2008-09.
15
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Prenatal Care: The share of mothers who received adequate prenatal care was
essentially unchanged in 2007, as was the share of the remaining mothers who
received either intermediate or inadequate care.
(Note that the information reported here is identical to the
narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data from the
D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health
Statistics Administration were not available for this report.)
Percentage of Births to Mothers Receiving Adequate Prenatal Care
in D.C.
1999 - 2007
Percent of Births to Mothers Receiving
Adequate Prenatal Care
80
69
70
64
66
62
60
60
64
63
In 2007, approximately two-thirds of expectant mothers in
the District received the highest measured level of prenatal
care, called adequate care. The percentage of births to
mothers who received adequate prenatal care in 2007
remained unchanged at 63 percent. Following a peak of 69
percent in 2002, the share of mothers who received adequate
levels of prenatal care reached a low of 62 percent in 2004,
from which it has since increased slightly.
63
55
50
40
30
20
10
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available.
The second highest level of prenatal care, called intermediate
care, also stayed approximately the same between 2006 and
2007. The share of births to mothers receiving intermediate
care in the District increased by 1 percentage point to 22
percent in 2007. The percent of those who received the
lowest level of care, called inadequate care, was 15 percent in
2007, the same as the previous year. The 2007 share
represents an increase of 5 percentage points since 2003.
Prenatal Care: The share of non-Hispanic black mothers who received adequate
prenatal care worsened over the past two years, while the share of Hispanic
mothers receiving adequate care is greater now than it was in 2004 or 2005.
Slightly more than half of Hispanic
mothers, 56 percent, (representing 737
live births) received adequate prenatal care
in 2007, a slight decrease from 2006 but a
sizeable increase from 2005 and 2004. The
shares of non-Hispanic black mothers
receiving a similar level of care has been
steadily decreasing, reaching only 51
percent in 2007 (representing 1,979
births). White non-Hispanic mothers
continue to have the highest shares of
receiving adequate prenatal care.
Percent of Births to Mothers Receiving Adequate Prenatal Care
by Race/Ethnicity in D.C.
2003-2007
100
Percent of Births to Mothers Receiving
Adequate Prenatal Care by Race/Ethnicity
(Note that the information reported here
is identical to the narrative in the 2009
Fact Book since updated data from the
D.C. Department of Health, State Center
for Health Statistics Administration were
not available for this report.)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Total
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
66%
82%
60%
58%
74%
2004
62%
86%
53%
47%
65%
2005
64%
86%
54%
54%
72%
2006
63%
85%
53%
58%
78%
2007
63%
87%
51%
56%
72%
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since
updated data were not yet available.There were fewer than 8 mothers receiving adequate prenatal
care with an unknown race in any year. The earliest data available for race/ethnic categories is 2003.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
16
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Prenatal Care: Levels of adequate prenatal care have increased in every ward
since 2000, but the share of mothers receiving adequate prenatal care in Wards 5,
7, 8, and 5 continue to lag behind the other wards.
Percent of Births to Mothers Receiving Adequate Prenatal
Care by Ward in D.C., 2000-2007
(Note that the information reported here
is identical to the narrative in the 2009
Fact Book since updated data from the
D.C. Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available for
this report.)
Percent of Births to Mothers Receiving
Adequate Prenatal Care by Ward
100
90
80
70
60
50
Ward 3 has had the largest share of
mothers receiving adequate prenatal care
every year since 2000. In 2007, 87
percent of all expectant mothers in Ward
3 received adequate care, representing
680 live births. On the other hand, only
51 percent of all Ward 8 expectant
mothers in 2007 had the same level of
care, representing 640 births. Ward 7 had
the second lowest share of expectant
mothers who received adequate prenatal
care in 2007 at 52 percent.
40
30
20
10
0
Citywide
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2000*
60.4%
62.9%
68.0%
79.5%
63.7%
57.5%
65.5%
51.4%
50.1%
2001*
64.4%
66.1%
72.5%
82.2%
64.8%
63.5%
68.4%
52.3%
55.7%
2002*
68.8%
69.3%
78.3%
86.8%
70.6%
66.3%
69.1%
60.1%
58.6%
2003*
66.5%
65.2%
78.3%
80.9%
65.0%
62.1%
70.3%
60.0%
58.4%
2004*
62.1%
59.0%
70.2%
84.2%
61.2%
58.5%
66.4%
51.7%
52.9%
2005
63.6%
61.7%
73.2%
85.1%
65.1%
57.1%
71.5%
51.6%
53.0%
2006
63.5%
61.9%
72.0%
85.6%
62.7%
57.5%
71.4%
54.5%
52.2%
2007
62.8%
63.6%
75.7%
87.0%
60.8%
55.3%
70.2%
52.2%
50.8%
* Data corrected from previous Kids Count Fact Books.
Note: Updated (2008) data were not yet available.There were fewer than 24 mothers receiving
adequate prenatal care with unknown ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Low Birth Weight: Low-weight births remained stable in 2007.
Low-weight births, those infants born
weighing 5.5 pounds or less, were 11
percent of all births in the District in
2006. This percentage is nearly
identical to those in the previous six
years but follows an overall declining
trend beginning in the early 1990s.
Percent of Low-Weight Birth Infants in D.C.
1989-2007
18
Percent of Total Births Under 5.5 Pounds
(Note that the information reported
here is identical to the narrative in the
2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of
Health, State Center for Health
Statistics Administration were not
available for this report.)
16.1
16
15.2 15.3
14.2
14.7
14.2
14.2
13.5
14
13.5
13.1 13.2
11.9 12.1
12
11.5
10.9 11.0 11.1
11.5
11.0
10
8
6
4
2
0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data were
not yet available.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
17
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Low Birth Weight: Low-weight births continued to vary by race/ethnicity in 2007.
Percent of Low-Weight Birth Infants by Race/Ethnicity in D.C.
2003-2007
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact
Book since updated data from the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration were not
available for this report.)
Percent of Births Under 5.5 Pounds By
Race/Ethnicity
14
12
10
8
Non-Hispanic black mothers had a higher
proportion of low-weight births than other
racial and ethnic groups and it has stayed
relatively steady over time: 14.5 percent of
non-Hispanic black mothers (709 nonHispanic black mothers) had low-weight births
in 2007. This is more than twice as much as
the 5.9 percent of non-Hispanic white
mothers (131 non-Hispanic white mothers) or
almost twice as much as the 7.3 percent of
Hispanic mothers (108 Hispanic mothers)
who had low-weight births.
6
4
2
0
Total
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
10.9%
6.2%
13.8%
7.7%
6.6%
2004
11.0%
5.7%
13.9%
8.1%
9.6%
2005
11.1%
7.1%
14.0%
7.2%
7.3%
2006
11.5%
7.1%
14.5%
7.8%
9.1%
2007
11.0%
5.9%
14.5%
7.3%
10.3%
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available. There were fewer than 5 low-weight births with unknon race in any year. The earliest
data available for the racial/ethnic categories is 2003.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Low Birth Weight: Ward 2 experienced the largest drop in share of low-weight
births between 2006 and 2007, resulting in its being the ward with the lowest
share of low-weight births in 2007.
Ward 2 had the lowest share of low-weight
births at 7.0 percent of all live births in Ward 2
in 2007, amounting to 44 births. This
represents a 25.5 percent decrease from 2006
levels. Ward 3, which had the lowest share of
low-weight births from 2000 to 2006, had a
slightly higher share of low-weight births than
Ward 2, at 7.2 percent of all live births in Ward
1. For the second year in a row, Ward 8 had the
largest share of low-weight births at 14.1
percent of all live births in Ward 8, or 218
births. Ward 7 had the second largest share of
low-weight births, at 13.7 percent of all live
births in Ward 7, or 165 births.
Percent of Low-Weight Birth Infants by Ward in D.C.
2000-2007
18
Percent of Births Under 5.5 Pounds
By Ward
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact
Book since updated data from the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for Health
Statistics Administration were not available for
this report.)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Citywide
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2000
11.9%
10.5%
9.8%
7.4%
9.6%
12.9%
11.5%
13.7%
15.5%
2001
12.1%
9.6%
7.2%
6.4%
9.9%
13.8%
14.0%
16.6%
15.1%
2002
11.5%
10.6%
8.9%
6.9%
10.8%
13.0%
10.7%
13.2%
14.7%
2003
10.9%
8.3%
7.8%
5.7%
11.0%
11.3%
10.6%
14.9%
14.4%
2004
11.0%
10.1%
9.9%
5.3%
8.6%
12.8%
11.2%
14.1%
13.9%
2005
11.1%
8.5%
8.7%
7.5%
10.8%
13.4%
11.4%
14.0%
12.4%
2006
11.5%
9.7%
9.4%
8.4%
9.8%
13.8%
9.7%
13.8%
14.8%
2007
11.0%
9.2%
7.0%
7.2%
9.7%
12.8%
11.3%
13.7%
14.1%
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated
data were not yet available. There were fewer than 2 low-weight births with unknown ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
18
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Infant Mortality: Infant mortality increased in 2007 after decreasing in 2006.
Infant Mortality Rate Under One Year Old in D.C.
1998-2007
Infant mortality increased
between 2006 and 2007,
after decreasing between
2005 and 2006. According
to data from the D.C. State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration, deaths to
infants under age 1
increased to 13.0 deaths per
1,000 live births, up from
11.4 deaths per 1,000 births
in 2006.
20
Deaths per 1,000 Live Births
16.8
15
13.9
13.0
12.8
11.9
11.8
11.5
11.4
10.6
10.2
10
5
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Infant Mortality: Infant mortality remained highest for non-Hispanic blacks in
2007.
Infant Mortality Rate Under One Year Old in D.C. by Race/Ethnicty
2003-2007
Deaths Per 1,000 Live Births by Race/Ethnicity
(Note: Because there was a
discrepancy in the coding of
Hispanic cases, we do not
recommend comparing 2006
numbers to 2007 numbers.)
Infant mortality rates remained
the highest for non-Hispanic
blacks at 14.3 deaths per 1,000
live births in 2007. The infant
mortality rate for non-Hispanic
whites continued its general
upward trend from 2003 to 12.7
deaths per 1,000 live births in
2007. The infant mortality rate
for Hispanics was 5.4 deaths per
1,000 live births in 2007.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Total
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
10.2
6.6
13.7
2.1
0.0
2004
11.8
5.5
16.5
3.5
9.1
2005
13.9
8.6
17.2
1.9
0.0
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Note: There were 21 or fewer deaths with unknown race in any year.
* In 2006, there was a discrepancy in the coding of Hispanic cases.
19
2006*
11.4
3.8
13.7
1.5
0.0
2007
13.0
12.7
14.3
5.4
0.0
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Infant Mortality: Infant mortality decreased in half of the wards and increased in
half of the wards between 2006 and 2007.
Infant Mortality Rate Under One Year Old in D.C. by Ward
2005-2007
The wards with the two greatest decreases were
Ward 3, with a 3.2 point decrease, and Ward 6,
with a 2.1 point decrease. Ward 4 experienced
the greatest increase of 9.6 points, more than
twice the increase in Ward 7, which had a 3.4
point increase between 2006 and 2007.
Deaths Per 1,000 Live Births By Ward
25
20
For the first time since 2004, Ward 8 did not
have the greatest concentration of infant
mortality out of all eight wards. In 2007, Wards
5 and 7 tied for the highest concentration of
infant mortality with 18.2 infant deaths per
1,000 live births. Ward 3 had the lowest
concentration of infant mortality with 1.1
infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
15
10
5
0
District of
Columbia Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2005
13.9
11.8
5.1
6.9
12.0
17.6
11.5
15.5
22.6
2006
11.4
5.0
11.4
4.3
7.0
16.7
8.6
14.8
20.0
2007
13.0
6.4
11.0
1.1
16.6
18.2
6.4
18.2
18.1
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Child Deaths: The number of child and youth deaths increased by 10 percent
between 2006 and 2007.
Number of Child and Teen Deaths by Age Group in D.C.
2000-2007
120
115
110
Number of Child and Youth Deaths
by Age Group
There was a 10 percent increase
(21 more cases) in the number of
child and youth deaths (age 0 to
24) in 2007 compared with
2006, totaling 232 deaths to
children and youth age 0 to 24
years in 2007. Every age category
experienced an increase in the
number of deaths between 2006
and 2007 except for 1- to14-year
olds, where the number of deaths
decreased by 14 percent or 4
cases. The number of deaths to
infants under 1 year old was at its
highest level since 2000.
Nonetheless, even though the
number of teenager and youth
deaths (aged 15 to 19 and aged
20 to 24) increased in 2007, the
numbers were still significantly
lower than the numbers in the
first half of the decade.
102
100
94
91
97
91
94
2000
86
81
80
80
78
2001
73
2002
67
2003
60
44
2007
25
19 20
20
0
1-14 years
<1 year
15-19 years
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics
20
2004
2006
37
29
24
55
2005
41
33
30
27 28
48 49
46
40
40
52
20-24 years
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Child Deaths: The number of deaths to non-Hispanic black children and youths
was significantly greater than the number of non-Hispanic white child or youth
deaths or Hispanic child and youth deaths in 2007.
Number of Child and Youth Deaths by Age Group by
Race/Ethnicity in D.C.
2007
The total number of deaths to non-Hispanic
black children and youths aged 0 to 24 was
more than four times greater than the number
of deaths to non-Hispanic white children and
youth in 2007. There were 171 deaths to nonHispanic black children and youths compared
to 38 deaths to non-Hispanic white children
and youths and four deaths to Hispanic
children and youths. While there are significant
discrepancies across all age categories, the
greatest differences across race/ethnic categories
occurred in the deaths to infants under age one
(the number of non-Hispanic black infant
deaths was three times higher than the number
of non-Hispanic white infant deaths) and the
deaths to youths aged 20 to 24 (the number of
non-Hispanic black youth deaths has almost
five times higher than non-Hispanic white
youth deaths).
Number of Child and Youth Deaths
by Race/Ethnicity
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
< 1 Year
1-14 Years
15-19 Years
Non-Hispanic White
28
4
1
20-24 Years
5
Non-Hispanic Black
70
20
33
48
Hispanic
8
1
3
1
Non-Hispanic Other
0
0
0
0
Unknown
9
0
0
1
Note: 2006 data was not included last year, due to discrepancies in the coding of Hispanic cases
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Child Deaths: The number of child and youth deaths, aged 0 to 24, increased
between 2006 and 2007 in every ward except for Wards 3 and 6.
Number of Child and Youth Deaths by Age Group by Ward in D.C.
2007
30
Number of Child and Youth Deaths by Ward
Ward 8 continued to have the highest
number of deaths to children and youth in
2007. There were 61 deaths to children and
youth aged 0 to 24 years in Ward 8. Of
those, 46 percent occurred to infants under
the age of one and 51 percent occurred to
youth ages 15 to 24. Ward 4 had the
highest increase in deaths to children and
youth from 21 deaths in 2006 to 36 deaths
in 2007, representing a 7.1 percentage
point increase. The number of deaths to
children and youth in Ward 3 stayed the
same and decreased in Ward 6 by 17.4
percentage points from 23 deaths in 2006
to 19 deaths in 2007.
25
20
15
10
5
0
< 1 Year
1-14 Years
15-19 Years
20-24 Years
Ward 1
8
3
4
3
Ward 2
7
0
1
3
Ward 3
1
2
0
1
Ward 4
24
3
4
5
Ward 5
19
7
3
10
Ward 6
6
2
6
5
Ward 7
22
6
8
8
Ward 8
28
2
11
20
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statisics Administration
21
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Mental Health: Around one in ten children aged 2 to 17 have one or more
emotional, behavioral, or developmental condition.
Mental, Behavioral, and Developmental Conditions, 2007
Indicators
National %
D.C. %
11.3
11.2
Age 6-11 years
12.1
11.2
Age 12-17 years
14.9
16.9
Percent of children aged 2-17 years who have one or more emotional, behavioral, or developmental conditions*
Percent of children aged 2-17 years who have one
or more emotional, behavioral, or developmental
conditions
Prevalence
by Age**
*The 7 conditions addressed in the survey were: ADD/ADHD, anxiety, depression, ODD/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay, and
Tourette Syndrome.
**Estimates for children aged 2-5 years do not meet the standard for reliability or precision on the state level and are not reported.
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The National Survey
of Children's Health 2007. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010.
Similar to the rest of the country, the share is higher for
older children, ages 12 to 17, at 16.9 percent, and lower
for younger children ages 6 to 11 at 11.2 percent.
However, compared to the rest of the country, a higher
share of older children in the District has one or more
emotional, behavioral, or developmental conditions than
in the rest of the United States, and a lower share of
younger children has one or more emotional, behavioral,
or developmental conditions.
According to the 2007 National Survey of Children’s
Health, just over one in ten children (11.2 percent) aged
2 to 17 in the District have one or more emotional,
behavioral, or developmental conditions, such as
ADD/ADHD, anxiety, depression, ODD/conduct
disorder, autism spectrum disorders, developmental
delay, and Tourettes Syndrome. This is very similar to the
national rate.
22
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Overweight and Obese: The share of obese public high school students in the
District rose significantly between 2005 and 2007, surpassing the national average
for all high school students.
(Note that the information reported
here is identical to what was reported
in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated
(2009) data were not released).
Percent of Overweight and Obese High School Public Students in D.C.
1999-2007
Percent of High School Public Students
40
36
35
31
30
Obese
(> 95th percentile of BMI)
25
Overweight and Obese
(> 85th percentile of BMI)
20
18
15
15
According to the 2007 Youth Risk
Behavior Surveillance System, 18
percent of students enrolled in public
high schools in the District were
obese, which is defined as being at or
above the 95th percentile for body
mass index (BMI). The 2007 District
rate was 7 percentage points higher
than the 2005 rate and 5 percentage
points higher than the 2007 national
average (13 percent). The share of
public high school students who were
overweight or obese (defined as
having a BMI at or above the 85th
percentile) also spiked from 31
percent to 36 percent.
31
30
30
14
12
11
10
5
0
1999
2001*
2003
2005
2007
Year
*2001 contains unweighted survey data.
Note: Information in the figure is identical to what was reported in 2009 Fact Book, since updated (2009)
data were not released.
Source: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia and gonorrhea cases among youth
under age 20 increased for a second year in a row in 2008, while syphilis cases
decreased.
Cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis
Diagnosed in People Under Age 20 in D.C.
1998-2008
Chlamydia
3,000
2,846
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
2,500
Number of New Diagnoses
The total number of diagnosed cases
of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
among youth under age 20 increased
in 2008, for a second year in a row. A
total of 3,793 youth cases of these
three sexually transmitted diseases
were diagnosed in 2008, 700 more
cases than in 2007, representing an
increase of 23 percent. The largest
contributor to this increase was a 35
percent jump in the number of
gonorrhea diagnoses. Chlamydia
cases also increased by 20 percent.
Syphilis cases among youth decreased
from 2006 from 19 cases to 7 cases.
2,378
2,000
1,500
1,480
1,305
1,469
1,389
1,331
1,297
1,228
1,319
1,288
1,272
1,007
1,000
940
758
758
727
697
655
696
604
530
500
0
26
1998
20
1999
27
2000
18
2001
Source: D.C. Bureau of STD Control, Surveillance Unit
23
17
2002
14
2003
10
2004
20
2005
20
2006
19
2007
7
2008
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: The number of new diagnoses of gonorrhea
and chlamydia in youth under 20 increased in all wards from 2006 to 2007. The
number of new syphilis cases remained small and steady.
Cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis
Diagnosed in People Under Age 20 in D.C. by Ward
2006-2007
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
600
Number of Children
500
400
300
200
100
0
2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Syphilis
<5
<5
<5
0
0
Gonorrhea
28
29
8
10
0
Chlamydia
95
179
35
48
<5
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
5
<5
7
<5
<5
7
<5
27
31
81
94
40
42
80
115
111
159
11
62
117
135
295
92
145
215
418
209
423
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated
data were not yet available.
Source: D.C. Bureau of STD Control, Surveillance Unit
(Note that the information reported here is identical to
the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health, D.C. Bureau of
STD Control, Surveillance Unit were not available for
this report.)
diagnoses of chlamydia. In Wards 7 and 8, the number
of new diagnoses of gonorrhea increased by 43 percent
to 115 in Ward 7 and 159 in Ward 8 in 2007. In Ward
5, the number of new diagnoses of gonorrhea increased
by 16 percent to 94 in 2007.
In Wards 3, 5, and 8 the number of new diagnoses
chlamydia more than doubled from 2006 to 2007 to 11
in Ward 3, 295 in Ward 5, and 423 in Ward 8. Ward 7
had the second highest number of new diagnoses of
chlamydia after Ward 8 with 418 in 2007, an increase of
94 percent since 2006.
The number of new diagnoses of syphilis stayed fairly
constant from 2006 to 2007. Only Ward 8 had more
than 4 diagnoses of syphilis in 2007, with 7 new
diagnoses. Ward 3 had no new diagnoses of syphilis.
Wards 7 and 8 had the greatest total number of the three
most common sexually transmitted diseases in 2007,
with 538 new cases in Ward 7 and 589 cases in Ward 8.
The numbers of new diagnoses of gonorrhea also
increased, but not as much as the number of new
24
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
HIV and AIDS Cases: The number of new HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed among
children 12 and younger remained small but increased slightly, while the number
of new AIDS cases diagnosed among children 12 and younger decreased.
AIDS and HIV Cases Diagnosed Among Children 12-Years Old
and Younger in D.C.
2004-2008
10
New cases of AIDS diagnosed*
9
New Cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed**
Number of New Cases
8
7
7
6
5
4
4
4
3
2
0
<3
<3
2004
2005
2006
2007
<3
2008
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available. Numbers not shown for years with fewer than 3 new cases.
* The number of new cases of AIDS diagnosed represents any new case of AIDS diagnosed during this time
period, regardless of HIV diagnosis date.
** The number of new cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed represents (1) a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), (2) a
diagnosis of HIV infection with a later diagnosis of AIDS, and (3) concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection and
AIDS, during this time period.
Source: Government of the District of Columbia, Department of Health, HIV/AIDS Administrations, Strategic
Information Bureau
decreased in 2008 to less than three after increasing
from 2006 to 2007.
(Note that the information reported here is identical to
the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health, HIV/AIDS
Administrations, Strategic Information Bureau were not
available for this report.)
Nonetheless, the District’s AIDS rate for younger
children was well above the national average in 2007.
The CDC reported that the AIDS rate for children age
12 and younger in the District of Columbia was 29.7
cases per 100,000 children. This represents a slight
decrease from the 36.5 cases per 100,000 children
observed in 2005, but it is still over 15 times higher
than the national rate of 1.7 cases per 100,000 children
in 2007.
According to the HIV/AIDS Administration Strategic
Information Bureau, there were five new HIV/AIDS
diagnoses in 2008. This is higher than 2007, but it
represents a drop from 2005 when the number of new
diagnoses of HIV/AIDS among children age 12 and
younger in the District each year was nine. The number
of new AIDS diagnoses for children 12 and younger
25
Children and Youth Are Healthy and Practice
Healthy Behaviors
HIV and AIDS Cases: New HIV/AIDS diagnoses for District youth aged 13 to 19
decreased between 2007 and 2008. New AIDS diagnoses held steady in 2008.
HIV and AIDS Cases Diagnosed Among Youth Aged 13 to 19
Years Old in D.C.
2004-2008
59
60
New cases of AIDS diagnosed*
New Cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed**
Number of New Cases
50
40
34
32
28
30
22
20
13
10
6
8
6
8
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available. Numbers not shown for years with fewer than 3 new cases.
* The number of new cases of AIDS diagnosed represents any new case of AIDS diagnosed during this time
period, regardless of HIV diagnosis date.
** The number of new cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed represents (1) a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), (2) a
diagnosis of HIV infection with a later diagnosis of AIDS, and (3) concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection and
AIDS, during this time period.
Source: Government of the District of Columbia, Department of Health, HIV/AIDS Administrations, Strategic
Information Bureau
diagnosed in 2005. The past three years, though, saw a
large decline in new HIV/AIDS diagnoses from 2004,
when 59 youth were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS for the
first time.
(Note that the information reported here is identical to
the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health, HIV/AIDS
Administrations, Strategic Information Bureau were not
available for this report.)
According to the HIV/AIDS Administration Strategic
Information Bureau, eight new AIDS cases were
diagnosed among youth aged 13 to 19 in 2008. This is
the same as 2007; however it does represent an increase
from 2006 levels.
According to the HIV/AIDS Administration Strategic
Information Bureau, there were 32 new cases of
HIV/AIDS in the District among youth aged 13 to 19 in
2008. This represents a decrease from the 34 new cases
diagnosed in 2007, but is still above the 22 new cases
26
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful
Activities
Petitions Against Juveniles: The number of juvenile cases referred to D.C.
Family Court increased in 2009, continuing an upward trend that started in 2002.
Of delinquency cases petitioned, the majority represented acts against persons
and against property.
Proportion of Formal Petitions Against Juveniles
D.C. Family Court
2007-2009
100
80
Total = 1,930
Total = 2,113
Total = 2,076
12.7%
14.2%
13.0%
9.6%
10.4%
10.6%
Percent
Drug law violations
60
34.5%
27.7%
30.1%
Acts against public order
Acts against property
Acts against persons
40
20
43.2%
45.3%
48.7%
2007
2008
2009
0
Source: Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia Annual Report, 2007-2009
Note: These data exclude juveniles 16 and over who were charged as adults.
alleged violation of an interstate compact agreement or
charged persons in need of supervision (PINS). Like
2007 and 2009, we can only provide these breakdowns
for juvenile delinquent cases formally petitioned in
2009. (For a fuller explanation of the differences between
cases filed and referred against juveniles and the cases
petitioned in court, readers are referred to section VII,
“A Few Words about the Data.”)
In 2009, 3,752 new criminal cases (not shown in graph)
were filed against juveniles under 18 years old in D.C.
Family Court, a division of the D.C. Superior Court,
according to the Research and Development Division of
the District of Columbia Courts. The number of cases
increased 7 percent from 2008. The 2009 cases
constitute the largest number filed against juveniles in
the District since 1997, part of a recent increase in
charges filed against juveniles starting in 2002.
Nevertheless, the current number of juvenile cases is
much lower than the number filed annually in the early
1990s. Between 1991 and 1994, the average number of
juvenile cases was 4,592 a year. (Note that cases brought
before D.C. Family Court are not necessarily committed
by District residents and do not include crimes
committed by District youth in other jurisdictions.)
In 2009, 2,076 cases were formally petitioned into the
D.C. Family Court. Among them, 49 percent (1,011
cases) represented acts against persons, 28 percent
(576 cases) represented acts against property, 11 percent
(220 cases) represented acts against public order, and 13
percent (269 cases) represented drug law violations. (In
the past, we have reported drug law violations as part of
the total number of acts against public order.)
Nearly all cases filed against juveniles in 2009 alleged
delinquency (2,076 cases), while 6 percent (135 cases)
27
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful
Activities
Petitions Against Juveniles: In 2009, almost two-thirds of juvenile cases
petitioned to D.C. Family Court for acts against persons were assault cases.
Number of Formal Petitions Against Juveniles for Acts
Against Persons
2007-2009
In 2009, 1,011 formal petitions of
offenses against persons were filed
against youth under age 18. Assault
cases (including simple assault, assault
with the intent to kill, assault with a
dangerous weapon, and aggravated
assault) composed 63 percent of all
juvenile offenses against persons
petitioned in 2009 (636 cases). Charges
against juveniles for robbery (by force
or by threat of force or violence) made
up 30 percent of cases petitioned in
2009 (or 299 cases). Sexual abuse,
carjacking, homicides, burglary, and
other acts against persons made up
seven percent of all juvenile offenses
against persons petitioned in 2009.
1,200
Number of Petitions
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Total
Simple
Assault
Aggravated
Assault
Assault
with
Dangerous
Weapon
Assault
with
Intent to
Kill
First Degree
Sexual
Abuse
(Rape)
Other
Violent
Sex
Offenses
Murder
Armed
Robbery
Robbery
Car
Jacking
Burglary 1
Other Acts
Against
Persons
2007
833
202
145
160
14
31
15
6
63
156
2008
957
273
186
137
11
28
12
9
53
210
20
8
13
16
17
2009
1,011
226
275
120
15
27
12
1
58
241
5
18
15
3
Source: Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia Annual Report, 2007-2009
Petitions Against Juveniles: In 2009, 63 percent of juvenile cases petitioned to
D.C. Family Court for acts against public order were weapons offenses.
Number of Formal Petitions Against Juveniles for Acts Against
Public Order
2007-2009
250
200
Number of Petitions
In 2009, 220 juvenile cases were formally
petitioned to the D.C. Family Court for acts
against public order, an increase of 0.5 percent
between 2008 and 2009. Weapons offenses
accounted for 63 percent of juvenile cases for acts
against the public order formally petitioned in
2009 (138 petitions).
150
100
50
0
Total
Weapons
Offenses
Disorderly
Conduct
Obstruction
of Justice
Other Acts
Against
Public Order
2007
185
106
24
14
41
2008
219
154
7
10
48
2009
220
138
12
13
57
Source: Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia Annual Report, 2007-2009
28
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful
Activities
Petitions Against Juveniles: In 2009, over a half of all juvenile drug law
violations formally petitioned to D.C. Family Court were drug sale or distribution.
Number of Formal Petitions Against Juveniles for Drug Law Violations
2007- 2009
In 2009, 269 juvenile cases were formally
petitioned to the D.C. Family Court for drug
law violations, a decrease of 31 cases or a 10
percent decrease. Among drug law violations,
drug sale or distribution composed the major
share of petitions in 2009 with 150 of these
cases (or 56 percent of all cases). Nearly all of
the other drug violations composed of
possession, with 117 cases (or 43 percent of all
cases) in 2009.
300
Number of Petitions
250
200
150
100
50
0
Total
Drug
Sale/Distribution
2007
246
2008
300
2009
269
Drug
Posession
Other
Drug
162
82
2
196
100
4
150
117
2
Source: Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia Annual Report, 2007-2009
Petitions Against Juveniles: In 2009, nearly two-thirds of the juvenile cases
petitioned to D.C. Family Court for acts against property were for unauthorized
use of a vehicle or larceny/theft.
Number of Formal Petitions Against Juveniles for Acts
Against Property
2007-2009
700
600
Number of Petitions
There were 576 formal petitions of alleged
property crimes committed by juveniles in
the District in 2009. A third (33 percent or
191 cases) of all property crimes in 2009 was
for unauthorized use of a vehicle—that is,
automobile theft or joy riding.
Larceny/theft, which includes shoplifting,
purse-snatching, and thefts from motor
vehicles, was another 33 percent of juvenile
property crimes petitioned in 2009 (188
cases). Property damage (75 cases) and
unlawful entry (57 cases) composed the
majority of the remaining cases petitioned.
Other cases were distributed among stolen
property, burglary, and other unspecified
offenses.
500
400
300
200
100
0
Stolen Other Acts
Against
Property
Property
Unauthorized
Use of
Auto
Arson
Property
Damage
Unlawful
Entry
379
87
7
82
62
13
1
192
245
3
86
61
15
1
188
191
8
75
57
13
5
Total
Burglary
2
Larceny/
Theft
2007
665
34
2008
637
34
2009
576
39
Source: Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia Annual Report, 2007-2009
29
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful
Activities
Violent Deaths: Violent deaths to older teens increased slightly in 2007.
In 2007, the number of violent deaths
(murders, accidents, and suicides) to teenagers
aged 15 to 19 was similar to 2006. After
decreasing from 2004 to 2006, the number
increased slightly in 2007 to 27 deaths, but was
still the second lowest number of teen murders,
accidents, and cases of suicides recorded in the
District since 1999.
Violent Deaths to Teens Aged 15 to 19 Years Old in D.C.
(Accidents, Suicides and Murders)
1999-2007
50
50
Number of Violent Deaths to Teens
44
39
40
37
36
35
33
30
27
While the number of violent deaths was at a
relatively low level in 2007, violent deaths
continued to make up a large share of all deaths
to this age group. In 2007, 73 percent of all
deaths to older teens were violent deaths,
compared with 76 percent in 2006. There was
also a decrease in the proportion of violent
deaths that were homicides in 2007, from 88
percent of violent deaths in 2006 to 81 percent
of violent deaths in 2007.
25
20
10
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Violent Deaths: The number of violent deaths to teens aged 15 to 19 remained
highest among non-Hispanic blacks in 2007.
Violent Deaths to Teens Aged 15 to 19 Years Old in D.C.
by Race/Ethnicity (Accidents, Suicides and Murders)
2001-2007
50
Number of Violent Deaths to Teens
(Note: Because there was a discrepancy
in the coding of Hispanic cases, we do
not recommend comparing 2006
numbers to 2007 numbers.) In 2007,
the number of violent deaths to nonHispanic blacks age 15 to 19 was eight
times greater than the number of deaths
to Hispanics. There were 24 violent
deaths to non-Hispanic black teens in
2007, just over half the 2004 number of
44 violent deaths. Of these 24 violent
deaths, 20 were the result of homicides.
There were 3 violent deaths to Hispanics
aged 15 to 19 in 2007, two of which
were the result of homicides. There were
no violent deaths to any other
racial/ethnic group.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2001
Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black
0
33
2
1
2002
1
37
1
0
2003
4
31
0
0
2004
0
44
0
0
2005
2
31
0
0
2006*
0
25
0
0
2007
0
24
3
0
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
* In 2006, there was a discrepancy in the coding of Hispanic cases.
30
Children and Youth Engage in Meaningful
Activities
Violent Deaths: Ward 8 continued to have the highest number of violent deaths
to teens aged 15 to 19 in 2007.
Violent Deaths to Teens Aged 15 to 19 Years Old in D.C. by Ward
(Accidents, Suicides and Murders)
2004-2007
Number of Violent Deaths to Teens
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2004
1
1
0
5
6
5
10
16
2005
3
4
1
4
3
3
5
10
2006
0
3
0
4
1
4
5
8
2007
2
2
0
3
2
4
6
8
Note: The ward indicates where the victim lived, not where the violent death occurred.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
deaths in 2007, a 50 percent decrease since 2004. Three
fourths of those deaths were due to homicides in 2007
compared to 100 percent in 2006. Ward 7 experienced
the next highest number of violent deaths to teens aged
15 to 19 with 6 violent deaths in 2007 (67 percent were
a result of homicides). Ward 3 continued to have no
violent deaths to older teens for a second year in a row.
Three wards experienced an increase in violent deaths to
teens between 2006 and 2007, two wards experienced a
decrease in violent deaths to teens between 2006 and
2007, and three wards experienced no change in violent
deaths to teens between 2006 and 2007. In Ward 8, the
ward with the greatest number of teenage violent deaths,
violent deaths to older teens held constant with eight
31
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Population of Children and Adults: The number of children in the District
increased very slightly in 2009, reversing its downward trend from the past six
years, while the population of adults has continued to increase.
Population of Children 18 and Younger and Adults in D.C.
1960-2009
After declining significantly
during the 1980s and 1990s and
decreasing slightly between 2000
and 2008, the number of children
in the District increased for the
first time in 2009. In 2009, the
Census Bureau estimated that
114,036 children under 18 years
old lived in the District, a one
percent increase from the 113,064
children estimated in 2008 and a
one percent decrease since 2000.
The number of adults increased
two percent between 2008 and
2009, from 477,010 to 485,621.
The number of adults has
increased six percent since 2000,
when 457,090 adults were living
in the District.
800,000
700,000
Population
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
1960
Adults (18 years and older)
1970
1980
1990 2000* 2001* 2002* 2003* 2004* 2005* 2006* 2007* 2008* 2009
544,738 532,404 494,973 490,275 457,090 461,602 462,466 461,714 463,909 467,044 469,379 472,349 477,010 485,621
Children (18 years and older) 219,218 224,106 143,355 116,625 114,654 116,440 117,119 116,063 115,887 115,005 114,599 114,060 113,064 114,036
Total
763,956 756,510 638,328 606,900 571,744 578,042 579,585 577,777 579,796 582,049 583,978 586,409 590,074 599,657
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decenial Census and Population Estimates Program
*Data revised from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
Population of Children: Almost two in three children living in the District in 2009
were black. The number of white, Hispanic, and Asian children has steadily increased
between 2000 and 2009, while the number of black children has steadily decreased.
Number of Children by Race/Ethnicity in the District
2000-2009
90,000
85,448
80,000
70,166
70,000
Population of Children
Slightly under two-thirds of the children living
in the District were non-Hispanic black in
2009 (62 percent of all children under 18 years
old), although the number of white children
has increased and the number of black children
has declined over the past eight years.
According to the Census Bureau’s population
estimates, the number of non-Hispanic white
children grew from 13,906 in 2000 to 23,330
by 2009, a 68 percent increase, while the
number of non-Hispanic black children
decreased from 85,448 children in 2000 to
70,166 children, a decline of 18 percent. The
number of Hispanic children (regardless of
race) is relatively small in the District (13,960
children in 2009), an increase of about 22
percent since 2000. The number of nonHispanic Asian and Pacific Islander children,
non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaskan
Natives, and non-Hispanic children of two or
more races increased 72 percent during the
same period, totaling 6,580 children in 2009.
Non-Hispanic Black
60,000
Non-Hispanic White
50,000
Hispanic
40,000
Non-Hispanic
Asian/Other
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
23,330
13,906
13,960
11,483
6,580
3,817
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Source: Population Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Note: All data updated from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
32
2006
2007
2008
2009
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Population of Adults: A little more than half of the adult population living in the
District in 2009 was black. The number of white, Hispanic, and Asian adults has
steadily increased between 2000 and 2009.
Number of Adults by Race/Ethnicity
2000-2009 in the District
300,000
256,729
245,939
Population of Adults
250,000
200,000
Non-Hispanic Black
177,828
Non-Hispanic White
Hispanic
146,921
150,000
Non-Hispanic
Asian/Other
100,000
50,000
33,745
39,065
22,789
19,695
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
Source: Population Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Note: All data updated from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book
Although they made up only a slight
majority (51 percent) in 2009, the majority
of adults living in the District were nonHispanic black. Similar to the child trends
in the past decade, the number of black
adults decreased four percent between 2000
and 2009 and the number of white adults
increased 21 percent during the same
period. Nonetheless, unlike the child
trends, the number of non-Hispanic black
adults increased for the first time since
2001. The number of Hispanic adults was
relatively small in the District, although it
increased 16 percent between 2000 and
2009, and the number of non- Hispanic
Asian and Pacific Islander adults, nonHispanic American Indian or Alaskan
Natives adults, and non- Hispanic adults of
two or more races increased 15 percent
during the same period, totaling 22,789
adults in 2009.
Foreign Born Parents: One in five families with their own children has at least
one foreign born parent.
Foreign Born Parents in D.C., 2009
District of Columbia
United States
Total Families with Own Children Under Age 18
106,701
70,951,616
% of Families with Own Children Under Age 18 with One or More Parent Foreign Born
21.0%
(22,435)
23.8%
(16,883,657)
% of Families with Own Children Under Age 18, with Two Parents, Both Foreign Born
9.6%
(10,282)
12.4%
(8,768,966)
% of Families with Own Children Under Age 18 with Two Parents, One Foreign Born
5.8%
(6,209)
5.6%
(3,985,540)
% of Families with Own Children Under Age 18 with One Parent Foreign Born
5.6%
(5,944)
5.8%
(4,129,151)
Note: The number of individuals are shown in the ().
Source: 2009 American Community Survey (ACS), US Census
According to the American Community Survey, in 2009
9.6 percent of District families with their own children
under 18, had two parents who were foreign born—this
is lower than the national rate of 12.4 percent. In singleparent families with their own children, the percentage is
smaller with 5.6 percent of families with foreign parents,
slightly smaller than the national rate of 5.8 percent. For
all families with children, regardless of the number of
parents present, 21 percent, or 22,435 families, have at
least one or more foreign born parents, which is slightly
lower than the national rate of 23.8 percent.
33
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Births: The number of births in the District increased substantially between 2006
and 2007, following an even greater increase between 2005 and 2006.
Births to D.C. Residents
1990-2007
12,000
11,806
11,650
10,939
10,000
10,614
9,911
8,993
8,522
Number of Births
8,377
7,916
8,000
7,678
7,513
7,666 7,621 7,494 7,616
8,870
7,937 7,940
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data were not
yet available.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
8,522 births in 2006. The 2007 births represent the
largest number of births in the District since 1995.
Births fluctuated up and down slightly but generally
increased between 1999 and 2007 after decreasing
throughout the 1990s. Since 2000, births in the city
have increased 16 percent.
(Note that the information reported here is identical to
the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration were not available for
this report.)
The D.C. State Center for Health Statistics
Administration reported 8,870 births in 2007 (the latest
available data), an increase of four percent from the
34
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Births: Births to each race/ethnicity increased between 2006 and 2007. Births to
Hispanic mothers increased the most, while black mothers continued to account
for over half of all births.
Births to D.C. Residents by Race/Ethnicity
2003-2007
5,000
4,000
Number of Births
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book
since updated data from the D.C. Department of
Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available for this report.)
Births to Hispanic women increased by 11
percent in 2007 reaching 1,487 births in 2007.
They represented 17 percent of all births in the
city, an increase from 16 percent in 2006. There
were 4,890 births to black mothers, which is
more than half (55 percent) of the births in the
city. This share is a decrease from the 56 percent
of births to black mothers in 2006. NonHispanic white mothers accounted for onequarter (25 percent) of births in the city, with
2,203 births, and births to non-Hispanic white
mothers increased by five percent between 2006
and 2007.
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
1,813
4,539
974
271
2004
1,966
4,656
1,028
271
2005
2,014
4,554
1,132
220
2006
2,105
4,814
1,344
241
2007
2,203
4,890
1,487
261
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available.
There were fewer than 30 births with unknown race in any year. The earliest data available for the
racial/ethnic categories is 2003.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Births: Ward 8 had the greatest number of births in 2007 and the largest
percentage change from the previous year, while Ward 2 had the fewest number
of births out of all the wards.
Births to D.C. Residents by Ward
2001-2007
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book
since updated data from the D.C. Department of
Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available for this
report.)
1,800
1,600
Number of Births
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2001
1,110
833
940
971
812
827
908
1,212
2002
1,126
757
921
1,001
787
850
822
1,221
2003
1,053
759
956
1,033
791
834
932
1,252
2004
1,141
763
1,013
1,088
854
946
898
1,231
2005
1,123
799
936
1,196
839
949
945
1,150
2006
1,262
846
913
1,316
898
991
1,015
1,249
2007
1,243
634
796
1,460
1,041
939
1,210
1,545
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since
updated data were not yet available.
There were fewer than 35 births with unknown ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
35
Births were highest in Ward 8 in 2007, when
1,545 women living in the ward gave birth.
Ward 4 had the second-most births in 2007, with
1,460 births. This represents the seventh year in
a row where either Ward 8 or Ward 4 had the
most births out of all wards. Ward 8 also saw the
largest increase in births between 2006 and 2007
(an increase of 24 percent), followed by Ward 7
(an increase of 19 percent). At the same time,
births in Ward 2 were lowest among the wards at
634. This represents a decrease of 25 percent, the
largest drop among all wards.
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Jobs: The total number of jobs in the District of Columbia decreased for the first
time in ten years.
Number of Jobs in D.C.
1991-2009
720
703.9
700
693.8
687.6
686
Number of Jobs (1000s)
According to Bureau of Labor
Statistics, the number of jobs in the
District decreased for the first time
in ten years to 703,300 in 2009 (a
slight decrease of less than 0.1
percent from 2008). While there
was a large growth in the number of
government jobs from 2008 to
2009, there was a substantial
decrease in the number of privatesector jobs. Private-sector jobs
totaled 461,200 in 2009, representing a 1.7 percent decrease since
2008. Public-sector jobs totaled
242,100 in 2009, representing an
increase of 3.1 percent over the
previous year. This year represents
the largest increase in government
jobs in over twenty years. Privatesector jobs continue to outnumber
government jobs two to one (2:1).
677.2
680
703.3
682.2
673.6
674.2
670.3
664.2
658.7
660
665.5
650.2
642.6
653.7
640
618.4
620
627.4
623
613.5
600
580
560
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008* 2009
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
*Data updated from the 2009 Kids Count Data Book
Employed Residents: The number of employed District residents decreased in
2009 for the first time since 2002.
Number of Employed Residents in D.C.
1995-2009
320
310.4
Employed Residents (1000s)
310
312.2
303.8
298.6
300
291.9
288.0
290
297.9
286.6
284.6
285.4
288.4
280
270
260
273.8
265.7
270.2
262.8
250
240
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005* 2006* 2007* 2008* 2009
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS
*Data Revised from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book
36
The number of employed
District residents decreased in
2009 to approximately 297,900,
representing a 4.6 percent
decrease from 2008. This
employment decrease roughly
mirrored trends in the region and
the nation, which decreased two
percent and 3.7 percent,
respectively, from 2008 to 2009.
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Unemployment: The District’s unemployment rate increased to 10.2 percent in
2009, the highest rate in over twenty years.
Unemployment Rate for D.C.
1995-2009
12
10.2
Unemployment Rate
10
8.6
8.5
8.3
8
8.0
7.5
6.7
6.5
7.0
6
6.6
6.5
6.3
5.7
5.7
5.4
4
2
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 2005* 2006* 2007* 2008* 2009
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS
*Data revised from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book
experienced increases in unemployment, the District’s
unemployment rate is still above the national average for
2009 (9.3 percent), as well as the average for the
Washington, D.C., metropolitan region (6.0 percent).
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the
District’s estimated unemployment rate increased from
6.6 percent in 2008 to 10.2 percent in 2009. Even
though the metropolitan region and the nation also
37
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Unemployment: Unemployment increased in each ward in the District between
December 2008 and December 2009.
Unemployment Rate by Ward,
December 2000-December 2009
Unemployment increased in each of the
wards between December 2008 and
December 2009, the most recent month
of data available. The Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported that in December 2009,
Ward 8’s unemployment rate was 28.7
percent (the highest of all the wards)
compared with Ward 3’s unemployment
rate of 3.2 percent (the lowest of the
wards). The rate increased by as little as
0.9 percentage points in Ward 3 and by as
much as 6.3 percentage points in Ward 8
in this period. The ranking of wards from
least to greatest unemployment rates has
been the same in every year for which we
have data.
30
Unemployment Rate
25
20
15
10
5
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
December December December December December December December December December December
2001
2000
2005*
2006
2008
2009
2002
2003
2004
2007
5.1%
4.7%
5.3%
7.6%
10.3%
5.9%
5.7%
6.6%
5.3%
2.9%
2.7%
3%
4.3%
6%
3.3%
3.2%
3.8%
3%
1.5%
1.4%
1.6%
2.3%
3.2%
1.8%
1.7%
2%
1.6%
4.9%
4.5%
5%
7.2%
9.8%
5.5%
5.4%
6.3%
5%
8.1%
7.5%
8.4%
11.9%
15.8%
9.2%
8.9%
10.4%
8.3%
5.9%
5.4%
6.1%
8.7%
11.8%
6.7%
6.5%
7.6%
6%
10.5%
9.7%
10.8%
15.1%
19.9%
11.8%
11.4%
13.3%
10.7%
16%
14.8%
16.4%
22.4%
28.7%
17.9%
17.4%
20%
16.3%
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS via the D.C. Networks Analyzer
*Data are not available for 2005.
Note: In past years, we used August data, but was changed to December data, as December 2009 is the most
recent unemployment data by ward available.
Full-Time Employment: Over two out of five children in the District do not live
with a parent who has full time employment in 2008.
Percent of Children Under 18 Living in Families Where No Parent
Has Full-time, Year-round Employment
2008
45%
41%
40%
35%
30%
Percent
Around 46,000 children in the District did
not live with a parent who has full-time, yearround employment in 2008. This represents
41 percent of children living in the District.
27%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
District of Columbia
United States
Source: Population Reference Bureau using American Community Survey data
Note: Because of differences in the way labor force participation data was collected for the 2008
American Community Survey, a break in series is recommended between 2007 and 2008. We do
not recommend comparing 2008 data to earlier data.
38
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Poverty Rates: Child poverty in the District remained approximately the same
between 2008 and 2009. Approximately one in three children continues to live in
poverty, including more than two in five black children.
Estimated Poverty Rates with Confidence Intervals in D.C. 2009
Total population
2009*
18.5 % (±0.9)
Children
Non-Hispanic black children
Non-Hispanic white children
Hispanic children
Non-Hispanic Asian, Native American, Alaskan, and mixed-race children
34.3 (±2.4)
46.7 (±3.3)
4.8 (±2.3)
28.8 (±6.1)
24.9 (±11.1)
Note: The confidence intervals or the range that the estimated rate falls in are show in the ().
*The 2009 estimated poverty rates are averages of the 2008 and 2009 CPS estimates.
Source: March 2009 and 2010 Current Population Estimates (CPS), US Census
percentage points) lived below the federal poverty level.
Slightly fewer Hispanic children, 28.8 percent, (±6.1
percentage points) lived in poverty in 2009. In
comparison, 4.8 percent (±2.3 percentage points) of
non-Hispanic white children, and 24.9 percent (±11.1
percentage points) of all other non- Hispanic children
(which includes Asian, Native American, Alaskan, and
mixed-race children) lived below the federal poverty level
in 2009. This rate increased substantially compared to
2008, although this was most likely because of the very
small sample size for this group in the CPS. Aside from
the increase in poverty rates for African American
children, none of these rates were significantly different
from those of the previous year.
Approximately one-third of all children in the District
live in poverty. The 2009 child poverty rate (an average
of the 2008 and 2009 poverty rates from the March
2009 and March 20010 Current Population Estimates)
was 34.3 percent (±2.4 percentage points) of all children
under the age of 18 living in the District, or 38,641
children living below the federal poverty level. This rate
was not significantly different from the poverty rate in
the previous year.
The 2009 poverty rate (an average of the 2008 and 2009
poverty rates) for non-Hispanic African American
children indicates that 46.7 percent (±3.3 percentage
points) lived below the federal poverty level. This is
significantly higher than 2008, when 41.1 percent (±3.2
39
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
TANF Assistance: The number of children in families who applied and were
deemed eligible for TANF subsidies grew slightly in 2010 for a second year in a
row.
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for TANF Assistance in D.C.
1998-2010
40,000
36,675
35,000
33,391
30,431
Number of Children
30,000
29,752
30,271
30,662
30,900
29,868
28,752
27,605
26,453
25,962
27,448
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
July 1998
July 1999
July 2000 July 2001 July 2002 July 2003
July 2004 July 2005 July 2006
July 2007 July 2008
July 2009
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
Note: Data are the number of children eligible in July of each year.
July 2010
As of July 2010, 28,752 children
applied for and were deemed
eligible for Temporary Aid for
Needy Families (TANF) subsidies,
according to the D.C. Department
of Human Services, Income
Maintenance Administration,
which administers the TANF
program. This total was an
increase of 5 percent from July
2009, when 27,448 children
applied for and were deemed
eligible for TANF subsidies. It is
the third annual increase in a row
after three consecutive years of
annual decrease. The 2010
caseload is the highest level
recorded since 2005.
TANF Assistance: In 2010, the vast majority of children in families that applied
and were deemed eligible for TANF subsidies were non-Hispanic black. The
number of children receiving TANF increased across all three major racial/ethnic
categories between 2009 and 2010.
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for TANF
Assistance by Race/Ethnicity in D.C.
2009-2010
30,000
25,000
Number of Children
There were 27,287 non-Hispanic black
children in families that applied and were
deemed eligible for TANF subsidies in
2010. This represents 95 percent of the
total number of children receiving TANF
benefits and is an increase of 989 children
(4 percent) since 2009. The number of
Hispanic children receiving TANF benefits
increased more dramatically but from a
much lower base: there were 1,228 such
Hispanic children in 2010, an increase of
261 children (27 percent) since 2009. Only
80 non-Hispanic white children were in
families receiving TANF subsidies in 2010,
an increase of 18 children (29 percent).
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
July 2009
Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black
62
26,298
967
43
July 2010
80
27,287
1228
65
Note: Data are the number of children eligible in July of each year.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
40
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
TANF Assistance: More children applied and were deemed eligible for TANF
subsidies in every ward except Ward 3 in 2010 compared to 2009. Ward 4 had the
greatest increase of all the wards.
The number of children in families
receiving TANF increased in every ward
in July 2010 relative to July 2009 except
Ward 3. Ward 4 had the largest
percentage increase in the number of
children in families receiving TANF
between July 2009 and July 2010 (12
percent more between the two years).
Only Ward 3 had a decrease in the
number of children between the two
years, only one less child applying for and
deemed eligible for TANF subsidies.
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for TANF Assistance
by Ward in D.C.
2009-2010
9,000
8,000
Number of Children
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
Ward 8 continues to have the greatest
number of children applying for and
deemed eligible for TANF subsidies
(10,217 in July 2010). Alternatively, Ward
3 continues to have the fewest TANF
applicants, only 20 in July 2010.
2,000
1,000
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
July 2009
1,773
525
21
2,156
3,848
2,448
6,910
Ward 8
9,914
July 2010
1,888
550
20
2,424
3,862
2,584
7,204
10,217
Note: Data are the number of children eligible in July of each year.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
Medicaid and SCHIP: The number of children and youth who applied and were
deemed eligible for Medicaid and SCHIP was at its highest level of the past nine
years.
As of June 2009, 74,870 children and youth in
families applied and were deemed eligible for
Medicaid or SCHIP, according to the D.C.
Department of Human Services, Income
Maintenance Administration. This was an
increase of 3.8 percent from the June 2008
level, the second consecutive year of increases.
This brings Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility to
its highest level since 2000 (the earliest data
available).
Number of Children and Youth who Applied for and Were Eligible
for Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program
(SCHIP) in D.C.
2000-2009
80,000
71,953
67,282
70,000
63,535
69,003
73,314
72,361
69,700
72,098
74,870
64,320
60,000
Number of Children
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact
Book since updated data from the Income
Maintenance Administration, D.C.
Department of Human Services were not
available for this report.)
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
June 2000 June 2001 June 2002 June 2003 June 2004 June 2005 June 2006 June 2007 June 2008 June 2009
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data were
not yet available. Data are the number of children eligible in June of each year. Data include children and youth
under age 21.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
41
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Medicaid and SCHIP: More children and youth applied and were deemed
eligible for Medicaid and SCHIP in seven out of the eight wards in 2009 compared
to 2008. Ward 8 had the greatest increase of all the wards.
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for Medicaid and
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) by Ward in D.C.
2008-2009
(Note that the information reported here is identical to the
narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data from the
Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of
Human Services were not available for this report.)
18,000
16,000
According to the D.C. Department of Human Services,
Income Maintenance Administration, the number of children
and youth in families receiving Medicaid and SCHIP
increased in every ward in 2009 relative to 2008 except for
Ward 6. Ward 8 had the greatest increase in the children and
youth who applied and were deemed eligible for Medicaid or
SCHIP since June 2008 (an increase in 1,116 children or 8
percent). Only Ward 6 had a decrease in the number of
children and youth between the two years, less than a 1
percent decrease.
Number of Children
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
June 2008
7,847
10,297
379
9,617
8,614
7,528
13,021
14,789
June 2009
7,898
10,538
450
10,175
9,076
7,521
13,307
15,905
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available. Data are the number of children eligible in June of each year. There were fewer than
10 children with unknown ward in any year.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
Ward 8 continues to have the greatest number of children and
youth who applied for and deemed eligible for Medicaid and
SCHIP (15,905 children and youth, or 21 percent of such
children and youth in the District, in June 2009). Ward 3 had
only 450 such children and youth, making up 0.6 percent.
SNAP Assistance: The number of children in families who applied and were
deemed eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
increased substantially between July 2009 and July 2010, for a second year in a row.
Number of Children who Applied for and Were Eligible for the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in D.C.
2001-2010
50,000
43,142
40,000
Number of Children
The number of children in families
receiving the Supplemental
Nutrition Assistance (SNAP)
program (formerly called food
stamps) increased substantially
between July 2009 and July 2010.
As of July 2010, 43,142 children in
families applied and were deemed
eligible for SNAP benefits, an 11
percent increase compared to July
2009, according to D.C.
Department of Human Services,
Income Maintenance
Administration. This brings SNAP
eligibility to its highest level since
2001 (the earliest data available).
38,283
35,332
35,734
July 2001
July 2002
38,746
38,894
38,437
36,344
34,569
35,019
July 2007
July 2008
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
July 2003
July 2004
July 2005
July 2006
July 2009
July 2010
Note: 2001-2010 data are the number of children in July of each year. Until October 1, 2008, SNAP was referred to as the
food stamp program.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
42
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
SNAP Assistance: Between 2009 and 2010, the number of Hispanic children who
received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits increased
the most compared with all other racial/ethnic categories.
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for the Supplemental
Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) by Race/Ethnicity in D.C.
2009-2010
In July 2010, the number of Hispanic children
receiving SNAP benefits reached 3,553
children, a substantial increase of 1,047
children or 42 percent, compared to 2009.
Hispanic children now represent almost 8
percent of total SNAP recipients, up from 6
percent in July 2009. In 2010, 39,043 nonHispanic black children received SNAP
benefits (formerly call food stamps), an increase
of 3,086 children (9 percent) since 2009. NonHispanic black children account for 90 percent
of all SNAP recipients in the District. Only
125 white children received SNAP benefits in
July 2010.
40,000
35,000
Number of Children
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
White
Black
Hispanic
Other
Unknown
July 2009
99
35,967
2,506
117
215
July 2010
125
39,043
3,553
156
265
Note: Data are the number of children eligible in July of each year. Until October 1, 2008, SNAP was
referred to as the food stamp program.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
SNAP Assistance: More children applied and were deemed eligible for the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in every ward in 2009
compared to 2008. Ward 4 had the greatest meaningful increase of all the wards.
(Note that the information reported here is identical to the
narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data from
the Income Maintenance Administration, D.C.
Department of Human Services were not available for this
report.)
Number of Children Applied for and Eligible for the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) by
Ward in D.C.
2008-2009
12,000
10,000
Number of Children
The number of children in families who applied and were
deemed eligible to receive SNAP assistance (formerly called
food stamps) increased in every ward in June 2009 relative
to June 2008. Ward 4 had the largest percentage increase in
the number of children receiving SNAP assistance between
June 2008 and June 2009 (25 percent more between the
two years). Ward 3 also had a large increase (83 percent);
however, the total numbers were so small (55 children in
June 2009) that the increase is less significant.
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Ward 8 continues to have the greatest number of children
who applied for and deemed eligible for SNAP (10,697
children, or 27 percent of such children in the District, in
June 2009). Ward 3 (55 children) represented less than 1
percent of all child SNAP assistance recipients.
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
June 2008
2,536
2,533
30
3,182
4,785
4,746
7,906
10,089
June 2009
2,940
2,668
55
3,978
5,191
4,966
8,820
10,697
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since
updated data were not available. Data are the number of children in June of each year. Until October
1, 2008, SNAP was referred to as the Food Stamp program.
Source: Income Maintenance Administration, D.C. Department of Human Services
43
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Subsidized Child Care: The number of children served by subsidized child care
through DCPS and OSSE increased in 2010.
Subsidized Child Care Programs in D.C. 2000-2010
Program Area
2000
2001
2002
2003*
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
10,302 9,547
84
85
9,642
88
2009** 2010***
7,000
56
12,350 10,000 7,040
100
130
62
7,145
61
7,617
60
7,653
112
216
15
34
11,451 11,947 11,396 10,001 14,060 11,854 11,816 11,862 11,472** 11,395
124
140
144
124
129
146
146
152
96
84
222
235
231
228
148
209
214
222
208
201
14
7
9
3
4
2
0
3
2
1
31
33
53
52
56
87
105
96
66
34
DC Public Schools Out-of School
Time Programs1
Number of children participated
Number of school sites
7,928
50
10,217
51
Office of the State Superintendent
of Education, Division of Early
Childhood Education2
Number of children subsidized
number of family child care homes
number of child development centers
number of in-home providers
number of relative providers
number of children paticipated
(out-of-school time or OST)
number of OST grantees
number of children particpated
(home visitors/parent-child/HIPPY
programs (1-year program)
Total number of children subsidized
328
3
773
7
712
6
580
6
599
5
136
11,653 23,801 21,947 18,736 17,146 21,677 22,484 22,136 22,352 19,980** 22,211
Source: DCPSAFA; DPR Summer Program; DHS/ECEA Child Care Subsidy Program and OST Grantees (FY 2000 -2007); DCPSAFA;
OSSE/ECE Child Care Subsidy Program and OST Grantees (FY 2008 - 2009); DCPSOST (11/17/2010); OSSE/ECE Child Care Subsidy
Program and OST Grantees (FY 2010)
1
Name changed in FY 10; previously was named DCPS Aftercare for All Program
2
Name changed in FY 10; previously was named Office of Early Childhood Education
*2003 does not include summer program.
** Data revised from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book. Revised data as of 11/12/2010.
***Data as of 11/12/2010
2,289 children, from 2009. Nonetheless, there was only
a slight increase in the number of participating school
sites: 51 school sites hosted after-school care programs in
2010 compared with 50 sites in 2009.
Many poor, working families in the District of
Columbia must rely on subsidized child care programs
supported by the Office of the State Superintendent of
Education’s (OSSE) Division of Early Childhood
Education (ECE). By using these services, parents can
obtain extended hours of care for their children at a
lower cost. The top half of the table reports the number
of children served by the two main subsidized child care
providers in the District. The D.C. Public Schools Out-ofSchool Time Programs program provides out-of-school
time care to school-age children up to age 12 at public
school sites with funding from ECE. Children attended
subsidized out-of-school time programs either during
after-school care in the school year or during the
summer months when school is not in session. In fiscal
year 2010, DCPS out-of-school time programs reported
serving 10,217 children, an increase of 29 percent, or
The second set of subsidized child care programs in the
bottom half of the table are provided by ECE. These
programs help eligible families to pay for child care for
children from 6 weeks through age 12 and children with
disabilities through age 18. The number of children
provided services by ECE through the subsidized child
care program represents the total unduplicated count of
children at any time during the year. The number of
children subsidized by ECE held fairly constant with
11,395 children in 2010, a decrease of less than 1
percent compared to 2009.
44
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Homelessness: The literally homeless population and the number of formerly
homeless residing in permanently supported housing increased between 2009
and 2010.
Snapshot of the Number of Homeless in D.C.
January 2001- January 2010
Total Number of Homeless Counted
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2001*
2002*
2003*
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
7,058
7,468
7,950
8,253
8,977
9,369
9,339
9,050
9,697
11,141
Permanently- Supported Homeless
*
*
*
2,425
2,951
3,212
3,542
3,006
3,469
4,602
Literally Homeless
*
*
*
5,828
6,026
6,157
5,757
6,044
6,228
6,539
Total
Source: Data provided by Community Partnership for the Prevention of Homelessness & Metropolitan Washington
Council on Governments, The Homeless Services Planning and Coordinating Committee.
*2001 - 2003: Literally homeless and permanently - supported breakdowns unavailable.
The Homeless Services Planning and
Coordinating Committee (HSPCC) of
the Metropolitan Washington Council
of Governments reported that the
number of literally homeless increased
in the District by 5 percent between
January 2009 and January 2010.
HSPCC reported a total of 6,539
literally homeless persons – of which
1,535 are children – in the District in
January 2010, 311 more persons than
in January 2009. The January 2010
numbers were an increase of 711
people, or 12 percent, over the January
2004 numbers (the first year the
literally homeless data were available).
In January 2010, 4,602 formerly
homeless individuals and persons in
families were residing in permanent
supportive housing. This increase of 33
percent since January 2009 continued
the upward trend between 2005 and
2007 after the decrease in 2008.
Family Structure: Half of all children in the District continue to live in singlefemale-headed households.
Of the District’s 112,501 children under age 18, 49.6
percent (±3.7 percentage points) lived in a family headed
by a single woman related to the child in 2010 (the average
of the 2009 and 2010 Current Population Survey
estimates). This statistic includes children living with single
mothers as well as those living in households headed by a
female relative, such as a grandmother or aunt. Another
44.5 percent of children (±3.7 percentage points) lived in
related married-couple families, and 4.6 percent of children
(±5.0 percentage points) lived in a family headed by a
single male related to the child. The remaining 1.4 percent
(±5.7 percentage points) lived with nonrelatives, including
foster care arrangements. The shares of children living in
these family arrangements did not differ meaningfully from
the estimates in 2009.
Share of Children Under Age 18 by Family Type
2010
No Related
Children Present
1% (1,545)
Married Couple
with Related
Children
44% (50,013)
Single Female
with Related Children
(mother or relative)
50% (55,770)
Single Male with
Related Children
(father or other relative)
5% (5,173)
Source: March 2009 and 2010 Current Population Estimates (CPS), US Census
45
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Poverty: Over half of all children living in households headed by single women in
the District were poor in 2009.
Estimated Poverty Rates by Household Types With Children in D.C., 2009
Households With Children Present
2009*
All households with children
Married couple with related children
Single male with related children (father or other relative)
Single female with related children (mother or other relative)
No related children present (householder and child(ren) live together but not related)
34.3% (±2.4)
13.3% (±2.6)
11.5% (±7.7)
54.2% (±3.6)
78.6% (±17.8)
Note: The confidence intervals or the range that the estimated rate falls in are show in the ().
*The 2009 estimated poverty rates are averages of the 2008 and 2009 CPS estimates.
Source: March 2009 and 2010 Current Population Estimates (CPS), US Census
Children living in households headed by a single woman are
more likely to be poor than married couple families and singlemale headed families. The Current Population Survey (CPS)
estimated that 54.2 percent (±3.6 percentage points) of
children in single-female-headed households in the District
lived below the federal poverty level in 2009. (This is an
average of the 2008 and 2009 poverty rates from the March
2009 and March 2010 Current Population Estimates). The
2009 share is statistically higher than the 2008 estimate of 48.1
percent (±3.5 percentage points).
Children living in married-couple families continue to have
lower poverty rates; 13.3 percent of children in these families in
the District (±2.6 percentage points) lived in poverty in 2009.
This estimate is not statistically different from the previous
period, meaning there has been no real change in the poverty
rate for married-couple families with children.
Children living in households where they are not related to the
householder (i.e., the category “no related children present”)
have a very high estimated rate of poverty, 78.6 percent in
2009. However, there is a very small number of these
households present in the District (1,545 households).
Grandparent Caregivers: Just over 30 percent of all grandparents who lived with
their grandchildren in the District were responsible for their grandchildren’s care in 2009,
and almost one-eighth of these grandfamilies lived below the federal poverty level.
Grandparent Caregivers in D.C., 2009
District of Columbia
United States
Total Over Age 30 Population
352,790
180,427,165
% of Over 30 Population Who Are Grandparents Living
With Children
3.4%
(12,024)
3.7%
(6,687,495)
% of Grandparents Over Age 30 Living With And Responsible
for Own Grandchildren
33.8%
(4,061)
40.3%
(2,695,317)
% of Grandparents Over Age 30 Responsible for Own
Grandchildren Who Live Below Poverty Level
12.7%
(1,533)
8.2%
(549,474)
Note: The number of individuals are shown in the ().
Source: 2009 American Community Survey (ACS), US Census
According to the American Community Survey, 3.4 percent of
all persons over 30 years old in the District, or 12,024 persons,
were grandparents living with their grandchildren in 2009.
This is just slightly lower than the national rate of 3.7 percent.
Of these grandparents, 33.8 percent, or 4,061 grandparents,
were directly responsible for caring for their grandchildren.
This was lower than the national average of 40.3 percent. Of
grandparents living with their own grandchildren and for
whom poverty status were determined, approximately one in
eight (12.7 percent, or 1,533) of District grandparents who
were responsible for their grandchildren lived below the federal
poverty level, which is higher than the national rate of 8.2
percent, or 549,474 persons.
46
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Single Mothers: The share of births to single mothers increased in 2007 for the
third consecutive year. More than half of all births in the District were to single
mothers.
Percent of Births to Single Mothers in D.C.
1988-2007
(Note that the information reported
here is identical to the narrative in the
2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health,
State Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available for
this report.)
100
Percent of Total Births
80
73
66
62
65
67
67
69
66
66
64
63
60
62
60
57
56
54
56
58
56
59
40
20
0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
The share of births to single mothers
decreased in the District between 1995
and 2003. However, according to vital
statistics data from the D.C. State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration, the share of births to
single mothers was 59 percent in 2007,
an increase from 58 percent in 2006
and 56 percent in 2004 and 2005.
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Single Mothers: Four-fifths of all non-Hispanic black mothers were single in
2007, and the shares of Hispanic single mothers increased between 2006 and 2007.
Looking at the share of births to single
mothers by individual race and ethnicity,
80.2 percent of all non-Hispanic black
mothers in 2007 were single, representing
3,920 live births. More than two-thirds
(72.3 percent) of all Hispanic mothers were
single in 2007, representing 1,075 live
births. Only 6 percent of all non-Hispanic
white mothers were unmarried in 2007,
representing 132 live births. The share of
Hispanic single mothers births increased by
4.5 percentage points between 2006 and
2007, while the shares of non-Hispanic
black and non-Hispanic white single
mothers remained relatively steady between
2006 and 2007.
Percent of Births to Single Mothers by Race/Ethnicity in D.C.
2003-2007
100
Percent of Births to Single Mothers By
Race/Ethnicity
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact
Book since updated data from the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration were not
available for this report.)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Total
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
53.7%
5.5%
74.3%
58.6%
16.6%
2004
56.0%
6.2%
77.6%
63.1%
17.7%
2005
56.0%
5.5%
77.4%
67.7%
13.6%
2006
57.6%
5.6%
79.4%
67.8%
19.5%
2007
58.5%
6.0%
80.2%
72.3%
15.4%
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated
data were not yet available. There were fewer than 23 births to single mothers with unknown race in
any year. The earliest data available for race/ethnic categories is 2003.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
47
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Single Mothers: Over 80 percent of mothers who gave birth in 2007 were single
in Wards 7 and 8.
Percent of Births to Single Mothers By Ward
Percent of Births to Single Mothers in D.C. by Ward
2000-2007
(Note that the information reported
here is identical to the narrative in the
2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health,
State Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available for
this report.)
100
90
80
70
60
Ward 8 had the highest share of single
mother births in 2007, with 1,299 live
births to single mothers, or 84.1
percent of all live births in the ward.
Ward 7, which had the highest share of
single mother births from 2000-2005,
had the next highest share of new
single mothers in 2007. Of the 1,207
live births in Ward 7 in 2007, 83.1
percent were to single mothers. Ward 3
has consistently had the lowest share of
births to single mothers since 2000,
never rising above 10 percent.
50
40
30
20
10
0
Total
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2000*
60.3%
55.1%
52.0%
6.5%
56.4%
73.8%
65.4%
83.3%
79.0%
2001*
57.4%
53.3%
50.4%
4.8%
56.2%
71.8%
60.8%
83.9%
75.9%
2002
56.5%
55.2%
29.9%
5.2%
49.1%
73.0%
50.4%
81.2%
78.4%
2003
53.7%
52.8%
26.9%
6.3%
47.5%
68.1%
47.6%
78.3%
75.9%
2004
56.0%
54.2%
29.8%
8.1%
49.2%
66.5%
49.7%
82.8%
79.7%
2005
56.0%
52.4%
29.3%
5.4%
51.9%
67.4%
45.5%
83.6%
80.2%
2006
57.6%
56.9%
30.0%
5.3%
53.1%
68.4%
44.6%
82.4%
83.4%
2007
58.5%
56.5%
28.2%
7.6%
56.3%
69.8%
42.1%
83.1%
84.1%
* Data corrected from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book using data from the 2002 and 2003 Kids Count Fact Books.
Updated (2008) data were not yet available. There were fewer than 8 births to single mothers with unknown
ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Teenage Births: Teenage births remained high in 2007.
Births to teenage mothers rose again in 2007
after falling continuously from 1997 to 2005.
In 2007, mothers under the age of 20
accounted for 12.2 percent of births in the
District, a slight increase from 12.0 percent in
2006. Despite this increase, teenage births in
the District remain well below the levels
observed in the 1990s, when they accounted
for at least 14.8 percent of all births each year.
The average age of all District mothers
remained high, at 28 years old for all women
giving birth, for the seventh consecutive year.
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C.
1989-2007
20.0%
18.1
17.8
17.2
17.1
16.8
16.2
15.6
Percent of Total Births
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book
since updated data from the D.C. Department
of Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available for this
report.)
15.0%
15.5
15.6
15.3
14.8
14.2
13.3
12.8
12.0
11.4
11.2
12.2
11.0
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
48
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Teenage Births: The share of teenage births for non-Hispanic black women grew
for the second consecutive year in 2007.
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity
2003-2007
(Note that the information reported here is
identical to the narrative in the 2009 Fact
Book since updated data from the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration were not
available for this report.)
Percent of Births to Teenage Mothers
Race/Ethnicity
20.0%
18.0%
16.0%
14.0%
12.0%
Teenage mothers accounted for 17.6
percent of all non-Hispanic black mothers
(858 mothers) who gave birth in 2007, the
second consecutive yearly increase. Teenage
mothers accounted for 13 percent of births
to Hispanic mothers in 2007 resulting in
193 births. Less than 1 percent of nonHispanic white mothers were teenagers in
2007.
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
Total
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
11.4%
0.9%
16.1%
11.0%
3.7%
2004
11.2%
0.3%
16.2%
11.5%
1.8%
2005
11.0%
0.2%
16.1%
11.8%
0.5%
2006
12.0%
0.4%
16.7%
14.8%
3.3%
2007
12.2%
0.7%
17.6%
13.0%
2.3%
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated
data were not yet available. There were fewer than 8 mothers receiving adequate prenatal care with
unknown race in any year. The earliest data available for race/ethnic categories is 2003.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Teenage Births: Almost one fifth of births in Wards 7 and 8 were to teenage mothers
in 2007, compared to just over 1 percent of births to teenage mothers in Ward 3.
Births to teenage mothers
accounted for 19.6 percent of
births in Ward 8, or 302 births,
in 2007. Ward 7 experienced a
decrease in its share of teenage
mothers between 2006 and 2007,
from 19.7 percent to 18.4
percent of births in Ward 7, or
221 births. Only 1.3 percent of
births in Ward 3 were to teenage
mothers, or 10 births in 2007.
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C. by Ward
2000-2007
Percent of Births to Teenage Mothers By Ward
(Note that the information
reported here is identical to the
narrative in the 2009 Fact Book
since updated data from the D.C.
Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration were not available
for this report.)
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
District of Columbia
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
2000
14.2%
12.0%
9.4%
0.9%
10.8%
17.8%
13.8%
19.6%
20.0%
2001
13.3%
12.5%
6.0%
1.0%
10.7%
20.0%
11.5%
19.5%
18.3%
2002
12.8%
12.3%
5.5%
0.5%
11.0%
17.4%
10.7%
18.4%
18.5%
2003
11.4%
7.7%
3.1%
0.3%
9.6%
14.4%
11.0%
18.7%
18.4%
2004
11.2%
8.0%
5.3%
0.9%
10.1%
13.9%
10.9%
18.3%
16.3%
2005
11.0%
9.9%
3.9%
0.2%
8.9%
12.7%
9.4%
18.2%
17.4%
2006
12.0%
11.0%
5.2%
0.3%
10.0%
14.6%
9.2%
19.7%
17.7%
2007
12.2%
12.0%
5.3%
1.3%
9.4%
14.3%
8.0%
18.4%
19.6%
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available. There were fewer than 2 births to teenage mothers with unknown ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
49
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Teenage Births: The share of births held fairly constant for each age group of
teenage mothers, but the number of births to each age group increased in 2007.
Percent of Births to Mothers Under Age 20 in D.C. by Age Group
2001-2007
Percent of Births to Teenage Mothers
by Age Group
9.0%
8.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
Under Age 14
Ages 15 to 17
Ages 18 to 19
2001
0.6%
4.5%
8.3%
2002
0.4%
4.6%
7.8%
2003
0.4%
3.9%
7.1%
2004
0.3%
4.1%
6.8%
2005
0.4%
4.1%
6.6%
2006
0.4%
4.4%
7.3%
2007
0.6%
4.4%
7.4%
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
Nonetheless, because the total number of births
increased from 2006 to 2007, the number of births
increased in each of the age groups. The number of
births to young teenage mothers under age 14 increased
by 50 percent from 2006 to 2007 to 57 births. The
number of births to teenage mothers aged 15 to 17 and
the number of births to teenage mothers aged 18 to 19
also increased, by 5 percent and 6 percent, respectively.
Young teenage mothers under age 14 accounted for 0.6
percent of all mothers who gave birth in 2007, a slight
increase from 2006. Teenage mothers aged 15 to 17
accounted for 4.4 percent of all mothers who gave birth
in 2007, the same share as 2006. Older teenage mothers
aged 18 to 19 accounted for 7.4 percent of all births to
mothers who gave birth 2007, a slightly higher share
from 2006, but still lower than 2001.
50
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Substantiated Abuse Cases: In fiscal year 2009, the number of substantiated
cases of abuse and neglect increased 27 percent from fiscal year 2008.
Number of Substantiated Cases of Abuse and Neglect
FY 2005 - FY 2009
After decreasing two years in a row, in
fiscal year 2009, the D.C. Child and
Family Services Agency substantiated 424
more cases of child physical abuse and
neglect compared to FY2008. In FY2009,
CFSA had 2,004 substantiated cases of
child physical abuse and neglect, an
increase of 27 percent from FY2008,
when there were 1,580 cases.
Abuse
Number of Substantiated Cases
2,500
Neglect
2,004
2,000
1,687
1,713
1,667
1,580
671
1,500
627
585
539
1,060
1,128
1,128
FY 2005
FY 2006
FY 2007
1,000
1,333
500
0
FY 2008*
FY 2009
Source: D.C. Child and Family Services Agency
Note: Abuse includes both sexual and physical abuse.
*FY 2008: Breakdowns of substantiated cases of abuse and neglect are currently unavailable.
Substantiated Abuse Cases: Ward 8 had the highest number of substantiated
cases of child abuse and neglect in fiscal year 2009.
Number of Substantiated Cases of Child Abuse and Neglect by Ward
FY 2009
800
671
700
Number of Substantiated Cases
The D.C. Child and Family
Services Agency provides the
number of substantiated cases of
child abuse and neglect reported
by the ward where the child
lived. Ward 8 had the highest
number of substantiated abuse
and neglect cases, with nearly
twice as many substantiated
abuse and neglect cases compared
to any other ward (671) in
FY2009. Ward 7 had the next
highest number of substantiated
cases with 360, followed by Ward
5 with 343. Ward 3 had the
lowest number of substantiated
cases of child abuse and neglect
with 4.
600
500
400
360
343
300
200
147
140
86
100
79
4
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
Source: DC Child and Family Services Agency
Notes: Abuse includes both sexual and physical abuse. The ward reflects the ward where the child lived.
174 cases were missing the child's home ward.
51
Children and Youth Live in Healthy, Stable
and Supportive Families
Foster Care: The number of children and youth in foster care decreased for the
third year in a row in 2010.
Number of Children and Youth in the Foster Care System in D.C.
FY2003-FY2010
3,000
According to the D.C. Children and
Family Services Agency (CFSA), 2,092
children and youth under the age of 22
were in the District’s foster care system at
the end of fiscal year 2010, a decrease of
51 children and youth, or 2 percent,
since the end of fiscal year 2009. With
the exception of 2007, the District’s
foster care population has decreased
every year since the end of fiscal year
2003, when 2,945 children and youth
were in out-of-home placements.
2,945
2,743
2,554
Number of Children
2,500
2,313
2,343
2,255
2,143
2,092
FY2009*
FY2010
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
FY2003
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008
Source: D.C. Child and Family Services
*Data updated from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
Note: Ages of children and youth in the foster care system are from 0-22 years old.
Domestic Violence: The number of court filings for orders of protection against
domestic violence increased between 2008 and 2009, and the number of adjudicated
protection cases increased as well.
In 2009, 4,447 new requests for civil orders of protection
against domestic violence were filed with the D.C.
Superior Court, an increase of 315 filings, or 8 percent,
from 2008. A majority of filings were for a temporary
order of protection (85 percent) and virtually all of those
(91 percent, or 3,441 filings) were granted by the court.
Disposition of Civil Orders of Protection Against Domestic
Violence, D.C. Superior Court
2009
Total number of
dispositions in
2009 = 4,768
Denied or Withdrawn
3.7%
(177)
Petition
Dismissed
58.5%
(2,790)
Consent Agreement
23.6%
(1,126)
In 2009, 4,768 cases for protection against domestic
violence were adjudicated by a judge, an increase of 296
cases (6.6 percent) from 2008. (Adjudicated cases include
those filed in the current year as well as cases filed in prior
years; they are referred to as the total number of
dispositions.) The proportion of dismissals in 2009 was
58.5 percent, an increase of 2.5 percentage points from 56
percent of all adjudicated cases in 2008. Orders to comply
remained the same between 2008 and 2009 at 4.7 percent
of all adjudicated cases. Orders of consent agreement
decreased by 2 percentage points between 2008 and 2009,
at 23.6 percent of all adjudicated cases. The share of
adjudicated cases that were denied or withdrawn was 3.7
percent in 2009, one percentage point less than in 2008.
Finally, orders by default consisted of 9.5 percent of all
adjudicated cases in 2009, the same as in 2008.
Number of New
Filings for Civil Orders
of Protection in
D.C. Superior Court
Order to Comply
4.7%
(223)
Order By Default
9.5%
(452)
Source: D.C. Superior Court, Domestic Violence Unit
52
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
3,481
3,715
3,738
3,895
4,194
3,845
3,748
3,960
3,863
4,132
4,447
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to
Adulthood
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia and gonorrhea cases held steady in
2008 at the same high levels as 2007. The number of syphilis diagnoses decreased
substantially in 2008.
Cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis
Diagnoses in People Ages 20-24 in D.C.
1999-2008
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Number of New Diagnoses
2,500
1,985
1,964
2,000
1,500
1,005
1,000
1,198
1,158
1,136
1,047
1,042
1,011
928
828
761
698
713
719
683
654
712
603
513
500
46
0
1999
35
2000
27
2001
36
2002
24
2003
20
2004
30
2005
25
2006
42
2007
22
2008
Source: D.C. Bureau of STD Control, Surveillance Unit
Between 2007 and 2008, diagnoses of chlamydia
increased 1 percent to 1,985 diagnoses. The number of
gonorrhea cases decreased 1 percent between 2007 and
2008. While the scale is significantly smaller (only 22
cases in 2008), the number of syphilis cases for young
adults decreased 48 percent between 2007 and 2008.
A total of 2,719 cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and
syphilis were reported among young adults age 20 to 24
in the District in 2008. Between 1999 and 2006, there
was no clear trend for the total number of diagnosed
cases of all three diseases. For instance, between 2003
and 2004, the total number of diagnosed cases increased
by 7 percent, and then between 2005 and 2006, the
total number decreased by 14 percent. However, the
total number of diagnosed cases increased substantially
between 2006 and 2007, by 72 percent, and then stayed
at those high levels in 2008.
53
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to
Adulthood
HIV and AIDS: The number of new HIV/AIDS cases for young adults decreased in
2008. The number of new AIDS cases for young adults age 20 to 24 increased in
2008 reversing the downward trend from 2004 to 2007.
AIDS and HIV Cases Diagnosed Among People Ages 20-24 in D.C.
2004-2008
New cases of AIDS diagnosed*
New Cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed**
119
120
107
107
97
100
Number of New Cases
91
80
60
40
35
33
29
26
21
20
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Note: Information in this figure is identical to what was reported in the 2009 Fact Book, since updated data
were not yet available.
* The number of new cases of AIDS diagnosed represents any new case of AIDS diagnosed during this time
period, regardless of HIV diagnosis date.
** The number of new cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed represents (1) a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), (2) a
diagnosis of HIV infection with a later diagnosis of AIDS, and (3) concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection and
AIDS, during this time period.
Source: Government of the District of Columbia, Department of Health, HIV/AIDS Administrations, Strategic
Information Bureau
(Note that the information reported here is identical to
the narrative in the 2009 Fact Book since updated data
from the D.C. Department of Health, HIV/AIDS
Administrations, Strategic Information Bureau were not
available for this report.)
Nonetheless, according to the HIV/AIDS
Administration Strategic Information Bureau, the
number of new cases of AIDS diagnosed among young
adults age 20 to 24 increased in 2008 to 26 from 21 in
2007. This follows a 28 percent decrease from 2006 to
2007 and reverses a downward trend from 2004 to
2007.
The number of new cases of HIV/AIDS decreased in the
District in 2008, after increasing from 2004 to 2007. In
2008, the District had 107 new cases, a 10 percent
decrease from 2007.
54
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to
Adulthood
Foster Care: The number of young adults in the foster care system increased
slightly from fiscal year 2009 to 2010.
The D.C. Child and Family Services
Agency (CFSA) is unique in that it allows
young adults up to age 21 to remain in
the foster care system. At the end of fiscal
year 2010, 342 young adults age 19 to 21
were cared for in the CFSA foster care
system, representing 17 percent of the
foster care population. In fiscal year 2010,
the number of young adults in foster care
increased by 8 youths, or 2 percent, since
the end of fiscal year 2009.
Number of Older Youth in the CFSA Foster Care System in D.C.
FY2006-FY2010
350
Number of Youth Age 19-21
300
342
334
333
296
275
250
200
150
100
50
0
Fiscal Year 2006
Fiscal Year 2007
Fiscal Year 2008 Fiscal Year 2009* Fiscal Year 2010
Source: D.C. Child and Family Services Agency (CFSA)
* Data revised from 2009 Kids Count Fact Book
Violent Deaths: The number of deaths to young adults age 20 to 24 increased
slightly in 2007. Homicide remained the leading cause of death for young adults in the
District.
Deaths to 20- to 24-Year Olds in D.C.
1999 - 2007
All other deaths
Violent deaths
120
Total = 102
100
Number of Deaths
In 2007, there were 55 deaths to
young adults age 20 to 24 in the
District, a 6 percent increase
from 52 deaths in 2006,
according to vital statistics data
from the D.C. State Center for
Health Statistics
Administration. Most of the
deaths to young adults in the
District were males, and most
were violent (i.e., homicides,
accidents, or suicides). In 2007,
44 male deaths accounted for
80 percent of the deaths to
young adults, and 41 violent
deaths accounted for 75 percent
of such deaths. Of the violent
deaths in 2007, 34 were
homicides, which represented
62 percent of all deaths to
young adults.
Total = 93 Total = 93
20
80
27
Total = 80
Total = 73
Total = 66
60
15
Total = 65
12
15
15
20
78
40
73
Total = 52
14
75
14
65
61
50
20
Total = 55
46
38
41
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
55
2005
2006
2007
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to
Adulthood
Violent Deaths: The number of violent deaths to non-Hispanic black young adults
age 20 to 24 continued to be 10 times greater than any other racial/ethnic group.
Violent Deaths to 20- to 24-Year Olds in D.C. by Race/Ethnicity
2003-2007
(Note: Because there was a discrepancy in the coding
of Hispanic cases, we do not recommend comparing
2006 numbers to 2007 numbers.) In 2007, there
were 49 deaths to non-Hispanic blacks age 20 to 24
in the District. Although the number of deaths to
non-Hispanic black young adults was almost 40
times greater than any other racial/ethnic group, it is
almost half the number it was in 2003 (86 deaths),
according to vital statistics data from the D.C. State
Center for Health Statistics Administration. This is
mostly the result of a reduction in the number of
violent deaths to non-Hispanic black adults, from 65
in 2003 to 37 in 2007. The number of violent deaths
to non-Hispanics whites also halved during the same
period from 7 in 2003 to 3 in 2007. The number of
violent deaths to Hispanics mostly held constant
between 2003 and 2007. Homicides represent 89
percent of violent deaths to non-Hispanic blacks and
33 percent of violent deaths to non-Hispanic whites.
70
Number of Violent Deaths
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
2003
7
65
1
2
2004
5
42
2
1
2005
6
55
2
2
2006
2
36
0
0
2007
3
37
1
0
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
* In 2006, there was a discrepancy in the coding of Hispanic cases.
Violent Deaths: The number of violent deaths to young adults age 20 to 24 declined
or held constant in every ward between 2006 and 2007, except for Wards 4 and 8.
Violent Deaths to 20- to 24-Year Olds in D.C. by Ward
2004-2007
15
12
Number of Violent Deaths
In half of the wards (Wards 2, 3, 5, and 6)
the number of violent deaths (violent deaths
include homicides, accidents, or suicides)
held constant between 2006 and 2007. Both
Wards 1 and 7 experienced a 50 percent
decrease in the number of violent deaths to
young adults, while the number of violent
deaths to young adults in Wards 4 and 8
more than doubled. Ward 8 had more than
twice the number of violent deaths to young
adults compared to any other ward in 2007,
with 14 deaths, of which, 13 were homicides.
Ward 3 has consistently had the lowest
number of violent deaths to young adults,
with zero in from 2005 to 2007.
9
6
3
0
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
2004
5
2
2
6
13
5
8
8
2005
6
5
0
9
13
7
10
14
2006
4
4
0
1
6
4
12
6
2007
2
4
0
4
6
4
6
14
Ward 8
Note: The ward indicates where the victim lived, not where the violent death occurred.
There were 2 or fewer deaths with unknown ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State Center for Health Statistics Administration
56
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to
Adulthood
Educational Attainment: Over half of the young adults living in the District were
either enrolled in college or graduated from college in 2006 through 2008.
In this new global economy, young adults are expected to
graduate from high school and continue on for higher
education to ensure a promising career. The American
Community Survey (ACS) estimates the educational
attainment of young adults age 18 to 24 for 2006
through 2008. These estimates include young adults who
move to the District to attend college in Washington,
D.C. or the surrounding area but they may not
necessarily be from the District. More than one-quarter
(26 percent) of young adults in the District had
graduated from college on average between 2006 and
2008 (three ACS estimates averaged together), 28 percent
were enrolled in college, 27 percent were high school
graduates but were not enrolled in college, 13 percent had
not yet graduated from high school, and 6 percent had
some years of college experience but were not still enrolled.
Educational Attainment for 18- to 24-Year Olds in the District
2006-2008
Less than
high school graduate
13%
College graduate
26%
Total number = 75,317
High school graduate
27%
Some college,
in school
28%
Some college,
not in school
6%
Of the 13 percent (or approximately 10,216) of young
adults who have not yet graduated from high school, on
average 36 percent were enrolled in high school (or some
equivalent) in 2006–08, and 64 percent were not enrolled
and can be considered high school dropouts. We know
from other research that many of these young adults who
have not yet graduated but were still attending high
school are likely to also drop out of school and not
graduate as well because of their age.
Source: 2006-2008 American Community Survey (ACS) micro level data provided by the Integrated
Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS)
Employment Status: On average, more than half of the young adults living in the
District were employed between 2006 and 2008.
Share of Young Adults Not Enrolled in College by Employment
Status In the District
2006-2008
If young adults do not continue on for more
education then they are expected to join the work
force. Of those young adults who were not currently
enrolled in college between 2006 and 2008 (estimated
to be approximately 48,108), on average 57 percent
were employed, 29 percent were not in the labor force,
10 percent were unemployed, and 4 percent were in
the armed services according to the 2006 through
2008 American Community Survey. (The young
adults included in this analysis could have already
graduated from college, had some college experience
but not currently enrolled, were high school graduates,
or had not yet graduated from high school.)
Total number = 48,108
Not in Labor Force
29%
Employed
57%
Unemployed
10%
Armed Forces
4%
Note: The number of young adults (18-24 years old) include those already graduated from college, with
some college experience but not enrolled, high school graduates, and those who have not yet graduated
from high school.
Source: 2006-2008 American Community Survey (ACS) micro level data provided by the Integrated Public
Use Microdata Series (IPUMS)
57
All Youth Make a Successful Transition to
Adulthood
Graduation Rates: District of Columbia public charter school students graduated
at a higher rate than DCPS students in the 2008-09 school year.
District of Columbia Graduation Rate 2008-09
Graduation Rate
DCPS
PCSB
72.3%
83.4%
Source: Office of the State Superindent of Education
2008-09. For more detailed information about
calculating graduation rates, see the All About the Data
Section.
Public charter schools posted an 83.4 percent graduation
rate in 2008-09, 11.1 percentage points higher than the
72.3 percent rate of DCPS. Of the District’s 70,919
students, 36 percent attended a public charter school in
Out of School Programs: Out-Of-School Time Participants
Number of children participating in CYITC-Funded Out-of-School Time
and Summer Programs, SY2009-10
Number of Participants
Total
Out-of-School Time Programs (2009-10)
Summer Programs (2010)
13,162
2,352
10,810
In school year 2009-10, 13,162 children participated in
D.C. Children & Youth Investment Trust Corporation
(CYITC) funded out-of-school time and summer
programs. Of those, 2,352 children (18 percent)
participated in out-of-school time programs during the
2009-10 school year, and 10,810 (82 percent)
participated in summer programs in 2010.
58
IV.
SELECTED INDICATORS BY WARD
AND RACE/ETHNICITY
I
Comparing the Wards
n this section, we compare the
District’s eight wards with the city
as a whole and with each other on
various measures of child well-being.
We also compare these selected
indicators by race and ethnicity. The
indicators shown here are among the
few for which we could obtain usable
data at the ward level for those where
racial data were collected.
The table on page 60 compares the
city total to the eight wards. The first
three rows are general demographic
indicators (estimated population,
children under 18, and live births).
The rest are indicators of children’s
health and wellbeing and those
receiving public assistance.
There are two tables plus a map. The
map on this page shows the locations
of each of the eight wards as of 2002.
The tables present statistics on certain
indicators—both numbers of children
affected and rates, usually in terms of
percentages—for the city as a whole
and for each ward or each racial/ethnic
group.
u
First we list the total number of
births to single mothers: 5,190 in
the entire city, 703 in Ward 1.
u
Second, the percentage of all live
births in the city or ward that were
to single mothers: 59 percent of all
LOCATIONS OF WARDS IN THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
To compare the health indicator data,
please note the following pattern for
many of the indicators (using total
number of births to single mothers as
an example):
births in the city were to single
mothers, as were 57 percent of
those in Ward 1.
u
Third, the percent of all single
births in the city or ward that
occurred in that location: 100
percent occurred in the city as a
whole, and 14 percent of them
occurred in Ward 1.
Indicators by Race and Hispanic
Ethnicity
The table on page 61 shows how each
race/ethnicity groups ranks among the
others. The indicators are formed in
the same way as the ward table. In
many areas, the racial/ethnic gap is
stark compared to the ward divisions,
while in others it is more modest.
59
TA B L E I V - 1
Comparing District Wards on Indicators of Child Health, Mortality and Child Welfare Recipiency
Washington, D.C.
District of Columbia
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Ward 5
Ward 6
Ward 7
Ward 8
Total Population, 2000
% of Total Population
572,059
100%
72,978
13%
69,351
12%
73,804
13%
74,939
13%
71,504
12%
68,038
12%
70,545
12%
70,900
12%
Children Under 18, 2000
% of Population that is under 18
% of City's Child Population
114,332
20%
100%
13,029
18%
11%
5,445
8%
5%
8,725
12%
8%
15,332
20%
13%
15,272
21%
13%
11,739
17%
10%
19,425
28%
17%
25,364
36%
22%
8,870
100%
1,244
14%
636
7%
799
9%
1,458
16%
1,039
12%
942
11%
1,207
14%
1,545
17%
Births to Single Mothers, 2007
% of Live Births
% of Births to Single Mothers in City
5,190
59%
100%
703
57%
14%
180
28%
3%
61
8%
1%
822
56%
16%
726
70%
14%
396
42%
8%
1,004
83%
19%
1,299
84%
25%
Births to Teen Mothers (Under 20), 2007
% of Live Births
% of Teen Births in City
1,075
12%
100%
148
12%
14%
34
5%
3%
10
1%
1%
137
9%
13%
148
14%
14%
75
8%
7%
221
18%
21%
302
20%
28%
Births to Child Mothers (Under 18), 2007
% of Live Births
% of Child Births in City
417
5%
100%
55
4%
13%
12
2%
3%
5
1%
1%
54
4%
13%
50
5%
12%
27
3%
7%
91
8%
22%
123
8%
30%
Percent of Births with Adequate Care, 2007
% of Live Births
% of Child Births in City
4,782
63%
100%
689
64%
14%
451
76%
9%
680
87%
14%
776
61%
16%
452
55%
9%
595
70%
12%
498
52%
10%
640
51%
13%
Low Birthweight Babies (Under 5.5 Pounds), 2007 979
% of Live Births
11%
% of Low Birthweight Births in City
100%
114
9%
12%
44
7%
5%
57
7%
6%
141
10%
14%
133
13%
14%
107
11%
11%
165
14%
17%
218
14%
22%
Infant Deaths (Under 1 Year), 2007
Rate (per 1,000 Live Births)
% of Infant Deaths in the City
115
13.0
100%
8
6.4
7%
7
11.0
6%
1
1.1
1%
24
16.6
21%
19
18.2
17%
6
6.4
5%
22
18.2
19%
28
18.1
24%
Deaths to Children and Youth (1-19), 2007
% of Child and Youth Deaths in the City
62
100%
7
11%
1
2%
2
3%
7
11%
10
16%
8
13%
14
23%
13
21%
Deaths to Teens (15-19), 2007
% of Teen Deaths in the City
37
100%
4
11%
1
3%
0
0%
4
11%
3
8%
6
16%
8
22%
11
30%
Teen Murders, 2007
% of Teen Murders in the City
22
100%
2
9%
2
9%
0
0%
2
9%
2
9%
4
18%
4
18%
6
27%
Total Number of Children Eligible for TANF, July 2010 28,752
% of Children Reciveing TANF
100%
1,888
7%
550
2%
20
0%
2,424
8%
3,862
13%
2,584
9%
7,204
25%
10,217
36%
Total Number of Children Receiving SNAP
(food stamps), June 2009**
39,315
% of Children Receiving SNAP (food stamps) 100%
2,940
7%
2,668
7%
55
0%
3,978
10%
5,191
13%
4,966
13%
8,820
22%
10,697
27%
Children Who Applied and Were Eligible
for Medicaid/SCHIP, June 2009**
% of Children Reciveing Medicaid/SCHIP
7,898
11%
10,538
14%
450
1%
10,175
14%
9,076
12%
7,521
10%
13,307
18%
15,905
21%
Babies Born Alive, 2007
% of Live Births in City
Health and Mortality Indicators*
Welfare Indicators
74,870
100%
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000; District of Columbia State Center for Health Statistics; NeighborhoodInfo DC, Urban Institute
Note: Due to lack of geographical data, columns may not add to the total
* Updated (2008) D.C. birth data not available as of November 2010.
** Updated SNAP (food stamp) and Medicaid/SCHIP data not available as of November 2010.
60
TA B L E I V - 2
Comparing Racial and Ethnic Groups on Indicators of Child Health, Mortality and Child Welfare Recipiency
Washington, D.C.
Non-Hispanic
White
Non-Hispanic
Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic*
Other
Unknown
Total
Total Population, 2009
% of Total Population
599,657
100%
201,158
34%
316,105
53%
53,025
9%
29,369
5%
-
Children Under 18, 2009
% of Population that is under 18
% of City's Child Population
114,036
19%
100%
23,330
12%
20%
70,166
22%
62%
13,960
26%
12%
6,580
22%
6%
-
8,870
100%
2,203
25%
4,890
55%
1,487
17%
261
3%
29
0%
Births to Single Mothers, 2007
% of Live Births to Race/Ethnicity Group
% of Births to Single Mothers in City
5,190
59%
100%
132
6%
3%
3,920
80%
76%
1,075
72%
21%
40
15%
1%
23
79%
0%
Births to Teen Mothers (Under 20), 2007
% of Live Births to Race/Ethnicity Group
% of Teen Births in City
1,075
12%
100%
15
1%
1%
858
18%
80%
193
13%
18%
6
2%
1%
3
12%
0%
Births to Child Mothers (Under 18), 2007
% of Live Births to Race/Ethnicity Group
% of Child Births in City
417
5%
100%
6
0%
1%
335
7%
80%
74
5%
18%
1
0%
0%
1
4%
0%
Births with Adequate Care, 2007
% of Live Births to Race/Ethnicity Group
% of Child Births in City
4,782
63%
100%
1,885
87%
39%
1,979
51%
41%
737
56%
15%
180
72%
4%
1
17%
0%
979
11.0%
100.0%
131
5.9%
13.4%
709
14.5%
72.4%
108
7.3%
11.0%
27
10.3%
2.8%
4
15.4%
0.4%
Infant Deaths (Under 1 Year), 2007
Rate (per 1,000 Live Births)
% of Infant Deaths in the City
115
13.0
100%
28
12.7
24%
70
14.3
61%
8
5.4
7%
0
0.0
0%
9
8%
Deaths to Children and Youth (1-19), 2007
% of Child and Youth Deaths in the City
62
100%
5
8%
53
85%
4
6%
0
0%
0
0%
Deaths to Teens (15-19), 2007
% of Teen Deaths in the City
37
100%
1
3%
33
89%
3
8%
0
0%
0
0%
Teen Deaths from Homicide, 2007
% of Teen Deaths from Homicide in the City
22
100%
0
0%
20
91%
2
9%
0
0%
0
0%
Total Number of Children Eligible for TANF
% of Children Reciveing TANF
28,752
100%
80
0%
27,287
95%
1,228
4%
65
0%
152
1%
Total Number of Children Receiving SNAP (food stamps)
% of Children Receiving SNAP (food stamps)
43,142
100%
125
0%
39,043
90%
3,553
8%
156
0%
265
1%
Babies Born Alive, 2007
% of Live Births in City
Health and Mortality Indicators**
Low Birthweight Babies (Under 5.5 Pounds), 2007
% of Live Births to Race/Ethnicity Group
% of Low Birthweight Births in City
Welfare Indicators (July 2010)***
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates, 2009; District of Columbia State Center for Health Statistics; NeighborhoodInfo DC, Urban Institute
*The non-Hispanic other category includes multiple races.
**Updated (2008) D.C. birth data by race not available as of November 2010.
***The racial categories for the welfare indicators are white, black, Hispanic, other, and unknown. Racial breakdowns were not available for Medicaid recipients.
61
V.
A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE DATA
Data Definitions and
Sources
(in alphabetical order)
W
e attempted to define our
indicators clearly and
adequately in the Fact Book
and to indicate data sources in the text and
in all figures and tables. However, some
data sources may need more description,
and certain limitations to the data may
need to be discussed. Therefore, in this
section we provide additional information
on definitions, sources, and data
limitations for a number of the indicators
presented. The D.C. KIDS COUNT Fact
Book strives to report the most recent data
available. For some indicators, like those
on the District’s economy and the TANF,
Food Stamp, and Medicaid programs, the
data published are from 2009 and 2010.
Some health data, such as common
sexually transmitted diseases and
vaccinations, are from 2007 and 2008.
AIDS/HIV
Births to All D.C. Mothers
How Defined: The number of new cases of
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome, refers to the number of new
cases of AIDS diagnosed during this time
period, regardless of HIV diagnosis date.
The number of new cases of HIV/AIDS
diagnosed represents (1) a diagnosis of
HIV infection (not AIDS), (2) a diagnosis
of HIV infection with a later diagnosis of
AIDS, and (3) concurrent diagnoses of
HIV infection and AIDS, during this time
period.
How Defined: Birth records are part of the
vital statistics system and are collected for
all District residents, even if the mother
gives birth in another jurisdiction.
Source: Government of the District of
Columbia, Department of Health,
HIV/AIDS Administration, Strategic
Information Bureau. Data are current as of
2008.
Note: Data have not been updated from the
2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
Vital statistics data (which include all
indicators pertaining to births and deaths)
are collected by the D.C. Department of
Health, State Center for Health Statistics
Administration. All indicators pertaining
to births and deaths are current as of 2007.
Vital statistics are reported with a longer
delay than other sources because birth and
death records must be collected on all
District residents, regardless of where they
were at the time of the birth or death.
These data must be gathered through an
interstate network and are not available
until the second year following their
collection.
Wherever possible, we provide race-level
and ward-level statistics for data reported.
Data not presented in this manner are
generally not available.
62
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
mother is reported to the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration. There
were fewer than 30 births with unknown
race in any year. The earliest data for
race/ethnic categories is from 2003. There
were fewer than 35 births with unknown
ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration. Data are current as of
2007.
Note: Data have not been revised since
2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
Births to Single Mothers
How Defined: The annual number and
percentage of births to mothers who did
not report themselves as married when
registering for the birth.
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
mother is reported to the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration. There
were 23 or fewer births to single mothers
with unknown race in any year. The
earliest data for race/ethnic categories is
from 2003. There were eight or fewer
births to single mothers with unknown
ward in any year. Because births to single
mothers was not available from the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration prior to
2002, 2001 and earlier data are from
previous Kids Count Fact Books
Source: 2000 data are from the 2002 Kids
Count Fact Book, 2001 data are from the
2003 Kids Count Fact Book, 2004-2007
data are from D.C. Department of Health,
State Center for Health Statistics
Administration. Data are current as of
2007.
Note: 2000 and 2001, by ward data have
been corrected since the 2009 Kids Count
Fact Book to match earlier Kids Count
Fact Books. Updated (2008) data were not
available for the 2009 Kids Count Fact
Book.
Births to Teenage Mothers
How Defined: The annual number and
percentage of births to mothers under 20
years old. Note that mothers who are 18 or
19 years old, included in this indicator, are
legally adults.
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
mother is reported to the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration. There
were three or fewer births to teenage
mothers with unknown race in any year.
The earliest data for race/ethnic categories
is from 2003. There were two or fewer
births to teenage mothers with unknown
ward in any year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration. Data are current as of
2007.
Note: Data have not been revised since
2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
Births with Adequate Prenatal Care
How Defined: The annual number and
percentage of infants born to mothers who
received adequate, intermediate, or
inadequate care, as defined by the Kessner
criteria.
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
mother is reported to the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration. There
were fewer than eight mothers receiving
adequate prenatal care with an unknown
race in any year. The earliest data for
race/ethnic categories is from 2003. There
were fewer than 24 mothers receiving
adequate prenatal care with unknown
ward in any year.
Source: Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration. Kessner criteria for
individual births were calculated by the
Urban Institute. Data are current as of
2007.
Limitations: Reporting of prenatal care is
voluntary, usually at the mother’s
discretion, and while many hospitals link
doctor’s office visit records with self
reported data, the level of reporting varies
widely from year to year. In 2007, prenatal
care levels could be determined for 86
percent of all births to mothers living in
the District.
Note: 2000 to 2004, by ward data have
been corrected since the 2009 Kids Count
Fact Book. Updated (2008) data were not
available for the 2009 Kids Count Fact
Book.
D.C. Public School (DCPS and
PCSB) Enrollment
How Defined: The number of children
enrolled as of the official October audited
count under the authority of the Office of
63
the State Superintendent of Education
(OSSE). During the summer of 2007, the
D.C. Board of Education was dissolved
and replaced with the D.C. State Board of
Education so, as of the 2007–08 school
year, the Public Charter School Board
(PCSB) is the sole organization responsible
for the administration and governance of
all the District’s charter schools.
Source: Office of the State Superintendent
of Education (OSSE). Data are current as
of the 2009-10 school year.
Limitations: OSSE conducted the first
student audit in October 2001. Thus, data
on student enrollment from school years
prior to 2001-02 are from the Kids Count
archives.
Foster Care
How Defined: The number of children and
young adults under the supervision of the
D.C. Child and Family Services Agency.
Source: D.C. Children and Family Services
Agency. Data are from the FY2010
(October 1, 2009-September 30, 2010).
Limitations: These figures are the total
number of children and young adults
served by CFSA during the entire fiscal
year. This includes persons placed in
temporary care, which will often last less
than the full year.
Free and Reduced Price Lunch
How Defined: The percent of students
eligible for free and reduced priced lunch is
based on the numbers reported by the
LEAs to the Office of the State
Superintendent of Education (OSSE) on
the November claim for reimbursement.
OSSE insures that the LEAs receive the
federal funds for the National School
Lunch program. The LEA reports the
eligibility numbers after they take their fall
enrollment count of students and eligible
student for free or reduced price lunch.
DCPS is one LEA, while each individual
public charter school is its own LEA.
Source: Office of the State Superintendent
of Education. Data are current as of 200910 school year.
Limitations: According to OSSE, the
percent of students eligible for free and
reduced price lunch fluctuates during the
school year because of changes in a family’s
income and the fluctuations in student
enrollment. These percentages only
represent the free and reduced priced
eligibility at one specific time during the
2009-10 school year (November 2009).
Full-Time Employment
How Defined: The percent of children
under the age of 18 living in families
where no parents has full-time, year-round
employment.
Source: Population Reference Bureau using
American Community Survey data.
Note: For children living in single-parent
families, the resident parent did not work
at least 35 hours per week, at least 50
weeks in the 12 months prior to the
survey. For children living in marriedcouple families, neither parent worked at
least 35 hours per week, at least 50 weeks
in the 12 months prior to the survey.
Children living with neither parent were
listed as not having secure parental
employment because those children are
likely to be economically vulnerable.
Children under age 18 who are
householders, spouses of householders, or
unmarried partners of householders were
excluded from this analysis. Because of
differences in the way labor force
participation data was collected for the
2008 American Community Survey, a
break in series is recommended between
2007 and 2008. We do not recommend
comparing 2008 data to earlier data.
High School Graduation Rates
How Defined: The District of Columbia
currently uses the NCES methodology for
determining graduation rate. The
calculation is: (total number of graduates
in 2009) / (total number of graduates in
2009 + total number of dropouts in grade
12 in 2008-2009 + total number of
dropouts in grade 11 in 2007-2008 + total
number of dropouts in grade 10 in 20062007 + total number of dropouts in grade
9 in 2005-2006). Starting with the
graduating class of 2011, the District of
Columbia will shift to a four-year adjusted
cohort graduation rate as required by the
U.S. Department of Education.
Source: Office of the State Superintendent
of Education
Limitations: Data are current as of the
2008-2009 school year.
Homeless Children and Families
How Defined: Data are a yearly point in
time snapshot of the literally homeless and
those in permanently supported housing
(or the formerly homeless). The literally
homeless are those who are on the streets,
in emergency shelters temporarily, in
transitional supportive housing, and in
precarious housing at imminent risk of loss
and are looking into shelters. The formerly
homeless are people who live in permanent
supportive housing but who, because of
extreme poverty or serious mental or
physical disabilities, would be at risk of
becoming homeless again without this
housing. In the past, we have reported the
number of literally homeless and the
number of formerly homeless
(permanently-supported homeless)
together as the total homeless population,
but starting with this last year’s Fact Book,
we make the distinction between these two
populations. (Data on the number of
literally and permanently supported
homeless are only available from 2004
onwards.)
64
Source: The Homeless Services Planning
and Coordinating Committee of the
Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments and the Community
Partnership for the Prevention of
Homelessness. The snapshot data of the
literally and formerly homeless are as
current as of January 2010.
Limitations: The count of the number of
persons who were literally homeless or
permanently-support homeless is an
estimate from a single point-in-time on a
specific day. The HSPCC attempts to
count the entire homeless population in
the region during one day in January of
each year. January was selected because
people are most likely to be in shelters at
this time of the year, rather than living on
the streets, and are therefore easier to
count. However, since people may move in
and out of homelessness, the number of
persons who may have been homeless at
any time during the year is likely to be
three to five times higher than this
estimate, according to experts.
Infant Mortality Rate
How Defined: The number of deaths to
infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births.
Note that this is not a percentage.
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
mother is reported to the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration. There
were 11 or fewer deaths with unknown
race in any year. In 2006, there was a
discrepancy in the coding of Hispanic
cases; we therefore do not recommend
comparing 2006 by race data with any
other year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration. City-wide data are current
as of 2007.
Juvenile Cases
How Defined: The annual number of new
cases formally petitioned against juveniles
(under age 18) in the D.C. Superior
Court. The court classifies cases filed
against juveniles in five categories: acts
against persons, acts against property, acts
against the public order, drug law
violations, and other offenses.
This is the third year that we are unable to
report the share of referrals that can be
attributed to crimes against persons,
property, and public order. Instead, we can
only provide these breakdowns for juvenile
delinquent cases formally petitioned in
2007. To be clear, the difference between
these two indicators, the number of cases
filed against juveniles and referred to the
D.C. Superior Court and the number of
cases formally petitioned in a court, is that
they represent different stages in the
juvenile court process for delinquency
cases. After the initial offense is
committed, juveniles enter into the
juvenile court system either through
apprehension by a law enforcement official
or through referrals (parole officers,
teachers, etc.) Many of the referrals do not
move forward to the next step, in which
the intake department would decide
whether or not the case should be handled
formally within the juvenile court and if a
petition would be made as a result.
Source: Annual Report to Congress, Family
Court 2010
Low-Birth Weight Babies
How Defined: The annual number of babies
weighing under 5.5 pounds (2,500 grams)
at birth.
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
mother is reported to the D.C.
Department of Health, State Center for
Health Statistics Administration. There
were fewer than five low-weight births
with unknown race in any year. The
earliest data for race/ethnic categories is
from 2003. There were fewer than two
low-weight births with unknown race
ward in any year. Ward refers to infant’s
residence reported at birth.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration. Data are current as of
2007.
Note: Data have not been revised from
2009 Kids Count Fact Book.
Overweight and Obese
How Defined: The percentage of obese high
school students refers to the percentage of
students in D.C. public schools with a
BMI at or above the 95th percentile. The
percentage of overweight and obese
students refers to the percentage of
students in D.C. public schools with a
BMI at or above the 85th percentile.
Source: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
System. Data are current as of 2007.
Note: Data have not been revised from
2008 and 2009 Kids Count Fact Books.
Poverty Rate and Family Type
(CPS)
How Defined: The number of children
living in families with incomes below the
federal poverty level. The Social Security
Administration (SSA) developed the
original poverty definition in 1964, which
federal interagency committees
subsequently revised in 1969 and 1980.
Poverty status is based on a family’s total
income with the poverty threshold
appropriate for the family size and
composition. If the total family income is
less than the threshold amount, then every
person in the family, including all children,
is considered poor. Poverty thresholds are
adjusted annually for changes in the cost
of living as reflected in the Consumer Price
Index (CPI-U). The poverty thresholds are
the same for all parts of the country—they
are not adjusted for regional, state, or local
variations in the cost of living. (For a
detailed discussion of the poverty
definition, see U.S. Census Bureau,
Current Population reports, “Poverty in
the United States: 1999,” p. 60–210.)
By race: Racial breakdowns are provided by
the U.S. Census Bureau.
Source: The U.S. Census Bureau, Current
Population Survey (CPS).
Limitations: The U.S. Census Bureau
collects national poverty data every 10
years. To obtain poverty rates for years
between decennial censuses, we use the
U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population
Survey (CPS). Results from the CPS are
65
not directly comparable to those from the
decennial census, as in the past the CPS
has often yielded considerably lower
poverty estimates. This is mainly because
the CPS is based on a smaller sample and
less effort is made to reach respondents
than in the decennial census. Poor people
are generally harder to contact, and thus
are more likely to be missed in the CPS.
However, the CPS expanded its sample in
2002 from 50,000 to 80,000 people to
add more households with children.
Furthermore, the CPS collects a greater
amount and more detailed information on
households, income, and employment,
information important to the
determination of poverty levels. For these
reasons, the CPS has been considered the
most reliable source of poverty estimates
between decennial censuses.
Unlike most other data in this report, the
CPS provides estimates based on a sample
of the population, which introduces
uncertainty from sampling error. To reduce
the uncertainty we averaged two years
worth of population estimates (which
increases the sample size thus reducing
potential inaccuracies), as well as
performing statistical tests to determine
whether differences between poverty rates
from different years could be attributed to
sampling error and therefore were not
meaningful. We also report the confidence
interval to indicate the precision of a
particular CPS-derived estimate.
Confidence intervals are shown as
“±(number of percentage points),” and
they provide a range in which the true
value most likely falls. For example, we
report that “The 2009 child poverty rate
(an average of the 2008 and 2009 poverty
rates from the March 2009 and March
2010 Current Population Estimates) was
32.0 percent (±2.4 percentage points)”.
This means that the March 2009 and
March 2010 CPS indicated that the
average poverty rate during the calendar
years 2008 and 2009 most likely fell
between 29.6 and 34.4 percent.
SAT Scores
How Defined: As defined by the College
Board, we looked at math, writing, and
verbal scores for seniors graduating in
2010.
Note: Ward have not been revised from
2008 and 2009 Kids Count Fact Books.
Student Performance
Sources: College Board State Reports for
the District and the nation as a whole.
Data are current for the 2009-2010 year
for graduating seniors.
How Defined: The percentage of public
school students in grades 3 through 8 and
grade 10 who performed at the proficient
or advanced levels on the District of
Columbia Comprehensive Assessment
System (DCCAS) exam.
Note: Students are only counted once,
regardless of how many times the student
took the test. Scores reflect a student’s
most recent test.
Sources: D.C. Public Schools, Academic
Performance Database System and the
D.C. Public Charter School Board. Data
are current as of school year 2009–10.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Further information: The DCCAS replaced
the Stanford-9, a national test that had
been given each year to District public
school students, in the spring of 2006. The
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act
requires states to categorize student
performance according to four levels:
below basic, basic, proficient, and
advanced. The NCLB Act’s Adequate
Yearly Progress (AYP) requirements specify
that all students in the state must be
performing at the proficient or advanced
levels no later than 12 years after the new
standards have been put in place. (For
more detail on AYP requirements, see:
http://www.ed.gov/nclb/accountability/sch
ools/accountability.html.) The student
How Defined: The number of reported cases
of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. The
number of syphilis cases includes early,
late, and congenital cases.
By ward: Data for wards with fewer than
five cases are not given a specified number
of cases, but rather represented as “<5” for
confidentiality reasons. Updated ward data
were not available for the 2010 Kids
Count Fact Book.
Source: D.C. Bureau of Sexually
Transmitted Disease Control, Surveillance
Unit. Data are current as of 2007 and
2008.
All confidence intervals in this report were
calculated at a 90-percent confidence level.
66
performance measures presented in the
Fact Book are intended to track progress
towards meeting the District’s AYP goals.
The numbers published in the fact book
represent the most up-to-date performance
statistics and therefore differ from the
numbers published on the website of the
Office of the State Superintendent of
Education.
Subsidized Child Care
By ward: The D.C. Child and Family
Services Agency provides the number of
substantiated cases by the ward where the
child lived. There were 174 cases where the
child’s home ward was missing.
Source: D.C. Child and Family Services
Agency. Data are current as of FY2009.
TANF (Welfare), SNAP, and
Medicaid Cases
How Defined: The D.C. Public Schools
(DCPS) Out-of-School Time Programs
program serves children who are of school
age up to 12 years old at public school
sites. The numbers of children served by
DCPS are a snapshot at the highest
attendance month for each year. The
Division of Early Childhood Education in
the Office of the State Superintendent of
Education subsidize children from 6 weeks
through 12 years old and disabled children
up to 18 years old. The numbers of
children served by ECE represent the total
unduplicated count of children who
received subsidized child care at any time
during the year.
How Defined: The number of children who
were listed on the Temporary Assistance to
Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental
Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) program
(formerly called food stamps), and
Medicaid rolls as being eligible to receive
benefits in a given time period (month and
year).
Source: The Office of the State
Superintendent of Education’s (OSSE)
Division of Early Childhood Education
(ECE). All 2010 data provided in this
publication are preliminary as of
November 2010. The 2009 data have been
updated since last year’s publication.
By ward: Ward breakdowns are provided by
the D.C. Department of Human Services,
Income Maintenance Administration
along with city-wide numbers for SNAP
and Medicaid/SCHIP. For TANF, ward
breakdowns were calculated from July
2010 TANF and SNAP individual client
data collected by NeighborhoodInfo DC
provided by the D.C. Department of
Human Services, Income Maintenance
Administration.
Substantiated Child Abuse and
Neglect Cases
How Defined: The annual number of cases
of child abuse and neglect substantiated by
the D.C. Child and Family Services
Agency.
By race: Racial breakdowns for TANF and
SNAP were calculated from July 2010
TANF and SNAP individual client data
collected by NeighborhoodInfo DC
provided by the D.C. Department of
Human Services, Income Maintenance
Administration.
Source: D.C. Department of Human
Services, Income Maintenance
Administration. TANF and SNAP (not by
ward) data are current as of July 2010.
Note: SCHIP data and SNAP by ward data
were not updated.
67
Limitations: The data do not indicate the
number of children who are eligible to
receive benefits out of the entire District
population, only among those children
whose families have formally applied for
benefits in each program.
Vaccination Rate
How Defined: The CDC conducts surveys
in each geography across the nation
through a quarterly random-digit dial
sample. In 2009, the D.C. response rate of
the survey was 100 percent, with 6,101
enrolled kindergarteners.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Immunization
Survey. Data are current as of 2007.
Note: Data for the District’s vaccination
coverage for 2006 was revised to reflect
calendar year, rather than academic year,
data.
Violent Deaths
How Defined: The annual number of deaths
from violent causes (accident, homicide, or
suicide) to older teenagers (15 to 19) and
young adults (20 to 24).
By ward and race: The race and ward of the
victim is reported to the D.C. Department
of Health, State Center for Health
Statistics Administration. In 2006, there
was a discrepancy in the coding of
Hispanic cases; we therefore do not
recommend comparing 2006 by race data
with any other year.
Source: D.C. Department of Health, State
Center for Health Statistics
Administration. Data are current as of
2007.
VI.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
C
ongratulations are extended to
advocates of the District’s
Children, including
individuals, families, neighborhoods,
organizations and communities who
have advocated for children and who
have made the publication of this
annual Fact Book possible.
We are particularly grateful to the
following people and organizations,
which contributed their efforts this
year:
Jennifer Comey, Kaitlin Franks, Zach
McDade, and Ashley Williams of the
Urban Institute, for their expert data
collection, analysis, reporting, and
dedication;
Kinaya C. Sokoya, Executive
Director, D.C. Children’s Trust Fund
for the Prevention of Child Abuse for
her skillful editing and contributions
to the production of the Fact Book;
Alison Dixon of Image Prep Studio
for the design and layout of the Fact
Book; Brian Campbell, D.C.
Department of Human Services,
Income Maintenance Administration;
Ellen Yung-Fatah, Office of the State
Superintendent of Education, Office
of Early Childhood Education; Tom
Fredericksen, The Community
Partnership for the Prevention of
Homelessness; Dr. Fern JohnsonClarke and Dr. Manjur Ejaz, D.C.
Department of Health, State Center
for Health Statistics; Bev-Freda
Jackson and Virginia Monteiro, D.C.
Child and Family Services Agency;
The Urban Institute,
NeighborhoodInfo DC; Rowena
Samala, D.C. Department of Health,
HIV/AIDS Administration Strategic
Information Bureau; and William
68
Agosto, Director, Domestic Violence
Unit, D.C. Superior Court for
contributing the excellent data
without which the Fact Book could
not exist.
Members of the D.C. KIDS
COUNT Collaborative for Children
and Families for their continued
support and assistance with
dissemination of the Fact Book.
NOTES
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D.C. Children’s Trust Fund
1112 11th Street, N.W.
Suite B
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: 202- 299-0900, ext. 26
Fax: 202- 299-0901
E-mail: dckidscount@dcctf.org
Website: www.dcctf.org & www.dckidscount.org
CFC #72363
71
The Children’s
Charities Foundation
is proud to support the
DC Children’s
Trust Fund
and their fabulous work
in supporting children
and families.
Celebrating
17 years of making
KIDS COUNT
in the District of Columbia.
The Victoria Casey
and Peter Teeley Foundation
72