Pertemuan 1
Current Liabilities and Payroll
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Tujuan Instruksional Khusus
• Mahasiswa dapat memberikan contoh tentang
perhitungan dan pencatatan kewajiban lancar
dan sistem penggajian.
• (C2)Mahasiswa dapat menghasilkan laporan
akuntansi yang berkenaan dengan kewajiban
lancar, gaji dan upah baik dalam bentuk
Penjurnalan maupun Neraca. (C3)
2
Accounting Principles, 7th Edition
Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel
Chapter 11
Current Liabilities and
Payroll Accounting
Prepared by Naomi Karolinski
Monroe Community College
and
Marianne Bradford
Bryant College
3
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 2005
ACCOUNTING FOR
CURRENT LIABILITIES
• A Current Liability is a debt with two key features:
1) expected to be paid from existing currents assets or
through the creation of other current liabilities
2) paid within one year or the operating cycle,
whichever is longer.
• Current liabilities include:
1) Notes Payable
2) Accounts Payable
3) Unearned Revenues
4) Accrued Liabilities
4
The time period for classifying a
liability as current is one year or the
operating cycle, whichever is:
a. longer.
b. shorter.
c. probable.
d. possible.
5
The time period for classifying a
liability as current is one year or the
operating cycle, whichever is:
a. longer.
b. shorter.
c. probable.
d. possible.
6
NOTES PAYABLE
•
Obligations in the form of written
promissory notes are recorded as
notes payable.
•
Those notes due for payment within
one year of the balance sheet date are
usually classified as current liabilities.
7
NOTES PAYABLE
General Journal
Date
Account Titles
March 1 Cash
Notes Payable
Debit
Credit
100,000
100,000
When an interest-bearing note is issued, the assets received
generally equal the face value of the note. Assume First
National Bank agrees to lend $100,000 on March 1, 2005, if
Cole Williams Co. signs a $100,000, 12%, 4-month note.
Cash is debited and Notes Payable is credited.
8
Formula for computing interest
The formula for computing interest
and its application to Cole Williams Co.
are shown below:
Face Value
of Note
Annual
Interest
Rate
$100,000 x
12%
Time in
Terms
of One Year
x
4/12 =
Interest
$4,0009
NOTES PAYABLE
General Journal
Date
Account Titles
June 30 Interest Expense
Interest Payable
Debit
Credit
4,000
4,000
Interest accrues over the life of the note and must be
recorded periodically. If Cole Williams Co. prepares
financial statements semiannually, an adjusting entry is
required to recognize interest expense and interest payable
of $4,000 at June 30.
10
NOTES PAYABLE
General Journal
Date
July 1
Account Titles
Notes Payable
Interest Payable
Cash
Debit
Credit
100,000
4,000
104,000
At maturity, Notes Payable is debited for the
face value of the note, Interest Payable is
debited for the amount of accrued interest,
and Cash is credited for the maturity value
of the note.
11
SALES TAXES PAYABLE
Sales tax is a stated percentage of the sales
price on goods sold to customers by a retailer
• The retailer collects the tax from the
customer when the sale occurs.
• The retailer serves only as a collection
agent for the taxing authority.
12
SALES TAXES PAYABLE
General Journal
Date
Mar. 25
Account Titles
Cash
Sales
Sales Tax Payable
Debit
Credit
10,600
10,000
600
Cash register readings are used to credit Sales and Sales Taxes
Payable. If on March 25th cash register readings for Cooley
Grocery show sales of $10,000 and sales taxes of $600 (sales tax
rate is 6%), the entry is a debit to Cash for the total, and a
credit to Sales for the actual sales and Sales Taxes Payable for
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the amount of the sales tax.
SALES TAXES PAYABLE
 When sales taxes are not rung up separately on the
cash register they must be extracted from the total
receipts
 If Cooley Grocery “rings up” total receipts, which are
$10,600, and the sales tax percentage is 6%, we can
figure sales as follows:
$10,600
÷
1.06
=
$10,000
14
UNEARNED REVENUES
• Unearned Revenues (advances from customers)
– a company receives cash before a service is rendered
• Examples:
–
airline sells a ticket for future flights
– attorney receives legal fees before work is done
15
UNEARNED REVENUES
General Journal
Date
Aug. 6
Account Titles
Cash
Unearned Football Ticket
Revenue
Debit
Credit
500,000
If Superior University sells 10,000 season football tickets
at $50 each for its five-game home schedule, the entry for
the sale of the tickets is a debit to Cash for the advance
received, and a credit to Unearned Football Ticket
Revenue, a current liability.
500,000
16
UNEARNED REVENUES
General Journal
Date
Sept. 7
Account Titles
Unearned Football Ticket Revenue
Football Ticket Revenue
Debit
Credit
100,000
100,000
As each game is completed, the Unearned Football Ticket
Revenue account is debited for 1/5 of the unearned revenue,
and the earned revenue, Football Ticket Revenue, is
credited.
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Unearned and earned revenue
accounts
Shown below are specific unearned and earned
revenue accounts used in selected types of
businesses.
Account Title
Type of Business
Airline
Magazine
Publisher
Hotel
Insurance
Company
Unearned Revenue
Unearned passenger
Ticket Revenue
Unearned
Subscription
Revenue
Unearned Rental
Revenue
Unearned Premium
Revenue
Earned Revenue
Passenger
Revenue
Subscription
Revenue
Rental Revenue
Premium Revenue18
CURRENT MATURITIES OF
LONG-TERM DEBT
Current maturities of long-term debt
• classified as a current liability
• long-term debt due within one year
19
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
PRESENTATION
• Current liabilities
•
– first category under liabilities on the balance sheet
– each of the principal types of current liabilities is listed
separately
– seldom listed in the order of maturity
Common methods of presenting current liabilities:
– to list them by order of magnitude, with the largest
ones first
– many companies, as a matter of custom, show notes
payable and accounts payable first regardless of
amount.
20
21
WORKING CAPITAL
FORMULA AND
COMPUTATION
The excess of current assets over
current liabilities is working capital. The
formula for the computation of
Caterpillar, Inc. working capital is shown
below.
Current
Assets
$14,628
-
Current
Liabilities
=
Working
Capital
- $11, 344 = $3,284
22
CURRENT RATIO AND
COMPUTATION
The current ratio permits us to compare
the liquidity of different sized companies
and of a single company at different
times. The current ratio for Caterpillar,
Inc. is shown below.
Current
Assets
/
Current
Liabilities
$14,628 / = $11, 344
=
Current
Ratio
= 1.29:1
23
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Contingent liability
A potential liability that may
become an actual liability in the
future
24
PRODUCT WARRANTIES
 Product warranties
 example of a contingent liability that should be record
in the accounts
 The estimated cost of honoring product warranty
contracts should be recognized as an expense in the
period in which the sale occurs.
 Warranty Expense is reported under selling
expenses in the income statement, and estimating
warranty liability is classified as a current liability
on the balance sheet.
25
COMPUTATION OF ESTIMATED
PRODUCT WARRANTY
LIABILITY
In 2005 Denson Manufacturing Company sells 10,000
washers and dryers at an average price of $600 each. The
selling price includes a one-year warranty on parts. It is
expected that 500 units (5%) will be defective and that
warranty repair costs will average $80 per unit. The
calculation of of estimated product costs on 2002 sales is as
follows:
Number of units sold
Estimated rate of defective units
Total estimated defective units
Average warranty repair cost
Estimated product warranty liability
10,000
X
5%
500
X $
80
$ 40,000
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ENTRIES TO RECORD
WARRANTY COSTS
General Journal
Date
Dec 31.
Account Titles
Warranty Expense
Estimated Warranty Expense
Debit
Credit
40,000
40,000
Denson Manufacturing Company makes the
adjusting entry above to accrue the estimated
warranty costs on 2005 sales. Warranty Expense is
debited while Estimated Warranty Liability is
credited for $40,000 at December 31.
27
ENTRIES TO RECORD
WARRANTY COSTS
General Journal
Date
Jan. 1Dec. 31
Account Titles
Estimated Warranty Liability
Repair Part
Debit
Credit
24,000
24,000
Denson Manufacturing Company makes the
$24,000 (300 X $80) summary entry above to
record repair costs incurred in 2002 to honor
warranty contracts on 2002 sales. Estimated
Warranty Liability is debited while Repair Parts
and Wages Payable are credited by December 31.
28
ENTRIES TO RECORD
WARRANTY COSTS
General Journal
Date
Jan. 31
Account Titles
Estimated Warranty Liability
Repair Parts
Debit
Credit
1,600
1,600
Denson Manufacturing Company replaced
defective units in January 2006 for $1,600 (20 X
$80) and made the summary entry above.
Estimated Warranty Liability is debited while
Repair Parts and Wages Payable are credited.
29
PAYROLL ACCOUNTING
• Payroll pertains to both salaries and wages.
• Managerial, administrative, and sales
personnel
are generally paid salaries. Salaries
are often
expressed in terms of a specified amount per month or year.
• Store clerks, factory employees and manual laborers are
normally paid wages-based on a rate per hour.
• Payments made to professional individuals who
are
independent contractors are called fees.
• Government regulations relating to the payment
and
reporting of payroll taxes apply only to employees.
30
INTERNAL CONTROLS
FOR PAYROLL
• The objectives of internal accounting control
concerning payroll are:
1 to safeguard company assets from
unauthorized payments of payrolls and
2 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
accounting records pertaining to payrolls.
• Payroll activities involve four functions:
1 hiring employees,
2 timekeeping,
3 preparing the payroll, and
4 paying the payroll.
31
HIRING EMPLOYEES
• The human resources department is responsible for
ensuring the accuracy of the personnel authorization
form.
• The human resources department is also responsible for
authorizing changes in employment status:
1 changes in pay rates
2 termination of employment.
32
TIMEKEEPING
• Hourly employees are usually required to record time
worked by “punching” a time clock. Times of arrival
and departure are automatically recorded by the
employee by inserting a time card into the clock.
• In large companies time clock procedures are often
monitored by a supervisor or security guard to make
sure an employee punches only one card.
• The employee’s supervisor:
1 approves the hours shown by signing the time card
at the end of the pay period and
2 authorizes any overtime hours for an employee.
33
PREPARING THE PAYROLL
The payroll is prepared in the payroll
department on the basis of two inputs:
1 human resources department authorizations
2 approved time cards.
34
DETERMINING AND PAYING
THE PAYROLL
• Determining the payroll involves computing three
amounts:
1 gross earnings
2 payroll deductions
3 net pay
• The payroll is paid by the treasurer’s department.
1 Payment by check minimizes the risk of loss from
theft and
2 the endorsed check provides proof of payment.
35
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL
WAGES
• Gross earnings is the total compensation earned by an
employee.
• It consists of wages or salaries, plus any bonuses and
commissions.
• Total wages are determined by multiplying the hours
worked by the hourly rate of pay.
• Most companies are required to pay a minimum of 1
1/2 the regular hourly rate for overtime work.
Type of Pay
Regular
Overtime
Total wages
Hours
40
4
X
X
X
Rate
=
$ 12.00 =
18.00 =
Gross
Earnings
$ 480.00
72.00
$ 552.00
36
PAYROLL DEDUCTIONS
• The difference between gross pay and
the amount actually received is
attributable to payroll deductions.
• Mandatory deductions consist of
FICA taxes and income taxes.
• The employer is merely a collection
agent and subsequently transfers the
amounts deducted to the government
and designated recipients.
37
PAYROLL DEDUCTIONS
38
FICA TAXES
•
•
•
FICA taxes (or social security taxes) are designed to
provide workers with supplemental retirement,
employment disability, and medical benefits.
The benefits are financed by a tax levied
on
employees’ earnings.
The tax rate and tax base for FICA
taxes
are set by Congress.
39
INCOME TAXES
•
Income Taxes are required to be withheld from
employees each pay period
•
Amount is determined by 3 variables:
1 the employee’s gross earnings
2 the number of allowances claimed by
the employee
3 the length of the pay period
•
To indicate to the Internal Revenue Service the
number of allowances claimed, the employee must
complete an Employee’s Withholding Certificate
(Form W-4).
40
VOLUNTARY DEDUCTIONS
• Voluntary Deductions
– pertain to withholdings for charitable,
retirement, and other purposes
– authorized in writing by the employee.
41
COMPUTATION OF NET PAY
Gross earnings
Payroll deductions:
FICA taxes
Federal income taxes
State income taxes
United Fund
Union dues
Net pay
$ 552.00
$ 44.16
49.00
11.04
10.00
5.00
119.20
$ 432.80
Net Pay (or take-home pay) is determined by subtracting payroll
deductions from gross earnings. Assuming an employee’s wages
are $552 each week, the employee will earn $28,704 for the year
(52 weeks X $552). Thus, all earnings are subject to FICA taxes.
42
RECORDING THE
PAYROLL
• Employee earnings record
1 determines when an employee has earned
the maximum earnings subject to FICA taxes
2 file state and federal payroll tax returns
3 provides each employee with a statement of
gross earnings and tax withholdings for the year
• Many companies use a payroll register to
accumulate the gross earnings, deductions, and
net pay by employee for each period.
43
RECOGNIZING PAYROLL
EXPENSES AND LIABILITIES
General Journal
Date
Jan 14
Account Titles
Debit
Credit
Office Salaries Expense
5,200.00
Wages Expense
12,010.00
FICA
1,376.80
Federal Income Taxes Pay.
3,490.00
State Income Taxes Pay.
344.20
United Fund Pay.
421.50
Union Dues Pay.
115.00
Salaries and Wages Pay.
11,462.50
Academy Company records its payroll for the week ending January 14,
2005 with the journal entry above. Office Salaries Expense ($5,200) and
Wages Payable ($12,010) are debited in total for $17,210 in gross earnings.
Specific liability accounts are credited for the deductions made during the
pay period. Salaries and Wages Payable is credited for $11,462.50 in net44
earnings.
RECORDING
PAYMENT OF THE
PAYROLL
General Journal
Date
Account Titles
Jan. 14
Salaries and Wages Pay.
Cash
Debit
Credit
11,462.50
11,462.50
The entry to record payment of the Academy
Company payroll is a debit to Salaries and Wages
Payable and a credit to Cash. When currency is
used in payment, one check is prepared for the
amount of net earnings ($11,462.50).
45
EMPLOYER PAYROLL TAXES
Payroll Tax Expense- three taxes levied on
employers by governmental agencies.
1
Employer must match each employee’s
FICA contribution
2
Federal unemployment taxes (FUTA)
3
State unemployment taxes (SUTA)
46
RECORDING EMPLOYER
PAYROLL TAXES
The entry to record the payroll tax expense associated
with the Academy Company payroll results in a debit to
Payroll Tax Expense for $2,443.82, a credit to FICA Taxes
Payable for $1,376.80 ($17,210 X 8%), a credit to FUTA
Payable for $137.68 ($17,210 X 0.8%), and a credit to
SUTA Payable for $929.34 ($17,210 X 5.4%).
General Journal
Date
Jan 14.
Account Titles
Debit
Payroll Tax Expense
2,443.82
FICA Taxes Pay.
Federal Unemployment Taxes Pay.
State Unemployment Taxes Pay.
Credit
1,376.80
137.68
929.34
47
EMPLOYER PAYROLL
TAXES
48
FILING AND REMITTING
PAYROLL TAXES
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preparation of payroll tax returns is the responsibility of
the payroll department. Payment of the taxes is made by
the treasurer’s department.
FICA taxes and Federal income taxes (FIT) withheld are
combined for reporting and remitting purposes.
The taxes are reported quarterly – no later than one
month after the close of each quarter.
FUTA taxes are generally filed and remitted annually on
or prior to January 31 of the subsequent year.
SUTA taxes must be filed and paid by the end of the
month following each quarter.
The employer is required to provide each employee with
a Wage and Tax Statement (Form W-2) by January 31
following the end of the calendar year.
49
Appendix
Additional Fringe Benefits
................................
50
ADDITIONAL FRINGE BENEFITS
PAID ABSENCES
Employees often are given rights to receive compensation for absences
when certain conditions of employment are met. Such compensation
may relate to 1) paid vacations, 2) sick pay benefits, and 3) paid
holidays. A liability should be accrued for paid future absences if 1) its
payment is probable and 2) the amount can be reasonably estimated.
Academy Company employees are entitled to one day’s vacation for
each month worked. If 30 employees earn an average of $110 per day
in a given month, the accrual for vacation benefits for January is
$3,300 ($110 X 30). The liability is recognized at January 31 by the
following adjusting entry:
General Journal
Date
Jan. 31
Account Titles
Vacation Benefits Exp.
Vacation Benefits Pay.
Debit
Credit
3,300
3,300
51
ADDITIONAL FRINGE BENEFITS
PAID ABSENCES
When vacation benefits are paid, Vacation
Benefits Payable is debited and Cash is
credited. If Academy Company pays such
benefits for 10 employees in July, the journal
entry to record the payment is for $1,100
($110 X 10).
General Journal
Date
Account Titles
July 31 Vacation Benefits Pay.
Cash
1,100
Debit
Credit
1,100
52
POSTRETIREMENT
BENEFITS
• Postretirement benefits are benefits
provided by employers to retired employees
for:
1 health care and life insurance
2 pensions
• Both types of postretirement
benefits are accounted for on
the accrual basis.
53
PENSION PLANS
•
•
A pension plan is an agreement whereby an employer
provides benefits to employees after they retire.
Three parties are generally involved in a pension plan.
1) The employer sponsors the pension plan.
2) The plan administrator receives the contributions
from the employer, invests the pension assets, and
makes the benefit payments.
3) The retired employees receive
the pension payments.
54
PARTIES IN A PENSION
PLAN
Employer
Benefits
Plan
Administrator
Pension Recipients
Contributions
55
The department that should pay the
payroll is the:
a. timekeeping department.
b. human resources department.
c. payroll department.
d. treasurer’s department.
56
The department that should pay the
payroll is the:
a. timekeeping department.
b. human resources department.
c. payroll department.
d. treasurer’s department.
57
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction
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58
of the information contained herein.