Matakuliah : D 0094 Ekonomi Teknik
Tahun : 2007
Annual Worth Analysis
Pertemuan 7 s.d 8
Keuntungan Annual Worth Analysis
•
•
Nilai AW dihitung hanya untuk satu periode, sehingga
tidak perlu menyamakan umur investasi dengan mencari
kelipatan terkecilnya.
Asumsi dalam penggunaan metode AW :
1.
2.
3.
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Servis yang disediakan diperlukan paling sedikit kelipatan
terkecil dari umur alternatif investasi
Alternatif yang dipilih akan diulang untuk daur hidup yang
berikutnya dengan ketentuan yang sama dengan
sebelumnya.
Semua cash flow akan diperkirakan sama di setiap daur
hidup investasi
Perhitungan Equivalent Annual Worth
Rp. 120
Rp..80
0
Rp.70
1
2
3
4
5
6
Rp.50
Rp.189.43
Rp.100
A = Rp. 46.07
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
PW(12%) = Rp.189.43 AE(12%) = Rp.189.43(A/P, 12%, 6)
= Rp. 46.07
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Annual Worth - Pengulangan Siklus ‘Cash Flow’
Rp.800
Rp.700
Rp.500
Rp. 800
Rp.700
Rp.400 Rp.400 Rp.500
Rp.1,000
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Rp.1,000
Siklus pengulangan
Rp. 400 Rp.400
• Siklus Pertama:
PW(10%) = - Rp.1,000 + Rp.500 (P/F, 10%, 1)
+ . . . + Rp.400 (P/F, 10%, 5)
= Rp.1,155.68
AW(10%) = Rp.1,155.68 (A/P, 10%, 5) = Rp.304.87
•Siklus Kedua :
PW(10%) = Rp.1,155.68 + Rp.1,155.68 (P/F, 10%, 5)
= Rp.1,873.27
AW(10%) = Rp.1,873.27 (A/P, 10%,10) = Rp.304.87
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• Jika hanya biaya yang
terlibat, Metoda Annual
Worth (AW) disebut annual
worth cost.
• Pendapatan terdiri dua
macam biaya: Operating
costs dan capital costs.
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Annual Worth Costs
Annual Worth Cost
Capital
costs
+
Operating
costs
Capital (Ownership) Costs
S
• Def: Biaya kepemilikan
peralatan yang berhubungan
dengan dua trasaksi, yaitu —
(1) initial cost (I) dan (2)
salvage value (S).
• Capital costs: Perhitungan dari
capital costs adalah:
0
N
I
0 1
CR(i)  I ( A / P, i, N )  S( A / F, i, N )
 ( I  S)( A / P, i, N )  iS
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2
3
CR(i)
N
Contoh – Perhitungan Capital Cost
Rp.50,000
• Diketahui:
I = Rp. 200,000
N = 5 tahun
S = Rp. 50,000
i = 20%
• Dicari : CR(20%)
0
5
Rp.200,000
CRi   I  S  A / P, i, N   iS
CR20%   Rp .200.000  Rp .50.000  A / P,20%,5
 0,20 Rp .50.000
 Rp .60.157
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Justifikasi Investasi Berdasarkan Metoda AW
• Diketahui: I = Rp.20,000, S =
Rp.4,000, N = 5 tahun, i =
10%
• Dicari: Apakah pendapatan
tahunan sebesar Rp.4,400
cukup untuk menutupi capital
costs.
• Solution:
CR(10%) = $4,620.76
• Kesimpulan: Membutuhkan
pendapatan tambahan sebesar
Rp.220.76.
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Penggunaan AW Analysis
•
•
•
•
•
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Asset Replacement
Retention time studies to minimize overall costs
Breakeven studies
Make-or-buy decisions
All studies dealing with production or
manufacturing costs where a cost/unit or
profit/unit measure is the focus.
Perhitungan Capital Recovery & Nilai AW
•
Perhitungan harus memperhitungkan :
1.
2.
3.
•
•
•
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Initial Investment P
Salvage Value S
Annual Amount A
AW = -CR – A
Capital Recovery adalah ekuivalensi biaya
tahunan akibat memiliki aset ditambah return
dari initial investment.
CR = -[P(A/P,i,n) – S(A/F,i,n)]
Contoh Soal
Lockheed Martin is increasing its booster thrust power in order
to win more satellite launch contracts from European
companies interested in opening up new global
communication markets. A piece of earth-based tracking
equipment is expected to require an investment of $13
million, with $8 million commited now and the remaining
$5 million expended at the end of year 1 of the project.
Annual operating costs for the system are expected to start
the first year and continue at $0.9 million per year. The
useful life of the tracker is 8 years with salvage value of
$0.5 million. Calculate the AW value for the system, if the
corporate MARR currently 12% per year.
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Cash Flow Diagram
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Evaluasi Alternatif dgn Analisis AW
Untuk alternatif yang mutually exclusive,
hitung AW pada MARR
– Untuk satu alternatif, jika AW  0, MARR
dicapai atau terlampaui.
– Untuk dua atau lebih alternatif : Pilih yang
biayanya paling rendah atau income nya paling
tinggi.
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Contoh Soal
Pizza Rush, which is located in the general Los Angeles area, fares very well
with its competition in offering fast delivery. Many students at the area
universities and community colleges work part time delivering orders
made via the web at PizzaRush.com. The owner, a software engineering
graduate at USC, plans to purchase and install five portable, in car
systems to increase delivery speed and accuracy. The system provide a
link between the web order-placement software and the On-Star system
for satellite-generated directions to any address in the Los Angeles area.
The expected result is faster, friendlier service to customers and more
income for Pizza Rush.
Each system costs $4600, has a 5 year useful life, and may be salvaged for
an estimated $300. Total operating cost for all systems is $650 for the
first year, increasing by $50 per year thereafter. The MARR is 10%.
Perform an annual worth evaluation for the owner that answer the
following questions. Perform the solution by hand and by computer, as
requested below.
a) How much new annual income is necessary to recover the investment and
the MARR?
b) The owner conservatively estimates increased income of $1200 per year
for all five systems. Is this project financially viable at the MARR?
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Cash Flow Diagram
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Contoh Soal
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Contoh soal:
Contoh Soal AW dari Investasi Permanen
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Contoh dengan spreadsheet:
An Engineer at Becker Consulting has just received
a bonus of $10,000. If she deposits it now at an
interest rate of 8% per year, how many years must
the money accumulate before she can withdraw
$2000 per year forever? Use a computer to find the
answer
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Cash Flow Diagram
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