Energy and Emissions, Calvin and Carbon: Where are We Heading? You
advertisement
Energy and Emissions, Calvin and Carbon: Where are We Heading? Where are You Heading? Presentation to Calvin Environmental Assessment Program (CEAP) Poster Session 29 November 2007 by Dr. Matthew Kuperus Heun Target audience: students Can you connect the dots? Topics Global Kingdom College College Personal Context and Status Application Global Venus http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/v13_vg261_262.html • 870 °F • 92 atm • 65 kg/m 3 http://www.solarviews.com/cap/venus/venusmar.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Venera_13_lander.gif Climate Change http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/greenhouse.GIF • Fossil fuel combustion puts extra CO 2 (a greenhouse gas) into the atmosphere • CH 4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Effects of an Overall Warmer Earth • Loss of sea ice • Rising sea levels • Shrinking coastlines • Shifting vegetation zones • Effects are differential Responses to Climate Change • Consequences of CO • Consequences of CO 2 buildup are unimportant buildup are important and issue must be addressed 2 • Easy to fix • Difficult to fix • Impossible to fix: must adapt Topology developed for DCM Global Climate Change class by Larry Molnar, Physics Carbon Cycle • Many emission sources • Many sequestration sinks • Total human emission 7.1 GtC/yr • Net: 3.2 GtC/yr human http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/CarbonCycle/carbon_cycle4.html emissions remain in the atmosphere Carbon Footprint • A Carbon Footprint is a measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced, measured in units of carbon dioxide. http://www.carbonfootprint.com/ • Assessed on individual, organizational, and national levels http://mingled.co.uk/designs/carbonfootprint.htm What is Carbon-Neutral? • Carbon Footprint is a net term • Footprint = Emissions – Sequestration • Reduce emissions or increase sequestration to minimize carbon footprint • Carbon Neutrality achieved when Emissions = Sequestration or when footprint = 0 “Accounting Systems Change Behavior” Winter Behavior of Two Students • Sophomore year • Wear shorts indoors • Leave dorm room windows open • Junior year • Wear coats and snowpants indoors • Thermostat set to 55 °F Home Purchasing Behavior of Two Profs • Both move from Boston to Grand Rapids • Both buy homes 1988: Large home in Ada 2002: Modest home in GR Balloon Flight Testing at JPL • Count mass in kilograms • Mass uncertainty ±0.01 kg • Flight failures due to mismatched weights • Count mass in grams • Much care taken with weights and weighing (±0.0001 kg) • String of successful flights Free Food at ENGR Department Socials • Juniors and seniors participate • 1 - and 2 -year students don’t st nd Why Accounting Systems Matter • Accounting systems reflect our values • Economics are a huge motivating force for individuals and institutions • We must adjust our accounting systems when • Our values change • We want to change our values Calvin’s CO2 Emissions Calvin College Carbon Neutrality Project Biology 354 and Engineering 333 Students Fall 2007 Profs. Warners and Heun & VP Henry DeVries What Would it Take to Make Calvin Carbon Neutral? Calvin’s carbon footprint • Assessed Emissions •• Sequestration remediation strategies • Assessed Increased sequestration •• Increased energy efficiency renewable energy use •• Increased Incentives • Carbon offset purchasing • Developed a plan with financing to achieve carbon neutrality within 10 years Calvin College Carbon Emissions Transportation Energy Heating Electricity 10,080 31,920 Air Commuting Service Vehicles 2,090 20,900 42,000 14,839 MTCE/year (Data from CCCN Project) 5,852 Personal CO2 Emissions EPA Personal CO2 Emissions Calculator • http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ emissions/ind_calculator.html • http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator Heun Family Carbon Emissions Transportation Energy Heating Electricity 5.1 9.7 Air Car 12.2 4.6 22.2 34.4 MTCE/year Minimizing Personal Carbon Emissions • Heat and cool your home less • Drive or fly fewer miles • Use less water • Buy local food • Replace incandescent bulbs with CFBs (then dispose of them properly) • Buy the most energy efficient appliances you can afford Smith, R. A, “Consumer’s Guide to Going Green.” Wall Street Journal. 18 Nov 2007 Calvin College Things Calvin Does Well • CEAP • Renewable energy demonstration projects • Solar at Bunker Center • Wind turbine • Sustainability statement • Boiler & chiller renovation Three Suggestions Do Accounting Right • Report Calvin’s CO2equivalent emissions for next 5 years in President’s Report • Invest in instrumentation to measure energy use in all buildings on a per-building basis 0 2 % 3 ) $ % . 4 3 2 % 0 / 24 3USTAINABILITY !.$&52-!.5.)6%23)49 http://www.furman.edu/sustain/ sustainabilityreport.pdf Do Governance Right • Establish an Office for Sustainability • Appoint a Director for Sustainability • Supply appropriate resources • Precedents Provide Economic Incentives • Develop a revolving Calvin Energy Efficiency Fund (CEEF) Creating a Campus Sustainability Revolving Loan Fund: A Guide for Students AASHE University of Colorado at Boulder 11/23/2007 01:47 PM Welcome to Harvard University PAGE 1 http://www.aashe.org/resources/pdf/CERF.pdf Academics web Administration people • Residence hall energy savings competitions Search Center | CU A to Z Arts & Culture Calendars CU Sports Diversity Research Services for Students More Visit online or in person: maps, tours, web cam Apply to attend the university or take classes CU-Boulder and Partners Lead the Way With Renewable Energy Research Colorado is at the forefront of national efforts to develop renewable energy resources, and CUBoulder and its partners are playing a pivotal role. Learn More >> Explore campus life, academics, and research Tiny DNA Molecules Show Liquid Crystal Phases, Pointing Up New Scenario For First Life On Earth CU-Boulder Awarded Grant To Help Improve Math And Science Teacher Education More From The News Center Contact Us | Campus Map | Legal & Trademarks | Privacy © MMI Regents of the University of Colorado Sever Hall Former U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft To Speak At CU-Boulder On Nov. 27 As Part Of Student Group's Notable Speaker Series Do We Need CEEF? • Creates a beneficial accounting system benefits of energy efficiency • Observable • Incentive and funding for new projects • Compare potential projects against one another in one place on equal basis has better economic return for the fund? • Which is most implementable? • Which • Which best fits Calvin’s ethos? • Highlights commitment to sustainability The Kingdom Creation Care • Because we worship and honor the Creator, we seek to cherish and care for the creation. • Principles • God is the creator • God owns the creation • Human responsibility toward all things in the creation http://www.creationcare.org/resources/declaration.php Evangelical Climate Initiative (2006) >ÌiÊ >}i ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÛ>}iV>Ê >ÊÌÊVÌ 6 Ê /Ê //6ÊÊUÊÊ 1,9ÊÓääÈ http://pub.christiansandclimate.org/pub/ statement-booklet.pdf • • Human-induced climate change is real • Christian moral convictions demand our response to the climate change problem • The need to act now is urgent. Governments, businesses, churches, and individuals all have a role to play in addressing climate change— starting now. The consequences of climate change will be significant, and will hit the poor the hardest The Challenge • Do we at Calvin connect the dots? • Do you in your everyday life connect the dots? Connecting the Dots http://mazda3online.web.aplus.net/images/ mazda5_2005_1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_emissions_control http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/ CarbonCycle/carbon_cycle4.html Connecting the Dots http://www.bybb.com/images/television.jpg http://msnbcmedia3.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/ Photos/040609/040609_coalplant_hmed_2p.hmedium.jpg http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/ CarbonCycle/carbon_cycle4.html Questions?
