Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
:A0334/Pengendalian Lingkungan Online
: 2005
: 1/1
Pertemuan 23
Contingency Planning
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Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa dapat menunjukkan hubungan
antara Contingency planning dan crisis
management
2
Outline Materi
• Data Recovery
– How Does Data Loss Happen?
– Do Nothing
– Calling in The Experts
– Protecting Yourself
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Data Recovery
• If people are a company’s most valuable asset,
then data comes a close second. As companies
become more dependent on technology for all
aspects of their operations, the information
contained on computer disks and back-up tapes
can mean the difference between continued
success and failure. While most companies
believe that their data is safe, many may not
have set up event he most basic of back-up
systems to protect it and data loss can happen
to anyone.
4
How Does Data Loss Happen?
• Although data is a valuable commodity, not
enough emphasis is placed on protecting this
vulnerable asset from loss. While computer
hardware and software are fallible, humans are
notoriously even more so. Unfortunately many
companies and individuals do not have – or do
not put into practice – adequate back-up
procedures, leaving themselves open to data
loss. The majority of problems are caused by
human error, such as accidentally overwriting
back-up tapes, deleting important files,
inadvertently formatting a hard disk or
mishandling a laptop.
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• Malicious data loss can also be an issue,
particularly where companies fail to make
appropriate use of passwords. While there
needs to be a balance between the complexity
and frequency of password change and the
ease with which users can remember them, to
have passwords – even at the basic user level –
that are common knowledge makes a company
unnecessarily vulnerable. It is not unusual to
find a list of everyone’s password stored in an
easily accessible place within an office, or even
a board displaying ‘this week’s password’.
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• Even if your staff are competent and trustworthy,
hardware and software can still fail
unexpectedly. Operating systems or packages
may contain bugs or become corrupt, causing
them to malfunction,with consequences such as
overwritten data. Power surges from the power
supply, or lightning, can also cause damage to
computer equipment, and it is possible for the
motor or the control board of a hard disk to burn
out, locking its data inside, or for the disk just to
fail when disaster strikes on a larger scale,
there is always the more dramatic risk of the fire
and water damage too.
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Do Nothing
• Unfortunately, many companies are not
prepared for the reality of hard disk or tape
failure and often make a bad situation much
worse. Retrievable data is often lost through
inappropriate attempts to recover it.
• Simply rebooting a computer can cause the data
to be overwritten permanently, as the system
creates temporary files in supposedly unused
space. A physically damage disk can become
significantly more damage, sometimes to the
point of no data being recoverable.
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Calling in The Experts
• Whilst commercial data recovery tools exist,
their use is not advisable as it is highly unlikely
that a software tool written months ago, perhaps
a continent away, can accurately diagnose the
difference between a corrupted file system and a
damaged head.
• These tools always provide a ‘best guess’ at
what the problem is, and then give you the
option to ‘go ahead and write to the media’,
which is not a particularly safe thing to do.
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• Sometimes it is necessary to write
customised programs for individual
recoveries.
• When data has been lost because of
software corruption rather than physical
damage, extracting and rebuilding the files
is the major process in recovery.
10
Protecting Yourself
• ‘Don’t panic’ is the first piece of advice to
remember in a data loss emergency, and ‘do
nothing’ – except call the experts – is the
second. However, there are a number of simple
steps you can take to protect your company
against disaster.
• Put in place a regular, reliable back-up regime
and make sure that it is strictly implemented by
trained personnel.
• Duplicate the back-up to a second type of media
so that if one fails the other is available.
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• Monitor the back-up to ensure that it has taken
place and watch out for signs of anything
unusual in the way the system operates.
• Keep at least one set of back-up tapes off site so
that, if you premises burn down or are flooded,
you will not lose your data.
• Back up before installing any new software.
• If possible, leave your systems on all the time in
consistent environmental conditions – hardware
failure happens most often at start-up and shutdown.
• Keep up with technology.
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The End
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