Study on the Model of Coal Industry Cycle Economic Development and
Evaluation System
Bo Wang1, Wei Jiang2, Ji-hui Zhang3, Cheng-xia Wu4
1,2,3
School of Management, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
(zhangjihui@tju.edu.cn)
4
Abstract - Firstly, the development status and existing
problems of China's coal industry is analyzed. Then, the
circular economy development model is introduced. In order
to achieve the rationalization of coal exploration and use, the
circular economy and coal industry are combined to explore
the model of coal industry cycle economic development.
Finally, the evaluation system of the coal industry is
constructed providing theoretical support for the development
of the coal industry.
Keywords - Coal Industry, Cycle Economic, Development
Model, Evaluation System
I INTRODUCTION
With the rapid economic development in China,
energy demand is growing. The coal is basic energy in
China and coal consumption accounts for two-thirds of
primary energy consumption. However, the primary energy
consumption structure is dominated by coal, which brought
the increasing pressure to the environment .In facing of the
dual pressures of growth in energy demand and
environmental protection, this brings question on how to
ensure energy supply and security. It also raises issue about
how to abandon the traditional model of development to
promote the coal industry economic and environmental
coordinated development are the key to achieving
sustainable development.
II THE EDVELOPMENT STATUS OF COAL
INDUSTRY
The energy production and consumption is huge in
China. There are rich in coal and oil, but poor in less gas.
The proportion of coal in primary energy production and
consumption has remained at more than 70%. The 76
percent of electricity fuel, the 70 percent of steel energy, the
80 percent of the civilian fuel and the 60 percent of the
chemical fuel are all from coal. Compared with other coal
resources in the country, the situation of the coal resources
in China is abundance in the total coal resources, but
reserves are less certain exploration depth. The coal useful
life in China is approximately 90-100 years, according to
the direct use of coal resources and the annual output of 2
billion tons of coal [1]. At the same time, due to the
unreasonable development and utilization of coal industry
in China, there are still many problems unsolved.
(1) Resource recovery rate is low. The process of
coal mining and using the waste is appalling. At present,
the national coal mines resource recovery rate of is only
bout 40 percent. In particular, the recovery rate of
small-scale coal mines is only about 30%. At the same
time, the recovery rate of coal mines in the developed
countries is high, about 80% of the same period[2].
(2) Environmental pollution is serious. Increasing
environmental pressures brought by the coal-based
energy consumption structure. A lot of environmental
problems are coming in the process of coal mining,
such as exhaust gas, sewage and waste residue.
(3) The waste of water resources is serious. Coal
mining had caused the waste of water resources, which
also exacerbated the scarcity of water. According to the
statistics, every year the coal discharge mine water 2.2
billion cubic meters, while the use rate of which is less
than 40%. Surface subsidence caused by coal formation
makes the water body dry up, affecting the regional
ecological environment [3].
(4) The ecology lost imbalance. The surrounding
environment of the coal enterprises is lost ecological
imbalance ,which mainly due to the exploitation of coal
mines. Powerful underground mining had led to the
collapse of the surface. According to preliminary
statistics, the large area of mining subsidence in the
country has come to 1150 km2 [4].
III.THE CONNOTATION OF CIRCULAR
ECONOMAY
3.1 The meaning of the circular economy
Circular economy is based on the efficient use and
recycling use of resources, with characteristics of low
consumption, low emission and high efficiency. It in
line with the concept of sustainable development model,
which changed the traditional development as a signal
of mass production, mass consumption and a large
[5].
number
of
abandoned
waste
The
“3R”principles—reduction, reuse, and recycling of
materials and energy—are often cited to describe the
principle of circular economy. This definition not only
points out the core of the circular economy, the
principles and the characteristics, and also points out
the circular economy is in line with the concept of
sustainable development, capturing the crux of relative
shortage of resources and a large number of
consumption.
3.2 The operation mode of circular economy
After years of studies, a unique recycling economy
development model has formed, namely minor circulation,
medium circulation, greater circulation, super-cycle, waste
disposal and recycling industry.
3.2.1 Minor circulation
At the enterprise level, the typical businesses and large
enterprises is chosen, through product eco-design,
eco-efficiency concept and cleaner production measures
construct the eco-industrial pilot of a single enterprise and
reduce material and energy use in products and services, in
order to achieve the pollutant emissions minimized.
3.2.2 Medium circulation
At the regional level, in accordance with the principles
of industrial ecology, the enterprises develop a symbiotic
relationship and establish the industrial ecological park, by
way of material integration, energy integration and
information integration between the enterprises.
3.2.3 Greater circulation
At the community level, we should focus on the
establishment of recycling-oriented cities and provinces. In
recent years, the State Environmental Protection
Administration establish circular economy test pilot in the
country and build a new industrial pattern. We also should
set up waste resources industry about processing, disposal
and recycling. So, the fundamental solution to the
utilization of waste resources in the society is come true
[6].
The greater circulation promotes green consumption at
the community level and builds waste separation recovery
system, focusing on the material circulation and energy
cascade utilization between the three industries. Finally, we
can establish a recycling-oriented society [7].
IV research on the model of coal industry cycle
economic development
According to the characteristics of the coal industry
product life cycle phases, the recycling economy
development model is divided into: the coal resources
exploration model, the coal resources development model,
the coal resources comprehensive utilization model, in
addition to eco-parks, that is, cycles and small cycles. This
paper describes the first three modes:
A. Mode of circular economy in prospecting coal resources
Coal resources exploration means the exploration of
coal resources (this does not explain anything, try
rephrasing). In accordance with the business ideas, namely
more with less output, we should also do minerals
development, utilization and improve the economic and
social benefits of the coal enterprises, such as methane,
metal ores and non-metallic mineral resources. The cycle of
economic model of coal resources exploration is change the
traditional model that relies on geological resource
exploration into a new model that relying on geological
resources exploration.
It is an exploration of the efficient use, recycling and
reduction, with the character of low cost, efficiency and
effectiveness, in line with the concept of sustainable
development model of economic growth. Coal resources
exploration cycle economic model shown in Figure 1.
B. Mode of coal resources circular economy
development (clean extraction)
Clean mining is based on coal mining. It goes
through the construction methods, the processes of coal
mining and related technologies to strengthen the
exploration of hard-to-mined coal. During the mining
process, reduce the discharge of waste as possible and
the exploitation caused by ecological and
environmental damage (Figure 2) [8].
reduction
Preparation
phase
Survey Construction
phase
work
Geological Resources
Comprehensive
Survey Geological
Exploitation
phase
Reporting
phase
disasters
Recycling
Reuse
Fig.1 mode of coal exploration circular
economy
C. Comprehensive utilization of coal resources circular
economy mode (clean coal technology)
Clean coal technology refers to reduce pollution
and improve the use efficiency of processing in the
process of exploration and utilization, in order to
maximize the potential use of coal ,as well as keep
pollution in the lowest level. Clean coal technology
(Clean Coal Technology) is first proposed in the United
States in 1985 for the economic development and
environmental protection. A national clean coal
technology demonstration programs was also made.
Comprehensive utilization of coal resources, the cycle
of economic model shown in Figure 3
reduce water damage
reduce surface
subsidence
reduce gravel output
clean exploitation
exploitation
under the building
reduce gas release
reduce material
consumption
exploitation of associated minerals
Fig.2 the main content of the clean mining
Processing and
conversion
coal slurry
Wastewater
coal slurry
Wastewater
associated minerals
Raw
coal
Market
Water, electricity and
building materials
Fig.3 Comprehensive utilization of coal resources circular
economy mode
V THE EVALUATION SYSTEM
In accordance with the basic principles of the 3R,
scientific, systematic and operability as cycle economic
indicators, combined with the status quo and development
capabilities and the inherent potential of the development of
circular economy in China's coal mines, the coal business
cycle model of economic development must be able to help
coal mines.
Table I the coal industry evaluation index system
Reserve-produ
The
ction ratio
indicators of
resource
The extraction
development
rate
and utilization
Raw coal rate
ten thousand
output value energy
The
consumption
indicators of
Resource
ten thousand
Consumption
output value water
consumption
ten thousand
output value solid
waste emissions
The
ten thousand
the
indicators of
output value water
Pollution
waste emissions
indicators
emissions
of cyclic
ten thousand
economy
output value gas
waste emissions
Solid waste
disposal rate
Wastewater
The
discharge standards
indicators of
rate
Pollution
Rate of waste
reduction
gas treatment
Rate of smoke
and dust control
Material
The
recycling rate
indicators of
Comprehensiv
Comprehensive
e utilization of
utilization
water resources
The
The
Ratio of Assets
indicators
of
economy
indicators of
economic
development
level
Cost margin
Per capita
GDP
The proportion
of non-coal output
value
The
the proportion
indicators of
of Investment in
Economic
research
quality
development
Per capita
income
Mortality rate
In the closed-circuit processing, material storage
and energy management should bring ecological,
economic and social benefits, achieving sustainable
development [9]. Coal industry development of circular
economy evaluation index system is shown in Table I.
VI CONCLUSIONS
The coal industry circular economy development
is based on production and consumption in China. In
the process of consumption savings and waste reduction,
resource reuse and the "zero discharge" are to promote
the simultaneous growth of the coal industry economic
efficiency, social and ecological benefits. The
promotion of recycling economy development model is
the key to the rational development of the coal industry,
which related to the sustainable economic development,
resource exploration and comprehensive utilization. We
build a relatively reasonable evaluation index system,
in order to effectively guide the sustained rapid and
healthy development of coal industry.
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