3, 2, 1… Lift-­‐Off! Using Rocketry to Integrate Curriculum Anthony E. Grisillo ABSTRACT Rocketry is a great way to excite and motivate students. There are many ways to integrate math, language arts, and other curriculum strands into activities involving rockets. 3, 2, 1… Lift Off! Using Rocketry to Integrate Curriculum compiles three rocketry projects, including a Rocket Corporation project spanning several curricula. It also explores the gamification of the Rocket Corporation project. 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Table of Contents Packet Overview . . . 2 Lesson Format . . . 3 Balloon Rocketry . . . 4 Alka Seltzer Rocketry . . . 9 Bottle Rocket Project . . . 13 Corporation Packet . . . 17 Model Rocketry . . . 36 Troubleshooting & Other Ideas . . . 37 Appendix I - Gamification . . . 39 Appendix II – Rocket Corporation Game . . . 40 Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -1- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Packet Overview This packet will review several lessons using rocketry to teach different curricula strands. One lesson is a comprehensive thematic unit involving bottle rockets. The presentation packet contains all plans needed to implement this project. It also gives ideas to extend or expand the project. I have also listed some problems or obstacles that I have run into and how I have solved these problems. Presenter Information Position Gifted Support Teacher and Science Coordinator Rose Tree Media School District Glenwood and Media Elementary Schools Contact 122 South Pennell Road Media, PA 19063 agrisill@rtmsd.org Website: http://www.mrgsworld.com Twitter: @spaceteach Background BSED Elementary Education, West Chester University MED Science and Technology, Widener University Graduate of US Space Academy Teacher Program Graduate of US Space Academy Advanced Teacher Program Pennsylvania’s 2014 Teacher of the Year Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -2- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Lesson Format Objectives This area will state several objectives to be achieved by the lesson. Materials This area will list the materials needed to implement the lesson. I list everything from consumable materials to equipment needed, such as computers. Background Information This area will give quick instructions on how to build certain things for the lesson. Or it might discuss some information that would be helpful to know when implementing the lesson. Procedures This section will go through the following parts of the lesson: • Introduction – What do you know? Where will we go? • Main Lesson – The meat and potatoes of the lesson. • Evaluation – A very basic way to evaluate the lesson. I suggest altering this to fit your district’s goals and standards. • Conclusion – Wrap it up, I’ll take it. Expansions/Extensions This section will list several ways to adapt the lesson or expand the lesson to make it more or less challenging. Resources This section will list Internet sites with more information about the lesson and/or its topics. You can also always go to www.mrgsworld.com. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -3- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Balloon Rocket Lesson Original Plan by U.S. Space & Rocket Center Objectives 1. Students will list Newton’s three laws of motion. 2. Students will build an air-powered balloon vehicle. 3. Students will identify Newton’s laws of motion, using their balloon vehicle as a model. (For younger students, Newton’s 1st and 3rd laws only need to be demonstrated. For older students, all three laws should be demonstrated.) Materials • • • • • • • • • Various Size and Shape Latex Balloons (Be sure to check for any latex allergies.) String Straws Tape (Masking Tape, Scotch Tape and Duct Tape) Various Types of Building Materials (Card Stock Paper, Asst. Paper, etc.) Access to the Internet Access to a Library Index Cards Graph paper Background Information Newton’s Laws of Motion Newton’s three laws of motion (simplified: 1. An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest, unless the object is moved or stop by an outside force. 2. Acceleration equals Force divided by Mass. 3. Every action has an equal but opposite reaction. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -4- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Balloon Rocket Construction This is a very simple rocket to build. All you need is a straw, a long piece of string, some tape, and a balloon. 1. Slide the straw onto the string. 2. Stretch the string across the room and secure both ends tightly with tape. (Duct tape preferably. Or you can tie to items secured to the wall.) 3. Blow the balloon up, holding the balloon closed. (Do not tie the balloon.) 4. Tape the balloon to the straw, open end parallel to the straw. 5. Let go of the open end. 6. Your rocket will now fly down the string track. Tape Straw String Balloon Procedures Introduction 1. Brainstorm what students already know about Sir Isaac Newton. 2. Make a list of everything the students share. 3. Group your class heterogeneously in groups of three or four. 4. Give each group an index card. 5. Tell the groups that they have 15 minutes to find out as much as they can about Sir Isaac Newton using the Internet, library or any other resource materials. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -5- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 6. The group should record their findings on their index card, using only the lined side. They may not use more than the one index card, nor use the other side. 7. After 15 minutes have passed, gather the class together. 8. Have the groups of students share their findings. 9. Make a new list of what they share this time. 10. Compare the two lists to confirm or refute their initial ideas. Main Lesson 1. Tell the students to turn their index cards over. 2. Give them 5-10 minutes to find out Newton’s laws of motion, using the resources again. 3. Tell the students to write the three laws on the blank side of their index card, in their own words, if possible. (Some students may not be able to reword the laws because they do not understand what the laws mean.) 4. After the 5-10 minutes have passed, gather the class together. 5. Have the class share their findings. 6. Make a list of their versions of Newton’s laws of motion. 7. Discuss the true meanings of Newton’s laws of motion. 8. Eventually, demonstrate Newton’s first and third laws of motion using a balloon. 9. Challenge the groups of students to design a way for the balloon to fly in a straight line, starting at one specific point and stopping at another. 10. Let them use any of the materials that you have supplied, but don’t put the materials out right away. See if some of the groups ask for specific materials and supply them as asked for. 11. If no group is heading in the correct direction, put out all of the supplies as a “hint” to solving the challenge. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -6- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Evaluation 1. Once all of the students have constructed a balloon rocket, give them a piece of graph paper. 2. Tell the students that they must explain Newton’s laws of motion by using their balloon rocket as a model. Be sure their explanations show true understanding of each law. 3. Younger students only need to explain laws one and three. 4. Older students should explain all three. 5. Explanations for each law should include: Law 1 • The balloon is at rest until air escaping from it propels it forward. • The friction of the straw against the string and the balloon against the air, plus the force of gravity, causes the balloon to stop its motion. Law 2 • The acceleration of the balloon rocket is equal to the force applied by the air escaping from the balloon divided by the mass of the balloon, straw and tape. Law 3 • The action of the air escaping from the balloon has an opposite reaction of the balloon rocket being propelled forward. 6. Have the students share their explanations. Conclusion 1. Let the students have balloon rocket races. 2. You can have several races, allowing students to adjust their rockets between each race. 3. Give set time frames for rocket adjustments. All those not ready to race at each given time, must forfeit that round. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -7- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Expansions/Extensions This activity can have lots of expansions/extensions. Don’t be afraid to combine different activities or incorporate more research. Here are a few suggestions: • Students can do a full research project on Sir Isaac Newtown. • Students can develop other models of his laws of motion. • Students can graph the results of the races. • Students can test the effect of the length of the straw used on their balloon rocket. This information can be recorded and then presented to the class. • Students can test how the shape of the balloon affects the performance of their balloon rocket. • Students can analyze the effects of gravity on their balloon rocket by switching from a horizontal track to a vertical track. • Students can also adjust the angle of their horizontal track to make it more or less steep to see how it affects the performance of their rocket. Resources Website about Newton’s laws of motion http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Tutorial/Newton-s-Laws Quiz about Newton’s laws of motion http://www.quia.com/jq/19675.html Website about Sir Isaac Newton http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.html Balloon rocket site http://www.smm.org/sln/tf/r/rocket/rocket.html Science Bob’s website on making a balloon rocket http://www.sciencebob.com/experiments/balloonrocket.php Science Off Center’s balloon rocket page http://www.scienceoffcenter.org/science/162-balloon-rockets Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -8- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Alka Seltzer Rocket Lesson Original Plan by U.S. Space & Rocket Center Objectives 1. Students will apply understanding of Newton’s third law of motion. 2. Students will build an Alka Seltzer rocket. 3. Students will collect data and share results using correct methods. (Table and bar graph.) Materials • • • • • • • • • • • • Lid snaps into Empty Film Canisters (Illustration #1) bottom part. Black Marker Water These canisters are usually a Tablespoon translucent Alka Seltzer Tablets white color. Knife/Rulers Stopwatches Illustration #1 Masking Tape Hot Glue Gun Graph paper Eye protection Results Sheet (only for students who cannot create the chart themselves) Background Information Alka Seltzer Rocket Construction 1. This is a simple rocket to build. You need is a film canister, some water and some Alka Seltzer tablets. The film canister must be the type with lids that snap into canister part. (see illustration #1) 2. Put 1 tablespoon of water into a film canister. Mark the water level in the canister on the outside with a marker. 3. Place some Alka Seltzer into a canister filled with water to the line. Marked Water Line Alka Seltzer Tablet Upside Down Canister Lid Illustration #2 4. Snap the lid on and turn the canister over. (see Illustration #2) 5. Place the canister in this position on a hard surface. The result is explosive! Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -9- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Procedures Introduction 1. Hold up one whole Alka Seltzer tablet and ask the class what it is. 2. Make a list of everything the students share. 3. Inform the class that it is an Alka Seltzer tablet. Ask the class to share what an Alka Seltzer tablet is used for and how it is used. 4. Demonstrate dropping a tablet in a glass of water allowing the class to see how the tablet bubbles and fizzes. 5. Brainstorm what is causing the reaction that the students see. 6. Verify any suggestions that the tablet reacts with the water, releasing a gas, causing the fizziness. 7. Ask students to recall Newton’s third law of motion. (Every action has an equal but opposite reaction.) 8. Put the class into heterogeneous groups of two to four students. 9. Show the class an empty film canister. 10. Ask the groups to brainstorm ways to use the canister and the Alka Seltzer tablet to create a rocket. Remind them to think about Newton’s third law of motion. 11. After 10 – 15 minutes, have the groups share their ideas. (If the strategy of putting the tablet with some water in the canister and flipping it upside down is not suggested, try using the Socratic method or suggest it yourself.) 12. Group the ideas according to similar strategies. 13. Test each strategy suggested in front of the class. 14. Have the class decide on the best strategy to use. (The class inevitably chooses the correct method because of its explosive results.) Main Lesson 1. Give each group a film canister. 2. Distribute Alka Seltzer tablets to each group. (If you are teaching older students, they can break the tablets into the correct amounts using the edge of a Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -10- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 ruler. If you are working with younger students, use the knife to cut the tablets before distributing them.) 3. Give out a record sheet for younger students, or a blank piece of graph paper for older students, and a stopwatch to each group. 4. Have each group predict how long it will take for the canister to launch, using different size tablets. 5. Tell the students they must test multiple sizes. They must time how long it takes for the canister to “launch” and record it on their record sheet. 6. Have the groups do their tests. This is usually best to do outside because of the mess it creates. Be sure to clean up any Alka Seltzer residue. 7. Ask each group to write a paragraph describing their results and comparing the results to their prediction. 8. Have all the groups share their results. Every group should record all the data reported. 9. Tell each group they must now create a graph showing the times for each size tablet. Evaluation 1. Look over each group’s table and graph. For younger students, they should have filled out the record sheet properly. For older students, they should have created some sort of table with the correct labels. Both younger and older students should have created a bar graph with a title, labels, and an adequate scale. Read their paragraphs. Be sure their analysis is appropriate. Conclusion 2. Ask the students how they might be able to use the data collected to create a multi-stage rocket. 3. Have the groups share their ideas. 4. Let the students try to make and launch a two-stage Alka Seltzer rocket. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -11- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Expansions/Extensions This activity can have lots of expansions/extensions. Don’t be afraid to combine different activities or incorporate more research. Here are a few suggestions: • Students can experiment with the amount of water added. • Students can experiment using different mixtures that give off a gas (for example, vinegar and baking soda). • Students can build a rocket shaft and fins for the film canister. • Students can discuss why a three-stage rocket is not feasible. • Students can test other types of canisters to see how the results change. • Students can use different temperature water to see how it affects the results. Resources Fun site with a version of the Alka Seltzer rocket on it http://www.funology.com/alka-seltzer-rockets/ An Alka Seltzer rocket lesson plan http://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/class_acts/AlkaRocket.html Why does Alka Seltzer Fizz? http://science.howstuffworks.com/question116.htm THE site about Alka Seltzer http://www.alkaseltzer.com Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -12- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Soda Bottle Rocket Lesson Original Plan by U.S. Space & Rocket Center and NASA Objectives 1. Students will establish their own rocket building company. 2. Students will project a budget. 3. Students will balance a checkbook. 4. Students will build a soda bottle rocket. 5. Students will draw a scale model. 6. Students will collect data and share results using correct methods. (Table and bar graph.) Materials • • • • • • • • • • • Small Plastic Bottles (20 oz) Large Plastic Bottles (2 L) Cardboard (large and small sheets) Poster Board (large and small sheets) Fin Board Construction Paper Duct Tape Masking Tape Cool-melt Glue Gun (low heat) Regular Glue String • • • • • • • • • • • • • Yarn Modeling Clay Spray Paint (multiple colors) Goggles Disposable Gloves Markers Plastic Bags Water Scale (for weighing) Altitude Finder Corporation Packets Air Pump Soda Bottle Rocket Launcher Background Information Soda Bottle Rocket Construction Soda bottle rockets are super fun to build and fly surprisingly high. The rockets can be made with any type of plastic drink bottle with a narrow bottle opening. You can purchase kits that come with all the supplies to make the rockets or students can use general art supplies. The plan provided has students create rockets using general materials. One of the cool things about soda bottle rockets is that they can be made to be any shape or form. Rockets do not have to be typical rocket shapes. They can Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -13- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 be in the shape of a penguin, a bumblebee, or any other form your students would like to try. Some hints and suggestions: • Use the glue gun to attach fins, nose cones, etc. • Invest in a quality launcher. • Have students wear goggles during the launch. • The clay on the materials list is for use during the stability testing. • When using spray paint, have students wear goggles and disposable gloves. • Always pull the launch string away from the viewing area. This prevents the launch pad from being pulled towards your audience, in case of a malfunction. • Do not discourage choices about rocket designs that may not work. Let the students learn this on their own. Procedures Introduction 1. Ask students to share what they know about how rockets are built. 2. Discuss with students how, in the US, several companies build rockets. 3. Inform the class that they are to start their own rocket building company. Main Lesson 1. Put students in heterogeneous groups of three or four. 2. Distribute a Corporation Packet to each group. 3. Review the packet with the class by reading over the Project X Rocket Plan sheet. 4. Answer any questions the students have. 5. Let them start. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -14- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 6. Remind the students that they must pay for the “Rocket Fuel” in advance, as well as launch port fees. Evaluation 1. Groups should work cooperatively to complete all the components of the project. If they finish within budget, they have successfully completed the project. Conclusion 1. On flight day, have students fill out the first line of their flight day log with their own rocket’s information. 2. Each group should weigh its rocket and record this on the first line of their log. 3. Have each group share their information so each group can record the data on the remaining lines. 4. Launch the rockets! Remember to wear eye protection. 5. Measure the height of each launch using the altitude finder. 6. Record the results of each launch. 7. Have students graph the height of each launch versus the weight of each rocket to see if there is any correlation. (Or the average height of the launches versus the weight of each rocket.) Expansions/Extensions • Students can experiment with the amount of water used at launch time. • Students can build their own altitude finders. • Students can do multiple launches and average their launch heights together. • Students can compare the results of using traditional rocket parts (such as nose cone and fins) with not using traditional rocket parts. • Students can compare the results of using different size bottles. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -15- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Resources Plans to make your own bottle rocket launcher http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/~karplus/abe/soda-bottle-rocket.pdf NASA plans for a bottle rocket launcher http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Wa ter_Rocket_Launcher_Directions.html Detailed bottle rocket plan http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Wa ter_Rocket_Construction.html Link to a bottle rocket simulator http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/bottlerocket/ Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -16- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -17- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET PLAN Phase I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Understand project requirements and expectations. Complete journal cover with company logo. Complete certification of assumed name in your journal packet. On rocket checklist, fill in names. Draw a rough sketch of your rocket. Complete budget projection sheet. Write an abstract describing your rocket and its purpose. Phase II 1. Start rocket construction. EVERYONE on your team should be busy. Checks have to be written to purchase items. Someone needs to keep up with the balance sheet. Nose cone, fin construction, and bottle construction can take place at the same time. 2. Complete the measurement sheet located in your journal packet. Phase III 1. Make a scale drawing of rocket. You only need the complete measurement sheet and grid paper to complete this. 2. Make a silhouette. 3. Find and mark center of mass. (Stability test) 4. Find and mark center of pressure. (Stability test) 5. Make any modeling corrections. Launch Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -18- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 State of _____________ Certificate of Assumed Name ( Fill in the state that you live in.) All information on this form is public information. Please type or print legibly in black ink. PROJECT NUMBER _______ 1. State the exact name assumed under which the business is or will be conducted: _______________________________________________________________ 2. List the name and title of all persons conducting business under the above assumed name: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Today's Date: _____________, _________ Filing Fee: a $25 fee must accompany this form. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -19- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET CHECKLIST & TIMELINE Date Due Project journal cover w/ logo Designed by: Phase 1 Rocket design (Rough Sketch) (Entire group should be involved.) Facilitator: Budget projection sheet Written by: Abstract Phases 2-3 Written by: Checks and balance sheet Continuous Two people needed: (Write checks, balance checkbook.) 1. 2. Bottle rocket construction Construction supervised by: Phase 2 Nose cone construction Constructed by: Fin construction Constructed by: Complete measurement sheet Fins measured by: Nose cone measured by: Bottle measured by: Scale drawing (Use grid paper) Drawing completed by: Phase 3 Silhouette Cut out by: Stability test Conducted by: Swing test Conducted by: Any modeling revisions Launch Date: Rocket result sheet Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -20- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET ROUGH SKETCH Draw a rough sketch of your rocket here. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -21- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET BUDGET PROJECTION Record all expenses your company expects to incur below. You should include design, construction and launch costs. Item Quantity Projected Total Cost: Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -22- Total Cost 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ABSTRACT Your abstract should include the following information: • Positive traits about your company that show that you are committed to building a quality rocket. • The purpose of your rocket. • A brief description of your rocket. • The projected cost for building your rocket. • A projected timeline for finishing your rocket. • A statement promising to deliver what you are describing. • Your abstract should be typed, double spaced, using Arial font size 14. Use the space below to organize your thoughts. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -23- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET MATERIALS AND PRICE LIST The following is your materials and price list. Your team has a budget of $1,000,000. Use money wisely and keep accurate records of all expenditures. Make sure your NASA consultant has told you if any of the items on the list are not available. Once you know the items are in stock, you are ready to start. If you use any items not on the list, the NASA consultant will approve the items. (You will not be charged a fee for ASKING about these items.) The NASA consultant will decide how much to charge for any items not on the list. A project delay penalty fee will be assessed for not working cooperatively or not staying focused. This penalty fee could be as high as $300,000. If your money runs out, you will be operating in the "red" and this will count against your team. Use your time and money wisely, and work together as a team! Good luck! Supplier Clyde's Bottle Supply Stanley's Paper Products Stuck on You Inc. Strings and Things Stuff of the Earth Tony's Paint and Color Plastic Sheet Goods Aqua Rocket Fuel Co. NASA Launch Port NASA Consultation Item Small plastic bottle (20 oz) Large plastic bottle (2 L) Cardboard - large sheet Cardboard - small sheet Poster board - large sheet Poster board - small sheet Fin board - 1 sheet Construction paper - 1 sheet Duct tape - 12" Masking tape - 12" Use of hot glue - 5 minutes Use of regular glue - per class String - 60 cm Yarn - 60 cm Modeling Clay Spray paint - per object Use of markers - per class 1 plastic bag Half a bottle Launch Questions Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -24- Market Price $200,000 $400,000 $25,000 $15,000 $40,000 $25,000 $30,000 $10,000 $60,000 $50,000 $30,000 $40,000 $10,000 $15,000 $10,000 $40,000 $50,000 $300 $5,000 $100,000 $3,000 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET CHECKING ACCOUNT BALANCE SHEET (PAGE 1) Company Name: __________________________________________ (Be sure to record every purchase and subtract the purchases from your balance.) Check Number Date Amount To STARTING BALANCE: Balance $1,000,000 Balance to be transferred to page 2: Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -25- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET CHECKING ACCOUNT BALANCE SHEET (PAGE 2) Company Name: __________________________________________ (Be sure to record every purchase and subtract the purchases from your balance.) Check Number Date Amount To Balance from page 1: Balance - Final Balance: Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -26- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 101 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0101 102 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0102 103 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0103 104 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0104 Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -27- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 105 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0105 106 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0106 107 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0107 108 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0108 Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -28- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 109 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0109 110 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0110 111 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0111 112 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For _______________________ __________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0112 Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -29- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET MEASUREMENTS Project No. __________ Date _______________ Company Name: ____________________________________ Use metric measurements to measure and record the data in the blanks below. Be sure to accurately measure all parts of the rocket. Object Bottle Neck of bottle Nose cone Width of bottle Length Width Circumference (p x d) Using the supplied grid sheet, draw a side, top, and bottom view of your rocket, to scale (1 square = 2 cm), based on the measurements recorded above. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -30- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET SCALE DRAWING (1 square = 2 cm) Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -31- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET STABILITY TEST A rocket that flies straight through the air is said to be a stable rocket. A rocket that veers off course or tumbles wildly is said to be an unstable rocket. The difference between the flight of a stable and unstable rocket depends upon its design. All rockets have two distinct "centers." The first is the center of mass. This is a point about which the rocket balances. If you could place a ruler edge under this point, the rocket would balance horizontally like a seesaw. What this means is that half of the mass of the rocket is on one side of the ruler edge and half is on the other. Center of mass is important to a rocket's design because if a rocket is unstable, the rocket will tumble about this center. The other center in a rocket is the center of pressure. This is a point where half of the surface area of a rocket is on one side and half is on the other. The center of pressure differs from center of mass in that its location is not affected by the placement of payloads in the rocket. This is just a point based on the surface of the rocket, not what is inside. During flight, the pressure of air rushing past the rocket will balance half on one side of this point and half on the other. You can determine the center of pressure by cutting out an exact silhouette of the rocket from cardboard and balancing it on a ruler edge. The positioning of the center of mass and the center of pressure on a rocket is critical to its stability. The center of mass should be towards the rocket's nose and the center of pressure should be towards the rocket's tail for the rocket to fly straight. That is because the lower end of the rocket (starting with the center of mass and going downward) has more surface area than the upper end (starting with the center of mass and going upward). When the rocket flies, more air pressure exists on the lower end of the rocket than on the upper end. Air pressure will keep the lower end down and the upper end up. If the center of mass and the center of pressure are in the same place, neither end of the rocket will point upward. The rocket will be unstable and tumble. Stability Determination Instructions 1. Tie a string loop around the middle of your rocket. Tie a second string to the first so that you can pick it up. Slide the string loop to a position where the rocket balances. You may have to temporarily tape the nose cone in place to keep it from falling off. 2. Draw a straight line across the scale diagram of the rocket you made earlier to show where the string's position is. Mark the middle of the line with a dot. This is the rocket's center of mass. 3. Lay your rocket on a piece of cardboard. Carefully trace the rocket on the cardboard and cut it out. 4. Lay the cardboard silhouette you just cut out on the ruler and balance it. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -32- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 5. Draw a straight line across the diagram of your rocket where the ruler is. Mark the middle of this line with a dot. This is the center of pressure of the rocket. Center of Mass Test Center of Pressure Test If your center of mass is in front of the center of pressure, your rocket should be stable. Proceed to the swing test. If the two centers are next to or on top of each other, add more clay to the nosecone of the rocket. This will move the center of mass forward. Repeat steps 2 and 3 and then proceed to the swing test. Swing Test: 1. Tape the string loop you tied around your rocket in the previous set of instructions so that it does not slip. 2. While standing in an open place, slowly begin swinging your rocket in a circle. If the rocket points in the direction you are swinging it, the rocket is stable. If not, add more clay to the rocket nose cone or replace the rocket fins with larger ones. Repeat the stability determination instructions and then repeat the swing test. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -33- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET FLIGHT DAY LOG IF YOU DO MORE THAN ONE LAUNCH, YOU MUST AVERAGE THE RESULTS. TEAM NAME PROJECT NUMBER TOTAL ROCKET ROCKET WEIGHT LENGTH LAUNCH HEIGHT 1 ST 2 ND Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -34- 3 RD HEIGHT AVERAGE 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 PROJECT X ROCKET HEIGHT OF LAUNCH VS. WEIGHT GRAPH Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -35- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Model Rocketry I did not include a specific lesson on using model rocketry. I have only used it as part of the previous lesson, replacing the soda bottle rocket. You can replace the materials on the Materials and Price List with the parts of the model rockets. An Estes Viking class model rocket is great for this because of the multiple fin arrangements. Model rocketry can be used for many other lesson ideas. The value of using them is in the excitement they generate among students. All kinds of projects can be developed using model rockets. • Have students write stories about their rocket landing in a strange place. • Have students compare different model rocket styles. • Have students compare the different engine types. • Have students research how model rockets work. • All of Newton’s laws of motion can be explored using model rocketry. • Discuss the design of different model rockets. • Plot trajectories and try to hit targets. Resources Model rocketry educational site from Apogee rocket kits http://www.apogeerockets.com/Edu/Teaching_Tips Lots of model rocketry info from Estes Rockets http://www.estesrockets.com/ Aerospace Activities and Lesson by NASA http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/aeroact.htm Pitsco’s R2K Rocket Kit http://www.pitsco.com/R2K_Bottle_Rocket?sku=W20758 Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -36- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Troubleshooting With every new lesson we try, we always come across problems. Below are some issues I have run across when trying to implement this lesson. • If you do not have any budget to work with, have students bring in materials from home or purchase rocket kits. The kits are relatively inexpensive. • If there is no link to your current curriculum for this activity, do this lesson as a “Space/Rocketry Club” after school. It is also good as a one or two-week summer camp. • If you do not have a safe place to launch your rockets, celebrate a rocketry day at a local baseball field or other large area. Try to get several schools in your area to participate. • If you teach a specialized class with special needs students, you can assist students in making the rockets. • Remember to always wear eye protection when working with projectiles. It is a hard lesson to learn if you do not take proper precautionary measures. Other Ideas There are so many ways to expand or extend this type of project. Here are just a few more ideas: • Have students build model rockets from scratch. No kits allowed. • Have students research different NASA mission and build scale models of the rockets used for each mission. Have them discuss the reason behind the choice of the rocket used. • Map out on a blacktop the lengths of actual rockets used on NASA missions. • Read the book “Rocket Boys” by Homer Hickam while working on model rockets. Watch the movie “October Sky” to compare and contrast it to the book. • Scan the logos for each team’s company and put them on that team’s checks. You can also add the company name. (Example on next page.) Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -37- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Eagles #1 Fan 101 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For ___________________ ______________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0101 Eagles #1 Fan 102 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For ___________________ ______________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0102 Eagles #1 Fan 103 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For ___________________ ______________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0103 Eagles #1 Fan 104 Date: _______________ 2-432/845 244 Pay to the order of $ ___________________________________________________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________ Dollars For ___________________ ______________________________________ 012210432 5103394434 0104 Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -38- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Appendix I - Gamification Gamification is the practice of incorporating elements from gaming into a non-gaming activity. It is a practice being implemented by many businesses to increase their productivity, sales, or visibility. It can be used in the classroom to improve student focus and motivation. Below is a the beginning of the gamification process for the Rocket Corporation Activity. I plan to develop all these activities with a gamification piece. Gamification necessitates reflection on the 6 D’s, as described in For The Win, by Kevin Werbach and Dan Hunter. 1. Describe business objectives – just that, list your objectives. 2. Delineate target behaviors – list specific behaviors you want to increase/decrease by using aspects of gaming. 3. Describe your players – who is playing the game? 4. Devise activity cycles – what will players do as part of the game? 5. Don’t forget the fun – it is supposed to be game-like. 6. Deploy the appropriate tools – make sure there are resources to help the players track their participation in the game. In the classroom this 6 D’s change a little, but not that much. 1. Describe objectives – list your objectives of the activity. 2. Delineate target behaviors – list specific behaviors you want to increase/decrease by using aspects of gaming that improve students’ success of reaching the objectives. 3. Describe your players – your students. 4. Devise activity cycles – what parts of the lessons will act as features of the game. 5. Don’t forget the fun – by using gamification, hopefully you ARE adding fun. 6. Deploy the appropriate tools – this can be something as simple as a chart on a bulletin board or as complex as some sort of tech resource. Gamification is an emerging idea and can enhance many aspects of your classroom from behavior to motivation. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -39- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Appendix II – Rocket Corporation Game Objective • Complete the Rocket Corporation project at a high level, maintaining high standards for all parts of the project. Behaviors • • • • Use of correct grammar and spelling on all written parts Creative ideas and innovative designs Cooperation among team members Realistic and accurate budget monitoring Players • 3rd – 8th grade students Activities • • • • • Editing of written responses Developing creative plans and designs Projecting and balancing a budget Creating sketches and scale drawings Planning and working together as a team Fun • • Collecting of badges Building and launching a rocket Tools • • Chart tracking teams progress in room Place in packet to store badges Game Description Students will earn badges for completing activities as part of the Rocket Corporation project. The badges will give their teams status and motivate them to complete each part of the project at a high level. The team with the most badges at the end of the project with a successful rocket launch will be crowned Rocket Scientists. Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -40- 3, 2, 1… Lift-Off! National NSTA Conference in Boston 2014 Badges – These can be stickers or actual badges made with a button maker. • Editor-in-Chief – No grammar or spelling errors, one per team • Master Salesman – Team with the best abstract as voted on by class through a blind survey, one per class • Fiscally Responsible – Teams that do not go over project budget, one per team • Master Budgeter – Team that comes in the most below projected budget, one per class • Doodler Extraordinaire – Detailed drawings, one per team • Blueprint Guru – Most accurate rocket based on initial sketch, one per class • Thumbs Up – Randomly given to teams working well together, unlimited per team • Go Team Go – Team who receives the most Thumbs Up badges, one per class • Party Planner – Teams who stay on task and complete tasks as planned out on timeline, one per team • Time Master – Teams that complete project ahead of schedule, one per team • To Infinity and Beyond – Highest rocket launch, one per class • Thrift Master – Successful rocket built for the least amount of money, one per class • Party Time Master – Team that completes successful project the fastest, one per class • Rocket Scientists – Team with a successful launch and the most badges, one per class Edited, Compiled and/or Developed by Anthony Grisillo http://www.mrgsworld.com -41-