Manual of the
International Population Policy Acceptance Survey
(IPPAS)1
Dragana Avramov and Robert Cliquet
Population and Social Policy Consultants (PSPC)2
Brussels
*
1
All publications in which IPPAS Database is used must mention the source as follows:
Avramov, D., R. Cliquet (2007), Manual, Questionnaire, Codebook and Database of the International
Population Policy Acceptance Study (IPPAS). In: C. Höhn, D. Avramov, I. Kotowska (eds.), People,
Population Change and Policy. Lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European
Studies of Population. Dordrecht: Springer.
2
www.avramov.org
1. Introduction
The aim of the Manual is to enable the scientific community to use the International
Population Policy Acceptance Survey (IPPAS) database for the scientific analyses.
This Manual consists of two files. The first is the text file which describes the
technical background of the survey and gives in the appendix the questionnaire, the
codebook, and the overview of the variables per country, and the second is the file in
SPSS format containing the IPPAS database.
The IPPAS database is the output of the ‘Population Policy Acceptance Study - The
Viewpoint of Citizens and Policy Actors Regarding the Management of Population
Related Change’ (DIALOG). This international comparative research on European’s
practices, attitudes and opinions concerning demographic changes, fertility
behaviour, intergenerational exchange of resources and services, and population
related policies was undertaken in 14 Eastern and Western European countries:
Belgium (Flanders), Czech Republic, Cyprus, Germany, Estonia, Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, The Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, and Finland.
The study addressed in an internationally comparative way values and attitudes
concerning five broad domains: general family related policies and attitudes; gender
roles in partnership, family life and work and opinions about government policies
with respect to gender related rights; reconciliation of work and family life as it
relates to the combination between employment, housework, child care, and care of
elderly; attitudes and experiences about having children and child-friendly policies;
attitudes, experiences and expectations regarding intergenerational solidarity, elderly,
one’s own old age and population ageing.
The DIALOG project included the collection and comparative analysis of three
different data sources in the 14 participating countries: (1) the Population Policy
Acceptance Survey among individual citizens, (2) the Delphi study for exploring and
analysing expert opinions on population policy development at national and European
levels with the objective of establishing a dialogue between policy actors, experts and
citizens, and (3) contextual analysis and desk review of literature and secondary
sources with the aim of producing a synthesis report of population trends and
population-related policy measures implemented at the regional and national levels
combined with statistical analysis of general parts of the survey questionnaires.
The international comparative study ‘Population Policy Acceptance Study’ was
financed by the European Commission within its 5th Framework Programme in the
period December 2002 – November 2005 (Contract HPSE-CT-2002-00153, Acronym
‘DIALOG’). The national Population Policy Acceptance Surveys in the 14
participating countries were carried out with national resources.
Members of the ‘Population Policy Acceptance Study’ DIALOG Consortium are:
•
•
Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany, coordinator;
Population and Social Policy Consultants (PSPC), Brussels, Belgium,
responsible for the international database;
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione e
le Politiche Sociali (CNR/IRPPS), Rome, Italy, responsible for the Delphi
study;
Vaeestoeliitto ry – Population Research Institute (PRI), Helsinki, Finland,
responsible for the general family related policies and attitudes;
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften – Institut fÜr Demographie
(OEAW), Vienna, Austria, responsible for gender issues;
Warsaw School of Economics – Institute of Statistics and Demography (ISD),
Warsaw, Poland, responsible for the work and parenthood issues;
Stichting Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut (Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute) (NIDI), The Hague, the Netherlands,
responsible for the child-friendly policies;
Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie (Population and Family Research
Centre)(CBGS), Brussels, Belgium, responsible for the intergenerational
solidarity and elderly;
Masarykova Univerzita v Brnĕ – Department of Sociology, School of Social
Studies (SSS MU), BRNO, Czech Republic, partner;
Estonian Interuniversity Population Research Centre (EKDK), Tallinn,
Estonia, partner;
Institut za ekonomska raziskovanja (Institute for Economic Research) (IER),
Ljubljana, Slovenia, partner;
Demographic Research Institute at the HCSO (DRI), Budapest, Hungary,
partner;
Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts –
Institute of Medical Sciences at SRC SASA (SRC SASA), Ljubljana,
Slovenia, partner;
University of Zürich, Institute for Sociology (SUZ), Zürich, Switzerland,
partner;
Demographic Research Centre of the Institute for Social Research, Vilnius,
Lithuania, associate partner;
Intercollege, Nicosia, Cyprus, associate partner.
2. The PPAS questionnaire
The PPAS consortium members developed jointly the standard PPAS questionnaire
(Appendix 1).
In designing the PPAS questionnaire, the drafting team took up two major challenges,
to preserve comparability with the major survey themes of the PPA of the early 1990s,
and to address new arising population questions and population-related policy issues.
The PPAS standard questionnaire includes mainly closed questions which were easy
to code numerically. Only in a few cases, one or more additional answers were
recorded and numerically coded afterwards.
The questionnaire consists of a general part and six modules on specific issues: gender
roles, values in life, caring, ageing, foreigners, and childcare. Both the core
questionnaire and the modules include, in addition to the main body of questions
3
which were are part of the standard questionnaire, a few optional questions. Although
it was recommended that all of the six modules be included in the survey, in some
countries specific modules were not applied because the topic was not considered
country-relevant, or a specific survey covering a topical module had recently been
undertaken, or there was no interest or analytic capacity for a particular theme.
The PPAS questionnaire was originally drafted in English then translated in the
national languages of the participating countries. It was then back-translated into
English by independent translators not involved in the translation of IPPAS
questionnaire into national languages for assessing the degree of comparability of the
questions in view of the international comparative study. Consultations were held
with each of the DIALOG partners regarding country-based specificities, but no
major translation-related difficulties were found. Wherever differences in question
formulation occurred, they resulted from differences in conceptual approach. Such
differences will be appropriately reported in footnotes, wherever necessary.
2.1. The core questionnaire
The general part of the questionnaire consists of four major sections which address the
following issues:
¾ attitudes on general social policies and demographic developments:
government’s responsibilities, knowledge and preferences about demographic
trends;
¾ attitudes on household and family structures and developments: attitudes on
lifestyles, marriage and children;
¾ attitudes about having children and policy measures supporting parenthood:
desired and expected family size, attitudes towards measures facilitating
parenthood, views about child allowances, experiences and views on parental
leave;
¾ socio-demographic and socio-economic identification of respondents: sociodemographic identification features such as sex, age, education, household
composition, number of children, religiosity, income, employment and
homework; satisfaction with several domains of present living conditions.
Some of these items were also asked for the respondent’s partner.
2.2. Module ‘Gender roles’
The module ‘gender roles’ deals with:
¾ attitudes towards men’s and women’s work and household tasks;
¾ attitudes towards financial responsibilities in the couple and decision-making
in the household;
¾ views on gender role division regarding parenthood and child care;
¾ views on governmental policies concerning gender-related rights.
2.3. Module ‘Values in life’
The module ‘values in life’ includes:
¾ attitudes towards values in life with respect to different aspects of daily life
(time use, partnership harmony, social appreciation, income, holidays,
housing, self-fulfilment, job satisfaction);
4
¾ the reconciliation of those life domains with family size.
2.4. Module ’Caring in family life’
The module ‘caring in family life’ includes the following:
¾ resource persons in case of need for help or care in domains such as finance,
disease, old age;
¾ preferred combination of type of job and family size.
2.5. Module ‘Ageing’
The module ‘ageing’ deals with:
¾ evaluation of population ageing
¾ views/perceptions on elderly;
¾ views about resource persons for elderly in need of care or help;
¾ relations with and assistance to older persons;
¾ preference about living arrangements in old age;
¾ expected and preferred age at retirement;
¾ attitudes on types of deprivation after retirement;
¾ views on (labour) activities and work organisation in old age;
¾ preferences about retirement policies;
¾ views on transition from work to retirement;
¾ preferred governmental policies towards pensions and old age benefits.
2.6. Module ‘Foreigners’ 3
The module ‘foreigners’ includes:
¾ identification of foreigners;
¾ knowledge and attitudes on the demography of foreigners;
¾ views on foreigners-related problems;
¾ views on policy measures towards foreigners;
¾ views on immigration policies.
2.7. Module ‘Childcare’
The module ‘childcare’ includes:
¾ preference for resource persons in childcare;
¾ experience with childcare arrangements;
¾ opinion of childcare facilities;
¾ views on the place of children in society.
3. PPAS samples
3.1. Sample design
3
The ‘Foreigners’ module is not part of the DIALOG project and is consequently not included in the
IPPAS database and codebook. This module is part of the dataset that is exploited under the FEMAGE
project (Avramov and Cliquet, 2007).
5
The initial PPAS Consortium agreed upon the minimum sample size which was set at
1500 per country. It was also decided that both men and women should be
interviewed and that the age range should minimally cover 20 to 60 years. The sample
design is given in Table 1.
Table 1: Sample design (1)
Country
Planned
sample size
Age
range
Belgium (Flanders)*
Czech Republic
Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus*
Lithuania
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
5500
1100
4000*
2292
3500
1.200
1400
3000
1500
3280
3317*
1550
1596
7000
20-64
18-75
20-65
16-79
20-50
20-45
18-75
18+
16+
20-65
18-65
18-90
20-64
18-69
Population size Sample size in ‰
corresponding to of population size
age composition corresponding to
of survey (in
age composition
thousands)
of survey
3413
1.61
7722
0.14
46751
0.08
1120
2.05
25238
0.14
252
4,76
2483
0.56
8228
0.36
12910
0.12
4954
0.66
24830
0.18
17247
0.09
1256
1.27
3526
1.98
Belgium (Flanders) *: data are limited to the Flemish region.
Cyprus*: data are limited to the territory of the EU Member State.
Germany *: 2000 West-Germany, 2000 East-Germany.
Poland *: 3317 dwellings and 3810 households have been selected: all persons of relevant age living in the
households are interviewed. It is possible that in one dwelling more that one household is situated. The sample
design is based on dwellings but the sample unit is a household.
Source: IPPAS database
6
The sampling frame was usually based on population registers and the sampling
structure was in most cases multistage. Most countries used one or more stratification
criteria in composing their sample. In 9 countries, the sampling units were persons,
and in 4 countries respondents were selected out of a household sample. Most
countries applied internal weighting in order to make their sample representative to
one or more of the socio-demographic control variables they applied. Only two
countries substituted interviewees who could not be contacted or refused to be
interviewed (Table 2).
3.2. Realised samples
The Population Policy Acceptance Surveys have been conducted in 14 European
countries. Table 3 gives an overview of the number of realised interviews per country.
In total, the IPPAS database includes information on 35377 respondents, 16470 males
and 18877 females.
All samples are nationally representative and include male and female respondents.
The age range covers or even transcends the minimally recommended range of 20 to
60, with the exception of two countries where the upper age limit was set at 50. In
most countries the sample size exceeded largely the recommended size of 1,500
respondents. Only in three countries it was lower than the recommended size.
The non-contact rate – i.e. the percent proportion of non-contacts on the total number
of visited addresses – lies in most countries below 20 or even 10 percent. The refusal
rate – the percent proportion of refusing respondents on the total number of contacted
persons – is in most cases below 30 percent. The overall response rate lies, with two
exceptions, above 60 percent.
4. Fieldwork
The surveys were undertaken between 2000 and 2003. The fieldwork lasted in most
countries less than 3 months (Table 4).
In two-thirds of the participating countries, the surveys were implemented as face-toface interview surveys, in four countries they were carried out by means of a mail or
self-completion survey, in one country the survey was done by means of a CAPI
(computer added personal interview, sent via internet) and in one country the
investigation was organised as a telephone survey.
In case of face-to-face interviewing, the fieldwork was usually undertaken by
commercial agencies as was the recruitment and training of the interviewers. The
initial contact was done either by letter or by direct contact. The interviews lasted
between one and one-and-a-half hour. The number of interviews per interviewers was
usually less than 10 respondents.
7
Table 2: Sample design (2)
Country
Sampling
frame
Sampling
structure
Stratification
criteria
Sampling
units
Internal
weighting
Belgium
(Flanders)*
Czech
Republic
Population
register
Register of
towns and
villages
Multistage
Region,
municipality
Region
Persons
No
Substitution
of refusals
and noncontacts
No
Yes
No
Germany
ADM
Multistage
Households
(random
walk) +
Kisch tables
Persons
Yes
No
Estonia
Population
census
Other
Direct
Persons
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Dwellings
Yes
No
Persons
Yes
No
Persons
No
Yes
Persons
Yes
No
Italy
Direct
One stage
Cyprus*
Population
register
Multistage
Lithuania
Population
register
Population
register
Multistage
Telephone
booth
Multistage
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Inventory of Multistage
inhabitants’
addresses
Population Multistage
register
Romania
Random
Slovenia
Population
register
Population
register
Finland
Multistage
Sample points
(streets)
Region
3 territorial
Persons
sectors, age
and sex
District,
Households
urban/rural,
sex
Region,
Households
municipality
Persons
Region (NUTS
2),
type of
settlement
Persons
Region, age,
sex, marital
status
Region, size of Households
place
Region
(voivodships,
urban/rural
regions)
Multistage
Region,
county, type of
locality
Multistage
Census
districts
Direct
-
Belgium (Flanders)*: data are limited to the Flemish region
Cyprus*: data are limited to the territory of the EU Member State.
Source: IPPAS database
8
Table 3: Realised samples (not weighted data)
Country
1
Belgium-Fla
Czech R.
Germany a
Estonia
Italy
Cyprusa
Lithuania
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
Number of respondents
Female
Male
Total
2
3
1899 2058
423
671
b
2030 2080c
679 1002
1764 1736
541
597
613
787
1381 1676
1072 917
826 1169
2101 2403
754
802
770
780
1617 2199
4
3957b
1094
4110d
1681
3500
1138
1400
3057
1989-1755a
1995
4504
1556
1550
3816
Number of
noncontacts
5
Number
of
refusals
6
1693c
41
181
338
f
624
1833e
430
181
1229
1876
108
221
1014
550
817
1126
584-818b
52
276
889 a
375 a
Unknown
279
23
631
-
% noncontact
rate
%
refusal
rate
(5) x100/
(4+5+6)
(6) x
100/
4+6
%
overall
response
rate
(4) x 100/
(4+5+6)
7
8
9
30
11
10
19
19
7
34
16
-b
2
15 a
1
-
1
24
31
10
35
16
28
27
-b
12
8a
15
29
-
70
68
63
73
53
78
47
61
(68-77)c
86
78 a
70
56a
Belgium (Flanders): a data are limited to the Flemish region
b
complete questionnaires;
c
includes: incomplete questionnaires, wrong person interviewed, non-response because of
health.
Cyprus a: data are limited to the territory of the EU Member State.
Germany: a 2000 West-Germany, 2000 East-Germany;
b
1016 West-Germany, 1014 East-Germany;
c
1042 West-Germany, 1038 East-Germany;
d
2058 West-Germany, 2052 East-Germany;
e
781 households and 1102 individuals;
f
512 households and 112 individuals; 148 drop outs for other reasons must be added (total number of
drop outs: 2655).
Netherlands: a The mail survey has been undertaken in two parts: 1989 persons responded to the first questionnaire,
1755 responded to the second one.
b
Non-contacts and refusals can not be distinguished.
c
The overall response rate of those selected for the PPA survey lies between 1755 x100/ 2573 = 68.2
(second questionnaire) and 1989 x 100/2573 = 77.3 (first questionnaire). These figures underestimate
the real response rate, since the selected sample was already subject to a pre-selection of the agency
that organised the survey. The Dutch response rates are not comparable to the response rates of the
other countries.
Poland: a the sample included 3810 households. Due to non-contacts 889 households were dropped. 408 selected
to the sample did not include members aged 18-64 years. For 375 households no member was interviewed due to
refusal. In 2138 households 4497 persons were interviewed.
Finland: a the response rate has been calculated on the basis of the available information (3821) x 100/ (7000 – 71
(mail was returned due to wrong address) - 65 (mail returned because of serious illness, or because of inability to
understand Finnish) - 6 (excluded because of the age limit) = 55.7 percent.
Source: IPPAS database
9
Table 4: Fieldwork
Year Duration Recruitment
and training
of
of
survey fieldwork interviewers
in months
Country
Type of
survey
Belgium
(Flanders)*
Czech
Republic
Germany
Mail
2003
3
2001
1
2003
3
Estonia
Face-toface
Face-toface
Mail
2003
6
Italy
Telephone
2002
Cyprus*
Face to face
2001
1
6
Lithuania
Face-toface
Face-toface
CAPI*
2001
1/2
2000
2
2002
1
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Face-toface
Poland
Face-toface and
selfcompletion
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
Face-toface
Face-toface
Mail
2001
1,5
2001
2001
1/2
1
2000
1
2002
1
Non
applicable
Commercial
agency
Commercial
firm
EKDK
Initial
contact
Average
length of
interviews
Number of
interviews
per
interviewer
Letter
Non
applicable
50 minutes
Non
applicable
8
?
8.24
Non
applicable
Non
applicable
Non
applicable
Non
applicable
Direct
contact
Direct
contact
Letter
IRPPS and
Telephone
commercial
firm
Direct
45
40
Organisation
contact
that
performed the
fieldwork
Commercial
Direct
45
8
agency
contact
Commercial
Letter
?
30
agency
Non
Telephone 60 minutes
Non
applicable
applicable
Organization Letter
60 - 90
Non
that
minutes
applicable
performed the
fieldwork
Direct
Non
Central
contact
applicable
12
Statistical
Office,
training by
ISD
researchers
responsible
for the survey
Commercial
Direct
75 minutes
8
agency
contact
Commercial
Letter
1,5 hours
8
agency
Non
Letter
NA
Non
applicable
applicable
Belgium (Flanders) *: data are limited to the Flemish region.
Cyprus*: data are limited to the territory of the EU Member State.
Netherlands: * CAPI: computer added personal interview (sent via internet)
Source: IPPAS database
10
5. National data processing
The control of the completed questionnaires was in the majority of the countries
performed by the commercial organisation that organised the fieldwork.
The data processing was performed either by the commercial agency or by the partner
institution. The preparation of the national PPA SPSS data file was in the large
majority of the countries done by the partner institutions themselves (Table 5).
Table 5: Data processing
Country
Control of completed
questionnaires
performed by
Data processing
performed by
Preparation of the
national SPSS data
file
Belgium
(Flanders)*
Czech
Republic
Germany
CBGS
Private
company/UCAD
CBGS
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
(TNS Emnid)
UMASSS
UMASSS
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork (TNS
Emnid)
EKDK
IRPPS
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork (TNS
Emnid) and BiB
EKDK
IRPPS
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
Demographic
Research Centre
organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork + VID
ISD
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
PRI
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
Demographic
Research Centre
organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
NIDI
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus*
Lithuania
Hungary
EKDK
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Netherlands
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Austria
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Poland
Romania
Central Statistical Office
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Slovenia
Organisation that
performed the fieldwork
Finland
PRI
VID
ISD
Beatrice Manea
Organisation that
performed the
fieldwork
PRI
Belgium (Flanders) *: data are limited to the Flemish region.
Cyprus*: data are limited to the territory of the EU Member State.
Source: IPPAS database
11
6. The national PPAS databases
The national questionnaires could include two types of variables: the variables from
the PPA standard questionnaire and country-specific variables. The latter were
included in most country questionnaires as a response to specific national interests or
theoretical orientations pursued in the participating institute.
The participating institutes prepared their national database for their own national
analysis. They performed a quality control of their data and cleaned the data wherever
necessary (Table 6). They also controlled their data for representativeness. In a
number of countries, internal weighting of the data was introduced.
7. The international database (IPPAS)
Population and Social Policy Consultants (PSPC, Brussels) was responsible for
compiling the international database (IPPAS) and has prepared its supporting tools
and documents, such as the SPSS data file and the codebook.
7.1. Transference of the national databases into the international database IPPAS
The International Population Policy Acceptance Survey database (IPPAS) was created
to serve as tool for the international comparative analyses. In order to compose this
database, guidelines for the production of the national databases to be inserted in the
international database were produced. This document described the format of the
international database (SPSS file), the general codes to be used, and the basic
variables to be included in the database. Further, an IPPAS template in SPSS-11
format and the corresponding codebook with the basic variables and their values of
the standard PPAS questionnaire were compiled and put at the disposal of the
DIALOG partner institutions. The DIALOG partner institutions having undertaken a
PPA survey prepared their national database in this format. Wherever necessary,
PSPC visited the DIALOG partner institutions for discussing conceptual problems
related to the inclusion of the national PPAS database in the International PPAS
database.
The collection of the national databases at PSPC and the distribution of the
International PPAS database to the DIALOG partner institutions occurred via e-mail
or/and CD-ROM.
7.2. Quality control of the basic variables and their comparability
The quality control of the basic variables in the IPPAS database was preceded by a
thorough examination of each of the national questionnaires which had been backtranslated into English at the participating institutes. Wherever necessary, codes were
harmonised for enhancing the international comparability of the data. Next, each one
of the national databases was carefully examined, and adjustments made wherever
needed. Finally, the national databases were merged into the IPPAS database and the
frequency distributions for all of the basic variables compared by country to identify
and correct possible distortions or errors such as inversions of variable value codes.
12
Table 6: Quality control of national databases
Country
Validation against external sources
Source
Variable
Population register
Age and civil
status
Czech statistical office
Sex, age, regions,
education,
economic activity,
size of town and
village
-
Belgium
(Flanders)
Czech Republic
Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Population census
Population census
Lithuania
Census,
Surveys: FFS, EVS
HCSO (Hungarian Central Statistical
Office)
National population register data and
data of national elections
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Official statistics (Micro census)
Poland
Official statistics
Romania
Slovenia
Census 1992
Census
Finland
Administrative/statistical sources
(Population Statistics, Finland)
Sex/age
Sex/age/District
size
Education, G1, G2
sex, age, marital
status, education,
Sex, age, religion,
political
participation,
educational level,
province, region
Region, sex, age,
Sex, age,
educational level,
place of residence
age and ethnicity
Sex, age, type of
residence, region
Age, sex, region,
urban-rural,
marital status,
primary education
Sample internally
weighted on
No internal weighting
Sex, age, regions,
education, size of
town
Eastern and Western
Germany
Age
No internal weighting
No internal weighting
No internal weighting
Sex, age, education,
size of settlement
Sex, age, marital
status, region,
educational level
Region, size of place,
sex, age, labour force
status
Place of residence
Age and ethnicity
No internal weighting
Sex, age, primary
education
Belgium (Flanders) *: data are limited to the Flemish region.
Cyprus*: data are limited to the territory of the EU Member State.
Source: IPPAS database
In the course of the DIALOG project, the IPPAS database and codebook have
continuously been completed and refined, as the analytic work on the comparative
study progressed.
In order to facilitate the international comparative analysis of the database, a
comparative table of the IPPAS variables per country was prepared (Annex 2). This
13
table allows identifying in an easy way which countries can be used for comparative
analyses of the IPPAS variables.
7.3. Weighting factors
The IPPAS database includes two weighting variables: an internal weight (IWEIGHT)
and a pooled weight (PWEIGHT).
The internal weights were provided by the countries that applied weighting of their
sample (IWEIGHT). If the national data were not weighted, the respondents’ internal
weight got value = 1. The IWEIGHT variable is used for analyses per country. A
special internal weight (IWEIGHTG) has to be applied when using the recoded
country variables RCCTRY or RCCTRYE which distinguish Eastern and Western
Germany. The internal weight values for these two regions = 1; the internal weight
values for the other countries are identical to the values in variable IWEIGHT.
For use of the pooled data of IPPAS, a pooled weighting factor (PWEIGHT) was
calculated as follows: PWEIGHT = IWEIGHT x (population size per country/total
population size for all countries)/(number of respondents per survey/total number of
respondents for all country surveys together). In case data are pooled for a selection of
PPAS countries, a specific pooled weight has to be calculated, using only the
countries selected. Specific pooled weights can easily be calculated, using the
variables IWEIGHT, NPOPSIZE, and NSURSIZE available in the IPPAS database.
7.4. Contents of the International Database (IPPAS) and Codebook
The IPPAS database comprises 336 basic variables from the PPAS standard
questionnaire and some other basic variables, 406 country-specific variables, and 145
recoded or regrouped variables.
Originally, it was also the intention to include a number of composite variables based
on variable batteries concerning attitudes on particular issues, but it appeared that too
often some of the basic variables for a particular item were missing in one or more of
the national databases. The codebook therefore includes only a few suggestions of
possible composite variables, but those are not elaborated in the IPPAS database.
The IPPAS codebook closely follows the structure of the IPPAS database. It includes:
labels and titles of variables, and codes and code description of variable categories. In
addition, it comprises comments on their availability per country or parts of the
sample and, in particular for the recoded and regrouped variables, the construction of
the variables and their relation to the basic variables.
All variables can have the following general codes:
-6: refused to answer
-7: don’t know
-8: non applicable
-9: no information
14
All of these codes will normally be classified in the SPSS database as “missing”.
Some of these codes can be retrieved by deleting them from the “SPSS Variable
View” column “Missing”, whenever necessary for analysis.
7.4.1. Basic variables
The basic variables from the PPAS standard questionnaire and some other basic
variables, totalling 336 variables, are classified in eight groups (see contents of
questionnaire above):
¾ general variables on identification, interview date, internal and pooled
weighting variables, survey size, population size corresponding to the age
composition of the survey sample, and several other basic demographic
variables needed for the analysis of some of the PPAS data;
¾ core questionnaire variables;
¾ gender module variables;
¾ values of life module variables;
¾ caring module variables;
¾ ageing module variables;
¾ childcare module variables.
7.4.2. Country-specific variables
This section of the database includes 406 additional variables which were selected
from the national databases of some countries and which were thought to include
interesting additional information on specific PPAS issues. In some cases, countryspecific variables are available for several countries and can be used for partial
comparison of data. The country-specific variables have been added to the database to
illustrate country-specific phenomena or to allow for some more in-depth analysis of
particular problems for groups of countries.
7.4.3. Recoded and regrouped variables
This section includes 145 recoded or regrouped variables PSPC constructed to
facilitate cross-country comparative analyses and the use of identical recoded
variables in the different analytical and comparative parts of the DIALOG project.
The recoded variables consist in essence of two types of variables: corrected basic
variables and combinations of basic variables. The latter group consists of a wide
variety of variables, going from recoded variables in which the large number of codes
have been reduced to a smaller, manageable number (e.g. age groups), variables
constructed on the basis of the combination of different basic variables (e.g. total
expected number of children; household composition), variables comparing actual
data with PPA estimated data (e.g. percentage difference between the PPA estimated
percentage of aged population and the actual one), and computed variables (e.g.
equivalised income).
During the analytic phase of the DIALOG project, several new recoded or regrouped
variables have been added to the database.
7.4.4. Composite variables
15
The following composite variables have been suggested for the analysis of the IPPAS
data (Table 7). However, due to missing items for some countries, most of these
variables have not yet been elaborated in the IPPAS database.
Table 7: Suggested composite variables for the analysis of IPPAS
Name
variable
COMCF2
COMCF22
COMCF4
COMCF42
COMCF43
COMCF6
COMCF62
COMCI1
COMCI2
COMCL1P
COMCL1C
COMCL2
Label
variable
Accumulated reasons for
not wanting a(nother)
child
Accumulated reasons for
not wanting a(nother)
child
Accumulated family
policy measures
Accumulated family
policy measures
Accumulated family
policy measures
(regrouped)
Accumulated
consequences of
implementation of desired
measures
Accumulated
consequences of
implementation of desired
measures
Accumulated
governmental
responsibility
Accumulated
governmental attention
Accumulated evaluation
of changes in partnership
behaviour
Accumulated evaluation
of changes in reproductive
behaviour
Accumulated importance
of material causes in the
postponement/renouncem
ent of marriages
Composition of composite variable
Based on CF2a to CF2k
12 categories
Based on COMCF2, used for MCA
Based on CF4A to CF4M
See COMCF42
Based on COMCF4
14 categories
Based on COMCF42, used for MCA
Based on CF6a to CF6d
5 categories
Based on COMCF6, used for MCA
Sum of scores on the 7 items of basic
variable CI1
Sum of scores on the 9 items of CI2
Sum of scores on 6 items of CL1: CL1A,
C, E, G, H, and I
Sum of scores on 3 items of CL1: CL1B,
D, and F
CL2 includes several dimensions: at the
utmost CL2A, CL2B and CL2G can be
combined in a composite variable about
the material causes of postponement/
renouncement of marriages.
Sum of scores on 3 items of CL2: CL2A,
16
CL2B and CL2G.
COMCL5
COMCF2L
Accumulated agreement
about children’s meaning
for parents
Accumulated lifestyle
reasons for not wanting
a(nother) child
Sum of scores on 7 items of CL5: CL5ACL5G)
Accumulated support for
gender equality measures
Accumulated values in
life
Accumulated preferences
children
Accumulated positive
views on elderly in
society
Accumulated negative
views on elderly in
society
Accumulated family care
of elderly
Accumulated family help
to elderly
Accumulated societal help
to elderly
Accumulated family
health care assistance to
elderly
Accumulated societal
health care assistance to
elderly
Sum of scores on 7 items of G11.
Statistical analyses point to the existence
of three groups of items: lifestyle (C, D,
E, F, G, I), children (A, H) and biology
(B, J).
PSPC suggests to limit the composite
variable to lifestyle items: Sum of scores
on 6 items of CF2: CF2C, D, E, F, G, and
I.
COMCF4 Accumulated approbation Sum of scores on the 13 items of CF4.
of child-friendly policies
COMCQ20 Accumulated satisfaction Sum of scores on the 6 items of CQ20.
about various domains in
life
COMG1G2T Accumulated opinion
Sum of scores on 6 items of G1 and G2:
about traditional gender
G1b-e, G1h, and G2b.
roles
COMG11
COMV1
COMV2
COMA2P
COMA2N
COMA3F
COMA4F
COMA4S
COMA14F
COMA14S
V1A-V1K
V2A-V2K
Sum of scores on 6 items of A2: a, b, c, d,
e, and i.
Sum of scores on 3 items of A2: f, g, and
h.
Sum of scores A3b, A3c, A3d, and A3e.
Sum of scores on A4a, A4b, A4c, and
A4D.
Sum of scores on A4e, A4f, A4g, and
A4h.
Sum of scores on A14a, A14b, A14c, and
A14d.
Sum of scores A14e, A14f, A14g, and
A14h.
Source: IPPAS database
17
References
Avramov, D., R. Cliquet (2007), Manual, Questionnaire, Codebook and Database of
the International Population Policy Acceptance Study (IPPAS). In: C. Höhn, D.
Avramov, I. Kotowska (eds.), People, Population Change and Policy. Lessons
from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European Studies of Population.
Dordrecht: Springer.
Avramov, D. and R. Cliquet (2007), Manual, Questionnaire, Codebook and Database
of the FEMAGE study: Needs for female immigrants and their integration in
ageing
societies.
BiB-Materialen,
Wiesbaden:
Bundesinstitut
für
Bevölkerungsforschung.
Avramov, D., and R. Cliquet (2007), Population Policy Acceptance Survey and the
International Database: Conceptualization, Objectives, Methods and
Opportunities for Analyses. In: C. Höhn, D. Avramov, I. Kotowska (eds.),
People, Population Change and Policies. Lessons from the Population Policy
Acceptance Study. European Studies of Population, Dordrecht: Springer.
Blaikie, N. (2003), Analysing Quantitative Data. From Description to Explanation.
London: Sage.
Borg, I., P. Groenen (1997), Modern Multidimensional Scaling. Theory and
Applications. New York: Springer.
Callens, M. (2005), Regression Modelling of Cross-National Data with an
Application based on the Population Policy Acceptance Survey. In: C. Höhn, D.
Avramov, I. Kotowska (eds.), People, Population Change and Policies. Lessons
from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European Studies of Population,
Dordrecht: Springer.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951), Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests.
Psychometrika, 16: 297-333.
DIALOG (2002), Population Policy Acceptance Study. The Viewpoint of Citizens and
Policy Actors Regarding the Management of Population Related Change. 5th
Framework Research Project SERD-2002-00110. Brussels: European
Commission DG5.
Höhn, C., et al. (2005), Population Policy Acceptance Study. The Viewpoint of
Citizens and Policy Actors Regarding the Management of Population Related
Change. Final Report. 5th Framework Research Project SERD-2002-00110.
Brussels: European Commission DG5.
Höhn, C., D. Avramov, I. Kotowska (eds.) (2006), People, Population Change and
Policies. Lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European
Studies of Population, Dordrecht: Springer.
Moors, H., R. Palomba (eds.), Population, Family and Welfare. A Comparative
Survey of European Attitudes. Volume 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Palomba, R., H. Moors (eds.) (1998), Population, Family and Welfare. A
Comparative Survey of European Attitudes. Volume II. Oxford: Clarendon
Press.
Young, F.W., R.M. Hamer (1987), Multidimensional Scaling. History, Theory, and
Applications. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
18
Appendices
1.
2.
3.
4.
PPAS questionnaire
Overview PPAS variables per country
Codebook of the International Population Policy Acceptance Study database
International Population Policy Acceptance Survey database (IPPAS) in SPSS
format (separate file)
19
Avramov, D., R. Cliquet (2007), Manual of the International Population Policy Acceptance
Study (IPPAS). In: C. Höhn, D. Avramov, I. Kotowska (eds.), People, Population Change and
Policy. Lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European Studies of Population.
Dordrecht: Springer.
APPENDIX 1:
Questionnaire of the
International Population Policy Acceptance Study
(IPPAS)
December 2000
20
Core questionnaire:
We kindly ask you to answer all questions. Comments are welcome. You may write
these down with the question concerned, or on the last page of this questionnaire.
CI
GENERAL ISSUES
The first set of questions deals with matters which are regularly discussed on radio
and television, and in newspapers. We would be very interested to know your
personal opinion on these issues.
CI 1
Changes in society are everyone’s concern. The government could play an important
or a minor role in this. Please indicate what you think about the government’s
responsibility regarding the following issues.
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Completely
responsible
2.
Quite
responsible
3.
4.
Responsible Slightly
responsible
5.
Not
responsible
a. Looking after the elderly
b. Availability of adequate housing
for everyone
c. Facilitating the labour force
participation of women
d. Providing opportunities for
women to combine a job outside
the home with raising children
e. Providing opportunities for men
to combine a job outside the
home with raising children
f. Taking care of young people
looking for a job
g. Providing adequate health care
for all
CI 2
According to your opinion, in the recent years the Government has paid less, more or
the same attention than they did before to the following issues?
1.
Less
2.
Equal
3.
More
a. Poor families
b. Families with small
children
c. Problems of working
mothers
21
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Child care facilities
Care for the aged
Health care
Employment
The environment
Education
CI 3
How many inhabitants, do you think, are currently living in your country?
million
CI 4
How many migrants, do you think, came last year in your country?
CI 5
What, do you think, is the proportion of people aged 65 years and over in your
country?
%
CI 6
Do you expect that twenty years from now the population of your country will be
larger, almost the same or smaller than it is now?
1. Larger
2. Almost the same
3. Smaller
CI 7
Would you prefer the population of your country to increase, to remain more or less
the same or to decrease in the future?
1. To increase
2. To remain the same
3. To decrease
CI 8
The proportion of young people (below the age of 20) will drop sharply in the future.
At the moment, ... in every 100 inhabitants are young people; in fifty years time this
will be .… . How do you rate this development?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
22
5. Very bad
CL LIFE STYLES
In recent years, many changes in family life have been observed. During the past few
years, attitudes towards these changes have altered drastically. Mark the answer which
best reflects your own view on the matter.
CL 1
There have been many changes in the way people are living together. How do you
rate the following trends?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
2.
Excellent Good
3.
Neither
good,
nor bad
4.
Bad
5.
Very bad
a. The increasing number of couples who live
together without being married
b. The increasing number of couples who
decide to remain childless
c. The declining number of marriages
d. The declining number of births
e. The increasing number of children who
spend part of their youth in a one-parent
family
f. The increasing number of children being an
only child
g. The increasing number of persons who live
alone
h. The increasing number of births among
unmarried couples
i. The increasing number of divorces
CL 2
An increasing number of young people marry at an ever later age or not at all.
According to your opinion how important are the following causes in the
postponement or renouncement of marriages?
(Put one cross in each line)
23
1.
Very
important
4.
2.
3.
UnImportant Neither
important
important
nor
unimportant
5.
Very
unimportant
a. Because of difficulties in finding
a job for young people
b. Because of difficulties in finding
housing accomodation
c. Because of the diminishing value
of the marriage
d. Because of the increasing desire
for independence and autonomy
among young people
e. Because of refusal to accept
responsibilities
f. Because unmarried cohabitation
has become more acceptable
g. Because of insufficient income
for getting married
h. Because of the later births of the
first child
i. Because living with the parents is
so comfortable
j. Because of intimate relationships
outside marriage (optional)
CL 3
Which of the following living arrangements do you personally prefer?
(Only one answer please)
1. Living alone
2. Living apart together
3. Unmarried cohabitation, followed later by marriage
4. Unmarried cohabitation, no intention of marrying
5. Legitimate marriage
6. Flat-sharing with more than one friend
7. Other, namely:
CL 3a
Do you prefer these living arrangements (unmarried cohabitation, legitimate
marriage) with or without children?
1. With children
2. Without children
24
CL 4
Do you tend to agree or disagree with the following statements?
(Put one cross in each line)
1. Agree
2. Don’t agree
a. Marriage is an outdated institution
b. If a woman wants to have a child as a single parent, and
she doesn’t want to have a stable relationship with a
man she should be able to
c. It would be a good thing if in the future more emphasis
was placed on family life
d. A child needs a home with both a father and a mother
to grow up happily
e. Married people are generally happier than unmarried
people
f. People who want children ought to get married
g. One parent can bring up a child as well as two parents
together
h. It's all right for a couple to live together without
intending to get married
i. It's better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all
j. Marriage is the only acceptable way of living together
for a man and a woman
CL 5
Children have different possible meanings for their parents.
Please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
2.
Strongly Agree
agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
Disagree
5.
Strongly
disagree
a. I believe that in our modern world
the only place where you can feel
completely happy and at ease is at
home with your children
b. I always enjoy having children
near me
c. I believe you can be perfectly
satisfied with life once you have
been a good mother or father
d. I like having children because they
really need you
e. I believe it's your duty towards
society to have children
f . I do not believe you can be really
happy if you do not have children
25
g. I believe that the closest
relationship you can have with
anyone is with your own child
CF
FACILITIES
WOMEN OLDER THAN 50 =>GO TO CF 3
CF 1
Do you intend to have a(nother) child in the future?
1. No
3. Yes, namely ___ (number)
(GO ON TO CF 3)
2. Don’t know, uncertain
4. I am/My partner is pregnant;
then I intend to have ___ more children
(GO ON TO CF 3)
CF 2
There are different reasons for not wanting a(nother) child. To what extent are the
following reasons important to you personally for (definitely or probably) not wanting
a(nother) child?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Very
important
4.
2.
3.
Important Neither im- Unportant nor important
unimportant
5.
Very
unimportant
a. I already have all the children
I want
b. My state of health does not
allow it
c. I live alone and I don’t have a
steady partner
d. My job and professional
activities would not allow it
e. I would have to give up
leisure-time interests
f. I want to maintain my present
standard of living
g. A(nother) child would cost
too much
h. I am too concerned about the
future my children will have
i. I would not be able to enjoy
life as I have so far
j. I am/ my partner is too old
k. My partner does not want
a(nother) child
26
CF 3
Do you have the same number of children like your friends, relatives or neighbours?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
True
2.
Not true
a
I have the same number of children as in the family of origin of my
partner
b I have the same number of children as in my family of origin
c Most of our friends have the same number of children
d Most of our neighbours have the same number of children
e Most of our acquaintances with the same living standard have the
same number of children
f Those with a higher living standard than ours have the same
number of children
CF 4
What do you think of the following measures to facilitate having, looking after, and
raising children? Are you strongly in favour, in favour, neither in favour nor against,
against, or strongly against their implementation?
(Put one cross in each line)
Note: The measures described below are not just made up. Most of them have
actually been implemented in some European countries. Some of these measures have
already been implemented or considered by the government in our country.
1.
2.
Strongly In
in favour favour
3.
4.
Neither Against
in
favour,
nor
against
5.
Strongly
against
a. Improved parental leave
arrangements for working women
who are having a baby
b. Lower income tax for people with
dependent children
c. Better day-care facilities for children
younger than age three
d. Better day-care facilities for children
between age three up to school age
e. An allowance for families with
children dependent on the family
income
f. An allowance at the birth of each
child
g. An allowance for mothers or fathers
who do not take a job because they
want to take care of the children
27
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
while they are young
A substantial rise in child allowance
by 7% of the monthly GNP
Child-care facilities for school-going
children before and after school and
during school holidays
Flexible working hours for working
parents with young children
More and better opportunities for
parents with young children to work
part-time
A substantial decrease in the costs of
education
Better housing for families with
children
CF 5
Which of those measures would you most like to see implemented by the
government? (SHOW CARD)
(Name no more than three)
a. I would prefer:
1.
2.
3.
b. I would not like any of these measures to be implemented
CF 6
If those measures which you consider desirable were introduced, would this have
consequences for your own personal life? Please indicate whether you agree or
disagree with the following statements:
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Agree
2.
Disagree
3.
Not
applicable
a. It would make it easier for me to have the number of
children I intend to have
b. It would enable me to have my next child sooner
c. I would reconsider the possibility of having a(nother)
child
d. I would probably decide to have a(nother) child
CF 7
Which child allowance system according to family income would you prefer? (SHOW
CARD)
(Only one answer please)
1. Child allowance dependent on family income (lower income, higher child allowances)
28
2. Child allowance for low-income families only
3. Child allowance independent of family income
CF 8
And which child allowance system according to the age of children would you prefer?
(SHOW CARD)
(Only one answer please)
1. The older the child, the higher the allowance
2. The younger the child, the higher the allowance
3. Child allowance independent of the age of the child
CF 9
And, finally which child allowance system according to the number of children would
you prefer? (SHOW CARD)
(Only one answer please)
1. Child allowance for the first two children only
2. Child allowance only from the third child onwards
3. Child allowance for each child
4. Increasing child allowance with an increasing number of children
CF 10
Do you, or does your partner, receive child allowance for one or more children at the
present time?
1. Yes
2. No (GO ON TO CF 12)
CF 11
What do you think of the amount of child allowance to which you are entitled? Do
you think it is too high, too low, or reasonable?
(Only one answer please)
1. Too low
3. Reasonable
2. Too high
CF 12
Have you or your partner ever had parental leave?
Yourself
1. Yes
2. No
3. We intend to
4. Not applicable because no opportunity
Your partner
1. Yes
2. No
3. We intend to
4. Not applicable because no opportunity
9. I don’t know
29
CF 13
What do you think of the present parental leave? [Specify the current national
situation]
Do you think it is too long, too short or is it enough?
(Only one answer please)
1. I think it is too long
3. I think it is enough
2. I think it is too short
CF 14
Question for women: What did you do immediately after your (last)
maternity/parental leave?
(Only one answer please) SHOW CARD
Question for men: What did you do immediately after your partner’s (last)
maternity/parental leave?
(Only one answer please) SHOW CARD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stopped working completely
Stopped working temporarily, but continued working later
Started working less hours than before
Coninued working the same number of hours or more
Does not apply to my situation
CF 15 Optional
(alternatives to be adapted for the specific country)
If you had to choose, which of the following types of parental leave would you prefer
most?
(Only one answer please)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Full-time leave for three months
Half-time leave for six months
A more or less flexible leave-of absence for 90 days spread over a period of four years
I am not in favour of any of these measures
CQ
TO CONCLUDE: A FEW GENERAL QUESTIONS
To conclude, we would like to ask you a few personal questions. The answers will be
used solely for statistical purposes.
CQ 1
When were you born?
1. Year ………………
2. Month…………………
CQ 2
What is your sex?
1. Male
2. Female
30
CQ 3
What is your current marital status?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I’ve never been married
I’ve been married since ____ (fill in year of current marriage)
I’ve been married, but separated since ____ (fill in year of separation)
I’m widowed since____ (fill in year of death of the partner)
I’m divorced since____ (fill in year of divorce)
CQ 4
Which situation applies to you?
1. I have a spouse/partner with whom I have been living since ……
2. I have a spouse/partner, but we do not live in the same household (Living Apart Together)
3. I don’t have a partner
CQ 5
What is your nationality?
(country specific precodes)
My nationality is …………………………………………………….
IF PERSON HAS A PARTNER:
And what is the nationality of your partner?
The nationality of my partner is...........................................................
CQ 6
Which persons are living with you in one household?
1.
Yes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
2.
No
No others, I live alone
My partner
My own children
Other children
One or both of my parents
One or both of my parents in law
Brother(s) or sister(s) of mine
Brother(s) or sister(s) of my partner
Other members of my own family or my partner's
Others, no family
CQ 7
How many persons are there in total in your household?
_____ persons
CQ 8
Optional
How many children are there in total in your household?
_____ child(ren)
31
CQ 9
Do you have children of your own? (Step-children or adopted children to be included;
do not include deceased children or foster-children)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Yes, I have … children,
of whom … still live at home (enter number)
Year of birth, oldest child: ____
Year of birth, youngest child: ____
No, I don’t have any children
CQ 10
Are you affiliated with a particular church, or are you an adherent of a religious
movement?
1. Yes
2. No
CQ 11
What role does religion play in your life?
1. A very important role
3. Not an important role
2. An important role
4. No role at all
CQ 12
What is the major source of income for your household?
(Only one answer please)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Income from employment
Income from capital
State financed old-age pension
Private pension, life-annuity
Social welfare
Unemployment benefit
7. General Disability benefit
8. Other social security benefits
9. Educational grant
10. Maintained by parents/foster parents
11. Alimony
12. Other, namely ………………………
(FILL IN)
CQ 13
(adapt to the specific country)
Here is a scale of incomes per month and we would like to know in what group your
family is, counting all wages, salaries, pensions and any other money that comes in.
1
2
3
4
5
CQ 14
Are you (self-)employed?
(Military service, holiday jobs, etc. are not counted as employment.)
1. Yes, I have a full-time job
(GO ON TO CQ 18)
2. Yes, I have a part-time job of more than (GO ON TO CQ 18)
10 hours a week
3. Yes, I have a part-time job of less than (GO ON TO CQ 18)
32
10 hours a week
4. No, I don’t have a job
(GO TO NEXT QUESTION)
CQ 15
Have you worked in the past?
1. Yes, but I stopped working in ……
2. No, I never had a job
(GO TO NEXT QUESTION)
(GO ON TO CQ 17)
CQ 16
Why did you stop?
1. Because of marriage
2. I/My partner/ became pregnant, gave
birth
3. Household duties became too taxing
4. It became too difficult because of the
children
5. It was no longer financially necessary
6. My partner did not want me to work anymore
7. I became unemployed
8. I was declared medically unfit
9. I retired (incl. early retirement)
10. Other, namely: ……………………
CQ 17
Please indicate which of the following applies to you?
1. I do the housework, I prefer that to working outside the home
2. I do the housework, I’m not sure yet if I will start working outside the home
3. I do the housework. If the opportunity arises, I’ll start working outside the home
4. I would like to work, but I have not bee able to find a suitable job
5. I study/ I go to school / I’m a trainee and only my expenses are paid
6. I am retired, receive an old-age pension, I live of investments, I retired early
7. Other, namely …………………………………………………………………(FILL IN)
CQ 18
Is your partner (self)employed?
(Military service, holiday jobs, etc. are not counted as employment.)
1. Does not apply, because I have no partner
2. Yes, he/she has a full-time job
3. Yes, he/she has a part-time job of more than 10 hours a week
4. Yes, he/she has a part-time job of less than 10 hours a week
5. No, he/she did work in the past, but he/she stopped working in …..
6. No, he/she never had a job
CQ 19 Optional
Would you say you live in a rural area or village, a small or middle sized town or a
large town?
(Only one answer please)
I live in a:
1. Rural area or small village
33
2. Small town
3. Middle sized town
4. Large town
CQ 20 Optional
On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, satisfied, not very satisfied or not
all satisfied with your present situation in the following respects?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Very
Fairly
Satisfied Not very
satisfied satisfied
satisfied
5.
Not at all
satisfied
a. The house, flat or apartment where you
live
b. The part of the town or village you live in
c. Your standard of living, the things you
have, and so on
d. The total household income
e. Your present work – in your job or at
home
f. The amount of time you have for doing
things you want to do
CQ 21
What is the highest level/stage of education that you and your partner have attained?
(Only one answer in each column please)
1.
You
2.
Your partner
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Incomplete primary education
Primary education
Lower secondary education
Upper secondary education
Post-secondary non tertiary
education
f. First stage of tertiary education
g. Second stage of tertiary education
Please adapt to country situation.
(Please find the International Standard Classification of Education in the file ISCED
Classification1.doc)
34
The Modules
G GENDER ROLES
G1
Now there are some questions to find out your opinion about several aspects of the
changing roles of men and women today. Please state your personal point of view:
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Strongly
agree
2.
Agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
5.
Disagree Strongly
disagree
1.
Strongly
agree
2.
Agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
5.
Disagree Strongly
disagree
a. A working mother can establish
just as warm and secure a
relationship with her children as a
mother who does not work
b. A pre-school child is likely to
suffer if his or her mother works
c. All in all, family life suffers when
the woman has a full-time job
d. A job is all right, but what most
women really want is a home and
children
e. Being a housewife is just as
fulfilling as working for pay
f. Having a job is the best way for a
woman to be an independent
person
g. Most women have to work these
days to support their families
h. In their job women are less
ambitious than men
G2
And, do you agree or disagree?
(Put one cross in each line)
a. Both man and woman should
contribute to the household
income
b. A man's job is to earn money; a
woman's job is to look after the
home and family
c. It is not good if the man stays at
35
home and cares for the children
and the woman goes out to work
d. Family life often suffers because
men concentrate too much on
their work
e. For a man the job should be more
important than the family
f. Working women are highly
respected
G 3 Optional
Do you agree that men should be involved in housework?
1.
Agree
2.
Do not
agree
a. Yes, in any case
b. Yes, if the woman works
c. Yes, if the man is unemployed or if he has a less demanding job
than the woman
d. No, it is not a man’s task
e. No, men are not able to do housework
G 4 Optional
Do you tend to agree or disagree with the following statements?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Strongly
agree
2.
Agree
3.
4.
Neither
Disagree
agree nor
disagree
5.
Strongly
disagree
a. Children make a marriage happy
b. There are times when children
are not very rewarding
c. Women who do not want at least
one child are selfish
G5
How do you and your spouse/partner organise the income?
(Only one answer please)
1. I manage all the money and give my partner his or
her share
2. My partner manages all the money and gives me my
share
3. We pool all the money and both take out what we
need
4. We pool some of the money and keep the rest
separate
36
5. We each keep our own money separate
6. Not married or living as married
G 6 Optional
What do you think about the following statements? Do you agree or disagree?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Strongly
agree
2.
Agree
3.
4.
Neither
Disagree
agree nor
disagree
5.
Strongly
disagree
a. A women should not sacrifice
her professional career for her
children
b. It is very important that a family
has at least the evening meal
together
c. No one can take care of a child
as well as the mother
d. Professionals like nannies and
staff of day care centres can very
well take care of young children
e. A father and a mother are very
well suited to take care of
children
f. Apart from the parents other
relatives can also very well take
care of young children
G 7 Optional
Who carries out the household work usually? (For those who live together with a
partner)
(Only one answer please)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Usually I do
Mostly my partner
Generally in equal shares
Mostly the other members of the household
Mostly persons who do not belong to the household
IF NO CHILDREN: GO TO G 9
G 8 Optional
How do you share the duties concerning childcare? Please tell me for each of the
following activity by whom it is usually carried out (for those who live together with
children <15 years).
(Please answer each question)
1 = mainly by me
2 = mainly by my partner
3 = mainly by a grandparent
37
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
mainly by another member of the household
mainly by another person
by me and my partner
by me and somebody else
the situation does not apply to me
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Preparing the meals for the child/ren
Dressing the child/ren
Doctor’s visit with the child/ren
Arranging administrative affairs for the child/ren
Organising a childcare service in case of emergency
Choice of daycare facilities/school
Playing with children or to undertake something with the child/ren
Assisting children to do their homework
G 9 Optional
From your point of view do you agree or disagree with the following statements:
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Yes
2.
No
3.
Does not apply
to my situation
a. The share of household duties with my partner is
satisfying.
b. The share of childcare is often a point of
controversy with my partner.
c. The participation of my partner concerning
childcare is sufficient.
G 10 Optional
According to your opinion, who should take the following decisions regarding the
household and daily living: The woman, the man or both partners together?
1.
Woman
2.
Man
3.
Together
a. Shopping concerning the house (furniture, carpets,
electronics , etc.)
b. Personal shopping (clothes, etc.)
c. Food and meals
d. Savings
e. Car
f. Holidays
G 11 Optional
Do you think that the government should take (further) measures to support equal
rights for men and women by:
1.
Strongly
agree
2.
Agree
3.
4.
Neither agree Disagree
nor disagree
5.
Strongly
disagree
38
a. Promoting better job
opportunities for women
b. Promoting equal pay for
equal work for women and
men
c. Promoting female
participation in politics
d. Promoting female participation in technical
occupations
e. Promoting female
participation in top
management
f. Encouraging father’s
participation in child care
g. Encouraging an equal
division of household chores
between partners
G 12 Optional
Now there are some questions dealing with your concepts of life:
(Please answer each question)
1.
Yes
2.
No
a. Do/Did you have a concrete planning of life in the age of 20 – 30
years?
b. Are you planning a career?
c. Does your job enable you to be economically independent?
V
VALUES IN LIFE
V1
I will mention a number of things which could be important or unimportant in a
person’s life.
How important is the following to you?
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Very
important
2.
Important
3.
4.
Neither
Unimportant
important
nor
unimportant
5.
Very
unimportant
a. Having enough time for
yourself and for your own
interests
b. Living with your partner in
39
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
harmony
Providing security to people
close to you
Being appreciated and
respected outside your family
Having enough time for your
friends
Having enough income/money
Having holidays at least once a
year
Living in a nice, spacious
house
Striving for self-fulfilment
Husband and wife both earning
their own income
Being satisfied in the job
V2
I have just asked you how important certain things in life are for you. Could you tell
me how many children someone could have and still facilitate the realisation of these
things? Please give me your personal opinion.
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Prefer no
children at
all
2.
Prefer
only one
child
3.
Prefer
only two
children
4.
Prefer three
or more
children
5.
Does not
matter how
many
a. Having enough time for yourself and
for your own interests
b. Living with your partner in harmony
c. Providing security to people close to
you
d. Being appreciated and respected
outside your family
e. Having enough time for your friends
f. Having enough income/money
g. Having holidays at least once a year
h. Living in a nice, spacious house
i. Striving for self-fulfilment
j. Husband and wife both earning their
own income
k. Being satisfied in the job
40
H
CARING
H1
Suppose there is an unexpected problem in your household. Is there a relative or a
friend - living in a different household - whom you could call on to spend some time
helping out?
1. No _____ GO TO H 2
2. Yes ______
H1 a If yes,
who is he/she?
(Only one answer please)
1. My spouse/partner
2. My daughter
3. My son
4. A female friend
5. A male friend
6. A female relative
7. A male relative
8. A female neighbour
9. A male neighbour
10. Other (specify)
H2
It could happen that, once you become older, you need a little health care assistance or
help in daily living (shopping, cooking, an escort, administrative questions, etc.). Who
do you expect helping you?
(Only one answer please)
1. My spouse/partner
2. My daughter
3. My son
4. A female friend
5. A male friend
6. A female relative
7. A male relative
8. A female neighbour
9. A male neighbour
10. Other (specify)
11. Nobody
41
H3
For many women and for a growing number of men the combination of raising
children and having a job plays an important role in their life. What would be your
ideal choice and which choice would you make for your partner?
(Only one answer in each column please)
1.
For my own preference I
would choose
2.
For my partner I would
choose
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
A full-time job and no children
A full-time job and one child
A full-time job and two children
A full-time job and more children
A part-time job and no children
A part-time job and one child
A part-time job and two children
A part-time job and more children
No job as long as the children are
young
j. No job at all when there are
children
H 4 Optional
Suppose you have an economic problem, and that you need more money than you
have available or can borrow from an institution. Would you ask either a relative or a
friend for it?
1) No _____GO TO H 5
2) Yes _____
H 4a Optional
If yes,
who is he/she?
(Only one answer please)
1. My spouse/partner
2. My daughter
3. My son
4. A female friend
5. A male friend
6. A female relative
7. A male relative
8. A female neighbour
9. A male neighbour
10.
Other (specify)
42
H 5 Optional
Suppose you have a health problem. Would you ask either a relative or a friend for
care?
1. No
_____ GO TO A 1
2. Yes
______
H 5a Optional
If yes,
who is he/she?
(Only one answer please)
1. My spouse/partner
2. My daughter
3. My son
4. A female friend
5. A male friend
6. A female relative
7. A male relative
8. A female neighbour
9. A male neighbour
10. Other (specify)
A
AGEING
A1
The number and proportion of people aged 65 years and over is expected to rise
sharply in the future. At the moment … in every 100 inhabitants in this country are
elderly; in fifty years time this will be … . How do you rate this ‘aging process’ ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
A2
There are widely varying views on the elderly in our society. Would you please
indicate your own opinion on the following statements:
(Put one cross in each line)
43
Opinions
1.
Strongly
agree
2. Agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
Disagree
5.
Strongly
disagree
a. Thanks to their great experience they are
still socially useful
b. They guarantee maintenance of
traditional values in the society
c. The subsequent generations could profit
from their presence, knowledge and
experience
d. Society should take into consideration the
rights of the elderly
e. Society should take into consideration the
problems of the elderly
f. The elderly are no longer productive and
take away economic resources from the
society
g. Elderly are an obstacle to change
h. The elderly are a burden for society
i. Elderly are an important resource for
emotional support
A3
There are widely varying views on the care of the elderly in our society. Would you
please indicate your own opinion on the following statements:
(Put one cross in each line)
Opinions
1.
Strongly
agree
2.
Agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
Disagree
a. The society should primarily take care of
the elderly creating proper institutions and
services
b. Children should take care of the elderly
c. It is a duty of the relatives to take care of
the elderly
d. I would like my aged parents to live with
me
e. If one of them was in need, I would ask my
aged parents to live with me
f. If you have small children, you should not
also have to care for your aged parents
g. Old people should live in old people’s
homes only when there is nobody of the
family who can take care of them
h. Old people should live in an old people’s
home
44
5.
Strongly
disagree
i. It is not the task of the children to care for
their aged parents
A4
It could happen that an elderly person continuously needs a little help in daily living.
Do you think these items are best entrusted to:
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Strongly
agree
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
2.
Agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
Disagree
Spouse /partner
Children
Other relatives
Friends or neighbours
A public organisation
Voluntary and solidarity organisations
Church organisations
Persons and private organisations that
receive payment (with expenses as tax
deductible)
A5
Suppose that you have aged and that you are no longer able to manage alone at home.
How would you prefer living? (Only one answer please)
1.
2.
3.
4.
At home, but with professional help (home nursing)
At home, but with regular help of my children and family
At home, but with regular professional help and help from my children
In a different type of house (smaller for example) that better meets the needs of an
elderly person
5. In the house where I live now, but with one of my children or a relative who
comes to live with me
6. I would like to live in the house of one of my children
7. I would like to share a house with a relative or a friend
8. In the room of a boarding house
9. In a home for the elderly
10. Other ……………………………………………… (specify)
A6
Many people are worried that the government will not be able to finance the General
Old-Age Pension Scheme by the time they retire. There are several ways in which the
government could ensure that it will be possible to finance old-age benefits in the
future. If you had to choose, which of the following ways would you most prefer?
(Name no more that two)
45
5.
Strongly
disagree
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To raise the retirement age
To raise the monthly taxes or social premiums on the income
To lower the monthly benefit payment to pensioners
To force the children to support their aged parents financially
To abolish early retirement programmes
To make old-age benefits dependent on the number of children: the more children one has,
the higher the benefit
I would prefer:
1..........
2..........
A7
When do you expect to retire?
When reaching age .........
A8
If you could decide, when would you like to retire:
At age .........
A9
There is a list of possible policy measures that the State might introduce. Could you
choose two of the following measures, which are the most important for you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
To make it possible for the elderly to work after retirement
To invest money to overcome architecture barriers of the mobility of the elderly
To increase the number of places where the elderly can socialise
To develop health services
To develop home care services
To increase the number of institutions for the elderly
To introduce such regulations which allow family members to take (temporary) care for old
persons (e.g. care leaves similarly to parental leaves)
I would prefer:
1..........
2..........
A 10
Optional
Do you have relatives/friends aged more than 65 years?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Yes, both relatives and friends
Yes, only relatives
Yes, only friends
No, neither relatives, nor friends
⇒ GO TO A 14
46
A 11
Optional
How often do you visit them?
(Put one cross in each column)
1.
Parents
2.
Relatives
3.
Friends
1.
Parents
2.
Relatives
3.
Friends
1.
Parents
2.
Relatives
3.
Friends
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Every day
Several times a week (but not every day)
Once a week
Up to once a month
Only a few times each year (at special
occasions)
f. Never
g. We live together
If all answers are ‘g’ => GO TO A 13
A 12
Optional
Are the visits:
(Put one cross in each column)
a. An obligation
b. A pleasure
c. Both sometimes an obligation, sometimes a
pleasure
d. Difficult to say
A 13
Optional
Do you help them in every day life?
(Put one cross in each column)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Yes, often
Yes, rather seldom
Yes, but only on their request
No, they do not need my help
No, I am too busy
A 14
Optional
It could happen that an elderly person continuously needs little health care assistance.
Do you think these items are best entrusted to:
(Put one cross in each line)
47
1.
Strongly
agree
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
2.
Agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
5.
Disagree Strongly
disagree
Spouse /partner
Children
Other relatives
Friends or neighbours
A public organisation
Voluntary and solidarity organisations
Church organisations
Persons and private organisations that
receive payment (with expenses as tax
deductible)
A 15
Optional
There are many factors to perceive somebody as an old person. Which factors are the
most relevant for you?
(Range the 3 most relevant factors)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Age
Physical health conditions
Loss of autonomy and dependency on support from others
Mental weakness
Retirement
Difficulties to follow changes
Troubles in solving problems
The birth of the grandchild
9. Other (which?).......................................
A 16 Optional
Today, more and more people reach the age of 60 to 65 in relatively good health and
therefore, they might not be happy with the standard retirement procedure as it now
stands (abruptly, totally, compulsory). Do you think that the policy concerning the
transition from work to retirement should be:
(Only one answer please)
1. When reaching a certain age one must be forced to stop working altogether
2. When reaching a certain age one must be forced to retire but with a possibility to
combine retirement and work
3. Flexible in a way in which one gradually diminishes work in a certain number of
years (for example from 60 to 65 or 70 years of age) as long as one is in good
health
A 17 Optional
Societies are confronted with less work problems. What would be a preferable scheme
of work for retired persons who want to work:
48
(Only one answer please)
1. It is their choice to work either on a full-time or a part-time scale
2. They should be only employed on a part-time scale
3. They should be only employed on occasional and temporary basis
A 18 Optional
In a case of a scheme of gradually diminishing work in a certain number of years how
should the work be organised during this period?
(Only one answer please)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Continue the same work on a full-time scale
Continue the same work an a part-time scale
Do a different work on a full-time scale
Do a different work on a part-time scale
Earn something while doing different occasional and temporary work
Take part in coaching
Supervision of young starting professionals (on a paid basis)
Do social work free (as a volunteer working for the community)
A 19 Optional
Retirement is an important change in life.
If he/she is not retired, read: What of your working life do you think you will miss
most once retired?
If he/she is retired, read: What of your working life did you miss most after getting
retired?
(Two possible answers ranged according to their importance)
1.
First answer
2.
Second answer
a. Being busy with duties
b. Money difference between my wage/salary and my
pension
c. Feeling of being useful
d. Contacts with co-workers
e. Contacts with customers and bussiness partners
B
CHILDCARE
B1
Please indicate for the following statements to what extent you agree or disagree.
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Completely
agree
2.
Partly
agree
3.
Neither
agree nor
disagree
4.
Partly
disagree
5.
Completely
disagree
a. It is good for a child’s development if
he/she is partly taken care of by other
members of the family/friends already
at an early age
49
b. Children which are in a daycare centre
most of the week will have a bigger
chance to experience problems in their
later life
c. The best childcare is by their own
parents
B2
Optional
Did you ever made use of childcare arrangements? If yes, which one:
(Multiple answers are possible)
1. Daycare centre
2. Company crèche
3. Kindergarten
4. Paid childcare at home
5. Guest family/parent/caretaker (at a guest home)
6. Exchange of caretaking duties with other parents
7. Unpaid childcare by family, friends, neighbours, etc.
8. Partner
9. Grandmother/s
10. Grandfather/s
B3
Optional
Are there sufficient childcare facilities available in your neighbourhood?
(Only one answer please)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Yes, there is ample choice (no waiting lists)
Yes, but you have to wait some time before your child can be placed
No, there are only a few and those are overburdened
No, there are hardly any
I don't know
B 4 Optional
The life with children causes special consequences: From your point of view do you
agree or disagree with the following statements (regardless of the fact of having
children or not):
(Put one cross in each line)
1.
Completely
agree
2.
Partly
agree
3.
Neither
agree, nor
disagree
4.
Partly
disagree
5.
Completely
disagree
a. Parents are often embarrassed
when their child is crying in shops,
offices and so on
b. Parents will have problems with
their neighbours when their
children are noisy
c. It is difficult to use means of public
transport with small children
d. Little attention is given to children
in road traffic
e. There are not enough playgrounds
for children in the neighbourhood
50
51
Avramov, D., R. Cliquet (2007), Manual of the International Population Policy Acceptance Study (IPPAS). In: C. Höhn, D. Avramov, I.
Kotowska (eds.), People, Population Change and Policy. Lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European Studies of Population.
Dordrecht: Springer.
APPENDIX 2:
Overview of IPPAS variables per country
52
Contents
1. General variables
2. Questionnaire variables
2.1. Core Questionnaire
2.2. Module Gender roles
2.3. Module Values in Life
2.4. Module Caring
2.5. Module Ageing
2.6. Module Childcare
3. Country specific variables
4. Recoded variables
Legend:
+ = variable is available
- = variable is not available
D = available variable with slightly different wording or coding, adaptable to IPPAS database
53
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Label
Variable
Czech R.
Name
variable
Belgium-Fl
1. General variables
COUNTRY
Country
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
COUNTRYE
Country (EUROSTAT nomenclature)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RESPNR
Number of respondent
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
YEINT
Year of the interview
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MOINT
Month of the interview
+ + +
Internal weight
NPOPSIZE
Internal weight for recoded variable rcctry (distinguishing Eastern and Western
Germany)
National population size (corresponding to age composition of survey) per country
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TOTPOPSI
Total population size (corresponding to age composition of surveys) for all countries
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NSURSIZE
Size of the national survey
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TOTSURSI
Total size of the surveys of all countries
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
PWEIGHT
Pooled data weight
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IWEIGHT
IWEIGHTG
-
-
+ + + +
-
+ + +
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
+ +
-
+
-
+ + + + +
-
-
-
+ + + + +
-
-
54
2. Questionnaire variables
Finland
Slovenia
Poland
Romania
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
CI1A
Government’s responsibility: Looking after the elderly
D + D -
-
+ + + +
-
+ + + +
CI1B
Government’s responsibility: Availability of adequate housing for everyone
-
+ D -
- D + + 0
-
+ + + +
CI1C
Government’s responsibility: Facilitating female labour force participation
-
+ D -
-
+ + + +
-
+ + + +
CI1D
+ + D -
-
+ + + +
-
+ + + +
+ + D -
-
+ + + +
-
+ + + +
CI1F
Government’s responsibility: Facilitating the opportunities for women to combine a job
with raising children
Government’s responsibility: Facilitating the opportunities for men to combine a job
with raising children
Government’s responsibility: Taking care of young people looking for a job
+ + D -
-
+ + + D -
+ + + +
CI1G
Government’s responsibility: Providing adequate health care for all
+ + D - - + + + + - + + + +
CI2A
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for poor families
- + + - - - + + - + + + + +
CI2B
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for families with small children
- + + - - - + + + +
CI2C
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for problems of working mothers
- + + - - - + + + + + + + +
CI2D
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for child care facilities
- + + - - - + + + + + + + +
CI2E
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for care for the aged
- + + - - - + + + + + + + +
CI2F
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for health care
- + + - - - + + + + + + + +
CI1E
Estonia
Italy
Germany
Label
Variable
Czech R.
Name
variable
Belgium-Fl
2.1. Core Questionnaire
+ + + +
55
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CI2G
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for employment
- + + - - - + + + + + + + -
CI2H
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for the environment
- + + - - - + + + + + + + -
CI2I
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for education
- + + - - - + + + + + + + -
CI3
How many inhabitants are living in your country?
-
CI4
How many migrants came to your country last year?
- + + - - - + + + - + + + -
CI5
What is the proportion of people aged 65 years?
-
CI6
What do you expect in twenty years about the size of the population?
+ +
-
-
CI7
Would you prefer the population to increase or decrease?
+ +
-
CI8
Opinion on declining proportion of young people in 50 years
+ D +
+
-
+ D
CL1A
Opinion on the increasing number of couples who live together unmarried
+ + + + D + + + + + +
-
+ +
CL1B
Opinion on the increasing number of couples who decide to remain childless
+ + + + D + + + + + +
-
+ +
CL1C
Opinion on the declining number of marriages
+ + + + D -
-
+ +
CL1D
Opinion on the declining number of births
+ + + + D + + + + + + - + +
CL1E
Opinion on the increasing number of children in a one-parent family
+ + + + D + + + + + + - + +
CL1F
Opinion on the increasing number of children being an only child
-
+ + + D + + + + + +
-
+ +
CL1G
Opinion on the increasing number of persons who live alone
+ + + + D + + + + + +
-
+ +
CL1H
Opinion on the increasing number of births among unmarried couples
+ + + + D + + + + + +
-
+ +
+ +
- D + + + +
+ + +
+ + +
-
+ + + +
-
+ + +
-
- D + + +
-
+ + +
-
+ + + + + +
-
+ + + +
-
-
-
+
-
+ + D -
+ + + + +
56
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CL1I
Opinion on the increasing number of divorces
+ + + + D + + + + + + - + +
CL2A
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of difficulties in
finding a job
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of difficulties in
finding housing accommodation
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of diminishing value of
the marriage
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of increasing desire for
independence and autonomy
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of refusal to accept
responsibilities
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because unmarried cohabitation
has become more acceptable
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of insufficient income
for getting married
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of later birth of the
first child
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because living with the parents
is so comfortable
Marriage postponement/renouncement of young people because of intimate
relationships outside marriage
Which living arrangement do you personally prefer?
D + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL2B
CL2C
CL2D
CL2E
CL2F
CL2G
CL2H
CL2I
CL2J
CL3
D
+ + + + + + + + + + - + +
D + + + + + + + + + + - + +
- + + + - + + + + + + - + +
- + + + + + + + + + + - + +
D + + + - + + + + + + - + +
D + + + - + + + + + + - + +
D + + + - + + + + + + - + +
D + + + - + + + + + + - - +
- + + + - + + - - - + - - - + + + + + + + + - + - + +
CL3A
Do you prefer living arrangement with or without children?
- + + - + - + - + - + - - +
CL4A
Marriage is an outdated institution
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL4B
A woman should be able to have a child as a single parent, if she desires so
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
57
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CL4C
In the future more emphasis should be placed on family life
- + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL4D
A child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily
+ + + + - + + + + + + - + +
CL4E
Married people are generally happier than unmarried
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL4F
People who want children ought to get married
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL4G
One parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together
D + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL4H
It is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married
+ + + + - + + + + + + - + +
CL4I
It is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL4J
Marriage is the only acceptable way of living together for a man and a woman
- + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL5A
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL5B
The only place where you can feel completely happy and at ease is at home with your
children
I always enjoy having children near me
CL5C
You can be perfectly satisfied with life if you have been a good parent
+ + + + + + + + + - + - + +
CL5D
I like having children because they really need you
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL5E
It is your duty towards society to have children
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CL5F
You can not be really happy without having children
+ + + + - + + + + - + - + +
CL5G
The closest relationship you can have with anyone is with your own child
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
Do you intend to have a(nother) child in the future?
+ + + + + D + + + + + - + +
Additional number of children intended
+ + + + + + + + + + + - + +
CF1
CF1A
+ + + + - + + + + + + - + +
58
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CF2A
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I already have all the children I want
+ + + + D + + + + + + + + +
CF2B
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: My state of health does not allow to have a(nother)
child
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I live alone and I don’t have a steady partner
D + + + D + + + + + + + + +
D + + + D + + + + + + + + +
CF2E
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: My job and professional activities would not allow
it
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I would have to give up leisure-time interests
CF2F
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I want to maintain my present standard of living
_ + + + D + + + + + + + + +
CF2G
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: A(nother) child would cost too much
+ + + + D + + + + + + + + +
CF2H
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I am too concerned about the future of my children
+ + + + D + + + + + + + + +
CF2I
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I would not be able to enjoy life as I have so far
+ + + - D + + + + + + + + +
CF2J
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I am/ my partner is too old
+ + + + D + + + + + + + - +
CF2K
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: My partner does not want a(nother) child
+ + + + D + + + + + + + - +
CF3A
I have the same number of children as in the family of origin of my partner
_ + - + - - + - + + + - - -
CF3B
I have the same number of children as in my family of origin
_ + - + - - + - + + + - - -
CF3C
Most of our friends have the same number of children as we
_ + - + - - + - + + + - - -
CF3D
Most of our neighbours have the same number of children as we
_ + - + - - + - + + + - - -
CF3E
Most of our acquaintances have the same number of children as we
_ + - + - - + - + + + - - -
CF3F
Those with a higher living standard than ours have the same number as we
_ + - + - - + - + - + - - -
CF2C
CF2D
+ + + + D + + + + + + + + +
_ + + + D + + + + + + + + +
59
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CF4A
Measures in favour of improved parental leave arrangements for working women
_ + + + - - + + D + + + + +
CF4B
Measures in favour of lower income tax for people with dependent children
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CF4C
Measures in favour of better day-care facilities for children < 3
D + + + + + + + D + + + + +
CF4D
Measures in favour of better day-care facilities for children > 3
D + + + - + + + - + + + + +
CF4E
Measures in favour of an income-dependent allowance for families with children
_ + + + - + + + + + + + + +
CF4F
Measures in favour of an allowance at the birth of each child
_ + + + - + + + + + + + + +
CF4G
+ + + + - + D + + + + + + +
CF4H
Measures in favour of an allowance for parents who do not take a job because they
want to take care of their young children
Measures in favour of a substantial rise in child allowance
CF4I
Measures in favour of child-care facilities for school-going children
+ + + + - + + + + + + + + +
CF4J
Measures in favour of flexible working hours for working parents with young children
+ + + + - + + + + + + + + +
CF4K
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CF4L
Measures in favour of more and better opportunities for parents with young children to
work part-time
Measures in favour of a substantial decrease in the costs of education
CF4M
Measures in favour of better housing for families with children
_ + + _ + + + + + + + + + +
CF5A
First measure to be implemented by the government
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CF5B
Second measure to be implemented by the government
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CF5C
Third measure to be implemented by the government
_ + + + + + + + + - + + + +
CF6A
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: it would be easier for me to have +
the number of children I want
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + D
- + + + + - + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
60
What do you think of the amount of child allowance
- + + - - + - D + + + + + -
CF12A
Have you ever had parental leave?
- + + - + - - - + + + + D D
CF12B
Did your partner ever have parental leave?
- + + - + - - - + + + + - D
CF13
What do you think of the present parental leave?
- + + - - + - - + - + + + +
CF14
What did you do after your (partner’s) last maternity/parental leave?
- + + - + - D - + - + + + D
CF15
Which type of parental leave would you prefer most?
- - - - - - - - D - - + + -
CQ1Y
Year of birth of respondent
+ + + + + - + + + + + + + +
CQ1M
Month of birth of respondent
- + + + - - + + + + + - + +
CQ2
Sex of respondent
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CQ3
Current marital status of respondent
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Finland
CF11
Slovenia
+ + + - + - - + + + + + + -
Romania
Do you or your partner receive child allowance at the present time?
Poland
CF10
Austria
D + + + + + + + + -
Netherlands
Preferred child allowance system by number of children
Hungary
CF9
Lithuania
+ + + + + + + + + - + + + +
Cyprus
Preferred child allowance system by age of children
CF6D
Italy
CF8
CF6C
Estonia
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CF7
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: it would enable me to have my
next child sooner
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: I would reconsider the
possibility of having a(nother) child
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: I would probably decide to have
a(nother) child
Preferred child allowance system by family income
Germany
CF6B
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + - + + + +
+ + + +
61
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy+
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CQ3A
Year of current marriage
+ + + + + - + + + + - + + +
CQ3B
Year of marital separation
+ + + + - - + + + + - - + +
CQ3C
Year of widowhood
+ + + + - - + + + + - - + +
CQ3D
Year of divorce
+ + + + - - + + + + - - + +
Living arrangement
+ + + + + - + + + + +
CQ4A
Year of start living together
+ + + + + - + + + + + + + +
CQ5A
Nationality of respondent
_ + - + - - + + + + + - + -
CQ5B
Nationality of partner
_ + - + - - + + + + + + + -
CQ6A
Household composition: I live alone
+ + + + - - + + + + - + + +
CQ6B
Household composition: partner
+ + + + - - + + + + - + + +
CQ6C
Household composition: own children
+ + + + - - + + + + - + + +
CQ6D
Household composition: other children
+ + + + - - + + + + - + + +
CQ6E
Household composition: one or both of my parents
+ + + D - - + + + + - + + D
CQ6F
Household composition: one or both of my parents-in-law
+ + + D - - + + + + - - + D
CQ6G
Household composition: my brother(s) or sister(s)
+ + + +
-
-
+ + + +
-
-
+ D
CQ6H
Household composition: brother(s) or sister(s) of my partner
+ + + +
-
-
+ + + +
-
-
+ D
CQ6I
Household composition: other family members
+ + + +
-
-
+ + + +
-
-
+ +
CQ6J
Household composition: others
+ + + +
-
-
+ + D +
-
-
+ +
CQ4
+ +
62
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
CQ7
Household size
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CQ8
Number of children in household
D + + + + + + + +
CQ9A
Number of own, step- and adopted children
D + + + +
-
+ + + + +
CQ9B
Number of own, step- and adopted children still living at home
D + + + +
-
+ + + + + + + +
CQ9C
Year of birth oldest child
+ + + + +
-
+ + + + + + + +
CQ9D
Year of birth youngest child
+ + + + +
-
+ + + + + + + +
CQ10
Affiliation to a church or religious movement
+ + + +
- D + + + +
-
+
CQ11
What role does religion play in your life?
D + + + +
-
+ + + + +
-
+ +
CQ12
Major source of household income
D + + + +
-
+ + +
CQ13
Income group
+ D D +
CQ14
(Self-)employment status of respondent
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + D +
CQ15
Former employment of respondent
-
+ + + +
-
+ + +
-
+ + + *
Year stop working
_ + + + +
-
+ + +
-
+
-
+ +
CQ16
Reason stop working
_ + + + +
-
+ + +
-
+
-
+ D
CQ17
Reasons never worked
_ + +
-
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
CQ18
(Self)employment of partner
+ + + + +
-
+ + +
-
+ + + D
CQ18A
Year partner stopped working
_ + + + +
-
+ + +
-
+
Type of place of residence
D + + +
-
+
CQ15A
CQ19
-
-
-
-
+ + + +
-
+ +
-
+ + + D
- D + D + D + + D D
-
-
- D -
-
-
+ +
+ + + +
63
Italy
Cyprus
Lithuania
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
Satisfaction about dwelling
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
CQ20B
Satisfaction about neighbourhood
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
CQ20C
Satisfaction about standard of living
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
CQ20D
Satisfaction about the total household income?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
CQ20E
Satisfaction about present work
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
- -- +
-
CQ20F
Satisfaction about available time for doing things?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
- -
-
CQ21A
Highest level of education
D D + D D + D D D D + + + D
CQ21B
Highest level of education of partner
D D + D D + D D D D + +
Czech R.
CQ20A
Belgium-Fl
Estonia
Label
Variable
Germany
Name
variable
+
- D
64
2.2. Module Gender roles
Having a job is the best way for a woman to be independent
_ - + + - + + + + + + + - -
G1G
Most women have to work to support their families
_ - + + D + + + + + + + - -
G1H
In their job women are less ambitious than men
_ - + + - + + + + + + + + +
G2A
Both man and woman should contribute to household income
_ - + + D - + - - + + + - -
G2B
A man has to earn money; a woman looks after the home and family
_ - + + - - + + - + + + - -
G2C
_ - + + D - + + + + + D - -
G2D
It is not good if the man stays at home and cares for the children and the woman
goes out to work
Family life often suffers because men concentrate too much on their work
G2E
For a man the job should be more important than the family
_ - + + D - + + + + + + + -
G2F
Working women are highly respected
_ - + + D - + + + - + - + -
G3A
Male involvement in housework: Yes, in any case
_ - - - - - + - - - + - - -
Finland
G1F
Slovenia
_ - + + D + + + + + + + - -
Romania
Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay
Poland
G1E
Austria
_ - + + - + + + + + + + - -
Netherlands
What most women really want is a home and children
Hungary
G1D
Lithuania
_ - + + - + + + + - - + - -
Cyprus
Family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job
Italy
G1C
Estonia
_ - + + - + + + + + + + - -
G1B
Working mother can establish as warm and secure relationship with her children as a
non-working mother
A pre-school child is likely to suffer if mother works
Germany
G1A
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
_ - + + D + + + + + + + - -
_ - + + D - + + + + + + - -
65
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
G3B
Male involvement in housework: Yes, if the woman works
_ - - - - - + - - - + - - -
G3C
Male involvement in housework: Yes, if man is unemployed
_ - - - - - + - - - + - - -
G3D
Male involvement in housework: No, not a man’s task
_ - - - - - + - - - + - - -
G3E
Male involvement in housework: No, not able to do housework
_ - - - - - + - - - + - - -
G4A
Children make a marriage happy
_ - - - - + - + - - - - - -
G4B
There are times when children are not very rewarding
_ - - - - - - + - - - - - -
G4C
Women who do not want at least one child are selfish
_ - - - - - - + - - + - - -
How do you and your partner organise the income?
+ - - + - - + + + - + - - -
G6A
A woman should not sacrifice her career for her children
_ - - + - - + + - - + - - -
G6B
Important that a family has at least the evening meal together
_ - - + - - + + - - - - - -
G6C
No one can take care of a child as well as the mother
_ - - - - + + + - - - - - +
G6D
Professionals can very well take care of young children
_ - - + - + + + - - - - - -
G6E
Father and mother are very well suited to take care of children
_ - - _ - + + + - - - - - -
G6F
Relatives can also very well take care of young children
_ - - _ - + + + - - - - -
G7
Who carries out the household work usually?
_ - - + - - + + - + - + - -
G8A
Sharing duties for childcare: preparing the meals for the children
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G8B
Sharing duties for childcare: dressing the children
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G8C
Sharing duties for childcare: doctors visit with the children
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G5
-
66
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
G8D
Sharing duties for childcare: arranging administrative affairs for the children
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G8F
Sharing duties for childcare: choice of daycare facilities/school
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G8G
Sharing duties for childcare: playing with children
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G8H
Sharing duties for childcare: assisting children to do their homework
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
G9A
Sharing household duties with my partner is satisfying
_ - - - - - - - - - - - + -
G9B
Sharing childcare is often a point of controversy
_ - - - - - - - - - - - + -
G9C
Participation of partner in childcare is sufficient
_ - - - - - - - - - - - + -
G10A
Decisions regarding shopping concerning the house
_ - - + - - - - - + + + - -
G10B
Decisions regarding personal shopping
_ - - + - - - - - + + + - -
G10C
Decisions regarding food and meals
_ - - + - - - - - + + + - -
G10D
Decisions regarding savings
_ - - + - - - - - + + + - -
G10E
Decisions regarding car
_ - - + - - - - - + + + - -
G10F
Decisions regarding holidays
_ - - + - - - - - + + + - -
G11A
Governmental measures: promoting better job opportunities for women
_ - - + - + + - - + + + - -
G11B
Governmental measures: promoting equal pay for equal work for women and men
_ - - + - + + - - + + + - -
G11C
Governmental measures: promoting female participation in politics
_
-
-
+
-
+ +
-
-
+ + +
-
-
G11D
Governmental measures: promoting female participation in technical occupations
_
-
-
+
-
+ +
-
-
+ + +
-
-
G11E
Governmental measures: promoting female participation in top management
_
-
-
+
-
+ +
-
-
+ + +
-
-
67
Italy
Cyprus
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Slovenia
Finland
_
-
-
+
-
+ +
-
-
+ + +
-
-
G11G
Governmental measures: encouraging equal division of household tasks
_
-
-
+
-
+ +
-
-
+ + +
-
-
G12A
Concepts of life: did you have a concrete planning of life at age 20-30?
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G12B
Concepts of life: are you planning a career?
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G12C
Concepts of life: does your job enable you to be economically independent?
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Romania
Estonia
Governmental measures: encouraging father’s participation in child care
Poland
Germany
G11F
Lithuania
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
68
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Label
Variable
Czech R.
Name
variable
Belgium-Fl
2.3. Module Values in Life
V1A
Values in life: having enough time for yourself and for your own interests
+ + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1B
Values in life: living with your partner in harmony
D + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1C
Values in life: providing security to people close to you
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1D
Values in life: being appreciated and respected outside your family
+ + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1E
Values in life: having enough time for your friends
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1F
Values in life: having enough income/money
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1G
Values in life: having holidays at least once a year
- + + + - + + + - - + - + -
V1H
Values in life: living in a nice, spacious house
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1I
Values in life: striving for self-fulfilment
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1J
Values in life: husband and wife both earning their own income
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V1K
Values in life: being satisfied in the job
- + + + - + + + - - + - + +
V2A
_ + D + + + + + - - + - + -
V2B
Preferred number of children: having enough time for yourself and for your own
interests
Preferred number of children: Living with your partner in harmony
V2C
Preferred number of children: providing security to people close to you
_ + - + - + + + - - + - + -
V2D
Preferred number of children: being appreciated and respected outside your family
_ + D + - + + + - - + - + -
V2E
Preferred number of children: having enough time for your friends
_ + D + + + + + - - + - + -
_ + D + + + + + - - + - + -
69
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
V2F
Preferred number of children: having enough income/money
_ + D + + + + + - - + - + -
V2G
Preferred number of children: having holidays at least once a year
_ + D + - + + + - - + - + -
V2H
Preferred number of children: living in a nice, spacious house
_ + D + + + + + - - + - + -
V2I
Preferred number of children: striving for self-fulfilment
_ + D + + + + +
-
-
+
-
+
-
V2J
Preferred number of children: husband and wife both earning their own income
_ + D + + + + +
-
-
+
-
+
-
V2K
Preferred number of children: being satisfied in the job
_ +
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
+ + +
70
2.4. Module Caring
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
If you would have a health problem, whom would you ask for care?
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
H5A
Finland
If you would have a health problem, would you ask a relative or friend for care?
H5
Slovenia
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
Romania
In case you would need money, whom would you ask?
H4A
Poland
_ - - - - - - - - - + + + -
Austria
In case you would need money, would you ask a friend or relative?
H4
Netherlands
D - D + + - + - D - + + + -
Hungary
Respondent’s ideal choice for the partner’s combination of raising children and a job
Lithuania
H3B
H2
Cyprus
_ - + - - - + - - - + + - -
H3A
In case of an unexpected problem, who could be called upon to spend some time
helping out?
From whom do you expect help with health care or daily care once you become
older?
Respondent’s ideal choice for combining raising children and a job
H1A
Italy
_ - + - - - + - - - + + + -
Estonia
In case of an unexpected problem, is there someone to spend some time helping out?
Germany
H1
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
_ - + - - - + - - - + + + D - D + + - + - D - + + + -
71
2.5. Module Ageing
Poland
+ + +
-
A2A
With their great experience, the aged are still socially useful
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2B
The aged guarantee maintenance of traditional values in society
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2C
_ + + D -
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2D
Subsequent generations could profit from the presence, knowledge and experience
of the aged
Society should consider the rights of the elderly
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2E
Society should consider the problems of the elderly
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2F
Elderly are no longer productive and take away resources from society
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A2G
Elderly are an obstacle to change
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2H
Elderly are a burden for society
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A2I
Elderly are an important resource for emotional support
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
-
A3A
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A3B
Society should primarily take care of the elderly by creating proper institutions and
services
Children should take care of the elderly
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A3C
It is a duty of the relatives to take care of the elderly
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A3D
I would like my aged parents to live with me
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
+ + + + + +
A3E
If one of them was in need, I would ask my aged parents to live with me
+ + + +
-
-
+
-
+ + + + + +
Finland
Austria
-
Slovenia
Netherlands
-
Romania
Hungary
-
Italy
+
Estonia
-
Germany
+ + + + +
Czech R.
Opinion on rising number of people aged 65 and over
A1
Belgium-Fl
Lithuania
Label
Variable
Cyprus
Name
variable
72
A3G
+ + + +
-
-
+
-
+ + + + + +
A3H
Old people should live in old people’s homes only when there is no family who can
take care of them
Old people should live in an old people’s home
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A3I
It is not the task of the children to care for their aged parents
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
+
-
A4A
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to spouse/partner
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4B
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to children
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4C
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to other relatives
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4D
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to friends or neighbours
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4E
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to a public organisation
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4F
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to voluntary or solidarity organisations
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4G
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to church organisations
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
A4H
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to paid persons and private organisations
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + + +
Preferred living arrangement as an old person in need of help
_ + D +
-
-
+
-
-
+ + + +
A6A
First preference about Government’s way to ensure old-age benefits in the future?
+ + + +
-
-
+
-
- D + + + +
A6B
Second preference about Government’s way to ensure old-age benefits in the future?
+ + + +
-
-
+
-
+ D + + + +
A7
Expected age of retirement
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
+ + + + + +
A8
Preferred age of retirement
_ + + +
-
-
+
-
+ + + + + +
First preference about possible policy measures regarding the aged
+ + + +
-
-
+
-
-
A5
A9A
-
Finland
+ + + + + +
Slovenia
-
Romania
Netherlands
+
Poland
Hungary
-
Austria
Lithuania
-
Estonia
D + + +
Germany
With small children, you should not also have to care for your aged parents
Czech R.
A3F
Belgium-Fl
Cyprus
Label
Variable
Italy
Name
variable
+ + + +
+ + +
-
-
73
Austria
Poland
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A10
Do you have relatives/friends aged more than 65 years?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A11A
How often do you visit parents?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+ +
-
-
+ + +
-
A11B
How often do you visit elderly relatives?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A11C
How often do you visit elderly friends?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+ -
-
-
+ + +
-
A12A
Opinion on visits to parents
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A12B
Opinion on visits to elderly relatives
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A12C
Opinion on visits to elderly friends
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A13A
Do you help your parents in every day life?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A13B
Do you help your elderly relatives in every day life?
_ +
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A13C
Do you help your elderly friends in every day life?
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A14A
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to spouse/partner
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A14B
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to children
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A14C
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to other relatives
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A14D
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to friends or neighbours
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A14E
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to a public organisation
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
A14F
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to voluntary and solidarity
organisations
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to church organisations
_ +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
A14G
+
+
+
Finland
Netherlands
+
Slovenia
Hungary
-
Romania
Lithuania
-
Estonia
+ + + +
Germany
Second preference about possible policy measures regarding the aged
Czech R.
A9B
Belgium-Fl
Cyprus
Label
Variable
Italy
Name
variable
74
Czech R.
Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Lithuania
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
_
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
A15A
Elderly Health care assistance is best entrusted to paid persons and private
organisations
The most relevant factor to perceive somebody as old
_
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
A15B
The second most relevant factor to perceive somebody as old
_
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
A15C
The third most relevant factor to perceive somebody as old
_
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
A16
Opinion on the policy concerning the transition from work to retirement
_
-
+
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
A17
Preferable scheme of work for retired person wanting to work
_
+
+
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
A18
Opinion on the organisation of work in a scheme of gradually diminishing work
_
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
A19A
What of your working life do/will you miss most as retired person?
_
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
-
A19B
What of your working life do/will you miss second most as retired person?
_
+
-
_
-
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
-
A14H
75
2.6. Module Childcare
Did you ever made use of paid childcare at home?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + + -
B2E
Did you ever made use of guest caretaker at a guest home?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + + -
B2F
Did you ever made use of exchange of caretaking duties?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + + -
B2G
Did you ever made use of unpaid childcare?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + + -
B2H
Did you ever made use of your partner as childcarer?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + + -
B2I
Did you ever made use of grandmother as childcarer?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + D -
B2J
Did you ever made use of grandfather as childcarer?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + - -
B3
Are there sufficient childcare facilities available?
_ + - - - - + - + + + + + -
Finland
B2D
Slovenia
_ + - - - - + - + + + + - -
Romania
Did you ever made use of kindergarten?
Poland
B2C
Austria
_ + - - - - + - + + + + - -
Netherlands
Did you ever made use of company crèche?
Hungary
B2B
Lithuania
_ + - - - - + - + + + + D -
Cyprus
Did you ever made use of daycare centre?
Italy
B2A
B1B
Estonia
_ + - + - - + - + + + + + -
B1C
It is good for a child’s development to be taken care of by family members/friends at
an early age
Children kept in daycare centre most of the week have a bigger chance of problems
later in life
The best childcare is by their own parents
Germany
B1A
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
_ + - + - D + - + + + + + _ + - + - + + - + + + + + -
76
Czech R.
Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Lithuania
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
B4A
Parents are often embarrassed when their child is crying in public
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
B4B
Parents will have problems with their neighbours when their children are noisy
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ +
-
B4C
It is difficult to use public transport with small children
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
B4D
Little attention is given to children in road traffic
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
B4E
There are not enough playgrounds for children in the neighbourhood
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ + +
-
77
Bv_24a
Opinion on childless married couples deciding to divorce
+
Bv_24b
Opinion on childless non-married cohabiting couples deciding to divorce
+
Bv_24c
Opinion on married couples with young children deciding to divorce
+
Bv_24d
Opinion on non-married cohabiting couples with young children deciding to divorce
+
Bv_24e
Opinion on married couples deciding to divorce after 20 years or more of marriage
+
Bv_24f
Opinion on non-married couples deciding to separate after living together for 20 years
+
Bv_45
Opinion on role elderly people
+
Bv_45a
if there are insufficient jobs available, elderly people have as much claim to them as +
young people
if pension costs continue to rise, first and foremost solidarity should be shown by richer +
elderly people for the benefit of the less well-of elderly people
working over-65s take the bread out of young people’s mouths
+
Bv_45c
Bv_45d
Bv_45e
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
+
Belgium-Fl
Bv_45b
Germany
Label
Variable
Czech R.
Name
variable
Belgium-Fl
3. Country specific variables
if health care costs continue to increase, elderly people too should pay as much as the +
other age groups
their many years’ experience still enables over-65s to have a paid job
+
78
Bv_461
Measures to pay pensions
+
Bv_462
Measures to pay pensions
+
Bv_49
Opinions on contributions elderly people
+
Bv_49a
elderly people should be involved in helping their infirm peers much more than now
+
Bv_49b
a stronger appeal should be made to elderly people to participate in voluntary work
+
Bv_49c
too little use is being made of the skills and knowledge of elderly people
+
Bv_49d
in view of their vitality elderly people retire far too early at present
+
Bv_49e
it is too easy to say that elderly people can be employed in all sorts of activities
+
Bv_49f
elderly people should be involved in looking after children, whose parents are both +
working, much more than now
Opinions on policy options for elderly people
+
bv410
Bv_410a
reducing elderly people’s contribution towards cost of medical treatment
+
Bv_410b
making home help services for elderly people less expensive
+
Bv_410c
raising lowest pensions
+
Bv_410d
making home care and home nursing for elderly people less expensive
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
79
Bv_410e
Increasing grants for adaptations to elderly people’s dwellings
+
Role in decrease of number of children
+
Insufficient child care facilities
+
the increased costs of bringing up children
+
Bv_25c
men and women want greater room for self-development and independence
+
Bv_25d
uncertainty about the future
+
Bv_25e
the view that smaller families are better
+
Bv_25f
rising living costs
+
Bv_25g
economic crisis and unemployment
+
Bv_25h
the increased number of women in work
+
Bv_25i
the rising number of divorces
+
Bv_25j
the feeling that Belgium-Fl is overpopulated
+
Bv_25k
problems for women to combine work and children
+
Bv_25l
starting (too) late with having children
+
Bv_25m
the view that people want to live in greater luxury
+
bv25
Bv_25a
Bv_25b
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
80
Bv_43
bv48
Children are obliged to support their parents financially if they cannot afford to stay
in an old people’s home or in a rest home with nursing facilities.
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
+
+
Bv_48a
To eliminate the shortage of staff in the elderly people’s care, solutions ought to be
looked for
bringing in to Belgium-Fl personnel from non-western countries
Bv_48b
carers and nurses in rest homes and nursing homes should be far better paid
+
Bv_48c
Bv_421
a compensation at the level of the minimum wage should be paid to children caring full +
time for their infirm parents
people should have more children, so that there would eventually be enough young
+
people to care for infirm elderly
Views diverge on should pay for the care of the elderly: in the first place?
+
Bv_422
Views diverge on who should pay for the care of the elderly : in the second place?
Bv_48d
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
+
+
Additions to responsibility of Government CI1
Bv_15ab
Enabling women and men to have the number of children they want
+
Bv_15ae
+
Bv_15ah
making it easier for women to combine work with care for others (infirm parents,
disabled children…)
enabling more men and women to continue to work after the age of 50
Bv_15ai
Ensuring that there will continue to be sufficient funding for pensions
+
+
81
Bv_15aj
Bv_15b1
Bv_15b2
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
Making it easier for men to combine work with care for others (infirm parents, disabled +
children…)
Which of the above matters do you think the government should give first priority?
Which of the above matters do you think the government should give
priority?
second
+
+
Additions to opinions on trends CL1
Bv_21i
the growing number of women not having their first child until after the age of 30
+
Bv_21j
the increasing number of children who spend part of their youth in a reconstituted
family (following divorce, death, remarriage)
+
Bv_21k
the rising number of fathers starting a second family at an advanced age
+
Bv_21l
the fact that homosexual couples marry
+
Bv_21m
+
Bv_21n
the increasing number of children brought up under a co-parenthood arrangements
(alternating custody by the father and the mother)
the increasing number of children brought up under a co-parenthood arrangements
(alternating custody by the father and the mother)
Additions to reasons for postponement of marriage CL2
Bv_22i
increased vulnerability of relationships
+
Bv_22j
living together without being married is more advantageous than living as a married
couple from a fiscal point of view
+
+
82
Bv_22k
young people do not like to be tied down
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
+
Additions to CL4
Bv_23h
two women can bring up a child/children just as well as a father and a mother
+
Bv_23j
it must be possible for two men want to bring up together a child/children if they so
want
Additions to CL5
+
Bv_26d
I can be perfectly happy without children
+
Bv_26g
bringing up children is exacting
+
Additions to CF2
Bv_36e
my family situation is too difficult (bad relationship, reconstituted family)
+
Bv_36f
our house does not fit
+
Bv_36l
I would not find suitable child minding
+
Bv_36m
I have and/or my spouse/partner has fertility problems
+
Bv_36n
child upbringing is too demanding
+
Bv_36o
I feel still too young, I have still time
+
83
Bv_36q
earlier pregnancy problems have frightened me
+
Additions to CF4
+
Bv_37aa
extension of maternity leave (15 weeks at present
+
Bv_37ac
more childcare facilities for children aged 0-3
+
Bv_37ai
a better designed paternity leave system
+
Bv_37aj
Support for parents (e.g. advice in case of upbringing problems)
+
Bv__37al
Better arrangements for care of sick children
+
Bv_37am
+
Bv_37ao
More guarantees for mothers to start work again after they have brought up their
children
More homework opportunities (tele-working)
Bv_37ap
the years spent at home rearing children counting towards the calculation of pensions
+
Bv_37aq
tax reduction for single mothers
+
Bv_37ar
cheaper medical aid for women and men with fertility problems
+
Bv_37as
less expensive home help services
+
Bv_32
The ideal number of children in a family
+
Bv_33r
Currently desired number of children by respondent
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
Variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
variable
+
84
Bv_33p
Currently desired number of children by partner (according to respondent)
+
Bv_34
Desired number of children at age 25
+
Bv_39
The best age for a women to have her first child
+
Bv_310
The age a woman is considered too old to have a child
+
Bv_311
Personal preference on the role played by men and women in the family
+
Bv_315
Bv_316
Sufficiency of financial compensation (EUR 536 per month) in case of full career +
interruption
Opinion on percentage of age to be sufficient to take a three-month parental leave
+
Bv_58r
Present occupation of respondent
+
Bv_58p
Present occupation of spouse/partner
+
Bv_59r
Sector of current occupation of respondent
+
Bv_59p
Sector of current occupation of spouse/partner
+
Bv_5100
Welcoming a change in work situation during the next three years?
+
Bv_5101
Please give the two main reasons.
+
Bv_5102
Please give the two main reasons.
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
85
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Source of income in the household
Bv_5111
Earned income
+
Bv_5112
Capital income
+
Bv_5113
(Early) retirement
+
Bv_5114
Industrial injury benefit
+
Bv_5115
Unemployment benefit
+
Bv_5116
Minimum wage
+
Bv_5118
Alimony payments
+
Bv_5119
Scholarship
+
Bv_51110
Regular financial support by one or both parents
+
Bv_51111
Other source of income
+
Bv_5122
What is your total net household income per month?
+
Bv_5133
Is it difficult or easy for you to manage on your monthly family income?
+
Additions to V1
Bv_27c
Importance of having a paid job
+
86
Bv_27d
Importance of spending enough time with your children
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
Additions to A3
Bv_44e
Bv_44f
Bv_44g
it is better for elderly people to live in an old people’s home/rest home with nursing
+
facilities than being dependent for help on their own children
elderly people in need of care should first appeal to professional care (home nursing,
+
domestic help) and only then to their children
parents needing financial help should first turn to their children and only then to the +
government
Czech R.
cr_regio
Region
+
cr_cf1_3
Number of planned children in future
+
To have enough income
+
crcq9a2y
Year of birth of second child
+
crcq9a3y
Year of birth of third child
+
crcq9a4y
Year of birth of fourth child
+
cr_cq13
Household net income per month
+
Designová váha (weight)
+
cr_v16
cr_w1
87
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Germany
g_m6j
Possibility for foreigners to bring their children to Germany should be more restricted
+
g_m6k
It should be made easier for well)educated foreigners to work in Germany
+
g_m1a
First identified group of foreigners
+
g_m1b
Second identified group of foreigners
+
g_m1c
Third identified group of foreigners
+
g_cl1j
Opinion on the new possibility for same-sex couples
+
g_cl5h
It is also possible to be happy without children
+
g_cf6e
Consequences: I certainly don t want a(nother) child
+
g_cf6f
Consequences: I think that implementation of measures should be taken for granted
+
g_cq16_1
Stopped working: Because of marriage
+
g_cq16_2
Stopped working: Became pregnant, gave birth
+
g_cq16_3
Stopped working: Household duties too taxing
+
g_cq16_4
Stopped working: Too difficult because of children
+
88
g_cq16_6
Stopped working: My partner did not want me to work
+
g_cq16_7
Stopped working: Became unemployed
+
g_cq16_8
Stopped working: Was declared medically unfit
+
g_cq16_9
Stopped working: Retired/early retirement
+
g_cq16_a
Stopped working: Other
+
g_cq17_1
Reason never worked: Prefer housework to working outside
+
g_cq17_2
Reason never worked: Now housework, not sure will start working
+
g_cq17_3
Reason never worked: Now housework, want to start working outside
+
g_cq17_4
Reason never worked: Not been able to find a suitable job
+
g_cq17_5
Reason never worked: I study
+
g_cq17_6
Reason never worked: I am retired
+
g_cq17_7
Reason never worked: Other
+
g_cq18
(Self)employment of partner
+
g_cf2l
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: My partnership doesn’t work very well
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
89
g_cq1y
Modified year of birth of respondent
+
g_cq3a
Modified year of current marriage
+
g_cq4a
Modified year of start living together
+
g_v2a
Preferred number of children: having enough time for yourself
+
g_v2b
Preferred number of children: living with your partner in harmony
+
g_v2d
Preferred number of children: being appreciated and respected
+
g_v2e
Preferred number of children: having enough time for your friends
+
g_v2f
Preferred number of children: having enough income/money
+
g_v2g
Preferred number of children: having holidays at least once a year
+
g_v2h
Preferred number of children: living in a nice, spacious house
+
g_v2i
Preferred number of children: striving for self-fulfilment
+
g_v2j
Preferred number of children: husband and wife both earning
+
g_v2l
Preferred number of children: even spread of housework
+
g_v2m
Preferred number of children: love and attention to your child
+
g_v2n
Preferred number of children: having a career
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
90
g_v2o
Preferred number of children: time for housework and full-time job
+
g_v2p
Preferred number of children: a good education for your children
+
g_h1a_1
In case of an unexpected problem my spouse/partner could be called upon
+
g_h1a_2
In case of an unexpected problem my daughter could be called upon
+
g_h1a_3
In case of an unexpected problem my son could be called upon
+
g_h1a_4
In case of an unexpected problem a female friend could be called upon
+
g_h1a_5
In case of an unexpected problem a male friend could be called upon
+
g_h1a_6
In case of an unexpected problem a female relative could be called upon
+
g_h1a_7
In case of an unexpected problem a male relative could be called upon
+
g_h1a_8
In case of an unexpected problem a female neighbour could be called upon
+
g_h1a_9
In case of an unexpected problem a male neighbour could be called upon
+
g_h1a_a
In case of an unexpected problem others could be called upon
+
g_h2_1
Health care or daily care in old age: my spouse/partner
+
g_h2_2
Health care or daily care in old age: my daughter
+
g_h2_3
Health care or daily care in old age: my son
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
91
g_h2_4
Health care or daily care in old age: a female friend
+
g_h2_5
Health care or daily care in old age: a male friend
+
g_h2_6
Health care or daily care in old age: a female relative
+
g_h2_7
Health care or daily care in old age: a male relative
+
g_h2_8
Health care or daily care in old age: a female neighbour
+
g_h2_9
Health care or daily care in old age: a male neighbour
+
g_h2_10
Health care or daily care in old age: others
+
g_h2_11
Health care or daily care in old age: nobody
+
g_cq1y_p
Year of birth of partner
+
g_cq1m_p
Month of birth of partner
+
Modified year of birth of partner
+
g_s1a
Estimated life expectancy of women
+
g_s1b
Estimated life expectancy of men
+
g_s2
Expected personal life expectancy
+
g_s3
Desired personal life expectancy
+
g_cq1yp
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
92
g_cq5_a
Place/country of birth
+
g_cq5_b
Year of immigration (of foreign born people)
+
g_cq5_c
Country of growing up until the age of 16
+
Current occupation
+
g_region
West/East
+
g_wght1
Ratio West/East
+
g_wght2
Social weight
+
g_s4
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Estonia
e_a16
For how many years should government policies with respect to marriage and family be
planned?
+
e_a17
How do you rate government policies with respect to marriage and family over past ten
years?
+
e_b20
For how many years should government policies with respect to children be planned?
+
e_b21
How do you rate government policies with respect to children over past ten years?
+
e_c13
For how many years should government policies with respect to gender equality be
planned?
+
93
e_c14
e_c15
e_c16
For how many years should government policies with respect to reconciling work and
parenthood be planned?
How do you rate government policies with respect to gender equality over past ten
years?
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
+
+
How do you rate government policies with respect to reconciling work and motherhood
over past ten years?
How do you rate government policies with respect to reconciling work and fatherhood
over past ten years?
+
e_d19
For how many years should government policies with respect to pension scheme be
planned?
+
e_d20
How do you rate government policies with respect to pension scheme over past ten
years?
+
e_c17
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
e_e12
For how many years should government policies with respect to foreign origin population
be planned?
+
e_e13
How do you rate government policies with respect to foreign origin population over past
ten years?
+
Italy
i_cl5
Children make you feel necessary and important
+
i_cf2_1
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I don't feel ready
+
i_cf2_2
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I don't have my own home/fixed residence
+
94
i_cf2_3
Other reason (specify)
+
i_cf6e
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: I wouldn't like to have (more)
children
+
i_cf6f
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: No measure would make me
change my mind
+
i_cq9a
Number of own children
+
Part-time working partner: number of hours/week working
+
i_cq22
Professional position
+
i_cq22a
Do you work with a private firm or for the civil service?
+
i_cq23
Do you have children?
+
i_g13
Should men do half of the household chores?
+
i_v2l
Preferred number of children: career advancement
+
i_v3
Number of children in order to give them enough care
+
i_cq18.1
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Lithuania
l_ci4a1
In your opinion, how many inhabitants departed from Lithuania last year legally?
+
l_ci4a2
In your opinion, how many inhabitants departed from Lithuania last year illegally?
+
95
l_cf3a
How many children you (or did you) want to have?
+
l_cf9a
What is your evaluation of the length of maternity leave (56-70 days after giving birth)?
+
l_cf9b
Are you insured with state social insurance (SODRA)?
+
l_cf10a
Are you or your partner currently on a parental leave until child becomes one year of
age and receive an allowance?
+
l_cf10b1
Have you ever had parental leave until child becomes one year of age?
+
l_cf10b2
Have your partner ever had parental leave until child becomes one year of age?
+
l_cf10c
What do you think about duration of the parental leave until child becomes one year of
age?
+
l_cf10d
What do you think of the size of the allowance a parent is entitled to during the leave
until the child is one year of age?
+
l_cf11a
Are you or your partner currently on a parental leave to look after child aged from one
to three and receive an allowance?
+
l_cf11b1
Have you ever been on child care leave to look after child aged from one to three?
+
l_cf11b2
Have your partner ever been on child care leave to look after child aged from one to
three?
+
l_cf11c
What do you think about the length of child care leave to look after children aged from
one to three?
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
96
l_cf11d
What do you think about the size of allowance paid during the child care leave to look
after children aged from one to three?
+
l_cf11e
What do you think of the size of allowance paid to families which look after children
without parental care?
+
l_cf11f
What do you think of the size of allowance paid to families with children under three
years of age where the mother is not insured with state insurance (SODRA)?
+
l_cf14a
What did you do immediately after your (your partner's) (latest) maternity leave (56- or
70 days after childbirth)?
+
l_cf14b
What did you do immediately after your (your partner's) (latest) child care leave until
the child is one year of age?
+
l_cf14c
+
l_a4i
What did you do immediately after your (your partner's) (latest) child care leave to
look after child aged from one to three?
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to government/municipalities
l_a6d
Are you retired already?
+
l_b2k1
In your opinion, what childcare arrangements should be made for pre-school age
children before age 3?
In your opinion, what childcare arrangements should be made for pre-school age
children after age 3?
What is your ethnicity?
+
l_b2k2
l_cq5c
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
+
+
97
l_cq5d
What is the ethnicity of your spouse/partner?
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
Hungary
h_23
Monthly net income (after tax) of the household (HUF)
+
h_23a
Monthly net income categories (EURO)
+
h_52a
Satisfaction with household chores sharing
+
h_52b
Satisfaction with managing money
+
h_52c
Satisfaction with sexual relationship
+
h_52d
Satisfaction with relationship to close relatives
+
h_52e
Satisfaction with caring and love receiving from partner
+
h_53a
How often do you speak to partner?
+
h_53b
How often do you go out, recreate with your partner?
+
h_53c
How often do you perform any kind of work with your partner?
+
h_53d
How often have you a major quarrel with your partner?
+
h_55
What do you usually do after a major disagreement?
+
h_56
Have you ever thought that your relationship may be ended?
+
98
h_57
Chance of the relationship being everlasting
+
h_58
What would you do if you had another chance?
+
h_69
Do you live apart from your parents?
+
h_78a
It is the obligation of parents to support their child
+
h_78b
I am in need of my parent's support
+
h_78c
I am afraid I abuse my parents
+
h_78d
My parents would support me anyway
+
h_78e
I do no need my parents support
+
h_78f
I take it for granted what my parents do for me
+
h_78g
I hope I will not have been in need of my parents' support for
+
h_78h
My parents are glad to be able to support me
+
h_78i
It often occurs to me why do my parents support me
+
h_78j
I appreciate my parents' support
+
h_78k
Without the support of my parents I would have had difficulties to survive
+
h_78l
My grandparents gave much support to my parents, so they also support me
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
99
h_78m
When my parents grow old I will support them
+
h_78n
I will give support to my children too
+
h_78o
My parents wanted to give me more support but they were not able to
+
h_70
What time does it take to get to your parents' place?
+
h_71
How often do you visit your parents?
+
h_72
How often do you call them or write letters?
+
h_73
Do your parents give you financial support regularly?
+
h_73a
How much, on average, do you get per month? (HUF)
+
h_73b
How much did you get in 2000 roughly? (HUF)
+
h_74
The financial support you get from your parents is
+
h_75a
Parents' contribution to building or buying a house
+
h_75b
Parents' contribution to furnishing your room
+
h_75c
Parents' contribution to buying a car
+
h_76a
Do your parents help you with washing, ironing?
+
h_76b
Do your parents help you with cleaning up your room or house?
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
100
h_76c
Do your parents help you with cooking?
+
h_76d
Do parents invite you during the weekend?
+
h_76e
Do your parents help you with bathing your children?
+
h_76f
Do your parents help you with looking after your children?
+
h_76g
Do your parents help you with taking care of your child on holidays?
+
h_76h
Do your parents support you with helping in any other activity?
+
h_77a
Do parents help you by providing home-grown vegetables, fruit?
+
h_77b
Do parents help you by giving meat products of home-raised animals?
+
h_23euro
Monthly net income (after tax) of the household (EURO)
+
h_73aeur
Average amount of financial support from parents per month? (EURO)
+
h_73beur
Amount of financial support from parents in 2000? (EURO)
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Netherlands
NL_nohh
Household number Netherlands
+
nl_nomem
Household member number Netherlands
+
nl_selec
Selection of one person per household (codes 0 and 1)
+
101
nl_prov
Province (12 codes, 2 digits)
+
nl_regio
Regional division (4 codes, 1 digit)
+
nl_ses
Socio-economic status of the household (5 codes)
+
nl_ci1b
+
nl_cf1b
Government’s responsibility: That people can have the no. of children they want
(coding as in Ci1)
Pregnant or partner pregnant
nl_cf1x
Do you intend to have a(nother) child in the future?
+
nl_cq14
(Self-)employment status of respondent
+
nl_cq18b
Average number of hours worked per week by partner
+
nl_cq19
Type of place of residence
+
nl_a3a
+
nl_a3f
Society should primarily take care of the elderly by creating proper institutions and
services
Old people should live in old people’s homes only when there is no family who can
take care of them
With small children, you should not also have to care for your aged parents
nl_a3i
It is not the task of the children to care for their aged parents
+
nl_a3c
It is a duty of the relatives to take care of the elderly
+
nl_a3b
Children should take care of the elderly
+
nl_a3d
I would like my aged parents to live with me
+
nl_a3e
If one of them was in need, I would ask my aged parents to live with me
+
nl_a3g
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
+
+
102
nl_a3fb
It is not possible to care for your old parents too if you have small children
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
Austria
a_cq13
To which income group does your family belong?
+
a_j10
Highest level of completed education
+
a_j11
Highest level of completed education of partner
+
Poland
P_cq6cd
Household composition: children
+
P_coureg
Geographical area
+
P_ck2k
Marriage postponement/renouncement because of prolonged schooling
+
P_cf13a
72-months long parental leave for parents of disabled children
+
P_g4a
Having a child is the only way for a woman to be fulfilled
+
P_g4b
Women, like men, can be fulfilled without having children
+
P_g4d
After marriage, before they give birth to a child
+
P_g4e
when children are not yet enrolled in primary school
+
P_g4f
When children go to school
+
103
P_g4g
When children are already grown-up
+
P_g5a
Women have the same changes as men to pursue career
+
P_g5b
Family concerning children are sufficient to provide equal chances for women on the
labour market
Women are usually been paid less than men in equal positions on the labour market
+
+
P_g5e
Mothers who had parental leave face difficulties to regain their former professional
position
If there is shortage of jobs men are more entitled to take them
P_g2g
For a father a part-time job is the best way to reconcile family and work
+
P_g2h
In general, man is expected to have a job
+
P_g2i
For men the job should be more important than the family
+
P_g13a
preparing meals
+
P_g13b
cleaning
+
P_g13c
shopping
+
P_g13d
washing the dishes
+
P_g13e
laundry
+
P_g13f
arranging administrative affairs
+
P_g5c
P_g5d
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+
+
104
P_g13g
keeping the budget
+
P_g13h
make payments
+
P_b1d
Contact with other children in day-care centres is beneficial for the development of the
child
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Romania
R_g13a
Women have the same chances as men to pursue a career.
+
R_g13b
Family politics concerning children (provision of day-care facilities, child allowance
and so on) are sufficient to provide equal chances for women in their job.
Women are usually been paid less than men in equal positions on the labour market.
+
Mothers who had parental leave will face difficulties to reach their former professional
position.
Do you think man should have equal responsibilities in the household only in some
cases or at all
Have you ever used childcare facilities?
+
R_ci1h
’Governments responsibility: Taking care of the children with special needs
+
R_ci2j
Recent versus earlier governmental attention for children with special needs
+
R_d13a
Having children 0-4
+
R_d13b
Having children 5-10
+
R_g13c
R_g13d
R_g14
R_b5
+
+
+
105
R_d13c
Having children 11-15
+
R_d13d
Having children 16-18
+
R_d18
Ethnicity of respondent
+
R_d14
Type of dwelling
+
R_d16
Main shopper
+
R_d17
Household income in the last month in thousand ROL
+
R_d5
Education of respondent
+
R_d6
Year of last graduation of respondent
+
R_d9
Education of partner
+
R_d10
Year of last graduation of partner
+
R_d7
Occupation of respondent
+
Social status
+
Age as declared by respondent
+
R_strata3
R_d2
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Slovenia
s_reg
Slovenian regions
+
106
s_d2
Age
+
s_cq21a
Completed level of education
+
s_cq12
Major sources of income for a household
+
s_cq13a
Incomes per month for a household
+
s_cq14
(Self)employment - respondent
+
s_cq18
(Self)employment - partner
+
s_m1a
Which group do you think of when we speak of a foreigner in our country?
+
s_m1b
Which group do you think of when we speak of a foreigner in our country?
+
s_m1c
Which group do you think of when we speak of a foreigner in our country?
+
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Finland
F_area
Geographical area
+
F_muntyp
Type of municipality
+
F_utype
Type of union
+
F_ybchl
Year of birth of the youngest child of the respondent
+
F_cf12c
Use of maternity/paternity leave
+
107
F_cf12d
F_agechl
F_cq13b
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Use of maternity/paternity leave of partner
+
Age of the youngest child in the household
+
Annual total disposable income of the household in Euro
+
108
RCCTRY
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Label
variable
Czech R.
Name
Variable
Belgium-Fl
4. Recoded variables
Country (with East and West Germany)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCTRYE
Country (EUROSTAT nomenclature with East- and West-Germany)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCREGION
Region
-
RCCI3ACT
Actual national population size in 2000 (in millions)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCI3EST
PPAS estimated population size
- + + -
+ -
+ + + -
+ + + -
RCCI3DE1
Percentage difference between PPAS estimated population size and actual one
- + + -
+ -
+ + + -
+ + + -
RCCI3DE2
- + + -
+ -
+ + + -
+ + + -
RCCI5ACT
Percentage difference between PPAS estimated population size and actual one (3
categories)
Actual percentage of aged population (65+)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCI5EST
PPAS estimated percentage of aged population (65+)
- + + + -
RCCI5DE1
RCCI6ACT
Percentage difference between the PPAS estimated percentage of aged population and
the actual one
Percentage difference between the PPAS estimated percentage of aged population and the actual one (6 categories)
Percentage difference between the PPAS estimated percentage of aged population and the actual one (3 categories)
UN projected population size in 2020
+
RCCI6DE1
Percentage difference between the UN projection 2020 and population size 2000
RCCI5DE2
RCCI5DE3
+ + -
-
-
-
-
+ -
-
-
+ +
+ + + + -
+ + + -
+ + + -
+ + + + -
+ + + -
+ + + -
+ + + + -
+ + + -
+ + + -
+ + + + -
+ + + -
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
109
RCCI6DE2
RCCI6
RCCI6DE3
Percentage difference between the UN projection 2020 and population size 2000 (3
categories)
What do you expect in twenty years about the size of the population? (recoded)
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + -
RCCL4A
Comparison of UN projected difference and PPAS expected difference in population size + +
in 20 years (9 categories)
Comparison of UN projected difference and PPAS expected difference in population
+ +
size in 20 years (3 categories)
Marriage is an outdated institution (recoded)
+ +
RCCL4B
RCCI6DE4
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
-
-
+ + + + -
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + + -
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + + -
+ + + -
+ + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
A woman should be able to have a child as a single parent, if she desires so (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4C
In the future more emphasis should be placed on family life (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4D
A child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4E
Married people are generally happier than unmarried (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4F
People who want children ought to get married (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4G
One parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4H
It is all right for a couple to live together without intending to get married (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4I
It is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all (recoded)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCL4J
Marriage is the only acceptable way of living together for a man and a woman
(recoded)
Intention or possibility to have another child in the future
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCF1w
Intention or possibility of female respondents to have another child in the future
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF150
Intention of respondents below age 50 to have another child in the future
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF1
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
110
RCCF1PRE
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
Respondent or partner of respondent is pregnant
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Additional number of children expected (CF1 code 2→ RCCF1A code 0)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF1AX
Additional number of children expected (CF1 code 2 → RCCF1A code ‘don’t know’)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF1AY
Additional number of children expected (CF1 code 2 → RCCF1AY code missing)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF1AI
Minimum additional number of children expected
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF1AA
Maximum additional number of children expected
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF1AA2
Maximum additional number of children expected (regrouped)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCFQ
Current and additionally intended children (regrouped)
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
RCCF2A
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I already have all the children I want
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF2B
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: My state of health does not allow it
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF2C
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I live alone and I don’t have a steady partner
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF2D
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: My job and professional activities would not allow + + +
it
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I would have to give up leisure-time interests
- + +
RCCF1A
RCCF2E
RCCF2F
RCCF2G
RCCF2H
RCCF2I
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I want to maintain my present standard of
living
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: A(nother) child would cost too much
-
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I am too concerned about the future of my
+ +
children
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I would not be able to enjoy life as I have so far + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
111
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
RCCF2J
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: I am/ my partner is too old
+ + + + + + + + + + + + -
RCCF2K
Reason for not wanting a(nother) child: My partner does not want a(nother) child
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF4A
Measures in favour of improved parental leave arrangements for working women
+ + + + -
RCCF4B
Measures in favour of lower income tax for people with dependent children
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF4C
Measures in favour of better day-care facilities for children <3 years
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF4D
Measures in favour of better day-care facilities for children >3 years
-
+ + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
RCCF4E
Measures in favour of an income-dependent allowance for families with children
-
+ + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
RCCF4F
Measures in favour of an allowance at the birth of each child
-
+ + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
RCCF4G
+ + + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
RCCF4H
Measures in favour of an allowance for parents who do not take a job because they
want to take care of their young children
Measures in favour of a substantial rise in child allowance
RCCF4I
Measures in favour of child-care facilities for school-going children
+ + + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
RCCF4J
Measures in favour of flexible working hours for working parents with young children
+ + + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
RCCF4K
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCF4L
Measures in favour of more and better opportunities for parents with young children to
work part-time
Measures in favour of a substantial decrease in the costs of education
+ + + + -
RCCF4M
Measures in favour of better housing for families with children
-
RCCF6A
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: it would be easier for me to have + +
the number of children I want
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: it would enable me to have my
+ +
next child sooner
RCCF6B
+
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + -
+ + + + -
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
112
RCCF6C
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
RCCF12A
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: I would reconsider the possibility of + +
a(nother) child
Consequences of implementation of desired measures: I would probably decide to have + +
a(nother) child
Have you ever had parental leave?
- +
RCCF12B
Did your partner ever have parental leave?
-
RCCQ1Y
Age of respondent
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ1-13
Age group (13 categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ1-7
Age group (7 categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ1-4
Age group (4- categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ1-2
Age of respondent (Up to and above 50)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ3A1
Duration of current marriage (in years)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
+ + +
RCCQ3A2
Duration of current marriage (9 categories)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
+ + +
RCCQ3B1
Duration of separation (in years)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCQ3B2
Duration of separation (2 categories)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCQ3C1
Duration of widowhood (in years)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCQ3C2
Duration of widowhood (6 categories)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCQ3D1
Duration of divorce (in years)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCF6D
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ -
+ -
-
-
+ + + + + +
+ + -
+ -
-
-
+ + + + -
+
113
+ + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ341
Duration marriage/living together (in years)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCQ342
Duration marriage/living together (8 categories)
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + -
-
+ +
RCCQ4B
Living arrangement 3 (including married respondents)
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
RCCQ46
Living arrangement 4
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
RCCQ46c
Living arrangement 5
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
RCCQ5A
Nationality of respondent
-
+ -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ -
+ -
RCCQ5B
Nationality of partner
-
+ -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ -
+ -
RCCQ6
Household composition
+ + + + -
+ + + + + + + + +
Children in the household
+ + + + -
+ + + + + -
Household size (regrouped)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Number of adults in the household
+ + + + -
-
+ + + -
RCCQ81
Children in the household
+ + + + -
-
+ + + + + + + +
RCCQ82
Number of children in the household – regrouped
+ + + + -
-
+ + + -
RCCQ9A
Number of own, step- and adopted children – regrouped (5 categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
RCCQ4A1
Duration of living together (in years)
RCCQ4A2
RCCQ6CH
RCCQ7
RCCQ7AD
Finland
Duration of living together (9 categories)
+ + + + -
Poland
+ +
Duration of divorce (6 categories)
Austria
+ + + + + -
RCCQ3D2
Hungary
+ + + + + -
Italy
+ +
Estonia
-
Czech R.
Slovenia
-
Romania
Lithuania
Netherlands
Cyprus
Germany
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ +
114
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
RCCQ9A2
Number of own, step- and adopted children – regrouped (2 categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9A
Number of own, step- and adopted children – regrouped (6 categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9B
Number of own, step- and adopted children still living at home – regrouped
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ9TE
Total number of expected children
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE1
Total minimum number of expected children
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE2
Total maximum number of expected children
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE3
Total minimum number of expected children – regrouped
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE4
Total maximum number of expected children – regrouped
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE5
Total maximum number of expected children (4 categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE6
Total number of expected children (3+ categories)
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + -
+ +
RCCQ9TE7 Total minimum number of expected children (3+ categories)
RCCQ9YC
Age of the youngest child
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
Household income (in Euros)
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ + +
RCCQ13A
Household income (5 categories, on the basis of currency values)
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ + +
RCCQ13B
Household income group
+ + + + -
RCCQ13
RCCQ7AEQ Number of adults in the household equivalised
RCCQ9EQ
Number of own, adopted and stepchildren in the household equivalised
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
115
Finland
Slovenia
Romania
Poland
Austria
Netherlands
Hungary
Lithuania
Cyprus
Italy
Estonia
Germany
Czech R.
Label
variable
Belgium-Fl
Name
Variable
RCCQ7EQ
Equivalised household size
+ + + + + -
+ + + + + + + +
RCCQ13EQ
Equivalised household income
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ + +
RCCQ13E1
Equivalised household income (5 categories)
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ + +
RCCQ13E2
Equivalised household income (5 categories)
+ + + -
-
-
-
+ + + -
+ + +
+ -
-
+ -
RCCQ13z
Income group (on the basis of respondents' location on a 5-point scale, provided by
Partners))
+RCCQ15A1 Duration stop working (in years)
-
+ -
-
+ + + + -
RCCQ15A2
Duration stop working (5 categories)
-
RCCQ18A1
Duration stop working partner (in years)
RCCQ18A2
+
+ +
+ + + -
+ -
+ +
+ + + + -
+ + + -
+ -
+ +
-
+ + + -
-
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ +
Duration stop working partner (5 categories)
-
+ + + -
-
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ +
RCCQ21A
Educational level of respondent
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ21A2
Educational level of respondent (alternative classification)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RCCQ21B
Educational level of partner
+ + + + + + + + + + + + -
+
RCCQ21B2
Educational level of partner (alternative classification)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + -
+
RCH3A
Respondent’s ideal choice for combining raising children and a job (regrouped)
+ -
+ + + + + -
+ -
+ + + -
RCH3B
Respondent’s ideal choice for the partner’s combination of raising children and a job
+ -
+ + + + + -
+ -
+ + + -
Age group of expected retirement
-
+ + + -
-
+ -
+ + + + + +
Retirement (numeric)
-
+ + + -
-
+ -
+ + + + + +
Retirement
-
+ + + -
-
+ -
+ + + + + +
RCA7
RCRETIR
RCRETIR2
+ -
116
Avramov, D., R. Cliquet (2007), Manual of the International Population Policy Acceptance Study (IPPAS). In: C. Höhn, D. Avramov, I.
Kotowska (eds.), People, Population Change and Policy. Lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study. European Studies of
Population. Dordrecht: Springer.
APPENDIX 3:
International Population Policy Acceptance Survey Codebook
117
The IPPAS codebook includes five groups of variables:
1. General variables
2. Questionnaire variables
2.1. Core questionnaire
2.2. Module Gender roles
2.3. Module Values in Life
2.4. Module Caring
2.5. Module Ageing
2.6. Module Childcare
3. Country specific variables
4. Recoded variables
5. Composite variables
The country-specific variables are reproduced as they have been provided by the DIALOG Partners.
The names of the recoded variables begin with the letters RC (recoded), are followed by the name of the original variable, and, if necessary, by
another identification symbol.
The tables include five columns: name variable, label variable, value categories, label categories, and comments. The information of the four
first columns is reproduced in the SPSS database.
The column ‘Comments’ can include three groups of information:
• general information on the variable, if necessary;
• country-specific deviations, if any;
• references to recoded and composite variables, if appropriate.
118
All of the variables can include the following general codes:
• -6: refusal
• -7: don’t know/no opinion
• -8: non applicable
• -9: no information
In the column ‘Comments’, lists of countries are usually referred to by the following initials:
BE
CZ
DE
EE
IT
CY
LT
HU
NL
AT
PL
RO
SL
FI
Belgium (Flanders)
Czech Republic
Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Lithuania
Hungary
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
119
1. General variables
Name
variable
COUNTRY
Label
variable
Country
COUNTRYE
Country (EUROSTAT
nomenclature)
RESPNR
Number of respondent
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Label
Category
Austria
Belgium (Flanders)
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
The Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Cyprus
Belgium (Flanders)
Czech Republic
Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Lithuania
Hungary
The Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
Numeric
00001 to 99999
Comments
See also recoded variable RCCTRY
See also recoded variable RCCTRYE
120
Comments
Name
variable
YEINT
Label
variable
Year of the interview
Value
category
Numeric
2000-2003
Coded in four digits
MOINT
Month of the interview
Numeric
01-12
Coded in two digits.
Internal weight ( = design weight)
Numeric
IWEIGHT
IWEIGHTG
Internal weight variables
RCCTRY and RCCTRYE
numeric
NPOPSIZE
National population size in
thousand (corresponding to age
distribution of survey sample)
Numeric
TOTPOPSI
Total population size for all
countries together
Numeric
Label
Category
Not available for Austria, Estonia, Slovenia
Information provided by Partners.
This weight variable has to be applied whenever tables
are produced in combination with the variable
COUNTRY
This internal weight has to be applied when using the
recoded variables RCCTRY and RCCTRYE which
distinguish East- and West-Germany. The internal
weight values for these two regions = 1; the internal
weight values for the other countries are identical to
the values in variable IWEIGHT.
Information provided by Partners:
Austria
4954000
Belgium (Flanders)
3413120
Czech Republic
7722000
Estonia
1120047
Finland
3525754
Germany
46751212
Hungary
8228000
Italy
25238000
Lithuania
2482984
The Netherlands
12910000
Poland
24830000
Romania
17247000
Slovenia
1256000
Cyprus
252158
159930275
121
Name
variable
NSURSIZE
Label
variable
Size of national surveys
TOTSURSI
Total size of all surveys together
PWEIGHT
Pooled data weight
Value
category
Numeric
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
Information provided by Partners
Austria
1995
Belgium (Flanders) 3957
Czech Republic
1073
Estonia
1681
Finland
3821
Germany
4110
Hungary
3057
Italy
3500
Lithuania
1400
The Netherlands
1989
Poland
4497
Romania
1556
Slovenia
1550
Cyprus
1163
35377
Iweight x (npopsize/totpopsi)/(nsursize/totsursi).
This weight variable has to be used for pooled data of
all countries
122
2. Questionnaire variables
2.1. Core Questionnaire
Name
variable
CI1A
CI1B
CI1C
CI1D
CI1E
Label
variable
Government’s responsibility: Looking after
the elderly
Government’s responsibility: Availability of
adequate housing for everyone
Government’s responsibility: Facilitating
female labour force participation
Government’s responsibility: Facilitating the
opportunities for women to combine a job
with raising children
Government’s responsibility: Facilitating the
opportunities for men to combine a job with
raising children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Comments
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
Belgium = sufficient care facilities for elderly people.
Germany: no code 3.
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
Germany: no code 3
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
Germany: no code 3
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
Germany: no code 3
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
Germany: no code 3
123
Name
variable
CI1F
CI1G
Label
variable
Government’s responsibility: Taking care of
young people looking for a job
Government’s responsibility: Providing
adequate health care for all
CI2A
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for poor families
CI2B
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for families with small children
CI2C
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for problems of working mothers
CI2D
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for child care facilities
CI2E
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for care for the aged
CI2F
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for health care
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Comments
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Less
Equal
More
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Less
Equal
More
Less
Equal
More
Less
Equal
More
Less
Equal
More
Less
Equal
More
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, and Italy.
.
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Italy.
Germany: no code 3;
Netherlands: Taking care of sufficient jobs for
everyone
Germany: no code 3
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, and
Cyprus.
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, and Italy.
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, and Italy.
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, and
Cyprus.
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, and
Cyprus.
124
Name
variable
CI2G
Label
variable
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for employment
CI2H
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for the environment
CI2I
Recent versus earlier governmental attention
for education
CI3
How many inhabitants are living in your
country?
Value
category
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Numeric
Label
Category
Less
Equal
More
Less
Equal
More
Less
Equal
More
Comments
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, and
Cyprus.
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, and
Cyprus.
Not available for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, and
Cyprus.
Number in million, with one or more decimals.
Not available for Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland,
and Cyprus.
Italian codes: < 20 = 15
21-30 = 25
31-40 = 35
41-50 = 45
51-55 = 53
56-60 = 58
61+ = 65
See recoded variables RCCI3EST and RCCI3DE1 and
RCCI3DE2
CI5
What is the proportion of people aged 65
years?
Numeric
Proportion in %;
Not available for Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy.
See recoded variables RCCI5ACT , RCCI5EST,
RCCI5DE1 and RCCI5DE2
125
Name
variable
CI6
Label
variable
What do you expect in twenty years about the
size of the population?
Value
Label
category
Category
1
Larger
2
Almost the same
3
Smaller
Comments
Not available for Austria, Estonia, Finland, Germany,
Italy.
See recoded variable RCCI6 with reversed codes;
See RCCI6ACT, RCCI6DE1, RCCI6DE2,
RCCI6DE3 and RCCI6DE4
CI7
Would you prefer the population to increase
or decrease?
CI8
Opinion on declining proportion of young
people in 50 years
CL1A
Opinion on the increasing number of couples
who live together unmarried
CL1B
Opinion on the increasing number of couples
who decide to remain childless
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
To increase
To remain the same
To decrease
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Not available for Austria and Germany
Not available for Austria, Estonia and Romania.
Czech Rep.: 30 years
Finland: 30 years
The Netherlands: “The proportion of young people
(below the age of 20) has dropped sharply. In 1980
about 32 out of 100 inhabitants were young people
and in 2001 this was 24. How do you rate this
development?”
Not available for Romania.
Italy: only three codes.
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes.
126
Name
variable
CL1C
Label
variable
Opinion on the declining number of
marriages
CL1D
Opinion on the declining number of births
CL1E
Opinion on the increasing number of children
in a one-parent family
CL1F
Opinion on the increasing number of children
being an only child
CL1G
Opinion on the increasing number of persons
who live alone
CL1H
Opinion on the increasing number of births
among unmarried couples
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Comments
Not available for Romania and Cyprus;
Italy: only three codes
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes
127
Name
variable
CL1I
Label
variable
Opinion on the increasing number of divorces
CL2A
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of difficulties in
finding a job
CL2B
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of difficulties in
finding housing accommodation
CL2C
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of diminishing value
of the marriage
CL2D
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of increasing desire for
independence and autonomy
CL2E
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of refusal to accept
responsibilities
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Comments
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement.
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
128
Name
variable
CL2F
Label
variable
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because unmarried cohabitation
has become more acceptable
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
CL2G
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of insufficient income
for getting married
CL2H
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of later birth of the
first child
CL2I
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because living with the parents
is so comfortable
CL2J
Marriage postponement/renouncement of
young people because of intimate
relationships outside marriage
CL3
Which living arrangement do you personally
prefer?
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Label
Category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Living alone
Living apart together
Unmarried cohabitation, then marriage
Unmarried cohabitation, no marriage
Legal marriage
Flat-sharing with friends
Other
Comments
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Not available for Romania;
Italy: only three codes;
Belgium: only postponement
Optional variable.
Not available for Austria, Belgium, Finland, Hungary,
Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia
Not available for Austria, Belgium and Romania.
Netherlands: “ 5. Legal marriage (without
cohabitation first)”
129
Name
variable
CL3A
CL4A
Label
variable
Do you prefer living arrangement with or
without children?
Marriage is an outdated institution
Value
Label
category
Category
1
With children
2
Without children
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Comments
Not available for Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Hungary,
Romania, Slovenia, Cyprus
Not available for Romania and Cyprus
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4A;
CL4B
A woman should be able to have a child as a
single parent, if she desires so
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Not available for Romania and Cyprus
Several countries: no code 3
Hungary: additional condition: …. and she doesn’t
want to have a stable relationship with a man ….
CL4C
In the future more emphasis should be placed
on family life
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
CL4D
A child needs a home with both a father and a
mother to grow up happily
1
2
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
See recoded variable RCCL4B
Not available for Romania and Cyprus;
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4C
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4D
CL4E
Married people are generally happier than
unmarried
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4E
CL4F
People who want children ought to get
married
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4F
130
Name
variable
CL4G
Label
variable
One parent can bring up a child as well as two
parents together
Value
Label
category
Category
1
Agree
2
Don’t agree
3
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Comments
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
Belgium: A single father can…
CL4H
It is all right for a couple to live together
without intending to get married
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
CL4I
It is better to have a bad marriage than no
marriage at all
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
See recoded variable RCCL4G
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4H
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4I
CL4J
Marriage is the only acceptable way of living
together for a man and a woman
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Not available for Romania and Cyprus.
Several countries: no code 3.
See recoded variable RCCL4J
CL5A
The only place where you can feel completely
happy and at ease is at home with your
children
CL5B
I always enjoy having children near me
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Not available for Romania.
Italy: no code 3
Not available for Italy and Romania
131
Name
variable
CL5C
Label
variable
You can be perfectly satisfied with life if you
have been a good parent
CL5D
I like having children because they really
need you
CL5E
It is your duty towards society to have
children
CL5F
You can not be really happy without having
children
CL5G
The closest relationship you can have with
anyone is with your own child
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for Romania
Italy: no code 3
Not available for Italy and Romania
Not available for Romania
Italy: no code 3
Not available for Italy and Romania
Not available for Romania
Italy: no code 3
132
Name
variable
CF1
CF1A
Label
variable
Do you intend to have a(nother) child in the
future?
Additional number of children intended
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Number
Label
Category
No
Don’t know, uncertain
Yes
I am/my partner is pregnant
I cannot have any more
0 to 15
Comments
Women older than 50, go to CF3
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, code CF1
= -8 and go to CF3A.
Women > 50: no data available
Men > 50: not available for B, E, L, N and R.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Belgium: code 5 = limited to sterilised;
Germany: selection on respondents <45;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8;
Suggestion: use recoded variable RCCF1w or
RCCF150
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman = older than 50, code CF1A = -8;
If CF1= 1, code CF1A = 0 and go to CF2A;
If CF1 = 2, code CF1A = missing;
If CF1 = 3, code CF1A = number recorded on code 3
of CF1 and go to CF3A;
If CF1 = 4, code CF1A = 1 + number recorded on
code 4 of CF1 (pregnancy = additional child intended)
and go to CF3A
Germany: selection on respondents <45;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
NB. Answers 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4 an 4 to 5, have
respectively been coded as 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5
Suggestion: do not use this variable: see RCCF1A,
RCCF1AX, RCCF1AY, RCCF1AI and RCCF1AA
133
Name
variable
CF2A
CF2B
CF2C
Label
variable
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I already
have all the children I want
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: My state
of health does not allow to have a(nother)
child
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I live
alone and I don’t have a steady partner
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
Category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
Comments
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2B = -8.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2C = -8;
If respondent has a partner = code –8.
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner =older than 50 or CF1 = 3
or 4, code CF2A = -8;
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Belgium: ….health of respondent and/or
spouse/partner…;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
134
Name
variable
CF2D
CF2E
CF2F
Label
variable
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: My job
and professional activities would not allow it
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I would
have to give up leisure-time interests
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I want
to maintain my present standard of living
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
Category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
Comments
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2D = -8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Belgium: the combination with my job is too difficult;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2E = -8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Belgium: not available
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2F = -8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Belgium: not available
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
135
Name
variable
CF2G
CF2H
CF2I
Label
variable
Reason not wanting a(nother) child:
A(nother) child would cost too much
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I am too
concerned about the future of my children
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I would
not be able to enjoy life as I have so far
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
Category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
Comments
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2H = -8.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than, or CF1 = 3
or 4, code CF2I = -8.
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2G = -8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Estonia: not available
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
136
Name
variable
CF2J
CF2K
Label
variable
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: I am/ my
partner is too old
Reason not wanting a(nother) child: My
partner does not want a(nother) child
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
Category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
1
2
3
4
5
6
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Missing answer in Finland
CF3A
I have the same number of children as in the
family of origin of my partner
1
2
True
Not true
CF3B
I have the same number of children as in my
family of origin
Most of our friends have the same number of
children as we
Most of our neighbours have the same
number of children as we
Most of our acquaintances have the same
number of children as we
Those with a higher living standard than ours
have the same number as we
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
True
Not true
True
Not true
True
Not true
True
Not true
True
Not true
CF3C
CF3D
CF3E
CF3F
Comments
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than 50, or CF1 =
3 or 4, code CF2J = -8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents.
Italy: only two codes
Slovenia: not available
This variable is selected on women of age 50 or
younger;
If woman or female partner = older than, or CF1 = 3
or 4, code CF2K = -8
If respondent has no partner: code –8.
Austria: no information on age of partner of male
respondents;
Hungary: men >50 and no partner = -8.
Italy: only two codes
Slovenia: not available
Not available for BE, CY, FI, DE, HU, IT, RO, SL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, DE, HU, IT, RO, SL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, DE, HU, IT, RO, SL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, DE, HU, IT, RO, SL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, DE, HU, IT, RO, SL
Not available for AT, BE,CY, FI, DE, HU, IT, PL,
RO, SL
137
Name
variable
CF4A
Label
variable
Measures in favour of improved parental
leave arrangements for working women
CF4B
Measures in favour of lower income tax for
people with dependent children
CF4C
Measures in favour of better day-care
facilities for children < 3
CF4D
Measures in favour of better day-care
facilities for children > 3
CF4E
Measures in favour of an income-dependent
allowance for families with children
CF4F
Measures in favour of an allowance at the
birth of each child
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Comments
Not available for Italy;
Belgium: a better designed paternity leave system;
Germany: ..maternal leave….
Italy, Romania, and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Belgium: more childcare facilities for children aged 03;
Netherlands: Better day-care facilities for children
younger than age 4;
Italy, Romania, and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Not available for Belgium and Italy; Netherlands.
Netherlands: not asked because day-care system in the
Netherlands does not make a difference between daycare facilities for children until age 3 and for children
aged 3;
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Not available for Belgium and Italy;
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Not available for Belgium and Italy
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
138
Name
variable
CF4G
Label
variable
Measures in favour of an allowance for
parents who do not take a job because they
want to take care of their young children
CF4H
Measures in favour of a substantial rise in
child allowance
CF4I
Measures in favour of child-care facilities for
school-going children
CF4J
Measures in favour of flexible working hours
for working parents with young children
CF4K
Measures in favour of more and better
opportunities for parents with young children
to work part-time
CF4L
Measures in favour of a substantial decrease
in the costs of education
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Comments
Not available for Italy;
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Czech Republic: question formulated in slightly
different way;
Hungary: amount has been quantified.
Italy, Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Belgium: childcare before and after school hours and
during school holidays;
Not available for Italy;
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Not available for Italy;
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Italy, Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
Not available for Austria and Italy;
Estonia: measures to ensure publicly funded
education;
Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
139
Name
variable
CF4M
Label
variable
Measures in favour of better housing for
families with children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
CF5A
First measure to be implemented by the
government
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Label
Category
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Improved parental leave
Lower income tax with dependent
children
Better day-care for children < 3
Better day-care for children > 3
Income-dependent child allowance
Allowance at childbirth
Allowance for care-taking parents
Substantial rise in child allowance
Childcare for school-going children
Flexible working hours
More opportunities for part-time work
Substantial decrease in costs of
education
Better housing for families with
children
Don’t like any of these measures
Comments
Not available for Belgium and Estonia;
Italy, Romania and Slovenia: only codes 1, 2, 4 and 5.
If CF5A = 14, go to CF7.
Belgium : code 1= paternal leave; no codes 4, 5, 6, 13
and 14;
Estonia: no codes 13 and 14
Hungary: no code 7;
Italy: no codes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12;
Netherlands: no code 4;
Slovenia: no code 14.
140
Name
variable
CF5B
CF5C
Label
variable
Second measure to be implemented by the
government
Third measure to be implemented by the
government
Value
Label
category
Category
Improved parental leave
1
Lower income tax with dependent
2
children
Better day-care for children < 3
3
Better day-care for children > 3
4
Income-dependent child allowance
5
Allowance at childbirth
6
Allowance for care-taking parents
7
Substantial rise in child allowance
8
Childcare for school-going children
9
Flexible working hours
10
More opportunities for part-time work
11
Substantial decrease in costs of
12
education
Better housing for families with child
13
No second choice
14
Improved parental leave
1
Lower income tax with dependent
2
children
Better day-care for children < 3
3
Better day-care for children > 3
4
Income-dependent child allowance
5
Allowance at childbirth
6
Allowance for care-taking parents
7
Substantial rise in child allowance
8
Childcare for school-going children
9
Flexible working hours
10
More opportunities for part-time work
11
Substantial decrease in costs of
12
education
Better housing for families with
13
children
No third choice
14
Comments
If CF5A = 14, code CF5B = -8 .
See CF5A
Netherlands: no code 4; code 14 = no second choice
If CF5A = 14, code CF5C = -8.
See CF5A
Netherlands: no code 4; code 14 added = no third
choice
141
Name
variable
CF6A
CF6B
Label
variable
Consequences of implementation of desired
measures: it would be easier for me to have
the number of children I want
Consequences of implementation of desired
measures: it would enable me to have my
next child sooner
Value
Label
category
Category
1
Agree
2
Don’t agree
3
No opinion/not applicable
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
No opinion/not applicable
Comments
Code 3 in questionnaire = -8 in database
If CF5A = 14, CF6A = –8.
Germany: respondents <45;
Hungary : women <50; men >50 and no partner = -8.
Code 3 in questionnaire = -8 in database.
If CF5A = 14, CF6B = –8.
Hungary : women < 50; Hungary: men >50 and no
partner = -8.
CF6C
CF6D
Consequences of implementation of desired
measures: I would reconsider the possibility
of having a(nother) child
Consequences of implementation of desired
measures: I would probably decide to have
a(nother) child
1
2
3
1
2
3
Agree
Don’t agree
No opinion/not applicable
Agree
Don’t agree
No opinion/not applicable
CF7
Preferred child allowance system by family
income
1
2
3
4
Dependent on family income
For low-income families only
Independent of family income
Different classification
CF8
Preferred child allowance system by age of
children
1
2
3
Older child, higher allowance
Younger child, higher allowance
Independent of age of child
Code 3 in questionnaire = -8 in database.
If CF5A = 14, CF6C = –8.
Hungary: women < 50; Hungary: men >50 and no
partner = -8.
Code 3 in questionnaire = -8 in database.
If CF5A = 14, CF6D = –8.
Hungary: women < 50; Hungary: men >50 and no
partner = -8.
Not available for Austria
Not available for Austria;
Italy: selected on CF7
Belgium and the Netherlands: selected on respondents
<50 years
142
Name
variable
CF9
Label
variable
Preferred child allowance system by number
of children
CF10
Do you or your partner receive child
allowance at the present time?
CF11
What do you think of the amount of child
allowance
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Label
Category
For the first two children only
Only from the third child onwards
Child allowance for each child
Increasing child allowance with
increasing number of children
Different classification
Yes
No
1
2
3
4
Too low
Too high
Reasonable
High
CF12A
Have you ever had parental leave?
1
2
3
4
CF12B
Did your partner ever have parental leave?
1
2
3
4
9*
CF13
What do you think of the present parental
leave?
1
2
3
Comments
Not available for Austria;
Belgium: no codes 1 and 2;
Poland: no code 3;
Italy: selected on CF7
Belgium and the Netherlands: selected on respondents
<50 years.
If CF10 = 2, go to CF12.
Not available for Cyprus, Estonia, Finland and
Lithuania
This variable is selected on CF10, code 1;
If CF10 = 2, code CF11 = -8.
Not available for BE, EE, FI, IT, LT;
Hungary: code 4.
Yes
Not available for BE, CY, EE, HU, LT;
No
Finland: no code 3;
We intend to
Poland: no code 3;
Not applicable because no opportunity Slovenia: no code 3; CF12A and CF12B: coded under
CF12A.
See recoded variable RCCF12A.
Yes
*Code 9 in questionnaire = code –7 in database.
No
We intend to
Not available for BE, CY, EE, HU, LT ,SL;
Not applicable because no opportunity Finland, Italy, Poland: no code 3;
I don’t know*
Netherlands: code 8 = non-applicable ;
Slovenia: CF12B coded under CF12A.
Too long
Too short
Enough
See recoded variable RCCF12B.
Not available for AT, BE, CY, EE, HU, IT, LT
143
Name
variable
CF14
Label
variable
What did you do after your (partner’s) last
maternity/parental leave?
CF15
Which type of parental leave would you
prefer most?
CQ1Y
Year of birth of respondent
CQ1M
Month of birth of respondent
Value
Label
category
Category
1
Stopped working completely
2
Stopped working temporarily,
continued later
3
Started working less hours than before
4
Continued working same number of
hours
5*
Does not apply to my situation*
1
2
3
4
Full-time leave
Half-time leave
Flexible leave
Not in favour of these measures
Comments
*Code 5 in questionnaire = –8 in database.
At analysis, variable needs to be selected by sex.
Not available for AT, BE, CY, EE, HU, IT;
Finland:…last parental leave?
Netherlands: maternity leave
Optional: NL, PL, RO, SL;
Questionnaire coding has been adapted to
accommodate Slovene data.
Numeric
Coded in four digits;
Numeric
See recoded variables RCCQ1Y, RCCQ1-13,
RCCQ1-4 and RCCQ1-2
Coded in two digits.
Not available for BE, CZ, IT, RO
CQ2
Sex of respondent
CQ3
Current marital status of respondent
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
Male
Female
Never married
Married
Separated
Widowed
Divorced
Cohabitation
If CQ3 = 1, go to CQ4;
If CQ3 = 2, go to CQ3A;
If CQ3 = 3, go to CQ3B;
If CQ3 = 4, go to CQ3C;
If CQ3 = 5, go to CQ3D
Code 6: added for Poland and Estonia
144
Name
variable
CQ3A
Label
variable
Year of current marriage
Value
category
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
This variable is selected on CQ3, code 2;
Coded in four digits and go to CQ4.
Not available for CY, IT, PL.
CQ3B
Year of marital separation
See recoded variables RCCQ3A1 and RCCQ3A2
This variable is selected on CQ3, code 3;
Coded in four digits and go to CQ4.
Numeric
Not available for CY, IT, PL, RO.
See recoded variables RCCQ3B1 and RCCQ3B2
CQ3C
Year of widowhood
Numeric
This variable is selected on CQ3, code 4;
Coded in four digits and go to CQ4.
Not available for CY, IT, PL, RO.
CQ3D
Year of divorce
See recoded variables RCCQ3C1 and RCCQ3C2
This variable is selected on CQ3, code 5;
Coded in four digits and go to CQ4.
Numeric
Not available for CY, IT, PL, RO.
CQ4
Living arrangement
1
2
3
Living with spouse/partner
Living Apart Together
No partner
See recoded variables RCCQ3D1 and RCCQ3D2
If CQ4 =2 or 3, go to CQ5A.
Not available for Cyprus
See recoded variable RCCQ4B, RCCQ46, and
RCCQ46C
.
145
Name
variable
CQ4A
Label
variable
Year of start living together
Value
category
Numeric 1920-2003?
Label
Category
Comments
This variable is selected on CQ4, code 1;
Coded in four digits.
Not available for Cyprus and Romania;
Hungary: duration cohabitation before marriage is
unknown.
See RCCQ4A1, RCCQ4A2, RCCQ341 and
RCCQ342
CQ5A
Nationality of respondent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Country of residence
Other EU country
Other non-EU European country
Turkey
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
North America
Latin America
Other
Partner-specific country
Partner specific country
:::::::
If no partner, go to CQ6A.
In principle, surveys limited to nationals.
Cyprus, Finland and Italy not available;
Austria: only codes 1 and 10 ( 10 includes 2-9);
Belgium: only nationals in sample;
Czech Rep.: codes 1,2,3 and 10;
Germany: only nationals in sample;
Hungary: country-specific codes: 11-19;
Poland: country-specific codes: 20-29;
Slovenia: other = 4 to 9;
See recoded variable RCCQ5A.
146
Name
variable
CQ5B
CQ6A
Label
variable
Nationality of partner
Household composition: I live alone
CQ6B
Household composition: partner
CQ6C
Household composition: own children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
1
2
1
2
Label
Category
Country of residence
Other EU country
Other non-EU European country
Turkey
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
North America
Latin America
Other
Partner-specific country
Partner specific country
:::::::
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Comments
If CQ4 = 3, code –8
Country-specific codes: see CQ5A.
See recoded variable RCCQ5B.
Not available for Italy.
See recoded variables RCCQ6, RCCQ7AD,
RCCQ7AEQ.
Not available for Italy
Definition own children = biological children (all
ages) of respondent living in household.
Finland: definition not specified;
Netherlands: Step-children or adopted children to be
included; do not include deceased children or fosterchildren.
Not available for IT, PL
See RCCQ6CH, RCCQ81 and RCCQ82
147
Name
variable
CQ6D
Label
variable
Household composition: other children
Value
category
1
Yes
2
No
Label
Category
Comments
Definition of other children = stepchildren, adopted
children, foster children, children of other household
members (all ages).
Netherlands: Foster children, children of other family
members, other children.
Not available for IT, PL
CQ6E
Household composition: one or both of my
parents
1
2
Yes
No
CQ6F
Household composition: one or both of my
parents-in-law
1
2
Yes
No
See RCCQ6CH, RCCQ81 and RCCQ82
Estonia: parents/grandparents;
Finland: CQ6E and CQ6F: merged in CQ6E;
Poland: CQ6E and CQ6F: merged in CQ6E.
Not available for IT, PL
Estonia: parents-in-law/grandparents-in-law;
Finland: see CQ6E;
Not available for FI, IT, PL, RO
CQ6G
Household composition: my brother(s) or
sister(s)
1
2
Yes
No
CQ6H
Household composition: brother(s) or sister(s)
of my partner
1
2
Yes
No
CQ6I
CQ6J
Household composition: other family
members
Household composition: others
1
2
1
2
Yes
No
Yes
No
CQ7
Household size
Finland: CQ6G and CQ6H: merged in CQ6G;
Not available for IT, PL, RO
Finland: see CQ6G;
Not available for IT, PL, RO
Not available for IT, PL, RO
Netherlands: Others = no family (of me and my
partner).
Not available for IT, PL, RO
Numeric
See also recoded variable RCCQ7EQ.
148
Name
variable
CQ8
Label
variable
Number of children in household
Value
category
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
Optional variable
Definition of children = all children of all ages living
in the household (sum of CQ6C and CQ6D).
Austria, Cyprus and Italy: not available;
Belgium: children below 19;
Netherlands: own children and other children (such as
foster-children, children of other family members,
other children);
Slovenia: 170 cases were originally coded as –8. On
the basis of the combination of cq6 and cq8, these
cases have been recoded in 0.
See also recoded variables RCCQ81 and RCCQ82
CQ9A
Number of own, step- and adopted children
Numeric
00-15?
Children = all own, step- and adopted children (all
ages).
Not available for Romania;
Belgium: all living born children (inclusive deceased)
+ stepchildren below 19;
Italy: code –8 → code 0.
See also recoded variables RCCQ9A, RCCQ9B,
RCCQ9TE1, RCCQ9TE2, RCCQ9TE3, RCCQ9TE4,
and RCCQ9EQ
149
Name
variable
CQ9B
Label
variable
Number of own, step- and adopted children
still living at home
Value
category
Numeric 00-15
Label
Category
Comments
Children still living at home = own, step- and adopted
children of all ages.
Belgium: children below 19 years of age.
To allow for comparability, the following codes have
been changed:
Austria: code –9 → code 0 ;
Germany : missing codes → code 0;
Italy: code –8 → code 0 ;
Netherlands: code –8 → code 0 ;
Romania: if cq8 = 0, cq9b code –8 → code 0 ;
Slovenia: code –9 → code 0.
CQ9C
Year of birth oldest child
Numeric
CQ9D
Year of birth youngest child
Numeric
CQ10
Affiliation to a church or religious movement
1
2
See also recoded variable RCCQ9B
If CQ9A = 0, code CQ9C = -8 and go to CQ10;
Oldest child = oldest own, step- or adopted child (all
ages)
Not available for Cyprus
If CQ9A =0 or 1, code CQ9D = -8.
Youngest child = youngest own, step- or adopted child
(all ages)
Yes
No
Not available for Cyprus
Not available for CY,FI, IT, RO
150
Name
variable
CQ11
CQ12
Label
variable
What role does religion play in your life?
Major source of household income
Value
category
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Label
Category
Very important role
Important role
Not an important role
No role at all
Income from employment (= work)**
Income from capital
State financed old-age pension
Private pension, life-annuity
Social welfare
Unemployment benefit
General disability benefit
Other social security benefits
Educational grant
Maintained by parents, foster parents
Alimony
Other
Different classification*
Comments
Not available for Romania;
Belgium: 1 = regularly practicing believers;
2 = occasionally practicing believers
3 = non-practicing believers
4 = indifferent to matters of faith or freethinking
*Different classification: regroups some codes of
partners that do not fit into the standard classification
** Code 1 includes income from agriculture and selfemployment (defined as work).
Austria: not available;
Belgium: all sources are coded! , no code 4 (included
in 3): CQ12 is coded as 11 country specific variables;
Finland: no code 4;
Poland: 2, 4: don’t exist.
151
Name
variable
CQ13
Label
variable
Household income group
Value
category
1-5
Label
Category
Comments
CQ13 is a subjective reporting of the income
localisation within a distribution of five categories.
This variable is only available for Estonia, Lithuania,
Poland, and Cyprus.
Nine other countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands,
Romania, and Slovenia) have recorded the household
income either in an exact way or within a certain
range.
Czech R, Finland, Netherlands, Romania and Slovenia
have constructed variable CQ13 on the basis of their
income distribution data in the survey.
Italy: no data available.
See country-specific variables and RCCQ13A,
RCCQ13B, RCCQ13EQ, RCCQ13E1, RCCQ13E2
CQ14
CQ15
(Self-)employment status of respondent
Former employment of respondent
1
2
3
4
Yes, full-time job
Yes, part-time job
No, I don’t have a job
Casual work
1
2
Yes, but stopped working
No, I never had a job
If CQ14 = 1, 2, or 4 go to CQ18;
If CQ14 = 3, go to CQ15.
Code 4 is added for Czech R, Hungary, and Romania.
Belgium: the corresponding question to variable cq14
was formulated in a different way. Some of the
Belgian categories do not distinguish part-time and
full-time work. The Belgian frequency of IPPAS
variable cq14 code 1 (full-time job) may be a little bit
overestimated and code 2 underestimated.
This variable is selected on CQ14, code 3;
If CQ14 = codes 1,2 or 4, code CQ15 = -8 ;
If CQ15 = code 2, go to CQ17.
If CQ15 = code 1, go to CQ15A.
Not available for Austria, Belgium and Cyprus.
152
Name
variable
CQ15A
Label
variable
Year stop working
Value
category
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
This variable is selected on CQ15, code 1 ;
If CQ14 = 1, 2 or 4, code CQ15A = -8 ;
If CQ15 = 2, code CQ15A = -8 ;
Year coded in four digits.
Not available for AT, BE, CY, RO
CQ16
CQ17
Reason stop working
Reasons never worked
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Because of marriage
Became pregnant, gave birth
Household duties too taxing
Too difficult because of children
No longer financially necessary
My partner did not want me to work
Became unemployed
Was declared medically unfit
Retired/early retirement
Other
1
2
Prefer housework to working outside
Now housework, not sure will start
working
Now housework, want to start working
outside
Not been able to find a suitable job
I study
I am retired
Other
3
4
5
6
7
See recoded variables RCCQ15A1 and RC CQ15A2
This variable is selected on CQ15, code 1 ;
If CQ14 = 1, or 4, code CQ16 = -8;
If CQ15 = 2, code CQ16 = -8;
Go to CQ18.
Not available for AT, BE, CY, RO;
This variable is selected on CQ15, code 2;
If CQ14= 1, 2, or 4, code CQ17 = -8;
If CQ15 = 1, code CQ17 = -8.
Not available for AT, BE, CY, EE, FI, HU, IT, RO
153
Name
variable
CQ18
Label
variable
(Self)employment of partner
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Yes, full-time job
Yes, part-time job
Stopped working
Never worked
Casual work
Comments
No partner = -8 and go to CQ19;
If CQ18 = 1-2 or 4, go to CQ19;
If CQ18 = 3, go to CQ18A.
NB. Original codes 2 and 3 have been merged into
code 2 to include data from Slovenia.
Not available for AT, CY and HU.
CQ18A
Year partner stopped working
Belgium: the corresponding question to variable cq18
was formulated in a different way:
1) Some of the Belgian categories do not
distinguish part-time and full-time work. The
Belgian frequency of cq18, code 1 (full-time
job) may be a little bit overestimated and
code 2 (part-time job) underestimated;
2) Code 4 = never worked or no job.
No partner = -8 ;
This variable is selected on CQ18, code 3;
If CQ18 = 1-2 or 4, code CQ18A= -8;
Code year in four digits.
Numeric
Not available for AT, BE, CY, HU, IT, RO.
CQ19
Type of place of residence
1
2
3
4
Rural area or small village
Small town
Middle sized town
Large town
See also recoded variable RCCQ18A1 and
RCCQ18A2
Optional
Not available for AT and IT;
Belgium: categories are expressed in sizes
2 = < 20000
3 = 20000-50000
4 = > 50000
Netherlands: See variable NL_CQ19
154
Name
variable
CQ20A
Label
variable
Satisfaction about dwelling
CQ20B
Satisfaction about neighbourhood
CQ20C
Satisfaction about standard of living
CQ20D
Satisfaction about the total household
income?
CQ20E
Satisfaction about present work
CQ20F
Satisfaction about available time for doing
things?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not at all satisfied
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not at all satisfied
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not at all satisfied
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not at all satisfied
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not at all satisfied
1
2
3
4
5
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not at all satisfied
Comments
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
155
Name
variable
CQ21A
Label
variable
Highest level of education
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CQ21B
Highest level of education of partner
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label
Category
Incomplete primary education
Primary education
Lower secondary education
Upper secondary education
Post-secondary non-university
education
First stage of tertiary education
Second stage of tertiary education
Post-graduate education (third stage)
Incomplete primary education
Primary education
Lower secondary education
Upper secondary education
Post-secondary non-university
education
First stage of tertiary education
Second stage of tertiary education
Post-graduate education (third stage)
Comments
Code 5 = non-university higher education
Austria: Primary, lower secondary and unfinished
secondary education = code 3; Apprenticeship and
secondary vocational education without Matura =
code 4; Matura = code 5; University, university of arts
and university of applied arts = code 6.
Belgium: code 1 is included in code 2;
codes 7 and 8 are merged in 7;
Czech Rep.: code 1 → 1
2+3→ 2
4+5 →4
6
→ 6
7+8 →7
Nurses etc: code 4 (no non-university higher
education);
Hungary: no codes 6; university coded as 7;
Lithuania: 6+7= merged into 6, and 8 coded as 7.
Slovenia: s-cq21a codes 2+3 = IPPAS code 2; scq21a codes 4+5 = IPPAS code 4; Slovenia has no
IPPAS code 5
See RCCQ21A
cf. CQ21A;
If no partner: code –8
See RCCQ21B
156
2.2. Module Gender roles
Name
variable
Label
variable
G1A
Working mother can establish as warm and
secure relationship with her children as a
non-working mother
G1B
A pre-school child is likely to suffer if
mother works
G1C
Family life suffers when the woman has a
full-time job
G1D
What most women really want is a home and
children
G1E
Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as
working for pay
G1F
Having a job is the best way for a woman to
be independent
Value
category
Label
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, SL
Not available for AT, BE, CZ, FI, IT, PL, SL
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Hungary: “career is important, nevertheless family and
children are of greater importance to a woman”
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, SL
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, SL
157
Name
variable
G1G
Label
variable
Most women have to work to support their
families
G1H
In their job women are less ambitious than
men
G2A
Both man and woman should contribute to
household income
G2B
A man has to earn money; a woman looks
after the home and family
G2C
It is not good if the man stays at home and
cares for the children and the woman goes
out to work
G2D
Family life often suffers because men
concentrate too much on their work
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, SL
Not available for BE, CZ, IT
Not available for BE, CY, CZ, FI, IT, NL, SL
Not available for BE, CY,CZ, FI, IT, NL, SL
Not available for BE, CY, CZ, FI, SL
Not available for BE, CY, CZ, FI, SL
158
Name
variable
G2E
Label
variable
For a man the job should be more important
than the family
G2F
Working women are highly respected
G3A
Male involvement in housework: Yes, in any
case
Male involvement in housework: Yes, if the
woman works
Male involvement in housework: Yes, if man
is unemployed
Male involvement in housework: No, not a
man’s task
Male involvement in housework: No, not able
to do housework
Children make a marriage happy
G3B
G3C
G3D
G3E
G4A
G4B
There are times when children are not very
rewarding
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for BE, CY, CZ, FI;
Italy: no code 3
Not available for AT, BE, CY, CZ, FI ,IT
Optional: Lithuania and Poland
Optional: Lithuania and Poland
Optional: Lithuania and Poland
Optional: Lithuania and Poland
Optional: Lithuania and Poland
Optional: Hungary
Optional: Hungary
159
Name
variable
G4C
Label
variable
Women who do not want at least one child
are selfish
G5
How do you and your partner organise the
income?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
G6A
A woman should not sacrifice her career for
her children
G6B
Important that a family has at least the
evening meal together
G6C
No one can take care of a child as well as the
mother
G6D
Professionals can very well take care of
young children
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
I manage all the money
My partner manages all the money
We pool all the money and both take
out
We pool some of the money
We each keep our own money
separate
Other
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Optional: Hungary and Poland
At analysis, this variable needs to be combined with
sex;
This variable is selected on CQ6B, code 1;
If CQ6B = code 2, G5 = -8;
Code 6 = included to accommodate Hungary;
Code 6 of questionnaire = -8 in database.
Not available for AT, CZ, FI, DE, IT, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CY, EE, HU, LT, PO
Optional: CY,EE, HU, LT
Optional: CY, FI, HU, LT
Optional: CY,EE, HU, LT
160
Name
variable
G6E
Label
variable
Father and mother are very well suited to take
care of children
G6F
Relatives can also very well take care of
young children
G7
Who carries out the household work usually?
G8A
Sharing duties for childcare: preparing the
meals for the children
G8B
Sharing duties for childcare: dressing the
children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label
Category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Usually I do
Mostly my partner
Generally in equal shares
Mostly other household members
Mostly non-household persons
Other
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Comments
Optional: CY, HU, LT
Optional: CY, HU, LT
Optional: AT, EE, HU, LT, RO
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
At analysis, this variable needs to be combined with
sex and regrouped household variable;
Code 6 = included to accommodate Hungary
Optional: PL, RO, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
If no children in household, code –8 and go to G9A;
Code 8 in module = code -8 in database.
Optional: PL, RO, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
Code 8 in module = code –8 in database
161
Name
variable
G8C
G8D
G8F
G8G
Label
variable
Sharing duties for childcare: doctors visit
with the children
Sharing duties for childcare: arranging
administrative affairs for the children
Sharing duties for childcare: choice of
daycare facilities/school
Sharing duties for childcare: playing with
children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label
Category
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Comments
Optional: PL, RO, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
Code 8 in module = code -8 in database
Optional: PL, RO, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
Code 8 in module = code –8 in database
Optional: PL, RO, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
Code 8 in module = code -8 in database
Optional: PL, RP, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
Code 8 in module = code –8 in database
162
Name
variable
G8H
Label
variable
Sharing duties for childcare: assisting
children to do their homework
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
Label
Category
Mainly by me
Mainly by my partner
Mainly by a grandparent
Mainly by another household member
Mainly by other person
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else
By my partner and somebody else
Yes
No
Comments
Optional: PL, RO, SL
This variable needs to be combined with sex and
regrouped household variable;
Code 8 in module = code –8 in database
G9A
Sharing household duties with my partner is
satisfying
G9B
Sharing childcare is often a point of
controversy
1
2
Yes
No
G9C
Participation of partner in childcare is
sufficient
1
2
Yes
No
G10A
Decisions regarding shopping concerning the
house
G10B
Decisions regarding personal shopping
1
2
3
1
2
3
Woman
Man
Together
Woman
Man
Together
1
2
3
Woman
Man
Together
Optional: AT, EE, PL, RO
1
2
3
Woman
Man
Together
Optional: AT, EE, PL, RO
G10C
G10D
Decisions regarding food and meals
Decisions regarding savings
Optional: SL
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
Code 3 in module = code –8 in database
Optional: SL
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
Code 3 in module = code -8 in database
Optional: SL
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
Code 3 in module = code -8 in database
Optional: AT, EE, PL, RO
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
Optional: AT, EE, PL, RO
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
163
Name
variable
G10E
G10F
Label
variable
Decisions regarding car
Decisions regarding holidays
G11A
Governmental measures: promoting better
job opportunities for women
G11B
Governmental measures: promoting equal
pay for equal work for women and men
G11C
Governmental measures: promoting female
participation in politics
G11D
Governmental measures: promoting female
participation in technical occupations
G11E
Governmental measures: promoting female
participation in top management
Value
category
1
Woman
2
Man
3
Together
Label
Category
Comments
Optional: AT, EE, PL, RO
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
1
2
3
Woman
Man
Together
Optional: AT, EE, PL, RO
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Optional: AT, CY, EE, LT, PL, RO
This variable needs to be selected on CQ6B, code 1.
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
Optional: AT, CY, EE, LT, PL, RO
Optional: AT, CY, EE, LT, PL, RO
Optional: AT, CY, EE, LT, PL, RO
164
Name
variable
G11F
Label
variable
Governmental measures: encouraging
father’s participation in child care
G11G
Governmental measures: encouraging equal
division of household tasks
G12A
Concepts of life: did you have a concrete
planning of life at age 20-30?
Concepts of life: are you planning a career?
G12B
G12C
Concepts of life: does your job enable you to
be economically independent?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
Label
Category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Comments
Optional: AT, CY, EE, LT, PL, RO
Optional: AT, CY, EE, LT, PL, RO
Optional: not available
Optional: not available
Optional: not available
165
2.3. Module Values
Name
variable
V1A
V1B
Label
variable
Values in life: having enough time for
yourself and for your own interests
Values in life: living with your partner in
harmony
V1C
Values in life: providing security to people
close to you
V1D
Values in life: being appreciated and
respected outside your family
V1E
Values in life: having enough time for your
friends
V1F
Values in life: having enough income/money
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Comments
Not available for AT, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, IT, NL, RO
Belgium: having a happy family life
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
166
Name
variable
V1G
V1H
V1I
V1J
V1K
V2A
Label
variable
Values in life: having holidays at least once a
year
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Values in life: living in a nice, spacious house
1
2
3
4
5
Values in life: striving for self-fulfilment
1
2
3
4
5
Values in life: husband and wife both earning
1
their own income
2
3
4
5
Values in life: being satisfied in the job
1
2
3
4
5
Preferred number of children: having enough
1
time for yourself and for your own interests
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Comments
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, IT, NL, RO, SL
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, NL, RO
167
Name
variable
V2B
Label
variable
Preferred number of children: Living with
your partner in harmony
V2C
Preferred number of children: providing
security to people close to you
V2D
Preferred number of children: being
appreciated and respected outside your family
V2E
Preferred number of children: having enough
time for your friends
V2F
Preferred number of children: having enough
income/money
V2G
Preferred number of children: having
holidays at least once a year
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Comments
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, NL, Ro
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, IT, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, IT, NL, RO
168
Name
variable
V2H
V2I
V2J
V2K
Label
Value
Label
variable
category
category
Preferred number of children: living in a nice,
1
Prefer no children
spacious house
2
Prefer only one child
3
Prefer only two children
4
Prefer three + children
5
Does not matter how many
Preferred number of children: striving for
1
Prefer no children
self-fulfilment
2
Prefer only one child
3
Prefer only two children
4
Prefer three + children
5
Does not matter how many
Preferred number of children: husband and
1
Prefer no children
wife both earning their own income
2
Prefer only one child
3
Prefer only two children
4
Prefer three + children
5
Does not matter how many
Preferred number of children: being satisfied
in the job
1
2
3
4
5
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer only two children
Prefer three + children
Does not matter how many
Comments
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, NL, RO
Not available for AT, BE, FI, DE, IT, NL, RO, SL
169
2.4. Module Caring
Name
variable
H1
H1A
H2
Label
variable
In case of an unexpected problem is there a
relative or friend from outside your
household to spend some time helping out?
In case of an unexpected problem, who
could be called upon to spend some time
helping out?
From whom do you expect help with health
care or daily care once you become older?
Value
category
1
No
2
Yes
Label
category
Comments
If H1 = 1, go to H2
Not available for AT, BE, CY, CZ, EE, FI, HU, IT, NL,
SL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My spouse/partner
My daughter
My son
A female friend
A male friend
A female relative
A male relative
A female neighbour
A male neighbour
Others
My spouse/partner
My daughter
My son
A female friend
A male friend
A female relative
A male relative
A female neighbour
A male neighbour
Others
This variable is selected on H1, code 2;
If H1 = 1, code H1A = -8;
Not available for AT, BE, CY, CZ, EE, FI, DE, HU, IT,
NL, SL
Not available for Cyprus
170
Name
variable
H3A
Label
variable
Respondent’s ideal choice for combining
raising children and a job
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
H3B
Respondent’s ideal choice for the partner’s
combination of raising children and a job
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
H4
In case you would need money, would you
ask a friend or relative?
1
2
Label
category
Full-time job and no children
Full-time job and one child
Full-time job and two children
Full-time job and more than two
children
Part-time job and no children
Part-time job and one child
Part-time job and two children
Part-time job and more than two
children
No job as long as children are young
No job at all when there are children
Other
Full-time job and children
Part-time job and children
Full-time job and no children
Full-time job and one child
Full-time job and two children
Full-time job and more than two
children
Part-time job and no children
Part-time job and one child
Part-time job and two children
Part-time job and more than two
children
No job as long as children are young
No job at all when there are children
Comments
At analysis, this variable should be combined with sex.
Not available for AT, CZ, FI, HU.
Belgium: has no codes 2,3,4,6,7,8;
Added codes 12 and 13;
Netherlands: combined categories b, c, and d into one
category; the same with f, g, and h.
Germany: this question has only been asked for the
female respondents.
See recoded variable RCH3A
At analysis, this variable should be combined with sex.
Not available for AT, CZ, FI, HU.
Belgium: : has no codes 2,3,4,6,7,8;
Added codes: 12 and 13;
Germany: question has only been asked for the partner of
the male respondents.
See recoded variable RCH3B
Other
Full-time job and children
Part-time job and children
No
Yes
Optional: PL, RO, and SL.
If H4 = 1, go to H5
171
Name
variable
H4A
Label
variable
In case you would need money, whom
would you ask?
H5
If you would have a health problem, would
you ask a relative or friend for care?
H5A
If you would have a health problem, whom
would you ask for care?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Label
category
My spouse/partner
My daughter
My son
A female friend
A male friend
A female relative
A male relative
A female neighbour
A male neighbour
Others
No
Yes
My spouse/partner
My daughter
My son
A female friend
A male friend
A female relative
A male relative
A female neighbour
A male neighbour
Others
Comments
Optional: PL, RO, and SL.
This variable is selected on H4, code 2;
If H4 = 1, code H4A = -8
Optional: PL, RO, and SL.
If H5 = 1, go to A1
Optional: PL, RO, and SL.
This variable is selected on H5, code 2;
If H5 = 1, code H5A = -8
172
2.5. Module Ageing
Name
variable
A1
Label
variable
Opinion on rising number of people aged
65 and over
A2A
With their great experience, the aged are
still socially useful
A2B
The aged guarantee maintenance of
traditional values in society
A2C
Subsequent generations could profit
from the presence, knowledge and
experience of the aged
A2D
Society should consider the rights of the
elderly
A2E
Society should consider the problems of
the elderly
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for AT, CY, FI, HU, NL.
Italy: only 3 codes
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL.
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL.
Estonia: young people can learn a lot from older
persons
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL
173
Name
variable
A2F
Label
variable
Elderly are no longer productive and
take away resources from society
A2G
Elderly are an obstacle to change
A2H
Elderly are a burden for society
A2I
Elderly are an important resource for
emotional support
A3A
Society should primarily take care of the
elderly by creating proper institutions
and services
A3B
Children should take care of the elderly
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for AT, BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY,FI, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL.
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
174
Name
variable
A3C
Label
variable
It is a duty of the relatives to take care of
the elderly
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
A3D
I would like my aged parents to live with
me
If one of them was in need, I would ask
my aged parents to live with me
A3F
When the children are little, you should
not also have to care for your aged
parents
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Not available for BE,CY, HU, IT, NL
A3E
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
A3G
Old people should live in old people’s
homes only when there is no family who
can take care of them
A3H
Old people should live in an old people’s
home
Label
category
Comments
Not available for CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for CY, HU, IT, NL
Belgium: it is not possible to care for your old parents
too if you have small children
Not available for CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
175
Name
variable
A3I
Label
variable
It is not the task of the children to care
for their aged parents
A4A
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
spouse/partner
A4B
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
children
A4C
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
other relatives
A4D
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
friends or neighbours
A4E
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
a public institution
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for AT, BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for Cyprus
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
176
Name
variable
A4F
Label
variable
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
voluntary or solidarity organisations
A4G
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
church organisations
A4H
Daily help for elderly is best entrusted to
paid persons and private organisations
A5
Preferred living arrangement as an old
person in need of help
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Label
category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT, NL
At home, but with professional help
Not available for BE, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL.
At home, but with regular help of children
and family
At home, but with regular professional help Germany: no codes 4, 7, 8
In other house that better meets the needs
In own house with one of my children
In the house of one of my children
Share a house with relative/friend
In the room of a boarding house
In a home for the elderly
Other
177
Name
variable
A6A
Label
variable
First preference about Government’s
way to ensure old-age benefits in the
future?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
A6B
Second preference about Government’s
way to ensure old-age benefits in the
future?
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
A7
Expected age of retirement
7
Numeric
Label
category
To raise the retirement age
To raise monthly taxes
To lower monthly benefit payment to
pensioners
To force the children to support their
parents
To abolish early retirement programmes
To make old-age benefits dependent on the
number of children
Other
To raise the retirement age
To raise monthly taxes
To lower monthly benefit payment to
pensioners
To force the children to support their
parents
To abolish early retirement programmes
To make old-age benefits dependent on the
number of children
Other
Comments
Not available for AT, CY, HU, IT.
Austria: no first preference (A6A and A6B will have to
be combined in a recoded variable);
Code 7 = for Germany
Not available for AT, CY, HU, IT.
Austria: no second preference (A6A and A6B will
have to be combined in a recoded variable);
Code 7 = for Germany
If respondent is already retired (see CQ16 = 9; or
CQ17 = 6), code A7 = -8.
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT.
See recoded variable RCA7
178
Name
variable
A8
Label
variable
Preferred age of retirement
Value
category
Numeric
Label
category
Comments
If respondent is already retired (see CQ16 = 9; or
CQ17 = 6), code A7 = -8.
Not available for BE, CY, HU, IT.
See recoded variable RCA8
A9A
First preference about possible policy
measures regarding the aged
1
2
3
4
5
6
A9B
Second preference about possible policy
measures regarding the aged
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
A10
Do you have relatives/friends aged more
than 65 years?
7
1
2
3
4
To enable elderly to work after retirement
To overcome architecture barriers of the
mobility of elderly
To increase number of places where elderly
can socialise
To develop health services
To develop home care services
To increase the number of institutions for
elderly
To facilitate family care
To enable elderly to work after retirement
To overcome architecture barriers of the
mobility of elderly
To increase number of places where elderly
can socialise
To develop health services
To develop home care services
To increase the number of institutions for
elderly
To facilitate family care
Both relatives and friends
Only relatives
Only friends
Neither relatives nor friends
Not available for AT, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL,
Not available for AT, CY, FI, HU, IT, NL,
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, SL
If A10 = 3 , go A11C;
If A10 = 4, go to A14A
179
Name
variable
A11A
Label
variable
How often do you visit parents?
A11B
How often do you visit elderly relatives?
A11C
How often do you visit elderly friends?
A12A
Opinion on visits to parents
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
Label
category
Comments
Every day
Several times a week
Once a week
Up to once a month
Few times each year
Never
We live together
Optional: CZ, HU, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A10 = 3 or 4, code A11A = -8
Every day
Several times a week
Once a week
Up to once a month
Few times each year
Never
We live together
Every day
Several times a week
Once a week
Up to once a month
Few times each year
Never
We live together
Obligation
Pleasure
Sometimes obligation, sometimes pleasure
Difficult to say
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A10 = 3 or 4, code A11B= -8
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A10 = 2 or 4, code A11C= -8
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A11A = 7, code A12A = -8
180
Name
variable
A12B
Label
variable
Opinion on visits to elderly relatives
A12C
Opinion on visits to elderly friends
A13A
Do you help your parents in every day
life?
A13B
Do you help your elderly relatives in
every day life?
A13C
Do you help your elderly friends in
every day life?
A14A
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to spouse/partner
A14B
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Obligation
Pleasure
Sometimes obligation, sometimes pleasure
Difficult to say
Obligation
Pleasure
Sometimes obligation, sometimes pleasure
Difficult to say
Yes, often
Yes, seldom
Only on request
They do not need help
No, I am too busy
Yes, often
Yes, seldom
Only on request
They do not need help
No, I am too busy
Yes, often
Yes, seldom
Only on request
They do not need help
No, I am too busy
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A11B = 7, code A12B = -8
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A11C = 7, code A12C = -8
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, SL.
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A10 = 3 or 4, code A13B = -8
Optional: CZ, LT, PL, RO, and SL.
If A10 = 2 or 4, code A13C= -8
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, and SL.
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL.
181
Name
variable
A14C
Label
variable
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to other relatives
A14D
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to friends or neighbours
A14E
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to a public organisation
A14F
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to voluntary and solidarity
organisations
A14G
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to church organisations
A14H
Elderly Health care assistance is best
entrusted to paid persons and private
organisations
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Comments
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
182
Name
variable
A15A
Label
variable
The most relevant factor to perceive
somebody as old
A15B
The second most relevant factor to
perceive somebody as old
A15C
The third most relevant factor to
perceive somebody as old
A16
Opinion on the policy concerning the
transition from work to retirement
A17
Preferable scheme of work for retired
person wanting to work
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
1
2
3
Label
category
Age
Physical conditions
Dependency on support
Mental weakness
Retirement
Difficulty to follow changes
Troubles in solving problems
Birth of grandchild
Other
Age
Physical conditions
Dependency on support
Mental weakness
Retirement
Difficulty to follow changes
Troubles in solving problems
Birth of grandchild
Other
Age
Physical conditions
Dependency on support
Mental weakness
Retirement
Difficulty to follow changes
Troubles in solving problems
Birth of grandchild
Other
Forced to stop working altogether
Combine retirement and work
Gradually diminishing work
Choice to work full-time or part-time
Only be employed part-time
Only be employed occasionally
Comments
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, PL, RO, SL
Optional: EE, DE, LT, PL, RO
Optional: CZ, EE, DE, LT, PL
183
Name
variable
A18
Label
variable
Opinion on the organisation of work in a
scheme of gradually diminishing work
A19A
What of your working life do/will you
miss most as retired person?
A19B
What of your working life do/will you
miss second most as retired person?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Continue same work full-time
Continue same work part-time
Different work full-time
Different work part-time
Different occasional work
Take part in coaching
Supervision of starting workers
Unpaid social work
Being busy with duties
Difference between salary and pension
Feeling of being useful
Contacts with co-workers
Contacts with customers and business
partners
Being busy with duties
Difference between salary and pension
Feeling of being useful
Contacts with co-workers
Contacts with customers and business
partners
Comments
Optional: CZ, PL, SL
Optional: CZ, EE, LT, NL, PL, RO, SL
Optional: CZ, EE, LT, NL, PL, RO, SL
184
2.6. Module Childcare
Name
variable
B1A
Label
variable
It is good for a child’s development
to be taken care of by family
members/friends at an early age
B1B
Children kept in daycare centre most
of the week have a bigger chance of
problems later in life
B1C
The best childcare is by their own
parents
B2A
Did you ever make use of daycare
centre?
Did you ever make use of company
crèche?
B2B
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
Label
category
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Yes
No
Yes
No
Comments
Not available for BE, FI, IT
Not available for BE, FI, IT
Not available for BE, FI, IT
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, and RO.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2A = -8
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2B = -8
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
B2C
Did you ever make use of
kindergarten?
1
2
Yes
No
B2D
Did you ever make use of paid
childcare at home?
Did you ever make use of guest
caretaker at a guest home?
1
2
1
2
Yes
No
Yes
No
If CQ9A = 0, code B2C = -8
Optional; AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2D = -8
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2E = -8
Did you ever make use of exchange
of caretaking duties?
1
2
Yes
No
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2F = -8
B2E
B2F
185
Name
variable
B2G
B2H
B2I
Label
variable
Did you ever make use of unpaid
childcare?
Did you ever make use of your
partner as childcarer?
Did you ever make use of
grandmother as childcarer?
Value
category
1
2
1
2
1
2
Label
Category
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
B2J
Did you ever make use of
grandfather as childcarer?
1
2
Yes
No
B3
Are there sufficient childcare
facilities available?
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Yes, ample choice
Yes, but you have to wait
No, only a few
No, hardly any
Yes, but these are too costly
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
B4A
Parents are often embarrassed when
their child is crying in public
B4B
Parents will have problems with
their neighbours when their children
are noisy
B4C
It is difficult to use public transport
with small children
Comments
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2G = -8
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2H = -8
Optional: AT, CY, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2I = -8
Slovenia: includes grandfather
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
If CQ9A = 0, code B2J = -8
Slovenia: -9 (see B2I)
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, NL, PL, RO, and SL.
Don’t know = -7
code 5 : specific for Poland
Optional: DE, HU, PL, RO, SL.
Optional: DE, HU, RO, SL
Optional: DE, HU, PL, RO, SL
186
Name
variable
B4D
B4E
Label
variable
Little attention is given to children in
road traffic
There are not enough playgrounds
for children in the neighbourhood
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Completely agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Completely disagree
Comments
Optional: DE, HU, PL, RO, SL
Optional: DE, HU, PL, RO, SL
187
3. Country-specific variables
Name
Label
variable
variable
a_cq13
To which income group does your
family belong?
a_j10
Highest level of completed
education
a_j11
Highest level of completed
education of partner
Value
category
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1
2
3
4
Label
category
<420 EURO
420-583
584-729
730-875
876-1021
1022-1167
1168-1313
1314-1459
1460-1605
1606-1751
1752-1897
1898-2043
2044-2189
2190-2335
2336-2627
2628-2919
2920-3211
3212-3503
3504-3795
3796+
Elementary and secondary
Vocational
A-level
Completed college/university
1
2
3
4
5
Elementary and secondary
Vocational
A-level
Completed college/university
No partner
Comments
Austria
188
Name
variable
Bv_24a
Label
variable
Opinion on childless married
couples deciding to divorce
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Approve entirely
Approve somewhat
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove somewhat
Disapprove completely
Bv_24b
Opinion on childless non-married
cohabiting couples deciding to
divorce
1
2
3
4
5
Approve entirely
Approve somewhat
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove somewhat
Disapprove completely
Bv_24c
Opinion on married couples with
young children deciding to divorce
1
2
3
4
5
Approve entirely
Approve somewhat
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove somewhat
Disapprove completely
Bv_24d
Opinion on non-married cohabiting
couples with young children
deciding to divorce
1
2
3
4
5
Approve entirely
Approve somewhat
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove somewhat
Disapprove completely
Bv_24e
Opinion on married couples deciding
to divorce after 20 years or more of
marriage
1
2
3
4
5
Approve entirely
Approve somewhat
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove somewhat
Disapprove completely
Comments
Belgium
189
Name
variable
Bv_24f
Label
variable
Opinion on non-married couples
deciding to separate after living
together for 20 years
Bv_45
Opinion on role elderly people
Bv_45a
if there are insufficient jobs
available, elderly people have as
much claim to them as young people
Bv_45b
if pension costs continue to rise, first
and foremost solidarity should be
shown by richer elderly people for
the benefit of the less well-of elderly
people
working over-65s take the bread out
of young people’s mouths
Bv_45c
Bv_45d
if health care costs continue to
increase, elderly people too should
pay as much as the other age groups
Bv_45e
their many years’ experience still
enables over-65s to have a paid job
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Approve entirely
Approve somewhat
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove somewhat
Disapprove completely
Comments
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
190
Name
variable
Bv_45f
Label
variable
over-65s have as much right to a
paid job as younger people
Bv_461
Measures to pay pensions
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Bv_462
Measures to pay pensions
1
2
3
4
5
Bv_49
Bv_49a
Opinions on contributions elderly
people
elderly people should be involved in
helping their infirm peers much
more than now
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Comments
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Attracting foreign labour
Urging part-time workers to work fulltime
Encouraging more women to join the
labour market
Extending the working week by four
hours
Encouraging spouses/partners to have
more children
Attracting foreign labour
Urging part-time workers to work fulltime
Encouraging more women to join the
labour market
Extending the working week by four
hours
Encouraging spouses/partners to have
more children
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
191
Name
variable
Bv_49b
Label
variable
a stronger appeal should be made to
elderly people to participate in
voluntary work
Bv_49c
too little use is being made of the
skills and knowledge of elderly
people
Bv_49d
in view of their vitality elderly
people retire far too early at present
Bv_49e
it is too easy to say that elderly
people can be employed in all sorts
of activities
Bv_49f
elderly people should be involved in
looking after children, whose parents
are both working, much more than
now
bv410
Opinions on policy options for
elderly people
reducing
elderly
people’s
contribution towards cost of medical
treatment
Bv_410a
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
1
2
3
4
5
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Comments
192
Name
variable
Bv_410b
Label
variable
making home help services for
elderly people less expensive
Bv_410c
raising lowest pensions
Bv_410d
making home care and home nursing
for elderly people less expensive
Bv_410e
increasing grants for adaptations to
elderly people’s dwellings
bv25
Bv_25a
Bv_25b
Role in decrease of number of
children
Insufficient child care facilities
the increased costs of bringing up
children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Comments
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
193
Name
variable
Bv_25c
Label
variable
men and women want greater room
for self-development and
independence
Bv_25d
uncertainty about the future
Bv_25e
the view that smaller families are
better
Bv_25f
rising living costs
Bv_25g
economic crisis and unemployment
Bv_25h
the increased number of women in
work
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Comments
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
194
Name
variable
Bv_25i
Label
variable
the rising number of divorces
Bv_25j
the feeling that Belgium is
overpopulated
Bv_25k
problems for women to combine
work and children
Bv_25l
starting (too) late with having
children
Bv_25m
the view that people want to live in
greater luxury
Bv_43
Children are obliged to support
their parents financially if they
cannot afford to stay in an old
people’s home or in a rest home
with nursing facilities.
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Comments
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
A very big role
A fairly big role
A moderate role
A rather small role
No role at all
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
195
Name
variable
bv48
Bv_48a
Label
variable
To eliminate the shortage of staff in
the elderly people’s care, solutions
ought to be looked for
bringing in to Belgium personnel
from non-western countries
Bv_48b
carers and nurses in rest homes and
nursing homes should be far better
paid
Bv_48c
a compensation at the level of the
minimum wage should be paid to
children caring full time for their
infirm parents
Bv_48d
people should have more children,
so that there would eventually be
enough young people to care for
infirm elderly
Bv_421
Views diverge on should pay for the
care of the elderly: in the first place?
Bv_422
Views diverge on who should pay
for the care of the elderly: in the
second place?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
3
Label
category
Comments
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
The elderly themselves
The elderly person’s children
The government
The elderly themselves
The elderly person’s children
The government
Additions to responsibility of
Government CI1
196
Name
variable
Bv_15ab
Label
variable
Enabling women and men to have
the number of children they want
Bv_15ae
making it easier for women to
combine work with care for others
(infirm parents, disabled children…)
Bv_15ah
enabling more men and women to
continue to work after the age of 50
Bv_15ai
Ensuring that there will continue to
be sufficient funding for pensions
Bv_15aj
Making it easier for men to combine
work with care for others (infirm
parents, disabled children…)
Bv_15b1
Which of the above matters do
you think the government should
give first priority?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label
category
To a very large extent
To a large extent
Neither to a large nor to a small extent
To a small extent
To a very small extent
To a very large extent
To a large extent
Neither to a large nor to a small extent
To a small extent
To a very small extent
To a very large extent
To a large extent
Neither to a large nor to a small extent
To a small extent
To a very small extent
To a very large extent
To a large extent
Neither to a large nor to a small extent
To a small extent
To a very small extent
To a very large extent
To a large extent
Neither to a large nor to a small extent
To a small extent
To a very small extent
See items question 1.5
Comments
197
Name
variable
Bv_15b2
Bv_21i
Label
variable
Which of the above matters do you
think the government should give
second priority?
Additions to opinions on trends
CL1
the growing number of women not
having their first child until after the
age of 30
Bv_21j
the increasing number of children
who spend part of their youth in a
reconstituted family (following
divorce, death, remarriage)
Bv_21k
the rising number of fathers starting
a second family at an advanced age
Bv_21l
the fact that homosexual couples
marry
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Label
category
See items question 1.5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Very good
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Very good
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Very good
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Very good
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Comments
198
Name
variable
Bv_21m
Label
variable
the increasing number of children
brought up under a co-parenthood
arrangements (alternating custody by
the father and the mother)
Bv_21n
the increasing number of children
brought up under a co-parenthood
arrangements (alternating custody by
the father and the mother)
Bv_22i
Bv_22j
Bv_22k
Additions to reasons for
postponement of marriage CL2
increased vulnerability of
relationships
living together without being
married is more advantageous than
living as a married couple from a
fiscal point of view
young people do not like to be tied
down
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Comments
Very good
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Very good
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
1
2
3
4
5
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Additions to CL4
Bv_23h
two women can bring up a
child/children just as well as a father
and a mother
199
Name
variable
Bv_23j
Label
variable
it must be possible for two men want
to bring up together a child/children
if they so want
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Comments
Additions to CL5
Bv_26d
I can be perfectly happy without
children
Bv_26g
bringing up children is exacting
Additions to CF2
Bv_36e
my family situation is too difficult
(bad relationship, reconstituted
family)
Bv_36f
our house does not fit
Bv_36l
I would not find suitable child
minding
200
Name
variable
Bv_36m
Label
variable
I have and/or my spouse/partner has
fertility problems
Bv_36n
child upbringing is too demanding
Bv_36o
I feel still too young, I have still time
Bv_36p
my employment situation and/or that
of my spouse/partner is uncertain
Bv_36q
earlier pregnancy problems have
frightened me
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Comments
Additions to CF4
Bv_37aa
extension of maternity leave (15
weeks at present
201
Name
variable
Bv_37ac
Label
variable
more childcare facilities for children
aged 0-3
Bv_37ai
a better designed paternity leave
system
Bv_37aj
Support for parents (e.g. advice in
case of upbringing problems)
Bv__37al
Better arrangements for care of sick
children
Bv_37am
More guarantees for mothers to start
work again after they have brought
up their children
Bv_37ao
More homework opportunities (teleworking)
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Comments
202
Name
variable
Bv_37ap
Label
variable
the years spent at home rearing
children counting towards the
calculation of pensions
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Bv_37aq
tax reduction for single mothers
Bv_37ar
cheaper medical aid for women and
men with fertility problems
Bv_37as
less expensive home help services
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
numeric
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Strongly in favour
In favour
Neither in favour, nor against
Against
Strongly against
Bv_32
Bv_33r
Bv_33p
Bv_34
Bv_39
Bv_310
The ideal number of children in a
family
Currently desired number of
children by respondent
Currently desired number of children
by partner (according to respondent)
Desired number of children at age 25
The best age for a women to have
her first child
The age a woman is considered too
old to have a child
Comments
numeric
numeric
numeric
Selection on age 30+
numeric
numeric
203
Name
variable
Bv_311
Label
variable
Personal preference on the role
played by men and women in the
family
Bv_315
Sufficiency
of
financial
compensation (EUR 536 per month)
in case of full career interruption
Bv_316
Opinion on percentage of age to be
sufficient to take a three-month
parental leave
Bv_58r
Present occupation of respondent
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Label
Category
A family where both partners have an
equally demanding job and where
household duties and care of children are
divided equally between partners
::::::
Comments
Fully sufficient
Sufficient
Neither sufficient nor insufficient
Insufficient
Not sufficient at all
21 to 40 % of wage
41 to 50% of wage
51 to 60% of wage
61 to 70% of wage
71 to 80% of wage
more than 80% of wage
Unskilled worker
Skilled worker
Lower-grade office worker
Higher-grade office worker
Staff
Self-employed person
Liberal profession
Currently not working
204
Name
variable
Bv_58p
Label
variable
Present occupation of spouse/partner
Bv_59r
Sector of current occupation of
respondent
Bv_59p
Sector of current occupation of
spouse/partner
Bv_5100
Welcoming a change in work
situation during the next three years?
Bv_5101
Please give the two main reasons.
Bv_5102
Please give the two main reasons.
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
1
2
3
9
1
2
3
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
Category
Unskilled worker
Skilled worker
Lower-grade office worker
Higher-grade office worker
Staff
Self-employed person
Liberal profession
Currently not working
Private sector
Public sector
Education
Currently not working
Private sector
Public sector
Education
Currently not working
No,
No, same number of hours
Yes, less hours
Yes, more hours
Yes, stop working
Yes, take up a paid job
See question 5.10 different reasons
according to answer in bv5100
Comments
Source of income in the household
Bv_5111
Earned income
Bv_5112
Capital income
Bv_5113
(Early) retirement
0
1
0
1
0
1
No
yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
205
Name
variable
Bv_5114
Label
variable
Industrial injury benefit
Bv_5115
Unemployment benefit
Bv_5116
Minimum wage
Bv_5118
Alimony payments
Bv_5119
Scholarship
Bv_51110
Regular financial support by one or
both parents
Other source of income
Bv_51111
Bv_5122
What is your total net household
income per month?
Bv_5133
Is it difficult or easy for you to
manage on your monthly family
income?
Value
category
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Comments
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
less than EUR 999
between EUR 1000 and 1999
between EUR 2000 and 2999
between EUR 3000 and 3999
between EUR 4000 and 4999
EUR 5000 or more
very easy
easy
neither easy nor difficult
difficult
very difficult
Additions to V1
Bv_27c
Importance of having a paid job
1
2
3
4
5
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
206
Name
variable
Bv_27d
Label
variable
Importance of spending enough time
with your children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Agree entirely
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Disagree completely
Czech Republic: Praha
Czech Republic: Støedoèeskỷ
Czech Republic: Jihoèeskỷ
Czech Republic: Západoèeskỷ
Czech Republic: Severoèeskỷ
Czech Republic: Vỷchodoèeskỷ
Czech Republic: Jihomoravskỷ
Czech Republic: Severomoravskỷ
Comments
Additions to A3
Bv_44e
Bv_44f
it is better for elderly people to live
in an old people’s home/rest home
with nursing facilities than being
dependent for help on their own
children
elderly people in need of care should
first appeal to professional care
(home nursing, domestic help) and
only then to their children
Bv_44g
parents needing
financial help
should first turn to their children and
only then to the government
cr_regio
Region
Czech Republic
207
Name
variable
cr_cf1_3
Label
variable
Number of planned children in
future
cr_v16
To have enough income
crcq9a2y
Year of birth of second child
crcq9a3y
Year of birth of third child
crcq9a4y
Year of birth of fourth child
cr_cq13
Household net income per month
Value
category
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5+
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Comments
Woman over 50
Does not plan additional children
No answer
1
2
3
4
5+
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
0
1
0
1
0
1
Up to 2000
Up to 2001
Up to 2000
Up to 2001
Up to 2000
Up to 2001
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Unknown
<7000 Kè
7001-9500
9501-12000
12001-14000
14001-17000
17001-20000
20001-23000
23001-27000
27001-34000
34001+
Amounts have to be converted in Euros
208
Name
variable
cr_w1
Label
variable
Designová váha (weight)
Value
category
numeric
e_a16
For how many years should
government policies with respect to
marriage and family be planned?
Numeric
e_a17
How do you rate government
policies with respect to marriage and
family over past ten years?
1
2
3
4
e_b20
For how many years should
government policies with respect to
children be planned?
Numeric
e_b21
How do you rate government
policies with respect to children over
past ten years?
1
2
3
4
e_c13
For how many years should
government policies with respect to
gender equality be planned?
For how many years should
government policies with respect to
reconciling work and parenthood be
planned?
Numeric
e_c14
e_c15
How do you rate government
policies with respect to gender
equality over past ten years?
Label
Category
Comments
Estonia
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
Numeric
1
2
3
4
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
209
Name
variable
e_c16
Label
variable
How do you rate government
policies with respect to reconciling
work and motherhood over past ten
years?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
e_c17
How do you rate government
policies with respect to reconciling
work and fatherhood over past ten
years?
1
2
3
4
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
e_d19
For how many years should
government policies with respect to
pension scheme be planned?
Numeric
e_d20
How do you rate government
policies with respect to pension
scheme over past ten years?
e_e12
For how many years should
government policies with respect to
foreign origin population be
planned?
How do you rate government
policies with respect to foreign
origin population over past ten
years?
e_e13
F_area
Geographical area
1
2
3
4
Label
Category
Comments
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
Numeric
1
2
3
4
51
52
53
54
55
Very efficient
Rather efficient
Rather inefficient
Completely inefficient
Finland: South
Finland: West
Finland: East
Finland: Centre/North
Finland: North
Finland
210
Name
variable
F_muntyp
Label
variable
Type of municipality
Value
category
F_utype
Type of union
F_ybchl
Year of birth of the youngest child
of the respondent
Use of maternity/paternity leave
1
2
3
4
numeric
F_cf12c
F_cf12d
F_agechl
F_cq13b
g_m6j
Use of maternity/paternity leave of
partner
Age of the youngest child in the
household
Annual total disposable income of
the household in Euro
Possibility for foreigners to bring
their children to Germany should be
more restricted
g_m6k
It should be made easier for
well)educated foreigners to work in
Germany
g_m1a
First identified group of foreigners
Label
Category
Comments
Urban
Semi-urban
Rural
No union
Consensual union
Marriage
Living-apart-together
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
numeric
Yes
No
Yes
No
<3
3-6
7-17
18+
no children
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1 to 41
98
99
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
See table
Germany
211
Name
variable
g_m1b
Label
variable
Second identified group of
foreigners
g_m1c
Third identified group of foreigners
g_cl1j
Opinion on the new possibility for
same-sex couples
g_cl5h
It is also possible to be happy
without children
g_cf6e
Consequences: I certainly don t want
a(nother) child
g_cf6f
Consequences: I think that
implementation of measures should
be taken for granted
(Self-)employment status of
respondent
g_cq14
g_cq16_1
g_cq16_2
g_cq16_3
Stopped working: Because of
marriage
Stopped working: Became pregnant,
gave birth
Stopped working: Household duties
too taxing
Value
category
1 to 41
98
99
1 to 41
98
99
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
Label
Category
Comments
See table
See table
Excellent
Good
Neither good, nor bad
Bad
Very bad
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Agree
Disagree
No opinion
Agree
Disagree
No opinion
Yes, full-time job
Yes, part-time job with more than 10h
Yes, part-time job with less than 10h
No, I don’t have a job
Student
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
212
Name
variable
g_cq16_4
Label
variable
Stopped working: Too difficult
because of children
Value
category
1
2
g_cq16_5
Label
Category
No
Yes
Stopped working: No longer
financially necessary
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq16_6
Stopped working: My partner did
not want me to work
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq16_7
Stopped working: Became
unemployed
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq16_8
Stopped working: Was declared
medically unfit
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq16_9
Stopped working: Retired/early
retirement
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq16_a
Stopped working: Other
g_cq17_1
Reason never worked: Prefer
housework to working outside
1
2
1
2
No
Yes
No
Yes
g_cq17_2
Reason never worked: Now
housework, not sure will start
working
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq17_3
Reason never worked: Now
housework, want to start working
outside
1
2
No
Yes
g_cq17_4
Reason never worked: Not been able
to find a suitable job
1
2
No
Yes
Comments
213
Name
variable
g_cq17_5
Label
variable
Reason never worked: I study
g_cq17_6
Reason never worked: I am retired
g_cq17_7
Reason never worked: Other
g_cq18
(Self)employment of partner
g_cf2l
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: My partnership doesn’t work
very well
g_cf14a
What did your partner do after last
maternity/parental leave?
Value
category
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
-8
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
g_cq1y
Modified year of birth of respondent
3
4
Numeric
g_cq3a
Modified year of current marriage
numeric
g_cq4a
Modified year of start living together
numeric
g_v2a
Preferred number of children: having
enough time for yourself
1
2
3
4
Label
Category
Comments
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes, full-time job
Yes, part-time job with more than 10h
Yes, part-time job with less than 10h
Stopped working
Never worked
Partner is student
Male respondent without partner
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Stopped working completely
Stopped working temporarily, continued
later
Started working less hours than before
Continued working same number of hours
Contains information of year and month and is
calculated as follows: year – ((month – 0.5)/12)
Contains information of year and month and is
calculated as follows: year – ((month – 0.5)/12)
Contains information of year and month and is
calculated as follows: year – ((month – 0.5)/12)
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
214
Name
variable
g_v2b
Label
variable
Preferred number of children: living
with your partner in harmony
g_v2d
Preferred number of children: being
appreciated and respected
g_v2e
Preferred number of children: having
enough time for your friends
g_v2f
Preferred number of children: having
enough income/money
g_v2g
Preferred number of children: having
holidays at least once a year
g_v2h
Preferred number of children: living
in a nice, spacious house
g_v2i
Preferred number of children:
striving for self-fulfillment
g_v2j
Preferred number of children:
husband and wife both earning
Value
category
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Label
Category
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Comments
215
Name
variable
g_v2l
Label
variable
Preferred number of children: even
spread of housework
g_v2m
Preferred number of children: love
and attention to your child
g_v2n
Preferred number of children: having
a career
g_v2o
Preferred number of children: time
for housework and full-time job
g_v2p
Preferred number of children: a good
education for your children
g_h1a_1
g_h1a_2
g_h1a_3
g_h1a_4
g_h1a_5
In case of an unexpected problem
my spouse/partner could be called
upon
In case of an unexpected problem
my daughter could be called upon
In case of an unexpected problem
my son could be called upon
In case of an unexpected problem a
female friend could be called upon
In case of an unexpected problem a
male friend could be called upon
Value
category
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Label
Category
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two or more children
Does not matter how many
No
Yes
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Comments
216
Name
variable
g_h1a_6
g_h1a_7
g_h1a_8
g_h1a_9
g_h1a_a
g_h2_1
g_h2_2
g_h2_3
g_h2_4
g_h2_5
g_h2_6
g_h2_7
g_h2_8
g_h2_9
g_h2_10
g_h2_11
Label
variable
In case of an unexpected problem a
female relative could be called upon
In case of an unexpected problem a
male relative could be called upon
In case of an unexpected problem a
female neighbour could be called
upon
In case of an unexpected problem a
male neighbour could be called upon
In case of an unexpected problem
others could be called upon
Health care or daily care in old age:
my spouse/partner
Health care or daily care in old age:
my daughter
Health care or daily care in old age:
my son
Health care or daily care in old age:
a female friend
Health care or daily care in old age:
a male friend
Health care or daily care in old age:
a female relative
Health care or daily care in old age:
a male relative
Health care or daily care in old age:
a female neighbour
Health care or daily care in old age:
a male neighbour
Health care or daily care in old age:
others
Health care or daily care in old age:
nobody
Value
category
1
2
1
2
1
2
Label
Category
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Comments
217
Name
variable
g_cq1y_p
Label
variable
Year of birth of partner
Value
category
numeric
g_cq1m_p
Month of birth of partner
numeric
Modified year of birth of partner
numeric
g_s1a
Estimated life expectancy of women
numeric
g_s1b
Estimated life expectancy of men
numeric
g_s2
Expected personal life expectancy
numeric
g_s3
Desired personal life expectancy
numeric
g_cq5_a
Place/country of birth
Germany – old Länder
Germany – new Länder
Former German eastern territory
Other states of Western Europe
Turkey
Former socialist states of Eastern Europe
Other countries
g_cq5_b
Year of immigration (of foreign born
people)
Country of growing up until the age
of 16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Numeric
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Germany – old Länder
Germany – new Länder
Former German eastern territory
Other states of Western Europe
Turkey
Former socialist states of Eastern Europe
Other countries
g_cq1yp
g_cq5_c
Label
Category
Comments
Contains information of year and month and is
calculated as follows: year – ((month – 0.5)/12)
218
Name
variable
g_s4
Label
variable
Current occupation
g_region
West/East
g_wght1
Ratio West/East
Numeric
g_wght2
Social weight
numeric
Monthly net income (after tax) of the
household (HUF)
Monthly net income categories
(EURO)
numeric
h_23
h_23a
h_52a
Satisfaction with household chores
sharing
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
61
62
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Comments
Wage earner
Salaried employee
Public official, judge, professional soldier
Academic liberal profession
Self-employed
Farmer
Receiving education and training
Never been employed
Germany: West
Germany: East
Hungary
120 Euro or less
121-160
161-200
201-240
241-280
281-320
321-360
361-400
401-600
601-800
801+
Completely dissatisfied
Completely satisfied
219
Name
variable
h_52b
Label
variable
Satisfaction with managing money
h_52c
Satisfaction with sexual relationship
h_52d
Satisfaction with relationship to
close relatives
h_52e
Satisfaction with caring and love
receiving from partner
h_53a
How often do you speak to partner?
h_53b
How often do you go out, recreate
with your partner?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
category
Completely dissatisfied
Comments
Completely satisfied
Completely dissatisfied
Completely satisfied
Completely dissatisfied
Completely satisfied
Completely dissatisfied
Completely satisfied
Never
Once or twice a month
A few times a month
Once or twice a week
Several times a week
Daily
Never
Once or twice a month
A few times a month
Once or twice a week
Several times a week
Daily
220
Name
variable
h_53c
Label
variable
How often do you perform any kind
of work with your partner?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
Never
Once or twice a month
A few times a month
Once or twice a week
Several times a week
Daily
h_53d
How often have you a major quarrel
with your partner?
1
2
3
4
5
6
Never
Once or twice a month
A few times a month
Once or twice a week
Several times a week
Daily
h_55
What do you usually do after a
major disagreement?
1
Rather unwilling to share your opinion to
avoid any quarrel
Calmly negotiate about what you think
Violent clash of view with shouting
Resort to force
Other
Yes
No
Will surely be over
h_56
h_57
Have you ever thought that your
relationship may be ended?
Chance of the relationship being
everlasting
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Label
category
Comments
Will last forever
221
Name
variable
h_58
Label
variable
What would you do if you had
another chance?
4
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Label
category
Would choose your current partner
Would look for somebody else
Would not get married/live in
cohabitation
Other
Yes
No
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
My parents would support me
anyway
1
2
Not selected
Selected
h_78e
I do no need my parents support
h_78f
I take it for granted what my parents
do for me
I hope I will not have been in need
of my parents' support for
My parents are glad to be able to
support me
It often occurs to me why do my
parents support me
I appreciate my parents' support
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
h_69
Do you live apart from your parents?
h_78a
h_78b
It is the obligation of parents to
support their child
I am in need of my parent's support
h_78c
I am afraid I abuse my parents
h_78d
h_78g
h_78h
h_78i
h_78j
h_78k
Without the support of my parents I
would have had difficulties to
survive
Value
category
1
2
3
Comments
222
Name
variable
h_78l
h_78m
h_78n
h_78o
h_70
Label
variable
My grandparents gave much support
to my parents, so they also support
me
When my parents grow old I will
support them
I will give support to my children
too
My parents wanted to give me more
support but they were not able to
What time does it take to get to your
parents' place?
h_71
How often do you visit your parents?
h_72
How often do you call them or write
letters?
Value
category
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Label
Category
Comments
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Not selected
Selected
Less than 15 minutes
15-30 minutes
30-60 minutes
1-2 hours
2-3 hours
3-5 hours
5-12 hours
Over 12 hours
Daily
Several times a week
Once a week
Once a month
Several times a year
Less frequently
Never
Daily
Several times a week
Once a week
Once a month
Several times a year
Less frequently
Never
223
Name
variable
h_73
Label
variable
Do your parents give you financial
support regularly?
h_73a
How much, on average, do you get
per month? (HUF)
How much did you get in 2000
roughly? (HUF)
The financial support you get from
your parents is
h_73b
h_74
h_75a
Parents' contribution to building or
buying a house
h_75b
Parents' contribution to furnishing
your room
h_75c
Parents' contribution to buying a car
h_76a
Do your parents help you with
washing, ironing?
h_76b
Do your parents help you with
cleaning up your room or house?
Value
category
1
2
3
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
No
Several times a year
Every month
Numeric
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
A major burden hardly manageable
A manageable burden
Not a burden for them
Other
Got not such an expense
No contribution
Limited contribution
Considerable contribution
Got not such an expense
No contribution
Limited contribution
Considerable contribution
Got not such an expense
No contribution
Limited contribution
Considerable contribution
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
224
Name
variable
h_76c
Label
variable
Do your parents help you with
cooking?
h_76d
Do parents invite you during the
weekend?
h_76e
Do your parents help you with
bathing your children?
h_76f
Do your parents help you with
looking after your children?
h_76g
Do your parents help you with
taking care of your child on
holidays?
h_76h
Do your parents support you with
helping in any other activity?
Value
category
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
Label
Category
Comments
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
Parents died
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Always
225
Name
variable
h_77a
Label
variable
Do parents help you by providing
home-grown vegetables, fruit?
h_77b
Do parents help you by giving meat
products of home-raised animals?
h_23euro
Monthly net income (after tax) of the
household (EURO)
Average amount of financial support
from parents per month? (EURO)
Amount of financial support from
parents in 2000? (EURO)
h_73aeur
h_73beur
i_cl5
Children make you feel necessary
and important
i_cf2_1
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I don't feel ready
i_cf2_2
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I don't have my own
home/fixed residence
Value
category
0
1
2
3
8
0
1
2
3
8
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
They cannot
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Farming together
They cannot
Never
Rarely
Frequently
Farming together
Numeric
Numeric
1
2
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
1
2
3
4
5
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Italy
226
Name
variable
i_cf2_3
i_cf6e
i_cf6f
i_cq9a
i_cq18.1
i_cq22
Label
variable
Other reason (specify)
Consequences of implementation of
desired measures: I wouldn't like to
have (more) children
Consequences of implementation of
desired measures: No measure
would make me change my mind
Number of own children
Part-time working partner: number
of hours/week working
Professional position
i_cq22a
Do you work with a private firm or
for the civil service?
i_cq23
Do you have children?
i_g13
Should men do half of the household
chores?
Value
category
Label
Category
1
2
3
1
2
3
Agree
Disagree
No opinion
Agree
Disagree
No opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Entrepreneur
Professional
Top and middle manager
Employee
Teacher
Worker
Tradesman or artisan
Other
Private firm
Civil service
Other
No answer
Yes
No
Yes, always and in any case
Yes, but only if the woman works
Only if the man is unemployed
Yes, but only when necessary
No, this is not the task of a man
Men are not suited to household chores
Don’t know
Comments
227
Name
variable
i_v2l
Label
variable
Preferred number of children: career
advancement
l_ci4a1
In your opinion, how many
inhabitants departed from Lithuania
last year legally?
In your opinion, how many
inhabitants departed from Lithuania
last year illegally?
How many children you (or did you)
want to have?
l_ci4a2
l_cf3a
l_cf9a
What is your evaluation of the length
of maternity leave (56-70 days after
giving birth)?
l_cf9b
Are you insured with state social
insurance (SODRA)?
Are you or your partner currently on
a parental leave until child becomes
one year of age and receive an
allowance?
Have you ever had parental leave
until child becomes one year of age?
Have your partner ever had parental
leave until child becomes one year
of age?
l_cf10a
l_cf10b1
l_cf10b2
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Prefer no children
Prefer only one child
Prefer two children
Prefer Three or more children
Does not matter how many
Comments
Lithuania
12
15
23
34
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
1-2
1-5
2-3
3-4
I think it is too long
I think it is too short
I think it is adequate
I have no opinion
Yes
No
Yes
No
1
2
1
2
Yes
No
Yes
No
228
Name
variable
l_cf10c
Label
variable
What do you think about duration of
the parental leave until child
becomes one year of age?
l_cf10d
What do you think of the size of the
allowance a parent is entitled to
during the leave until the child is one
year of age?
Are you or your partner currently on
a parental leave to look after child
aged from one to three and receive
an allowance?
Have you ever been on child care
leave to look after child aged from
one to three?
Have your partner ever been on child
care leave to look after child aged
from one to three?
What do you think about the length
of child care leave to look after
children aged from one to three?
l_cf11a
l_cf11b1
l_cf11b2
l_cf11c
l_cf11d
l_cf11e
What do you think about the size of
allowance paid during the child care
leave to look after children aged
from one to three?
What do you think of the size of
allowance paid to families which
look after children without parental
care?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
Label
Category
I think it is too long
I think it is too short
I think it is adequate
I have no opinion
It is too low
It is too high
It is sufficient
I have no opinion
Yes
No
1
2
Yes
No
1
2
Yes
No
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
I think it is too long
I think it is too short
I think it is adequate
I don’t know
It is too small
It is too large
It is sufficient
I don’t know
It is too small
It is too large
It is sufficient
I don’t know
Comments
229
Name
variable
l_cf11f
l_cf14a
Label
variable
What do you think of the size of
allowance paid to families with
children under three years of age
where the mother is not insured with
state insurance (SODRA)?
What did you do immediately after
your (your partner's) (latest)
maternity leave (56- or 70 days after
childbirth)?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
l_cf14b
What did you do immediately after
your (your partner's) (latest) child
care leave until the child is one year
of age?
5
1
2
3
4
l_cf14c
What did you do immediately after
your (your partner's) (latest) child
care leave to look after child aged
from one to three?
5
1
2
3
4
l_a4i
Daily help for elderly is best
entrusted to
government/municipalities
l_a6d
Are you retired already?
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Label
Category
Comments
It is too small
It is too large
It is sufficient
I don’t know
Stopped working altogether
Stopped working for some time
Started working shorter hours than before
Continued working the same or even
longer hours
It doe not apply to my situation
Stopped working altogether
Stopped working for some time
Started working shorter hours than before
Continued working the same or even
longer hours
It doe not apply to my situation
Stopped working altogether
Stopped working for some time
Started working shorter hours than before
Continued working the same or even
longer hours
It doe not apply to my situation
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Yes
No
230
Name
variable
l_b2k1
Label
variable
In your opinion, what childcare
arrangements should be made for
pre-school age children before age
3?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
l_b2k2
In your opinion, what childcare
arrangements should be made for
pre-school age children after age 3?
1
2
3
4
5
l_cq5c
What is your ethnicity?
l_cq5d
What is the ethnicity of your
spouse/partner?
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Label
Category
Crèche/kindergarten all day
Crèche/kindergarten part of day
At home only, with nanny
At home only, family members, working
parents
At home only, non-working mother
(father)
Other
Don’t know
Comments
Crèche/kindergarten all day
Crèche/kindergarten part of day
At home only, with nanny
At home only, family members, working
parents
At home only, non-working mother
(father)
Other
Don’t know
Lithuanian
Russian
Pole
Byelorussian
Ukrainian
Jew
Other
Lithuanian
Russian
Pole
Byelorussian
Ukrainian
Jew
Other
231
Name
variable
NL_nohh
Label
variable
Household number Netherlands
nl_nomem
Household member number
Netherlands
Selection of one person per
household (codes 0 and 1)
nl_selec
nl_prov
Province (12 codes, 2 digits)
nl_regio
Regional division (4 codes, 1 digit)
nl_ses
Socio-economic status of the
household (5 codes)
nl_ci1b
Government’s responsibility: That
people can have the no. of children
they want (coding as in Ci1)
Value
category
Label
Category
Comments
Netherlands
Sometimes more than 1 person in the household
participates in the survey (e.g. both partners). For
some analyses a selection of one person is therefore
needed. Make a selection on: NL_SELECT = 1.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
101
102
103
104
1
…
5
1
2
3
4
5
Groningen
Friesland
Drenthe
Overijssel
Flevoland
Gelderland
Utrecht
North Holland
South Holland
Zealand
North Brabant
Limburg
Netherlands : North
Netherlands : East
Netherlands: West
Netherlands: South
High
Based on income, education and occupation of head of
household.
Low
Completely responsible
Quire responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
232
Name
variable
nl_cf1b
Label
variable
Pregnant or partner pregnant
nl_cf1x
Do you intend to have a(nother)
child in the future?
nl_cq14
(Self-)employment status of
respondent
nl_cq18b
Average number of hours worked
per week by partner
Type of place of residence
nl_cq19
nl_a3a
Society should primarily take care of
the elderly by creating proper
institutions and services
nl_a3g
Old people should live in old
people’s homes only when there is
no family who can take care of them
nl_a3f
With small children, you should not
also have to care for your aged
parents
Value
category
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Yes
No
No
Don’t know, uncertain
Yes
I am/my partner is pregnant
I cannot have any more
Yes, full-time job
Yes, part-time job > 10 hours
Yes, part-time job < 10 hours
No, I don’t have a job
Casual work
Comments
Original variable has been replaced by corrected
variable
>225.000
100.000-225.000
<100.000
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
233
Name
variable
nl_a3i
Label
variable
It is not the task of the children to
care for their aged parents
nl_a3c
It is a duty of the relatives to take
care of the elderly
nl_a3b
Children should take care of the
elderly
nl_a3d
I would like my aged parents to live
with me
nl_a3e
If one of them was in need, I would
ask my aged parents to live with me
nl_a3fb
It is not possible to care for your old
parents too if you have small
children
P_cq6cd
Household composition: children
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Label
Category
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Yes
No
Comments
Poland
234
Name
variable
P_coureg
Label
variable
Geographical area
P_ck2k
Marriage
postponement/renouncement
because of prolonged schooling
P_cf13a
72-months long parental leave for
parents of disabled children
p-rccq6
Household composition
P_g4a
Having a child is the only way for a
woman to be fulfilled
Value
category
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
Comments
Dolnośląskie
Kujawsko-Pomorskie
Lubelskie
Lubuskie
Łodzkie
Małopolskie
Opolskie
Podkarpackie
Podlaskie
Pomorskie
Śląskie
Świętokrzyskie
Warmińsko-Mazurskie
Wielkopolskie
Zachodniopomorskie
Very important
Important
Neither important nor unimportant
Unimportant
Very unimportant
Too long
Too short
Sufficient
Single-person household
Couple without children (± other persons)
Couple with children (± other persons)
One-parent household (± other persons)
Other
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
235
Name
variable
P_g4b
Label
variable
Women, like men, can be fulfilled
without having children
P_g4d
After marriage, before they give
birth to a child
P_g4e
when children are not yet enrolled in
primary school
P_g4f
When children go to school
P_g4g
When children are already grown-up
P_g5a
Women have the same changes as
men to pursue career
P_g5b
Family policies concerning children
are sufficient to provide equal
chances for women on the labour
market
Women are usually been paid less
than men in equal positions on the
labour market
Mothers who had parental leave face
difficulties to regain their former
P_g5c
P_g5d
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
Label
Category
Comments
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Full-time
Part-time
Not work at all
Difficult to say
Full-time
Part-time
Not work at all
Difficult to say
Full-time
Part-time
Not work at all
Difficult to say
Full-time
Part-time
Not work at all
Difficult to say
True
False
No opinion
True
False
No opinion
True
False
No opinion
True
False
236
professional position
Name
variable
P_g5e
Label
variable
If there is shortage of jobs men are
more entitled to take them
P_g2g
For a father a part-time job is the
best way to reconcile family and
work
P_g2h
In general, man is expected to have a
job
P_g2i
For men the job should be more
important than the family
P_g13a
preparing meals
3
Value
category
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No opinion
Label
Category
Comments
True
False
No opinion
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
outside the household
237
Name
variable
P_g13b
Label
variable
cleaning
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P_g13c
shopping
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P_g13d
washing the dishes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label
Category
Comments
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
outside the household
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
outside the household
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
238
outside the household
Name
variable
P_g13e
Label
variable
laundry
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P_g13f
arranging administrative affairs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P_g13g
keeping the budget
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Label
category
Comments
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
outside the household
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
outside the household
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
239
outside the household
Name
variable
P_g13h
Label
variable
make payments
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
3
Usually me
Usually my partner
Usually a grandparent
Usually another member of the household
Usually another person from outside the
household
By me and my partner
By me and somebody else from outside
the household
By my partner and somebody else from
outside the household
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
True
False
No opinion
True
False
No opinion
1
2
3
1
2
3
True
False
No opinion
True
False
No opinion
6
7
8
P_b1d
Contact with other children in daycare centres is beneficial for the
development of the child
R_g13a
Women have the same chances as
men to pursue a career.
R_g13b
Family politics concerning children
(provision of day-care facilities,
child allowance and so on) are
sufficient to provide equal chances
for women in their job.
Women are usually been paid less
than men in equal positions on the
labour market.
Mothers who had parental leave will
face difficulties to reach their former
professional position.
R_g13c
R_g13d
Label
category
Comments
Romania
240
Name
variable
R_g14
R_b5
R_ci1h
Label
variable
Do you think man should have equal
responsibilities in the household
only in some cases or at all
Have you ever used childcare
facilities?
’Governments responsibility: Taking
care of the children with special
needs
R_ci2j
Recent versus earlier governmental
attention for children with special
needs
R_d13a
Having children 0-4
R_d13b
Having children 5-10
R_d13c
Having children 11-15
R_d13d
Having children 16-18
R_d18
Ethnicity of respondent
Value
category
1
2
3
Label
Category
4
5
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
Yes, in all cases
Yes, but only if the woman is working
Only if the man is unemployed or has a
less demanding job
No, it is not a man’s duty
Don’t know
Yes
No
Completely responsible
Quite responsible
Responsible
Slightly responsible
Not responsible
Less
Equal
More
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Romanian
Hungarian
Roma
German
Jewish
Other
Comments
241
R_d14
Name
variable
R_d16
Type of dwelling
Label
variable
Main shopper
R_d17
Household income in the last month
in thousand ROL
R_d5
Education of respondent
R_d6
Year of last graduation of
respondent
R_d9
Education of partner
R_d10
Year of last graduation of partner
1
2
Value
category
1
2
Numeric
Own property
Rented/social housing
Label
Category
Yes
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Numeric
97
98
99
None or less than 7 grades
7-8 grades (gymnasium)
First two grades of high school
Vocational school
High school
Post-high school or college
University/post-university degree
Year
Illiterate
Still studying
Don’t know/NA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Numeric
97
98
None or less than 7 grades
7-8 grades (gymnasium)
First two grades of high school
Vocational school
High school
Post-high school or college
University/post-university degree
Year
Illiterate
Still studying
Comments
242
99
Name
variable
R_d7
Label
variable
Occupation of respondent
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Don’t know/NA
Label
category
Business proprietor, owner of
company/shop, craftsman, other selfemployed person that has 6 or more
employees
Business proprietor, owner of
company/shop, craftsman, other selfemployed person that has 5 or less
employees
Professional (e.g. Doctor, Lawyer,
Accountant, Architect, etc)
Farmer/Fisherman
General management (Exec./M.D.,
Officer, Mgr.) responsible for 6 or more
employees
General management (Exec./M.D.,
Officer, Mgr.) responsible for 5 or less
employees
Middle management (Dept./Branch Head,
Junior Mgr.) responsible for 6 or more
employees
Middle management (Dept./Branch Head,
Junior Mgr.) responsible for 5 or less
employees
Professional (e.g. Doctor, Lawyer,
Accountant, Architect, etc)
Other non-manual employee in office
Other non-manual employee not in an
office
Working as a foreman or in a supervisory
capacity =code
Manual worker with formal training to
Comments
243
14
15
16
17
18
19
R_strata3
Social status
R_d2
Age as declared by respondent
s_reg
Slovenian regions
s_d2
Age
s_cq21a
Completed level of education
20
1
2
3
9
numeric
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
numeric
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
acquire specific skills
Manual worker without formal training to
acquire specific skills
Pupil, student
Unemployed
Illness or maternity leave
Military service
Housewife, responsible for ordinary
shopping and looking after the home
Retired
High – category AB
Medium – category C
Low – category DE
No answer
Osrednja Slovenija
Gorenjska
Goriška
Obalno kraška
Dolenjska
Savinjska
Štajerska
Pomurska
Slovenia
Not completed primary school
Primary school
One- or two-year vocational secondary
school -short programme
Two- or three-year vocational secondary
school
Four- or five-year secondary schoolvocational/grammar school
University, 2-3 year programme
University, 4-5 year programme
244
8
9
Name
variable
s_cq12
s_cq13a
Label
variable
Major sources of income for a
household
Incomes per month for a household
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
17
24
25
29
88
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Master degree or doctorate
No information
Label
category
Income from employment
Income from agriculture
Income from entrepreneurship
Income from capital
Old-age pension (mandatory insurance)
Private pension (voluntary insurance),
life-annuity
Social assistance
Unemployment benefits
General disability benefit
Other social security benefits
Educational grant
Maintained by parents/foster parents
Casual work
Partner's pension
Maintained by partner
Refusal
Maintained by good people
No information
Up to 50.000 SIT
50.000-100.000 SIT
100.000-150.000 SIT
150.000-200.000 SIT
200.000-250.000 SIT
250.000-300.000 SIT
300.000-350.000 SIT
350.000-400.000 SIT
More than 400.000 SIT
Don’t know
Refusal
Comments
245
Name
variable
s_cq14
s_cq18
s_m1a
Label
variable
(Self)employment - respondent
(Self)employment - partner
Which group do you think of when
we speak of a foreigner in our
country?
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Label
category
Yes, I have a permanent full-time job
Yes, I have a temporary full-time job
Yes, I have a permanent part-time job
Yes, I have a temporary part-time job
No, I don't have a job
No information
Does not apply, because I have no partner
Yes, he/she has a permanent full-time job
Yes, he/she has a temporary full-time job
Yes, he/she has a permanent part-time job
Yes, he/she has a temporary part-time job
No, he/she did work in the past, but
he/she stopped working
No, he/she never had a job
No information
Don’t know
Refugees
Croats
Bosnians
Albanians
Serbs
Romanians
Hungarians
Shiptars-Albanians
Italians
Citizens of other countries
Bulgarians
Gipsies
Jews
Residents of former Yugoslavia /
Comments
246
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Southerners
Englishmen
All from Europe
African countries
Southern brothers
Chinese
All, without Slovenian citizenship
Immigrants
Turks
Other nationalities
Students from foreign countries
Chefurs
Representatives of foreign countries,
ambassadors
Germans
Yugoslavs (immigrants)
Asians
Muslims
Emigrants
Groups from the South
Minorities (Italian, Hungarian)
Foreign diplomats
Macedonians
Austrians
Montenegrins
Slovenes from foreign countries
Czechs
Ukrainian women
Illegal
Individuals working temporarily
Yugoslav citizens
From the West
Kosovo
Tourists
Bajuk-Slovenian politician
Dark-skinned
247
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Someone who doesn't speak Slovene
The difference in colour of the skin
People with different cultures
People who make troubles (asylum
seekers)
Temporarily in Slovenia
Americans
Albanians from Kosovo
Members of the Orthodox Church
Economic immigrants
Those who are not from ex-Yugoslavia
On myself
The Dutch
Asylum seekers
Women who are imported
Mafia, gangsters
Employment seekers
Homeless persons
Intelligent people
Frenchmen
Japanese
Physicians
Iranians
Greeks
Koreans
Arabs
Russians
Those who do not speak Slovene
Nobody is foreigner
Those, who are not assimilated
Extortionists
Blackguards
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
For me all are foreigners
Kurds
248
85
86
87
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
s_m1b
s_m1c
Which group do you think of when
we speak of a foreigner in our
country?
Which group do you think of when
we speak of a foreigner in our
country?
Indians
People from the East
Poles
Street actors, singers, musicians
From western Europe
Those who are unknown for me
All who got our citizenship but didn't
deserve it
Residents from other continents
People from poorer countries
Dalmatians
Singapore
Idem
Idem
idem
idem
249
4. Recoded variables
Name
variable
RCCTRY
Label
variable
Country (with East and West
Germany)
RCCTRYE
Country
(EUROSTAT
nomenclature with East- and
West-Germany)
Value
category
10
20
30
40
50
61
62
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
10
20
31
32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
Label
category
Comments
Austria
Belgium (Flanders)
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
Eastern Germany
Western Germany
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
The Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Cyprus
Belgium (Flanders)
Czech Republic
Eastern Germany
Western Germany
Estonia
Italy
Cyprus
Lithuania
Hungary
The Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Finland
250
Name
variable
RCEAWE1
Label
variable
Eastern and Western Europe
RCEAWE2
Eastern and Western Europe
RCREGION Region
Value
category
1
2
1
2
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
51
52
53
54
55
61
62
101
102
103
104
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
Label
category
Eastern European countries
Western European countries
Eastern European countries
Western European countries
Czech Republic: Praha
Czech Republic: Støedoèeský
Czech Republic: Jihoèeský
Czech Republic:Západoèeský
Czech Republic: Severoèeský
Czech Republic: Východoèeský
Czech Republic: Jihomoravský
Czech Republic: Severomoravský
Finland: South
Finland: West
Finland: East
Finland: Centre/North
Finland: North
Germany: West
Germany: East
Netherlands: North
Netherlands: East
Netherlands: West
Netherlands: South
Slovenia: Osrednja Slovenija
Slovenia: Gorenjska
Slovenia: Goriska
Slovenia: Obalno kraska
Slovenia: Dolenjska
Slovenia: Savinjska
Slovenia: Stajerska
Slovenia: Pomurska
Comments
Former Eastern territories of Germany are included in code
2
Former Eastern territories of Germany are included in code
1
Only available for CR, F, G, N and S
251
Name
variable
RCCI3ACT
Label
variable
Actual national population size in
2000 (in millions)
Value
category
Numeric
RCCI3EST
PPAS estimated population size
numeric
RCCI3DE1
Percentage difference between
PPAS estimated population size
and actual one
numeric
RCCI3DE2
Percentage difference between
PPAS estimated population size
and actual one (3 categories)
1
2
3
RCCI5ACT
RCCI5EST
RCCI5DE1
RCCI5DE2
Actual percentage of aged
population (65+)
PPAS estimated percentage of
aged population (65+)
Percentage difference between the
PPAS estimated percentage of
aged population and the actual one
Percentage difference between the
PPAS estimated percentage of
aged population and the actual one
(6 categories)
Label
category
Estimated population size lies more
than 5% below the actual one
Estimated population size equals
more or less (±5%) the actual one
Estimated population size lies more
than 5% above the actual one
Numeric
Comments
This variable reproduces the national population size in
2000 (Council of Europe) (in millions with 3 decimals);
For Cyprus: national population size is limited to the
Southern part of the country (source: Cyprus Statistical
Office);
Select on country x
CI3 Recoded variable with missing = 0 for SPSS
computing.
Coded in millions with one decimal
(Estimated population size – actual population size) x
100/ actual population size
= {(RCCI3est – RCCI3ACT) x 100}/RCCI3ACT.
If RCCi3est ≠ 0
RCCI3DE2= RCC13DE1 regrouped in 3 categories
1 = lowest through –5,1
2 = -5 to +5
3 = 5,1 through highest
Numeric
See Council of Europe, 2001, p. 50 or national statistical
institute
Variable CI5, with missing = 0 (for computing)
Numeric
(RCCI5EST – RCCI5ACT) x 100/ RCCI5ACT
If RCCI5EST ≠ 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
<-10%
-10% to +10%
10% to 50%
50% to 100%
100% to 200%
> 200%
RCCI5DE1 in 6 categories
252
Name
variable
RCCI5DE3
Label
variable
Percentage difference between the
PPAS estimated percentage of
aged population and the actual one
(3 categories)
Value
category
1
2
3
RCCI6ACT
UN projected population size in
2020
Numeric
RCCI6DE1
Percentage difference between the
UN projection 2020 and
population size 2000
Percentage difference between the
UN projection 2020 and
population size 2000 (3 categories)
Numeric
RCCI6DE2
RCCI6
RCCI6DE3
What do you expect in twenty
years about the size of the
population? (recoded)
Comparison of UN projected
difference and PPAS expected
difference in population size in 20
years (9 categories)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
11
12
13
21
22
23
31
32
33
Label
category
Percentage aged underestimated (< 10%)
Percentage aged correctly estimated
(±10%)
Percentage aged overestimated
(>10%)
< -5%
-1% to –5%
-1% to +1%
+1% to +5%
>+5%
Smaller
Almost the same
Larger
RCCI6 CCI6DE2
1
1 or 2
1
3
1
4 or 5
2
1 or 2
2
3
2
4 or 5
3
1 or 2
3
3
3
4 or 5
Comments
RCCI5DE2 in 3 categories
This variable reproduces the national population projection
2020 (medium variant) of the United Nations (in millions,
with three decimals) ; for Cyprus, the projected population
is limited to the southern part of the country (data from the
Cyprus Statistical Office)
The percentage difference between the UN projection 2020
and the population size in 2000 =
(RCCI6ACT – RCCI3ACT) x 100/RCCI3ACT
RCCI6DE1 in 5 categories:
Recoded variable with reversed codes 1 and 3 based on
CI6
Deviation
right
underestimated
underestimated
overestimated
right
underestimated
overestimated
overestimated
right
Comparison of UN projected difference and PPA
expected difference in population size in 20 years:
RCCI6DE2 x RCCI6
253
Name
variable
RCCI6DE4
RCCL1A
RCCL1B
RCCL1C
RCCL1D
RCCL1E
RCCL1F
RCCL1G
RCCL1H
RCCL1I
RCCL4A
Label
variable
Comparison of UN projected
difference and PPAS expected
difference in population size in 20
years (3 categories)
Opinion on the increasing number
of couples who live together
unmarried
Opinion on the increasing number
of couples who decide to remain
childless
Opinion on the declining number
of marriages
Opinion on the declining number
of births
Opinion on the increasing number
of children in a one-parent family
Opinion on the increasing number
of children being an only child
Opinion on the increasing number
of persons who live alone
Opinion on the increasing number
of births among unmarried couples
Opinion on the increasing number
of divorces
Marriage is an outdated institution
(recoded)
Value
category
Label
category
Comments
1
2
3
0
1
Underestimated
Correctly estimated
Overestimated
Other
Bad or very bad
RCCI6DE4 = RCCI6DE3 regrouped in 3 categories:
1 = 12 + 13 + 23
2 = 11 + 22 + 33
3 = 21 + 31 + 32
Based on CL1A
Not available for Romania.
0
1
Other
Bad or very bad
Based on CL1B
Not available for Romania.
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
2
3
Other
Bad or very bad
Other
Bad or very bad
Other
Bad or very bad
Other
Bad or very bad
Other
Bad or very bad
Other
Bad or very bad
Other
Bad or very bad
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Based on CL1C
Not available for Romania.
Based on CL1D
Not available for Romania.
Based on CL1E
Not available for Romania.
Based on CL1F
Not available for Romania.
Based on CL1G
Not available for Romania.
Based on CL1H
Not available for Romania.
Based on CL1I
Not available for Romania.
Rank order of codes has been changed.
Romania= not included.
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany, Lithuania,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
254
Name
variable
RCCL4B
RCCL4C
RCCL4D
RCCL4E
RCCL4F
Label
variable
A woman should be able to have a
child as a single parent, if she
desires so (recoded)
In the future more emphasis
should be placed on family life
(recoded)
A child needs a home with both a
father and a mother to grow up
happily (recoded)
Married people are generally
happier than unmarried (recoded)
People who want children ought to
get married (recoded)
Value
category
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Label
Category
Comments
Agree
Rank order of codes has been changed
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Rank order of codes has been changed
Lithuania,
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Rank order of codes has been changed
Lithuania,
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Rank order of codes has been changed
Lithuania,
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Rank order of codes has been changed
Lithuania,
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Lithuania,
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
255
Name
variable
RCCL4G
RCCL4H
RCCL4I
Label
variable
One parent can bring up a child as
well as two parents together
(recoded)
It is all right for a couple to live
together without intending to get
married (recoded)
1
2
3
Comments
Agree
Rank order of codes has been changed
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Rank order of codes has been changed
Lithuania,
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Rank order of codes has been changed
Lithuania,
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
RCCL5A
Only feel completely happy at
home with your children
0
1
RCCL5B
I always enjoy having children
near me
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on CL5B;
Not available for Romania.
RCCL5C
You can be perfectly satisfied with
life if you have been a good parent
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on CL5C;
Not available for Romania.
RCCL5D
I like having children because they
really need you
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on CL5D;
Not available for Romania.
Marriage is the only acceptable
way of living together for a man
and a woman (recoded)
1
2
3
Label
Category
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Agree
Rank order of codes has been changed
Neither agree nor disagree/no opinion
Don’t agree
Romania= not included.
Austria, Czech R, Finland, Germany,
Netherlands and Slovenia = no code 2
Other
Based on CL5A;
Agree or strongly agree
Not available for Romania.
RCCL4J
It is better to have a bad marriage
than no marriage at all (recoded)
Value
category
1
2
3
1
2
3
Lithuania,
Lithuania,
256
Name
variable
RCCL5E
Label
variable
It is your duty towards society to
have children
RCCL5F
RCCL5G
RCCF1
Value
category
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on CL5E;
Not available for Romania.
You can not be really happy
without having children
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on CL5F;
Not available for Romania.
The closest relationship you can
have with anyone is with your own
child
Intention or possibility to have
another child in the future
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on CL5G;
Not available for Romania.
1
2
3
Code 5 of variable CF1 and codes –8 and –9 of variable
CF1 for the women > 50 have been changed into code 1
(= no intention or possibility to …).
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
No
Don’t know, uncertain
Yes
I am/my partner is pregnant
No
Don’t know, uncertain
Yes
I am/my partner is pregnant
No
Don’t know, uncertain
Yes
I am/my partner is pregnant
I cannot have any more
0
1
Not pregnant
Pregnant
RCCF1w
Intention or possibility of female
respondents to have another child
in the future
RCCF150
Intention of respondents below age
50 to have another child in the
future
RCCF1PRE
Respondent or partner of
respondent is pregnant
Label
Category
Comments
This variable is selected on women of all ages.
Code 5 of variable CF1 and codes –8 and –9 of variable
CF1 for the women > 50 have been changed into code 1
(= no intention or possibility to …).
This variable is selected on male and female respondents <
age 50.
NB. Hungary: 499 males <50 have been coded as –8. The
Hungarian data for male respondents are consequently not
completely comparable to the data of the other countries.
Recoded variable based on CF1
257
Name
variable
RCCF1A
Label
variable
Additional number of children
expected (CF1 code 2→ RCCF1A
code 0)
Value
category
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
The aim is to make the data more comparable for the
different countries and to make optimally use of available
information to identify respondents who do not want or
cannot get any more children.
This variable is based on the combination of CF1 and
CF1A:
If CF1= 3 or 4, CF1A code 0 or code missing →
RCCF1A = 1; CF1A else copy
If CF1 = 1 or 2 or 5, CF1A code 0 or codes missing →
RCCF1A = 0; CF1A else copy
If respondent > 50 years, CF1A code 0 or codes missing
→ RCCF1A = 0; CF1A else copy.
NB1. Male respondents > 50 with missing codes have also
been given 0. (= overestimation of probably less than 1%).
RCCF1AX
Additional number of children
expected (CF1 code 2 → RCCF1A
code ‘don’t know’)
-7
0
1
etc
Don’t know
0
1
etc
NB. This variable probably overestimates the frequency of
0 children because CF1 code 2 (don’t know) has been
given code 0 in RCCF1A. It is suggested to use variable
RCCF1AY.
This variable is based on the combination of CF1 and
CF1A.:
If CF1= 3 or 4, CF1A code 0 or code missing →
RCCF1AX = 1; CF1A else copy
If CF1 = 1 or 5, CF1A code 0 or codes missing →
RCCF1AX = 0; CF1A else copy.
If CF1 = 2, CF1A code missing → RCCF1AX = -7 (don’t
know); CF1A else copy.
If respondent > 50 years, CF1A code 0 or codes missing
→ RCCF1AX = 0; CF1A else copy.
NB1. Male respondents > 50 with missing codes have also
been given 0. (= overestimation of probably less than 1%).
NB. This variable identifies the category ‘don’t know’.
258
Name
variable
RCCF1AX2
RCCF1AY
Label
variable
Additional number of children
expected (CF1 code 2 →
RCCF1AY code missing)
Value
category
-7
0
1 or more
numeric
RCCF1AI
Minimum additional number of
children expected
numeric
RCCF1AA
Maximum additional number of
children expected
numeric
Label
Category
Comments
Don’t know
0
1
This variable is based on the combination of CF1 and
CF1A.:
If CF1= 3 or 4, CF1A code 0 or code missing →
RCCF1AY = 1; CF1A else copy
If CF1 = 1 or 5, CF1A code 0 or codes missing →
RCCF1AY = 0; CF1A else copy.
If CF1 = 2, CF1A code missing → RCCF1AY =
missing); CF1A else copy.
If respondent > 50 years, CF1A code 0 or codes missing
→ RCCF1AY = 0; CF1A else copy.
NB1. Male respondents > 50 with missing codes have also
been given 0. (= overestimation of probably less than 1%).
NB. This variable classifies the category ‘don’t know’
from variable RCCF1AX as ‘missing’.
Based on RCCF1AY.
The following codes of RCCF1AY have been changed as:
1.5 = 1
2.5 = 2
3.5 = 3
4.5 = 4
Based on RCCF1AY.
The following codes of RCCF1AY have been changed as:
1.5 = 2
2.5 = 3
3.5 = 4
4.5 = 5
259
Name
Label
variable
variable
RCCF1AA2 Maximum additional number of
children expected (regrouped)
RCCFQ
Current and additionally intended
children (regrouped)
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5+
1
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2B
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2C
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2D
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2E
4
5
6
RCCF2B
RCCF2C
RCCF2D
RCCF2E
Based on RCCF1AA
0
1
3
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I already have all the
children I want
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: My state of health does not
allow it
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I live alone and I don’t have
a steady partner
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: My job and professional
activities would not allow it
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I would have to give up
leisure-time interests
Comments
Based on combination of RCCQ9A2 and RCCF1AX2
Currently children, no additionally
intended children
Currently children, additionally
intended children
Currently children, unknown
additionally intended children
Currently no children, additionally
intended children
Currently no children, no additionally
intended children
Currently no children, unknown
additionally intended children
Other
Based on CF2A
Important or very important
2
RCCF2A
Label
Category
260
Name
variable
RCCF2F
RCCF2G
RCCF2H
RCCF2I
RCCF2J
RCCF2K
RCCF4A
RCCF4B
RCCF4C
RCCF4D
RCCF4E
Label
variable
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I want to maintain my
present standard of living
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: A(nother) child would cost
too much
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I am too concerned about
the future of my children
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I would not be able to enjoy
life as I have so far
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: I am/ my partner is too old
Value
category
0
1
Label
Category
Comments
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2F
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2G
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2H
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2I
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2J
Reason for not wanting a(nother)
child: My partner does not want
a(nother) child
Measures in favour of improved
parental leave arrangements for
working women
Measures in favour of lower
income tax for people with
dependent children
Measures in favour of better daycare facilities for children <3 years
0
1
Other
Important or very important
Based on CF2K
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4A
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4B
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4C
Measures in favour of better daycare facilities for children >3 years
Measures in favour of an incomedependent allowance for families
with children
0
1
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4D
Based on CF4E
261
Name
variable
RCCF4F
Label
variable
Measures in favour of an
allowance at the birth of each child
Value
category
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4F
RCCF4G
Measures in favour of an
allowance for parents who do not
take a job because they want to
take care of their young children
Measures in favour of a substantial
rise in child allowance
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4G
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4H
RCCF4I
Measures in favour of child-care
facilities for school-going children
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4I
RCCF4J
Measures in favour of flexible
working hours for working parents
with young children
Measures in favour of more and
better opportunities for parents
with young children to work parttime
Measures in favour of a substantial
decrease in the costs of education
Measures in favour of better
housing for families with children
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4J
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4K
0
1
0
1
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Other
In favour or strongly in favour
Based on CF4L
0
1
Other
Agree
Based on CF6A
0
1
Other
Agree
Based on CF6B
RCCF4H
RCCF4K
RCCF4L
RCCF4M
RCCF6A
RCCF6B
Consequences of implementation
of desired measures: it would be
easier for me to have the number
of children I want
Consequences of implementation
of desired measures: it would
enable me to have my next child
sooner
Label
category
Comments
Based on CF4M
262
Name
variable
RCCF6C
RCCF6D
RCCF12A
RCCF12B
Label
variable
Consequences of implementation
of desired measures: I would
reconsider the possibility of
a(nother) child
Consequences of implementation
of desired measures: I would
probably decide to have a(nother)
child
Have you ever had parental leave?
Did your partner ever have
parental leave?
Value
category
0
1
Label
category
Comments
Other
Agree
Based on CF6C
0
1
Other
Agree
Based on CF6D
1
2
3
Yes
No
We intend to
Slovenia: has no code 3; CF12A and CF12B: coded under
CF12A (footnote).
1
2
3
Yes
No
We intend to
NB. For inter-country comparison “code 4: Not applicable
because no opportunity has been changed to code –8
*Code 9 in questionnaire = code –7 in database
Slovenia : CF12B coded under CF12A.
NB. For inter-country comparison “codes 4: Not
applicable because no opportunity” and code 8 “nonapplicable” have been changed to –8.
RCCQ1Y
Age of respondent
numeric
YEINT – CQ1Y (age in years)
NB. For Slovenia, the data of variable s-d2 (answer of the
respondents) have been included in RCCQ1Y.
263
Name
variable
RCCQ1-13
Label
variable
Age group (13 categories)
RCCQ1-7
Age group (7 categories)
RCCQ1-4
Age group (4- categories)
RCCQ1-2
Age of respondent (Up to and
above 50)
Duration of current marriage (in
years)
RCCQ3A1
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
1
2
Numeric
Label
Category
<20
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75+
<20
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70+
<20
20-34
35-54
55+
Up to 50
50 or more
Comments
Based on RCCQ1Y
Based on RCCQ1Y
Based on RCCQ1Y
Based on RCCQ1Y
YEINT – CQ1Y.
Duration in years= year of survey – year of marriage
264
Name
variable
RCCQ3A2
Label
variable
Duration of current marriage
(9 categories)
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
RCCQ3B1
Duration of separation (in years)
Numeric
RCCQ3B2
Duration of separation (2
categories)
RCCQ3C1
Duration of widowhood (in years)
Numeric
RCCQ3C2
Duration of widowhood (6
categories)
<5
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25+
RCCQ3D1
Duration of divorce (in years)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Numeric
RCCQ3D2
Duration of divorce (6 categories)
1
2
3
4
5
6
<5
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25+
1
2
Label
Category
<5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40+ years
Comments
Based on RCCQ3A1
YEINT – CQ3B (Duration in years= Year of survey – y
ear of separation)
<5 years
5+ years
Based on distribution of variable RCCQ3B1
YEINT – CQ3C (Duration in years= Year of survey –
year of widowhood)
Based on RCCQ3C1
YEINT – CQ3D (Duration in years= Year of survey –
year of divorce)
Based on RCCQ3D1
265
Name
variable
RCCQ4A1
Label
variable
Duration of living together (in
years)
Value
category
Numeric
RCCQ4A2
Duration of living together (9
categories)
RCCQ341
Duration marriage/living together
(in years)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
numeric
Label
Category
Comments
YEINT – CQ4A
<5
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40+
Based on RCCQ4A1
Recoded on the basis of CQ3a and CQ4
Since some countries (or some respondents) did not
include the duration of marriage in the variable ‘duration
of living together’, the recoded variable RCCQ341 tries to
combine both the duration of marriage and the duration of
living together.
In this way the following numbers of respondents for the
variable ‘duration of marriage’ were added to the variable
‘duration of living together’:
Austria: 54
Belgium: 245
Czech Republic: 82
Finland: 80
Germany: 89
Hungary: 1798
Slovenia: 920.
In the other countries, the duration of marriage is
completely included in the duration of living together.
NB. For Hungary, the duration of living together before
marriage is not known.
266
Name
variable
RCCQ342
Label
variable
Duration marriage/living together
(8 categories)
RCCQ4B
Living arrangement 3 (including
married respondents)
RCCQ46
Living arrangement 4
RCCQ46c
Living arrangement 5
RCCQ5A
Nationality of respondent
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Label
Category
<5
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35+
No partner
Living apart-together
Living with spouse/partner
No partner
LAT relation, living with parents
LAT relation, living without parents
Living with spouse/partner
No partner
LAT relation, living with parents
LAT relation, living without parents
Non-marital cohabitation
Marital cohabitation
Country of residence
Other EU country
Other non-EU European country
Turkey
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
North America
Latin America
Other
Comments
Based on RCCQ341
See comments RCCQ341.
Recoded on the basis of CQ3 and CQ4
Recoded on the basis of RCCQ4B and CQ6E
Italian data have been calculated on the basis of the
combination of RCCQ4B and CQ7
This variable has been constructed by combining the codes
of RCCQ46 and CQ3
Recoded on the basis of CQ5A
267
Name
variable
RCCQ5B
RCCQ6
RCCQ6CH
RCCQ7
RCCQ7AD
Label
variable
Nationality of partner
Household composition
Children in the household
Household size (regrouped)
Number of adults in the household
Value
category
1
2
Label
Category
Country of residence
Other EU country
Other non-EU European country
Turkey
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
North America
Latin America
Other
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
Single-person household
Couple without children
Couple with children
One-parent household
Other
1
2
Yes
No
1
2
…
6
7+
Numeric
Comments
Recoded on the basis of CQ5B
Finland: CQ6F and CQ6H are missing;
Italy: all data are missing.
Romania: has only information on single-person
households (see CQ6A). All other household types are
classified under code 5 (other).
NB. Category 5(other) includes cases which would fall
under categories 1 to 4, if no other family members or
other persons (CQ6E to CQ6J) would be present in the
household.
Recoded on the basis of CQ6C and CQ6D. Due to
inconsistencies between variables CQ6 and variable CQ8,
a second recoded variable was constructed: RCCQ81. It is
suggested to use the latter one.
Based on CQ7
RCCQ7AD = CQ7-CQ8
268
Name
variable
RCCQ81
Label
variable
Children in the household
Value
category
1
2
Label
Category
Yes
No
Comments
Recoded variable on the basis of the combination of
CQ6C, CQ6D and CQ8
For some countries there were inconsistencies between the
variables CQ6C-D and CQ8. With recoded variable
RCCQ81 it was tried to use maximally available
information on the presence of children in the household.
RCCQ82
Number of children in the
household – regrouped
RCCQ9A
Number of own, step- and adopted
children - regrouped
RCCQ9B
Number of own, step- and adopted
children still living at home –
regrouped
RCCQ9TE
Total number of expected children
0
1
2
3
4
5+
0
1
2
3
4
5+
0
1
2
3
4
5+
Numeric
No children
1 child
2 children
3 children
4 children
5 or more children
No children
1 child
2 children
3 children
4 children
5 or more children
No children
1 child
2 children
3 children
4 children
5 or more children
Italy: no information available at all.
Based only on CQ8. Contains fewer cases than RCCQ81
that is based on the combination of CQ6 and CQ8.
Austria and Italy: no data.
Suggestion: use RCCQ9B
Based on CQ9A
Based on CQ9B
RCCQ9TE = CQ9a + RCCF1AY
(number of own, adopted and stepchildren + Additional
number of children expected )
See also RCCQ9TE1, RCCQ9TE2, RCCQ9TE3 and
RCCQ9TE4
269
Name
variable
RCCQ9TE1
Label
variable
Total minimum number of
expected children
Value
category
Numeric
RCCQ9TE2
Total maximum number of
expected children
Numeric
RCCQ9TE3
Total minimum number of
expected children – regrouped
RCCQ9TE4
Total maximum number of
expected children – regrouped
RCCQ9TE5
Total maximum number of
expected children (4 categories)
RCCQ9TE6
Total number of expected children
(3+ categories)
RCCQ9TE7
Total minimum number of
expected children (3+ categories)
0
1
2
3
4
5+
0
1
2
3
4
5+
0
1
2
3+
0
1
1,5
2
2,5
3+
0
1
2
3+
Label
Category
Comments
Based on RCCQ9TE.
Values 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 etc have been recoded as values 1, 2,
3, etc. respectively.
No children
1 child
2 children
3 children
4 children
5 or more children
No children
1 child
2 children
3 children
4 children
5 or more children
Based on RCCQ9TE.
Values 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 etc have been recoded as values 2, 3,
4, etc. respectively.
Based on RCCQ9TE1
Based on RCCQ9TE2
Based on RCCQ9TE4
Based on RCCQ9TE
Based on
270
Name
variable
RCCQ9YC
RCCQ13
Label
variable
Age of the youngest child
Value
category
Numeric
Household income (in Euros)
Numeric
Label
Category
Comments
In Belgium and Czech Republic the year of birth of the
only child has been coded both in CQ9C and CQ9D. In
Romania the year of birth of the only child (living in the
household) has been coded in CQ9D.
Romania does not have CQ9A. On the hypothesis that the
age of the youngest child in Romania refers to the age of
the youngest child in the household, the data for Romania
are not completely comparable to those of the other
countries.
Age of the youngest child is not available for Cyprus.
For the calculation of the age of the youngest child, the
following procedure was applied:
1) Selection all countries minus Romania
Selection CQ9A = 1 ; Yeint – CQ9C;
Selection CQ9A ≠ 1; Yeint – CQ9D;
2) Selection Romania:
Yeint – CQ9D ;
3) Compute RCCQ9YC
Recoded variable from country-specific variables on
income (Only for countries that asked for real income:
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany,
Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, and Slovenia).
Some countries recorded the income in a number of
categories with a certain range, others recorded the exact
value. For the international comparison, the averages of
the category ranges have been assigned as household
values.
Use RCCQ13E
271
Name
variable
RCCQ13A
RCCQ13B
Label
variable
Household income (5 categories,
on the basis of currency values)
Household income group
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Low
High
Low
High
Comments
Only available for : AT, BE, CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL, RO, SL
Austria: 20 categories reduced to 5 categories
Belgium: 6 categories: maintained
Czech R: 10 categories reduced to 5
Finland: individual data regrouped in 5 equal categories
from 1st to 99th percentile ;
Germany: 19 categories reduced to 5 categories
Hungary: individual data regrouped in 5 equal categories
from 1st to 99th percentile ;
Netherlands: individual data regrouped in 5 equal
categories from 5tht to 95th percentile;
Romania: individual data regrouped in 5 equal categories
from 5th to 95th percentile
Slovenia: 9 categories reduced to 5 categories
Use RCCQ13E1 or RCCQ13E2
In this recoded variable the subjective data of variable
CQ13 for Estonia, Lithuania and Poland and the income
data (individual or grouped data) from recoded variable
RCCQ13A are merged.
272
Name
Label
variable
variable
RCCQ7AEQ Number of adults in the household
equivalised
RCCQ9EQ
Number of own, adopted and
stepchildren in the household
equivalised
Value
category
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.2
Label
Category
1 adult
2 adults
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
1 child
2 children
3 children
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Comments
Based on RCCQ7AD
Recoded variable to compute RCCQ7EQ
Recoded variable to compute RCCQ7EQ
NB. Variable CQ9B was selected to make this calculation,
because it includes more countries than variable CQ8. A
disadvantage is that information on other children present
in the household is lost.
273
Name
variable
RCCQ7EQ
Label
variable
Equivalised household size
Value
category
Numeric
RCCQ13EQ Equivalised household income
Numeric
RCCQ13M
Median equivalised income per
country
Numeric
RCCQ13SP
Median x 0.4 equivalised income
per country
Numeric
RCCQ13P
Median x 0.5 equivalised income
per country
Numeric
RCCQ13LI
Median x 0.6 equivalised income
per country
Numeric
RCCQ13SE
Equivalised income levels
1
2
3
4
Label
Category
Comments
Sum = (first adult = 1) + (each other adult = 0.5) + (each
child below 16 = 0.3)
NB. Survey does not allow distinguishing children below
and above age 16! (All children have been given value 0.3)
RCCQ7EQ = RCCQ7AEQ + RCCQ9EQ
RCCQ13EQ = RCCQ13/RCCQ7EQ
Only for countries that asked for real income : AT, BE,
CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL, RO, SL
Severely poor
Poor
Low income
Above low income
Based on RCCQ13EQ; data per country
Only for countries that asked for real income : AT, BE,
CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL, RO, SL
Based on RCCQ13M; data per country;
Only for countries that asked for real income : AT, BE,
CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL, RO, SL
Based on RCCQ13M; data per country;
Only for countries that asked for real income : AT, BE,
CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL, RO, SL
Based on RCCQ13M; data per country;
Only for countries that asked for real income : AT, BE,
CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL, RO, SL
Computed on the basis of RCCQ13LI, RCCQ13P, and
RCCQ13SP:
1 = rccq13eq < rccq13sp
2 = rccq13sp < rccq13eq <rccq13p
3 = rccq13p < rccq13eq < rccq13li
4 = rccq13eq > rccq13li.
274
Name
variable
RCCQ13E1
RCCQ13E2
RCCQ13z
Label
variable
Equivalised household income (5
categories)
Equivalised household income (5
categories)
Income group (on the basis of
respondents' location on a 5-point
scale, provided by Partners))
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
Label
Category
Low
High
1
2
3
4
5
Low
1
2
3
4
5
Low
High
Comments
1) Selection per country: AT, BE, CZ, FI, DE, HU, NL,
RO, SL
2) The first and fifth categories correspond to the 5th and
95th percentile respectively of variable RCCQ13EQ
3) The three intermediate categories have been constructed
as follows: (code value of 95th percentile – code value of
5th percentile)/ 3.
For all countries, the 5 category distribution represents
quite well the basic distribution.
1) selection per country: AT, BE, CZ, FI, DE, HU,
NL, RO, SL
2) the five categories correspond to the 20th, 40th,
60th, 80th and 100th percentile of variable
RCCQ13EQ.
In this variable, all categories have approximately the same
(and sufficient) number of respondents.
High
275
Name
variable
RCCQ1418
Label
variable
Single/dual earners
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Label
Category
Single, not working
Single, part-time working
Single, full-time working
Couple, not working
Couple, one partner part-time
working
Couple, both partners part-time
working
Couple, one partner full-time
working
Couple, one partner full-time, one
partner part-time working
Couple, both partners full-time
working
RCCQ15A1
Duration stop working (in years)
Numeric
RCCQ15A2
Duration stop working (5
categories)
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+
RCCQ18A1
Duration stop working partner (in
years)
1
2
3
4
5
Numeric
RCCQ18A2
Duration stop working partner (5
categories)
1
2
3
4
5
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
0
1
Other
Satisfied
RCCQ20A
Satisfaction about dwelling
Comments
Based on combination of cq14, CQ18 and RCCQ46
Year survey – year stop working
Based on RCCQ15A1
Year survey – year stop working partner
Based on RCCQ18A1
20+
Based on CQ20A
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
276
Name
variable
RCCQ20B
Label
variable
Satisfaction about neighbourhood
Value
category
0
1
Other
Satisfied
Based on CQ20A
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
RCCQ20C
Satisfaction about your standard of
living
0
1
Other
Satisfied
Based on CQ20A
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
RCCQ20D
Satisfaction about household
income
0
1
Other
Satisfied
Based on CQ20A
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
RCCQ20E
Satisfaction about present work
0
1
Other
Satisfied
Based on CQ20A
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
RCCQ20F
Satisfaction about available time
for doing things
0
1
Other
Satisfied
Based on CQ20A
Optional: AT, CZ, LT, SL
RCCQ21A
Educational level of respondent
1
Primary or lower secondary
education
Higher secondary education
Post-secondary education
Based on CQ21A :
1 = CQ21A codes 1 to 3;
2 = CQ21A code 4
3 = CQ21A codes 5+
Primary or lower secondary
education
Higher secondary or non-university
education
University education
Based onCQ21A:
1 =CQ21A codes 1 to 3
2= CQ21A codes 4 + 5
3 = CQ21A codes 6 to 8
Primary or lower secondary
education
Higher secondary education
Post-secondary education
Based on CQ21B:
1 = CQ21B codes 1 to 3;
2 = CQ21B code 4
3 = CQ21B codes 5+
2
3
RCCQ21A2
Educational level of respondent
(alternative classification)
1
2
3
RCCQ21B
Educational level of partner
1
2
3
Label
Category
Comments
277
Name
variable
RCCQ21B2
Label
variable
Educational level of partner
(alternative classification)
Value
category
1
3
0
1
Label
Category
Primary or lower secondary
education
Higher secondary or non-university
education
University education
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G1A;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G1B;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G1C;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G1D;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G1E;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G1F;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G1G;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G1H;
Not available for BE, CZ, FI, IT, SL.
Based on G11A
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G11B
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
2
RCG1A
RCG1B
RCG1C
RCG1D
RCG1E
RCG1F
RCG1G
RCG1H
RCG11A
RCG11B
Working mother can establish as
warm and secure relationship with
her children as a non-working
mother
A pre-school child is likely to
suffer if mother works
Family life suffers when the
woman has a full-time job
What most women really want is a
home and children
Being a housewife is just as
fulfilling as working for pay
Having a job is the best way for a
woman to be independent
Most women have to work to
support their families
In their job women are less
ambitious than men
Governmental measures:
promoting better job opportunities
for women
Governmental measures:
promoting equal pay for equal
work for women and men
Comments
Based onCQ21B:
1 =CQ21B codes 1 to 3
2= CQ21B codes 4 + 5
3 = CQ21B codes 6 to 8
278
Name
variable
RCG11C
RCG11D
RCG11E
RCG11F
RCG11G
RCH3A
Label
variable
Governmental measures:
promoting female participation in
politics
Governmental measures:
promoting female participation in
technical occupations
Governmental measures:
promoting female participation in
top management
Governmental measures:
encouraging father’s participation
in child care
Governmental measures:
encouraging equal division of
household tasks
Respondent’s ideal choice for
combining raising children and a
job (regrouped)
Value
category
0
1
Label
category
Comments
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G11C
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G11D
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G11E
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G11F
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
0
1
Other
Agree or strongly agree
Based on G11G
Optional: AT, CY,EE, LT, PL, RO
1
Full-time job and no children (H3A
code 1)
Full-time job and children (H3a
codes 2 to 4, and 12)
Part-time job and no children (H3a
code 5)
Part-time job and children (H3a
codes 6 to 8, and 13)
No job when children are present or
young (H3a codes 9 and 10)
Other (H3a code 11)
Recoded variable to accommodate Belgian and Dutch data.
2
3
4
5
6
No data available for Austria, Czech R., Finland and
Hungary
279
Name
variable
RCH3B
Label
variable
Respondent’s ideal choice for the
partner’s combination of raising
children and a job
Value
category
1
2
3
4
5
RCA7
Age group of expected retirement
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
numeric
Label
category
Full-time job and no children (H3A
code 1)
Full-time job and children (H3a
codes 2 to 4, and 12)
Part-time job and no children (H3a
code 5)
Part-time job and children (H3a
codes 6 to 8, and 13)
No job when children are present or
young (H3a codes 9 and 10)
Other (H3a code 11)
<50
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+
RCRETIR
Retirement (numeric)
RCRETIR2
Retirement
1
2
Not yet retired
Already retired
Age group of desired retirement
1
2
3
4
5
6
<50
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+
RCA8
Comments
Recoded variable to accommodate Belgian and Dutch data.
No data available for Austria, Czech R., Finland and
Hungary
Based on A7.
No data for Belgium, Hungary and Italy
= A7 - RCAGE
(age at expected retirement – age)
See RCAGRET2
Recoded variable from RCRETIR:
Code 1 = RCRETIR ≥ 1
Code 2 = RCRETIR ≤ 0
Based on A8.
No data for Belgium, Hungary and Italy
280
5. Composite variables
Name
variable
COMCL1P
Label
variable
Composite variable on negative
evaluation of changes in
partnership behaviour
Value
category
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
COMCL1R
Composite variable on negative
evaluation of changes in
reproductive behaviour
0
1
2
3
COMCL5
Composite variable on agreement
about children’s meaning for
parents
COMCF2
Composite variable on reasons for
not wanting a(nother) child
COMCF22
Composite variable on reasons for
not wanting a(nother) child
0
1
2
….
7
0
1
2
…
11
1
2
3.
…
11
12
Label
category
No change is considered bad or very bad
One change is considered bad or very bad
….
….
….
….
All six changes are considered bad or very
bad
No change is considered bad or very bad
One change is considered bad or very bad
….
All three changes are considered bad or
very bad
No meaning is agreed upon
One meaning is agreed upon
…
All seven meanings are agreed upon
No reasons
One reason
Two reasons
…..
Eleven reasons
1
2
3
…
11
0
Comments
Sum of scores on 6 sub questions of CL1: RCCL1A,
C,E,G,H,I);
7 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72
Sum of scores on 3 sub questions of CL1: RCCL1B, D,
F);
4 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha = .64
Sum of scores on 7 sub questions of CL5: RCCL5ARCCL5G);
8 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.80
Based on 11 sub questions of CF2 : RCCF2a to RCCF2k
code 1 (very important or important) = sum of codes 1;
12 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83;
See comcf22
Based on COMCF2, used for MCA
281
Name
variable
COMCF2L
Label
variable
Composite variable on lifestyle
reasons for not wanting a(nother)
child
COMCF4
Composite variable on childfriendly policies
COMCF4A
Composite variable on family
policy measures (regrouped)
COMCF6
Composite variable on
consequences of implementation
of desired measures
COMCF62
Composite variable on
consequences of implementation
of desired measures
Value
category
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
…
13
1
2
3
…
13
14
0
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
Label
category
No reasons
One reason
….
…..
….
Five reasons
In favour of no measures
In favour of one measure
In favour of two measures
…..
In favour of all measures
1
2
3
…
13
0
No consequence
One consequence
….
….
Four consequences
1 One consequence
2….
3…..
4 Four consequences
0 No consequences
Comments
Sum of scores on 5 sub questions of RCCF2: RCCF2D,
E, F, G, I);
6 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79.
Based on 13 sub questions of CF4: RCCF4A to
RCCF4M, code 1 (in favour or strongly in favour) = sum
of codes 1.
14 categories.
NB. The values have been standardised for the number
of items per country. The values for Italy have to be
cautiously dealt with, since only 5on 13 items are
available for this country.
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94
Based on COMCF4, used for MCA
Sum of codes 1 of RCCF6A to RCCF6D;
5 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.74
Based on COMCF6, used for MCA
282
Name
variable
COMCQ20
Label
variable
Composite variable on
satisfaction about various
domains in life
COMG1T
Composite variable on traditional
gender roles
COMG11
Accumulated support for gender
equality measures
Value
category
0
1
…
6
Label
category
Not satisfied about any domain
Satisfied about one domain
…
Satisfied about all six domains
Comments
Sum of scores on the 6 sub questions of CQ20: codes 1
of RCCQ20A to RCCQ20F;
7 categories
Cronbach’s alpha= 0.70
0
1
…
5
Doesn’t agree with any statement
Agrees with one statement
…
Agrees with all five statements
Sum of scores on 5 sub questions of G1: RCG1b-e,
G1h);
6 categories
Cronbach’s alpha = 0.53
0
1
2
…
7
Doesn’t agree with any measure
Agrees with one measure
…..
….
Agrees with all seven measures
Sum of scores on 7 sub questions of G11: RCG11ARCG11G);
8 categories;
Cronbach’s alpha= 0.78
283