Table of Contents
Image Viewers
Macintosh
NIH Image 1.62
NIH Image 1.63
NIH Image Documents
FAQs
Inside NIH Image 1.61
NIH Image 1.61 Manual
Windows
ImageJ Documents
all-notes.html
concepts.html
downloads.html
ie.html
images
index.html
inverter.html
menus
pdfs
examples.pdf
ImageJ.pdf
problems.html
properties.html
red-and-blue.html
shortcuts.html
to-do-list.html
tools.html
ImageJ1.29.exe
Image Data
Mariner_10_SEDR.xls
Windows
xlViewer.exe
Macintosh
Data.pdf
Generic_Data.txt
Images
Large Mosaics
Caloris_Basin.tif
Equatorial.tif
Incoming.tif
Outgoing.tif
Second-encounter.tif
Quad.Mosaics
Coverage_Map.tif
Quad.01
H1_airbrush.tif
H1_mosaic.tif
H1_mosaic_enl1.tif
Quad.02
H2_airbrush.tif
H2_mosaic.tif
H2_mosiac_enl1.tif
H2_mosaic_enl2.tif
Quad.03
H3_airbrush.tif
H3_Caloris.tif
H3_mosaic.tif
H3_mosaic_enl1.tif
H3_mosaic_enl2.tif
H3_mosaic_enl3.tif
H3_mosaic_enl4.tif
Quad.06
H6_airbrush.tif
H6_mosaic.tif
H6_mosaic_enl1.tif
H6_mosaic_enl2.tif
H6_mosaic_enl3.tif
H6_mosaic_enl4.tif
Quad.07
H7_airbrush.tif
H7_mosaic.tif
H7_mosaic_enl1.tif
H7_mosaic_enl2.tif
H7_mosaic_enl3.tif
H7_mosaic_enl4.tif
Quad.08
H8_airbrush.tif
H8_mosaic.tif
H8_mosaic_enl1.tif
H8_mosaic_enl2.tif
H8_mosaic_enl3.tif
H8_mosaic_enl4.tif
Quad.11
H11_airbrusch.tif
H11_mosaic.tif
H11_mosaic_enl1.tif
H11_mosaic_enl2.tif
H11_mosaic_enl3.tif
H11_mosaic_enl4.tif
Quad.12
H12_airbrush.tif
H12_mosaic.tif
H12_mosaic_enl1.tif
H12_mosaic_enl2.tif
H12_mosaic_enl3.tif
H12_mosaic_enl4.tif
Quad.15
H15_airbrush.tif
H15_mosaic.tif
H15_mosaic_enl1.tif
H15_mosaic_enl2.tif
Single Images
1st Encounter
Incoming Side
Outgoing Side
2nd Encounter
3rd Encounter
Incoming Side
Outgoing Side
Raw Images
166626.tif
27370.tif
The Images
This CD contains an extensive set of the highest resolution Mariner 10 images of
Mercury. These images are found in the "Images" folder. There are several parts to this
record. The folder labeled "Large Mosaics" contains the mosaics of the entire incoming
and outgoing sides of the planet as viewed by Mariner 10. It also includes the second
encounter mosaic of the southern hemisphere, a mosaic of the Caloris Basin, and a unique
mosaic of the equatorial regions. This latter mosaic (Equatorial.tif) is a mercator
projection from terminator-to-terminator (10º to 190º longitude) between ±30º latitude.
The folder labeled "Quad. Mosaics" contains scanned images of the mosaics and
airbrush maps of the Mercury quadrangles contained in the photographic version of the
Atlas of Mercury (NASA SP-423) by M.E. Davies, S.E. Dwornik, D.E. Gault, and R.G.
Strom. Each quadrangle imaged by Mariner 10 contains 1) an airbrush map with the
latitude/longitude coordinate grid and the names of craters and other features, 2) a
complete image mosaic of the quadrangle, and 3) enlargements of sections of the mosaic.
A "Coverage Map" shows the quadrangles that were imaged by Mariner 10.
The folder labeled "Single Images" contains the best Mariner 10 images of the
first, second and third encounters. They are designated by their Mariner 10 FDS number.
The first encounter tape-recorded images (42-59, 27459-27475), and all third encounter
images are the raw images as they were received from the spacecraft. They have not been
processing because they have little noise. The third encounter images are quarter frames
because full frames at the great distance and relatively high data rate of the spacecraft
would have been so noisy that they would have been useless (See Chapter 2, The Mariner
10 Mission). The non-tape recorded full-frame images of the first and second encounter
are fairly noisy because they were taken and sent back in real time at a relatively high
data rate. These images have had their noise suppressed. They are not extensively
processed, because users may want to do different types of processing to suit their own
needs. However, a simple “Enhance Contrast” under the “Process” menu in NIH
Image or NIH ImageJ should be sufficient to produce an image of relative good quality in
most cases. In the folder labeled “Raw Images” are one raw first encounter image and
one raw second encounter image so you can see the noise level on non-tape recorded
images of the first and second encounters. The quadrangle mosaics have been extensively
processed and map projected to display all the detail inherent in the images at the
appropriate projection. They do not, however, include the highest resolution images.
Image Viewers
You can display and do your own enhancement of the images with the included
public domain software in the folder labeled "Image Viewers". All of the images are in
TIFF format and can be opened with most image display software. In the "Macintosh"
folder are two versions of NIH Image developed by Wayne Rasband at the U.S. National
Institutes of Health. Macintosh version NIH Image1.62 is for power Macs up to and
including OS 9.2, while NIH Image 1.63 is for OS 9.2.2 and OSX 10.x. Documentation
for these programs is found in the "NIH Image Docs" folder. In NIH Image 1.63 and
higher, you may want to reset the “undo and clipboard buffer” to a higher value in the
Preferences… portion of the Options menu, depending on the amount of memory
in your computer.
The "Windows" folder contains ImageJ1.29.exe. This file is a self-contained zip
archive of ImageJ, a free Java-based image-processing program. Double-clicking on this
file will extract and install onto your hard disk everything you need to run ImageJ,
including Sun Microsystems' Java runtime environment for Windows. You do not need to
have Java already installed on your computer. Documentation for ImageJ is included in
the "ImageJ Docs" folder.
You can also do very sophisticated image processing with commercial image
processing software, such as Adobe Photoshop.
To give an example of the type of simple enhancement you may want to do with
the included software, try the following in either NIH Image or ImageJ:
1. In the 1st Encounter folder and in the Incoming Side folder Open image
27320.tif.
2. Select Enhance Contrast under the Process menu.
You should see a marked improvement in the image. You can also select Sharpen
under the Process menu to make features more "crisp". You should do your own
experimentation for the results that make the image most meaningful to you. Detailed
explanations of the various processing techniques are in the included manuals. On some
images you will need to do some very simple contrast enhancing to properly view the
image.
Image Data
In the folder labeled "Image Data" is a list of selected parameters for the single
images. It contains 1) the image designation (FDS Number), 2) the latitude and longitude
at the center of the image, 3) the scale of the image at its center in kilometers per pixel,
and 4) the Mercury quadrangle (H Quad.) in which the image occurs. Where the scale has
a "?", the central pixel is off the planet, or it is so foreshortened that the value is
meaningless. Although the central coordinates may be in one quadrangle, the image may
be large enough to encompass one or more other quadrangles. In this case, there will be
two or more quadrangles listed, with the main quadrangle first. However, even then there
may be other quadrangles involved.
The data is tabulated in several formats. The "Mariner 10 SEDR.xls" (SEDR
stands for Systematic Engineering Data Record) file is in Microsoft Excel format and can
be displayed by that program on a Windows or Macintosh computer, or for Windows
computers by xlViewer.exe in the "Windows" folder. The xlViewer.exe file is a selfcontained zip archive of Micosoft Excel Viewer. Double-clicking on this file will extract
and install onto your hard disk everything you need to display the data. With these
programs (Microsoft Excel or Excel Viewer) you can sort the data by quadrangle,
latitude, longitude, or scale (resolution).
In the "Macintosh" folder, the image data are in PDF format (Data.pdf), and as a
generic tab delimited document (Generic_Data.txt) that can be easily imported into any
spreadsheet program.
System Requirements
To access this CD you will need a Windows PC running 95/98, 2000, NT, Service
Pack 4, ME or XP, and at least 100 megabytes of disc space, or a Power Macintosh with
OS 8.6, OS 9.x, or OS X with at least 100 megabytes of disc space.
Help
If you experience any problems during the installation, please compare the
technical specifications with the requirements mentioned above. Otherwise please contact
our hotline at:
Helpdesk electronic media
Springer-Verlag
Tiergartenstr. 17
D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany
Phone (Germany): 0180 565 6665
Phone (international): +49 6221 487 8235
Fax: + 49 6221 487 8364
http://www.springer.de/helpdesk-form