Semester II Final Exam Study Guide
Directions: write a minimum of one sentence explanation/definition for each term
Formation of Western Europe – Ch. 14
Middle Age farming
-three field system, oxen, horse
Crusades
Reconquista
Guilds
Burghers
Common Law
Hundred Year’s War
Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
Renaissance – Ch. 17
Causes of the renaissance
Humanism
Perspective
Frescoes
Secular
Patrons
Renaissance Man/Woman
Gutenberg
Vernacular
Jesuits
Reformation – Ch. 17
Criticisms of Catholic Church
Simony
Indulgence
Martin Luther
Protestant
Peace of Augsburg
Edict of Worms
Salvation
Predestination
Heretic
Theocracy
Catholic Reformation
Council of Trent
Era of Exploration – Ch. 19, sec. 1, Ch. 20, sec. 1
God, Glory & Gold
Tools of Exploration
Portugal
Dutch East India Company
East Indies & West Indies
Columbus
Caravel
Magellan
Prince Henry
Treaty of Tordesillas
Conquistadors
Mestizo
Encomienda
Monarchies of Europe
Absolute monarchs
Divine Right
Mercantalism
Spanish empire weakens
Edict of Nantes
Louis XIV & Palace at Versailles
Philip II of Spain
Elizabeth I problems in England
Thirty Years War
Maria Theresa
Frederick the Great
Peter the Great
Westernization
English Civil War
Puritan
Glorious Revolution
Cavaliers
Restoration
Roundheads
Scientific Revolution – Ch. 22, Sec. 1
Geocentric vs. Heliocentric theory
Scientific method
Galileo Galilei
Old science vs. New Science
Nicolaus Copernicus
Isaac Newton
Enlightenment – Ch. 22, Sec. 2
Social contract
Thomas Hobbes
Philosophes
Voltaire
John Locke
Jean Jacque Rosseau
Montesquiu & separation of powers
Salons
Despots
French Revolution – Ch. 23, Sec. 1 & 2
Old Regime
Estates General
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
Declaration of Rights of Man
Jacobins & Robespierre
Reign of Terror & Guillotine
Napoleon – Ch. 23, Sec. 3 & 4
Coup d’etat
Napoleonic code
Horatio Nelson & Battle of Trafalgar
Continental system & Blockade
Guerilla warfare
Nationalism
Scorched earth policy
Hundred Days
Waterloo
Exile