Atomic Structure
Eighth Grade Science
DO NOW MONDAY
• Write the phenotypes of both of your P
generation and your F1 generation fruit flies.
• TODAY’S PLAN
•
•
To explain the results of a genetic cross (Punnett
Square).
To determine the number of protons, neutrons, and
electrons in an atom of any element.
• TODAY’S DO
•
•
•
We will predict the F2 genotypes and phenotypes and
ratios using a Punnett Square.
We will discuss the life cycle of fruit flies.
We will discuss practice determining the number of
protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom f an
element, as well as draw the electronic structures of
elements.
Predictions
• If your apterous mutation is inherited as a
recessive (a) trait, let’s make some predictions
about what we should see in the F2
generation.
F2 Expected Genotypic Ratio:
F2 Expected Phenotypic Ratio:
(Maggots)
(Maggots)
What Are We Learning?
• We are going to learn how to determine the
number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in
an atom of an element.
• We are also going to learn how to draw the
electronic structure of an atom.
Why Are We Learning This?
• Because we are going to create a 2-D and a 3-D model of an
atom of a specific element tomorrow.
• It is also important to understand the structure of an atom of an
element because the structure of the atom helps to determine
how it will react with other elements.
• This reaction is what gives us all of the useful products we have,
as well as controls what goes on inside of our bodies.
• Unwanted reactions between elements and compounds are
what cause certain things to be poison to our bodies and are
also responsible for dangerous drug interactions.
• If you are interested in the medical field, such as nursing or
pharmacy, or if you take medication, this is very important.
• It determines if a medicine will work for you or make you sick.
• As a medical professional, being familiar with these reactions
will determine whether or not you are successful at your job!!
Atomic Structure
Subatomic
Particle
Proton (p+)
Mass (amu)
Charge
Location
1
+1
nucleus
Neutron (no)
1
0
nucleus
Electron (e-)
0
-1
Rings (energy
levels) outside
nucleus
Atomic Structure
Atomic Number and Mass Numebr
• Atomic Number
– Identifies the element
– Is the number of protons
• Mass Number
–
–
–
–
Decimal number rounded to nearest whole number
Includes both protons and neutrons
Mass number = p+ + no
So, no = mass number – p+
Electronic Structure
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E1 = 2 electrons
E2 = 8 electrons
E3 = 18 electrons
E4 = 32 electrons
E5 = 32 electrons
E6 = 18 electrons
E7 = 8 electrons
Electronic Structure