Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi/Revisi
: T0316/sistem Operasi
: 2005
:5
Pertemuan 1
Introduction
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menyebutkan fungsi dan struktur sistem operasi
(C1)
2
Outline Materi
• Sistem komputer
• Fungsi Sistem Operasi
• Sejarah sistem Operasi
– First generation
– Second generation
– Third generation
– Fourth generation
3
FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS
 Why Operating Systems?
- Modern computer system is very complex
- OS manages all devices and provide user
programs with simpler interface to the
hardware
4
 Main components of computer system
- Hardware
- Software
- Application programs
5
 WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM
1. It is an extended machine
- Hides the messy details which must be performed
- Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use
2. It is a resource manager
- Each program gets time with the resource
- Each program gets space on the resource
 Program that acts as an intermediary between a user and
the computer hardware
6
 System components:
- Process Management
- Memory Management
- I/O Management
- File Management
Others:
• Protection System,
• Networking,
• Command Interpreter
7
HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
First Generation (1945-1955): Vacuum Tubes and
Plugboards
- No programming language nor OS
- Machine language
- The use of plugboards, punched cards
Second Generation (1955-1965): Transistor and Batch
System
- Introduction of transistor
- Fortran, Assembler
- Batch system
8
Second Generation (cont’d)
- Offline system:
- Operating System usually used:
FMS (Fortran Monitor System)
IBSYS (OS for IBM 7094)
9
Second Generation (cont’d)
- Example of FMS job structure
10
Third Generation (1965-1980): ICs and Multiprogramming
- IBM 360 for scientific calculation (i.e numerical) and commercial
(i.e character-oriented)
- IC (Integrated Circuit)
- Introduction of multiprogramming
11
Third Generation (cont’d)
- Introduction of SPOOLING (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation
On Line)
- Introduction of time-sharing
- Development of “computer utility”  machine that supports
hundreds of timesharing users
Eg: MULTICS (Multiplex Information and Computing Service)
- Development of minicomputer
Eg: DEC PDP-1 until PDP-11
- Development of UNIX (Uniplexed Information and Computing
Service)
12
Fourth Generation (1980-now): LSI and PC
- LSI (Large Scale Integration) circuit and chips consisting
of thousands of transistor  birth of PC (Personal
Computer)
- User-friendly software
- Dominant Operating System:
•
•
MS-DOS, Win ME, Win NT
Unix, X Window
- Network Operating System
- Distributed Operating System
13
OS manages all devices and provide user
programs with simpler interface to the hardware
14