00_abstract_IRD65_abstract54.qxd 30/07/12 13:21 Page1
Le journal de l'IRD
n° 65 June-July-August 2012
Translator: Technicis
Abstracts for the international issue
Living with HIV in adolescence
Tracks against chlordecone
p. 2 News
The effects of ice-melt offset?
he Agulhas Current, off the coast
of South Africa, is accelerating.
This phenomenon is said to attenuate
one of the effects of melting ice. It
threatens to slow down oceanic northsouth circulation in the Atlantic, which
redistributes and controls heat across
the globe. By intensifying, this current
could stimulate this “conveyor belt”.
A scientist at the IRD has just jointly
published this result in the journal Nature Climate Change, surprising the world of
climate change research.
nematode worm is attacking rice fields
across Asia. Scientists at the IRD and
their Vietnamese partners are working together to understand how this pest operates
and find a solution. To fight a criminal, it first
needs to be identified with accuracy. Is the
same species of nematode at work from India
to South China? Faced with this worm, a real
scourge in the rice field, the chase is on.
Major surveys covering the whole of Vietnam
have been conducted. They complete those
initiated in the south of the country at the
start of the 1990’s. These 20 years of experience are a great help in the fight against the pest. Now, the review conducted is enabling scientists to attest that the pathogen at work is Meloidogyne
graminicola. It has colonised all ecosystems in the Asian continent, from the
coast to the mountains, and has even entered the tropical zone. Now that the
diagnosis has been made, we need to understand how the nematode has spread to all rice fields and why its expansion has accelerated over the last two
decades.
oodland sanctuaries have a special status, both in minds and in terms of use.
They are subject to special precautions and
hence, set aside from the rest of the environment. Initiatives launched to better protect or
restore this threatened heritage are often
based on the idea that it is a conservatory for
biodiversity: an idea currently discredited by
scientists, be they historians, ecologists or ethnologists.
In Kenya, Togo and Benin, faced with growing
pressure, methods for managing sacred
woods are changing. In Burkina Faso, ecological study has revealed varied vegetation that is
changing, far from the idea of vegetation
maintained in an original state. The system of
prohibitions protecting natural sacred sites,
like in Togo, is above all based on cultural preoccupations. Understanding the true nature of
woodland sanctuaries is necessary in order not
to misunderstand management methods used
and thus better prepare for their future.
© IRD / J. Mallet
© IRD / M. Vilayleck
© IRD / T. Ruf
editerranean countries lack fresh
water and this is not going to get
any better, quite the contrary... The
effects of climate change and increasing
agricultural and domestic needs are combining to accentuate water stress already
observed locally. A team from the Hydrosciences unit in Montpellier is conducting a vast prospective study into water resources in the Mediterranean basin,
in partnership with Plan Bleu (a regional cooperation body mandated by the
UNEP). The idea is to draw up predictive scenarios, enabling decisions to be
made by authorities and water operators.
p. 12 Planets
A seminar on Meteorology and
oceanography in the southern
hemisphere
T
he 10th International Conference Southern
Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO) took place last April at the Tjibaou cultural centre in Nouméa, New Caledonia.
An opportunity to take stock of scientific knowledge, but also to exchange with representatives from the island countries of the Pacific,
where the first climate refugees will come from.
The food industry
after the Cameroon forests
nvestors' craving for the forests of central
Africa is attracting the attention of scientists. In a workshop in Yaoundé in Cameroon, they explored the latest trends in this
phenomenon. Africa is at the centre of largescale acquisitions of land, thousands and millions of hectares of land, in developing
countries. Half of all purchases throughout the world occur on this continent, or
34 million hectares in just a few years. Commercial pressure on farmable land accelerated rapidly following the recent financial crisis and soaring agricultural raw material
prices that occurred in 2007-2008…
W
M
reviously consigned to the village square, music
from the South has invested the world scene
over a couple of decades. Maritime trade, sound
recording, radio broadcast, tourism, international
migrations and the internet are all historically and
technologically involved in this switch-over, gradual
then accelerated, from the local to the global. From
the holds of the slave cargo ships to the radio
waves and social networks, new communications
have helped to broadcast and mix musical genres.
From Addis-Abeba to Cancun, from Cairo to Tulear or Havana, sounds
get mixed up in a complex game of circulations, power and social mutations.
All avenues to be explored by anthropologists, historians and ethnomusicologists...
p. 12 Planet
I
Ritual practices and biodiversity
in woodland sanctuaries
Squaring the water circle
in the Mediterranean
Music from the South:
from local to global
group of experts, including two IRD
scientists, have just conducted an indepth survey of biotechnologies and biosecurity in Africa, on behalf of the European Union. For community bodies, the goal
is to help define their cooperation policy,
based on a complete understanding of the situation and recommendations backed up
by a knowledge of the needs. The four main fields of application of biotechnologies,
green for agriculture, red for health, blue for aquaculture and white for industry and
chemicals, were surveyed.
p. 7 Research
p. 5 Partners
p. 8, 9 Investigation
A
© D. Hoyle
A
p. 11 Research
Expertise:
Africa and biotechnologies
© IRD / H. de Tricornot
Alliance against a rice pest in Vietnam
© IRD / S. Bellafiore
T
oxic and stable, chlordecone is an organochlorine that is particularly resistant. Used
as an insecticide from the 1950's against weevils
in banana groves, its neurotoxic and potential
carcinogenic effects on humans led to its being
banned in by the United States in 1976 and by
France 17 years later. In the French Antilles, 300
tonnes were spread, polluting more than 16 000 hectares of agricultural land. Nineteen years later, this molecule persists in the soil, and some experts doubt it is biodegradable. It can be found in vegetables, surface and ground water, cattle and even
some marine animals, making these products toxic and unfit for consumption. In order
to abate this pollution, scientists at the IRD are suggesting that chlordecone may not
be so resistant to micro-organisms and are studying the best conditions to promote its
breakdown. One other method that is faster to implement, consists of trapping the
pollutant in the soil, preventing it from contaminating the water and any living things
in contact.
© H. Macarie / IRD-PRAM
hildren born HIV-positive in Thailand are
reaching adolescence, a critical period
when their survival can sometimes be at stake.
Since 2010, a Franco-Thai team has been conducting a survey of 800 HIV-positive adolescents
aged 12 to 19. Complicated treatment, sideeffects, discrimination, death of parents: there
are so many obstacles to be overcome in addition to their infection. Making treatments lighter and more in keeping with school life, protecting confidentiality and supporting families would enable them to get through this stage.
p. 4 Partners
P
T
C
© IRD / Valérie Rotival
The first fact to be noted: these environments linked to water have seen a
6% reduction in their surface area.
Geographically, the regions close to
the Equator show the severest
decline. In fact, cumulated losses in
tropical and sub-tropical zones
account for 57% of the total loss
observed.
p. 10 Research
© IRD / S. Dugast
The CNRS and the IRD have just published the results of a major study for
the scientific community: the first
complete vision of the wet zones on
our planet. These data on a global
scale are the result of the analysis
of a range of additional satellite
observations and span a period of
15 years.
© IRD / E. Deliry Antheaume
First worldwide
map of humid zones
p. 2 News
© IRD / Rita Saudegbee
© OXFAM / Mongkhonsawat Luengvorapun
© IRD / J.-C. Pintaud
p. 1 News
p. 13 Planet
With Haitian research
F
rom chaos to the lab, how is the
rehabilitation of Haitian research
coming along, two years after the awful
earthquake of 2010? Scientists, teachers, decision-makers and developers
came together recently in Port-au-Prince
to review the issue, as part of a seminarworkshop opened by the president of
the IRD, Michel Laurent. The aim of this work is to identify the conditions required to
enable research and higher education to meet the needs of rebuilding the devastated
capital, and more widely, the country's development needs. The AIRD is jointly organising the event with Quisqueya university in Port-au-Prince and the university of
Quebec in Montréal.
p. 15 Planet
Ethnobiology congress
C
oncerts, public debates, choreographic performances, plays, presentation stands; sometimes a scientific event can take on the look of a
festival.
This was the case of the 13th congress of the
International Ethnobiology Society, which took
place in Montpellier from 20 to 25 May last.
Beyond the usual exchanges between scientists, it
took on a multitude of other forms, taking over
venues in the town and appealing to a wide and
varied public.
Alongside the scientific congress – the "on" part
of the festival – attended by almost 700 scientists, were a great number of additional
events, hosting indigenous peoples come for the event, the inhabitants of the capital
of the Languedoc and pupils from the Languedoc-Roussillon region taking part in
educational projects on the issue.
00_abstract_IRD65_abstract54.qxd 30/07/12 13:21 Page4
LʼIRD dans le monde
France métropolitaine
Siège
Le Sextant
44, bd de Dunkerque
CS 90009
13572 Marseille cedex 02
Tél. : +33 (0)4 91 99 92 00
www.ird.fr
Centre IRD France-Nord
Directrice : Corinne Rouland-Lefèvre
32, avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex
Tél. : +33 (0)1 48 02 55 00
Fax : +33 (0)1 48 47 30 88
bondy@ird.fr
Centre IRD France Sud
Directeur : Yves Duval
BP 64501 - 34394 Montpellier cedex 5
Tél. : +33 (0)4 67 41 61 00
Fax : +33 (0)4 67 41 63 30
montpellier@ird.fr
Outre-mer tropical français
Guyane
Représentant : Patrick Seyler (à compter du 01/09)
IRD, BP 165 - 97323 Cayenne cedex
Tél. : +33 (0)5 94 29 92 92
Fax : +33 (0)5 94 31 98 55
cayenne@ird.fr
www.cayenne.ird.fr
Martinique - Caraïbe
Représentant : Patrick Quénéhervé
IRD, BP 8006
97259 Fort de France
Tél. : +33 (0)5 96 39 77 39
Fax : +33 (0)5 96 50 32 61
martinique@ird.fr
Nouvelle-Calédonie
Représentant et Délégué Pacifique :
Gilles Fédière
IRD, BP A5 - 98848 Nouméa cedex
Tél. : (687) 26 10 00
Fax : (687) 26 07 92
nouvelle-caledonie@.ird.fr
Polynésie française
Représentant : Philippe Lacombe
IRD, BP 529 - 98713 Papeete
Tél. : (689) 50 62 00 - Fax : (689) 42 95 55
polynesie@ird.fr
La Réunion
Représentant : Alain Borgel
IRD, BP 172 - 97492 Sainte-Clotilde cedex
Tél. : +33 (0)2 62 48 33 56
Fax : +33 (0)2 62 48 33 53
la-reunion@ird.fr
Union européenne
CLORA, 8, avenue des Arts
B1210 Bruxelles
Belgique
Tél. : +32 2 506 88 48
Fax : +32 2 506 88 45
bruxelles@ird.fr
Afrique
Afrique du Sud, Mozambique, Botswana,
Angola, Zimbabwe
Représentant : Yves Savidan
IRD/Ifas - POB 542
Newtown 2113 Johannesburg
Tél. : (27 11) 836 05 61/64
Fax : (27 11) 836 58 50/27
afrique-du-sud@ird.fr
Bénin, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria
Représentant : Gilles Bezançon (à compter du 01/09)
IRD/SCAC
Ambassade de France au Bénin - Cotonou
IRD
s/c Service de la valise diplomatique
92438 Châtillon cedex
Tél. : (229) 30 03 52/54
Fax : (229) 30 88 60
benin@ird.fr
Burkina Faso, Côte-d’Ivoire
Représentant : Jean-Marc Leblanc
IRD, 01 BP 182 - Ouagadougou 01
Tél. : (226) 50 30 67 37
Fax : (226) 50 31 03 85
burkina-faso@ird.fr
Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, Guinée équatoriale,
République Centrafricaine, République
démocratique du Congo
Représentant : Bruno Bordage (à compter du 01/09)
IRD, BP 1857 - Yaoundé
Tél. : (237) 220 15 08
Fax : (237) 220 18 54
cameroun@ird.fr
Égypte, Jordanie, Liban, Libye, Syrie
Représentant : Saïd Jabbouri
IRD, P.O. Box 26 - Giza
12 211 Le Caire
République Arabe d’Égypte
Tél. : (202) 362 05 30
Fax : (202) 362 24 49
egypte@ird.fr
Kenya, Éthiopie, Tanzanie
Représentant : Jean Albergel
IRD c/o WAX
PO Box 30677 - Nairobi
Tél. : (254) 2 52 47 58
Fax : (254) 2 52 40 01 /52 40 00
kenya@ird.fr
Mali, Guinée
Représentant : Bruno Sicard
IRD, BP 25-28 - Bamako
Tél. : (223) 20 21 05 01
Fax : (223) 20 21 05 12
mali@ird.fr
Maroc
Représentant : Benoît Lootvoet
IRD, BP 89-67 - 15, rue Abou Derr
10000 Rabat Agdal
Tél. : (212) (0) 5 37 67 27 33
Fax : (212) (0) 5 37 67 27 43
maroc@ird.fr
Niger, Tchad
IRD, B.P. 11416 - Niamey
Tél. : (227) 75 38 27
Fax : (227) 75 20 54 / 75 28 04
niger@ird.fr
Sénégal, Gambie, Mauritanie,
Cap-Vert, Guinée-Bissau, Guinée
Représentant : Georges De Noni
IRD, BP 1386 - Dakar
Tél. : (221) 849 35 35 - Fax : (221) 832 43 07
senegal@ird.fr
Tunisie, Algérie
Représentant : Patrick Thonneau
IRD, BP 434 - 1004 El Menzah - Tunis
Tél. : (216) 71 75 00 09 / 71 75 01 83
Fax : (216) 71 75 02 54
tunisie@ird.fr
Amérique latine
Bolivie
Représentant : Bernard Francou
IRD, CP 9214 - 00095 La Paz
Tél. : (591 2) 278 29 69 / 78 49 25
Fax : (591 2) 278 29 44
bolivie@ird.fr
Brésil, Paraguay
Représentant : Frédéric Huynh (à compter du 01/09)
IRD, CP 7091 - Lago Sul
71619-970 Brasilia (DF)
Tél. : (55 61) 248 53 23
Fax : (55 61) 248 53 78
bresil@ird.fr
Chili, Argentine, Uruguay
Représentant : Jean-François Marini
IRD, Casilla 53 390 - Correo Central - Santiago 1
Tél. : (56 2) 236 34 64
Fax : (56 2) 236 34 63
chili@ird.fr
Équateur
Représentant : Jean-Yves Collot
IRD, Apartado Postal 17 12 857 - Quito
Tél. : (593 2) 223 44 36 ou 250 39 44
Fax : (593 2) 250 40 20
equateur@ird.fr
Mexique, États d’Amérique centrale, Cuba
Représentant : Renaud Fichez
Calle Anatole France # 17
Col. Chapultepec Polanco
C.P. 11560
México D.F., Mexico
Tél. (52 5) 280 76 88
Fax (52 55) 52 82 08 00
mexique@ird.fr
Pérou, Colombie, Venezuela
Représentant : Jean-Loup Guyot
(à compter du 01/09)
IRD, Casilla 18 - 1209 - Lima 18
Tél. : (51 1) 4 22 47 19
Fax : (51 1) 2 22 21 74
perou@ird.fr
Océan Indien
Madagascar, Seychelles, États insulaires
de l’océan Indien
Représentant : Sophie Goedefroit
IRD, BP 434 - 101 Antananarivo
Tél. : (261 20) 22 330 98 - Fax : (261 20) 22 369 82
madagascar@ird.fr
Asie
Indonésie, Timor-Leste
Représentant : Jean-Paul Toutain
IRD, Wisma Anugraha, Jalan Taman Kemang 32 B
Jakarta 12730
Tél. : (62 21) 71 79 2114 - Fax : (62 21) 71 79 2179
indonesie@ird.fr
Laos, Cambodge
Représentant : Éric Bénéfice
IRD, B.P. 5992, Vientiane
République du Laos
Tél. / Fax : (856-21) 41 29 93
laos@ird.fr
Thaïlande
Représentant : Régine Lefait-Robin
IRD Representation in Thailand
29 Sathorn thai Road
10120 Bangkok
Tél. : (66 2) 627 21 90 - Fax : (66 2) 627 21 94
thailande@ird.fr
Vietnam
Représentant : Jean-Pascal Torreton
Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound
Appt. 202, Bat.. 2G, 298 Kim Ma - Ba Dinh
Hanoi – Vietnam
Tél. : (84)-(4) 37 34 66 56 - Fax : (84)-(4) 37 34 67 14
vietnam@ird.fr