Name:________________________________
Date:____________
Per:_________
Plant Ecology:
Section 1: Plant responses to their Environment
1) How do plants respond to their environment?
a) All living organism respond to their environment.
b) Plants respond to their environment in 2 ways:
i) Tropisms –
ii)
Hormones –
2) What are different tropisms?
a) Phototropism –
i)
Why do plant stems exhibit phototropism?
b) Gravitropism i)
How do roots exhibit gravitropism?
ii)
How do stems exhibit gravitropism?
iii) Why do plants exhibit gravotropism?
c) Thigmotropismi)
What are some classic examples of thigmotropism?
3) What are different plant Hormones?
a) Most organisms create hormones in response to environmental changes
b) Hormones are usually created in one part of an organism and travel to different cells and tissues.
i) There are 5 main plant hormones:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
4) Auxin.
a) Production:
b) What causes it:
c) Effect:
i)
ii)
(1) Apical Dominance –
5) Cytokinin
a) Production
b) What causes it
c) Effects in the plant
6) How does auxen relate to cytokinin?
7) Ethene
a) Ethane is the only hormone that exist as a gas.
b) Where is it produced:
i)
c) What causes it:
i)
d) Effects of Ethylene:
i)
ii)
8) Gibberellins
a) Where is it produced:
b) What causes it to be produced:
c) Effects of Gibberellins
i)
ii)
9) Abscisic acid
a) Where its produced:
b) What causes its production
c) Effects of adscicic acid
i)
ii)
10) How do Gibberellins relate to Abscisic acid?
Section 2: Interactions Between Plants and Other Organisms
11) Symbiosisa) There are 4 main symbiotic relationships:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
b) Mutualism i) Ex:
c) Commensalismi) Ex:
d) Parasitismi) Ex:
e) Predation-
f)
i)
What is the difference between predation and parasitism?
ii)
How did predators and prey coeveolve?
Competitioni)
What do plants compete for?
Section 3: Interactions between Plants and Humans
12) Humans have been on Earth for 2 million years, but have for only farmed for the last 10,000 years
a) 6 plant species provide 80% of human calories (Wheat, rice, corn, potato, sweet potato, cassava)
b) The more humans farm the more they directly and indirectly interfere with natural plant evolution
c) There are 3 main ways that humans interfere with natural plant evolution
i)
ii)
iii)
13) Selectively breeding plants interferes with natural plant evolution
a) Selective Breedingi) Hybridization –
(1) What type or reproduction is hybridization?
ii)
Inbreeding (1) What type of reproduction is inbreeding?
iii) Genetically Modified (GM) Crops (1) There are many pros and cons to GM crops
(a) Pros of GM Crops
(b) Cons of GM Crops
14) Monocultured crops interferes with natural plant evolution
a) Monoculturesi) Advantages
ii)
Disadvantages
15) The introduction of invasive plant interferes with natural plant evolution
a) Invasive Species -
Section 4: Habitat Destruction & Recovery
16) Habitat destruction happens as a result of an excess negative human interaction with an environment
a) Deforestation is an example of habitat loss
b) Deforestation i) A living forest holds soil in place, so some forests never grow back because of soil erosion
ii) Humans cause deforestation in a number of ways:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
17) Plants (and their habitats) will recover if they are just left alone.
a) Ecological Succession i) Primary Succession(1) Begins after a volcanic explosion or a retreating glacier.
(2) Leaves only bare rock
ii)
Secondary Succession (1) Begins after a forest fire, deforestation and farming
(2) Occurs much faster than primary succession.
(3) Climax Community –