Phases of African-American History
(put these in order)
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Terrorism & Jim Crow turn undo progress
Temporary empowerment
“Separate but equal” legitimized by the courts
“Separate but equal is inherently unequal” (and now
illegal)
Epic battle to end slavery
Slavery a “short-term”(?) solution to a labor supply
problem
Organized resistance & civil disobedience
Constitution and voting (1st time)
Constitution and voting (again!)
Slavery becomes an entire economic and cultural
institution and an inherent part of a region
Phases of African-American History
(put these in order)
1. Slavery a “short-term”(?) solution to a labor supply
problem
2. Slavery becomes an entire economic and cultural
institution and an inherent part of a region
3. Epic battle to end slavery
4. Constitution and voting (1st time)
5. Temporary empowerment
6. Terrorism & Jim Crow turn undo progress
7. “Separate but equal is inherently unequal” (and now
illegal)
8. “Separate but equal” legitimized by the courts
9. Organized resistance & civil disobedience
10. Constitution and voting (again!)
Black Americans - Slavery
• Indentured servitude,
plantation economics &
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Triangle trade (slaves,
molasses, rum)
• Slow growth in slave
population in early 1600s
• 1680s slaves outnumber
whites in planation
economies
• By 1720s, slave pop is self
perpetuating
• Northwest Ordinance of
1787 prohibits slavery in
new territories
• Missouri Compromise
(1820)
• Cotton Gin & cotton
economy
• Freedmen
• Slaves vs wage slaves
• Dred Scott Decision
• Reconstruction –(13th,
14th, 15th Amendments)
Black Americans
• Reconstruction – new
subjugation (KKK, black
codes, sharecropping)
• Migrations to northern
cities
• KKK in the 1920s
• W.E.B. Dubois & NAACP
• Booker T. Washington
• A. Philip Randolph
• C.O.R.E., SCLC, SNCC
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Executive Order 8802
Executive Order 9981
Brown vs Board (1954)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
(1955-1956)
24th Amend (1964) – Poll
Tax
March on D.C. (1963)
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Urban Riots
Native Americans
• Highly advanced
civilizations in Central
America
• Advanced, but less
complex civilizations in
North America
• Hunter-gather & simple
agriculture not strong
enough or organized
enough to resist
European encroachment
• English – evacuate
(removal from land)
• French – negotiate (trade)
• Spanish – subjugate &
integrate (take over &
intermarry)
Native Americans
• Pequot War (1637, CT)
• Pontiac’s Rebellion
• G. Washington recognized
tribes as separate nations &
would negotiate by treaties
• Tecumseh (1813)
• Assimilation & Christianizing
• Georgia, Jackson & the
Cherokee (1828)
• 1830 Indian Removal Act
• Indians defeated in wars
east of Miss. R. (1832-1837)
• Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
• Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
• Indian Reorganization Act
(1934)
• Wounded Knee (1890)
• Eisenhower & push to the
cities; Public Law 280 &
efforts to terminate tribal
recognition
• Alcatraz (1969-1971)&
Wounded Knee (1973)
Women
• Crucial to early New
• New Jersey prohibits
England success (early
property owning women
marriage & booming
from suffrage (1807)
birthrate)
• “Republican Motherhood”
• S. women more
(civic virtue, moral
powerful b/c more
instruction) increased
scarce (but all better off
women’s educational
than women in
opportunities
England)
• Lowell Girls (1840s)
Women
• Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth
Cady Stanton, & Susan
B. Anthony
• Seneca Falls &
Declaration of
Sentiments
• Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
• Margaret Fuller
(transcendentalist
journalist)
• Sarah & Angelina
Grimke (abolition)
• Temperance & abolition
Women
• Growth of big cities and
independent young
women; “New Women”
vs. “Gibson Girls”
• Progressivism,
temperance & early
political empowerment
on the social level
• 19th Amendment (1920)
• 1920s: flappers, sexual
liberation
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Rosie the Riveter
Cult of Domesticity
Women’s Liberation
Inclusion Title VII of the Civil
Rights Act (“accidental”
progress)
• Unsuccessful effort to pass
an Equal Rights Amendment