Thursday 11 July 2013, Strathblane & Cromdale Halls, 16:30-18:30
Poster session C - Instruments - SANS
P.118 The Elastic Scattering Spectrometer (ESS): Technical concept and instrumental details
A Benedetto1 and G Kearley2
1
University College Dublin, Ireland, 2Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization,
Australia
It has been shown that the dynamical relaxation characteristics of soft matter can be conveniently obtained from
the integrated apparent elastic scattering at different energy resolutions. Whereas the theory aspects have been
recently presented in the Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 105115 (2011), here we present a novel instrumental concept.
This consists of an elastic spectrometer that transforms the different resolutions into spatial focussing at the sample
without degrading the information of the relaxation dynamics, and accessing a time range greater than the standard
ones. Conceptually this achieved using a pulsed white beam incident on a crystal monochromator curved to focus
neutrons onto the sample. Neutrons scattered by the sample are reflected by a backscattering crystal-analyser bank
into detectors, in the same way as a conventional backscattering spectrometer, and are distinguished at the
detector by Time-of-Flight (TOF). This idea gives the possibility of measuring elastic scattering with a large number of
energy-resolutions as a single “spectrum”. This spectrometer would have two major advantages. Firstly, it would
allow tight focussing of the beam onto the sample permitting much smaller sample sizes than are currently required
and then will allow the study of many new interesting samples. Secondly, the instrument could be very compact.
This concept is validated by purpose-written software and packages such as McStas, so that the technical details
and performance of such a spectrometer are presented in details. Finally, the concept with technical details able to
work by using a continuous source is also presented.
P.119 Countering the effects of gravity on and small angle neutron scatterng instrument
B Cubitt, R Schweins and P Lindner
Institut Laue Langevin, France
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful technique for determining chemical, biological and hard matter
structures of materials over a wide range of length-scales. There is a wide range of research using neutron scattering
to probe structures in the micron range. This varies from the fractal nature of rocks to self organized polymer
structures [1]. For example the SANS instrument D11 can see the size of polymers or proteins but if they clump
together to the size of microns the instrument is unable to resolve the super-structure. The larger the size of the
objects the smaller the scattering angles and the longer the collimation and detector distances need to be. D11 is
already the longest SANS instrument in the world at nearly 80 m. In addition, in order to determine the structure of
materials in the micron range long neutron wavelengths are required. The combination of the slow speed of long
wavelength neutrons coupled with the large distances of the instrument result in a significant displacement of the
beam with gravity. This can affect the neutron flux available, the resolution, the completeness of the signal on the
detector and hence the largest length-scales that can be measured. Previous ideas of canceling the effects of
gravity have used prisms [2] but this approach has problems working over the full height associated with typical
sample sizes. We describe a different method using simple mirrors that can be exploited using existing components
of SANS instruments and results in reducing the minimum momentum transfer by a factor of 5 [3].
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P.120 Numerical evaluation of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument resolution using real-shape
kernels
C Dewhurst
Institut Laue Langevin, France
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measurements are used for the investigation of material structures over the
sub-micron down to nanometer length scale in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Due to the intensity limitations
of neutron sources the instrument resolution is often relaxed and measured data are typically smeared by finite and
sometimes rather poor instrument resolution. The instrument resolution, therefore, plays an important role in the
correct evaluation and model fitting to SANS data with contributions, for the most part, due to the wavelength
spread, Δλ, and beam divergence, Δθ. Additional smearing occurs due to finite detector resolution and software
procedures such as averaging or regrouping during data treatment. Instrumental smearing effects not only distort
the spatial resolution of the underlying intrinsic scattering function but can also lead to an apparent mismatch in
intensity and changes in slope and curvature between overlapping measurements for different instrument
configurations. Here, we demonstrate a useful approach to accurately represent the instrument resolution using
numerical 'real-shape' kernel weighting functions that can be modeled, convoluted and recombined throughout the
data treatment process without approximation or loss of smearing information. The numerical technique
demonstrated here is particularly appropriate for the regrouping of time-of-flight (TOF) SANS data where a particular
scattering vector, q, is measured using many wavelengths, at different angles, and therefore with different
resolutions, while preserving information about the underlying resolution or smearing function of the regrouped
data.
P.121 SANS in the µm²-range: opportunities and limits
J Fenske, V Haramus, R Kampmann, H Eckerlebe and R Willumeit
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
SANS instruments with neutron beam cross sections in the range of mm2 or even down to a few tens of µm2 are
strongly requested in biology as well as in soft matter research and material science. The small cross sections
enable new SANS measurements which are generally only be performed at synchrotron source (SAXS), e.g. the
scanning of domains in microstructured materials or the analysis of smallest sample volumes. A challenge of the
small dimensions is the neutron flux. Upcoming new neutron sources like the long pulsed European Spallation
Source (ESS) will offer a higher brilliance than before and together with improved neutron optics it will enable such
class of SANS measurements.
In this work we will discuss the opportunities and limits of a SANS instrument for very small samples. The discussion
will base on McStas simulations and a design concept optimized for the pulse structure at the ESS. It includes the
question how the neutron flux on the small sample area can be increased by the use of different focusing elements,
e.g. parabolic and elliptic guides. Furthermore we will compare different concepts which deal with the unavoidable
increased divergence due to the focusing of the neutron beam.
P.122 KWS-1 high resolution SANS instrument with polarization analysis
A Feoktystov, H Frielinghaus, Z Di, S Staringer, R Hanslik, M Heiderich and H Kleines
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
The KWS-1 is dedicated to high resolution measurements due to its 10% wavelength selector. With the chopper the
wavelength uncertainty is reduced to 1%. Magnetic samples will be studied with the full polarization analysis. In
front of the collimation, a 3-cavity polarizer with V-shaped mirrors is placed. The full bandwidth of 4.5 to 20Å will be
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covered with min. 90% (95% typical) polarization. A radio frequency spin flipper allows for changing the
polarization. The polarization analysis will be realized with 3He-cells. Vertical magnets are used to render the
magnetic field at the sample position. Thin films can be well studied in the grazing incidence geometry (GISANS). A
hexapod will allow for positioning the sample with 0.01mm and 0.01° precision. Classical soft-matter systems will
be investigated on KWS-1 if the resolution is needed. Biological samples can be handled due to the detector
distance of ca. 1m, which will allow for maximal scattering angles of Q=0.5Å-1.
The MgF2 lenses are used for the high flux mode with large sample areas, while the resolution stays in the classical
SANS range. These enhanced intensities allow for real time measurements in the 1/10 second region (typical 1s).
The chopper in parallel allows for studying faster dynamics in the ms range. The so-called TISANE mode interlocks
the chopper frequency with the excitation field frequency and with the detection binning. The precise consideration
of the flight times allows for higher precision compared to classical stroboscopic illuminations.
P.123 High intensity SANS instrument for the ESS
H Frielinghaus
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
The high intensity SANS for the ESS is optimized for highest intensities on conventionally large samples of 1x1
cm2. Therefore, the size of the instrument takes the classical 20 + 20m configuration. Additional 7m are used for a
bender to avoid fast neutrons and an optional polarizer with cavities in transmission geometry. The collimation is
separated in 8 + 12 meter sections being narrow for spatial reasons and wider for allowing focussing elements
and/or SESANS or other options inside the collimation. Four choppers are also placed in the collimation region for
selecting the desired wavelength band. Two 1x1m2 detectors are placed in the detector tube. The closer one leaves
a hole for the remote one. Scintillation technique will allow for count rates of up to 100MHz. Benchmark simulations
in comparison to existing instruments will be presented.
P.124 SANS instrument with bandpass filter focusing optics
J Füzi, Z László and R László
1
Wigner RCP Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungary
The focusing small angle neutron scattering spectrometer (FSANS) developed at the Budapest Neutron Centre is
endowed with a flexible optical bench, able to accommodate a larger variety of collimation optics (sample and
detector movement to allow variation of incoming beam position and direction). The 4-chopper flight time definition
system is used – in regular operation – for energy determination necessary for scattering vector computation. It also
allows accurate and extensive testing of two experimental solutions for energy (wavelength) bandpass filtering
neutron beam focusing optical systems. In the first option a supermirror on a transparent substrate acts as highpass
energy filter setting the lower wavelength limit and the coating of the Kirkpatrick-Baez elliptical focusing mirrors
provide the higher wavelength limit. The selection of the wavelength range and resolution can be set by variation of
the mean reflecting angles on the various mirror surfaces. The limiting factors (coma aberration for out-of-focus
source positions) are evaluated and experimentally verified. The second solution is based on bandpass filter coating
on one of the elliptical mirrors. The instrument parameters – scattering vector range and resolution, beam intensity
on sample – are determined and neutron beam test results reported for the various configurations.
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P.125 Recent results from Quokka, the 40 m SANS instrument at OPAL
E Gilbert, K Wood and C Garvey
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
Quokka is the 40 m pin-hole small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument at the OPAL reactor at ANSTO. The
instrument spans a q range from 0.0006 to > 0.7 reciprocal Angstrom where the lowest value is achieved via
focusing optics. Quokka is capable of incident beam polarisation studies and will shortly commence commissioning
of the polarisation analysis system. Here we describe the instrument design, the results from a broad selection of
measurements performed on Quokka as well as highlighting the range of sample environments available, many of
which are unique to the instrument and developed in-house.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
E.P. Gilbert, J.C. Schulz and Terry J. Noakes, Physica B, 385-386 (2006) 1180-1182.
J. Doutch et al., Carbohydrate Polymers, 88 (2012) 1061–1071.
J. Blazek and E.P. Gilbert, Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Native Starch Granule Structure,
Biomacromolecules 11 (2010) 3275-3289.
S.A. Pullen et al., Measurement Science and Technology 19 (2008) 65707-65714.
S.H. Wang et al, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011) 11941-11950.
P.126 The new small-angle neutron scattering instrument SANS-1 at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz ForschungsNeutronenquelle (FRM II): First results
R Gilles1, S Muehlbauer1, A Wilhelm1, Z Karl1, I Defendi1, A Heinemann2, H Eckerlebe2, M Mueller2, A Schreyer2 and
W Petry1
1
Technische Universität München, 2Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
The new small-angle scattering instrument SANS-1, a project of the Technische Universität München and the
Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht has started operation with friendly users and is opened for users. This contribution
describes the first results of gold foil activation analysis measurements, reference samples as AgBE and first user
experiments.
Results of Monte Carlo simulations lead to a concept with a vertical S-shaped neutron guide incldung extreme
suppression of fast background neutrons optimized for complementary wavelength packages, a tower with two
eligible selectors, one for medium resolution at high intensity and one for high resolution (optional), followed by two
optimised Fe/Si transmission polarisers. After passing the polarizer component a collimation system with four
parallel horizontal tracks is installed: One track is occupied with a neutron guide, another one with apertures for an
exactly defined collimation length and divergence. A laser system and position sensitive detectors for precise and
reproducible alignment are mounted on the third track. The last track is equipped with background apertures.
The acentric detector tube of around 2.4 m inner diameter and exceeding 22m length allows the use of an area
detector of 1x1 m2 size with lateral movement of more than 0.5 m on all distances. This sidewise detector movement
provides, especially for measurements without beam stop, a very large simultaneously Q-range covering with better
statistics at larger Q values in comparison to the position of the detector symmetrically around the beam center.
The first measurements at SANS-1 confirm the high performance of the new instrument.
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P.127 What is learnt about SANS instruments and data reduction from round robin measurements? – a polymer
latex ‘standard’
M Hellsing1, A Rennie1, K Wood2, E Gilbert2, L Porcar3, R Schweins3, C Dewhurst3, P Lindner3, R Heenan4, S Rogers4,
P Butler5, J Krzywon5, R Ghosh6, A Jackson7 and M Malfois8
1
Uppsala University, Sweden, 2Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia, 3Institut Laue
Langevin, France, 4ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, 5NIST Center for Neutron Research,
USA, 6University College London, UK, 7European Spallation Source ESS AB, 8Diamond Light Source Ltd, UK
Measurement of a characterised sample allows verification of the performance of an instrument as well as the data
reduction and analysis software. This process is valuable to verify both the reproducibility and the reliability of a
given instrument and to assess the accuracy of parameters derived from the data. Typically, small-angle neutron
scattering instruments are used to investigate a wide range of samples and may often be used in a number of
configurations. A corresponding variety of ‘standard’ samples is useful to test different aspects of the performance
of both hardware and software. The present work describes results of measurements of polystyrene latex samples
with a number of instruments. Scattering from monodisperse, uniform spherical particles is simple to calculate and
when measured over a suitable range of momentum transfer displays sharp minima. If salt is added to the
dispersion, the effects of interparticle correlations can be reduced to a very low level. Such simple scattering
patterns test the calibrations of intensity, wavelength and resolution as well as the detector response.
P.128 Small angle scattering at the European Spallation Source
A Jackson1, R Willumeit2, H Frielinghaus3, L Arleth4, J Kohlbrecher5, J Jestin6 and W Bouwman7
1
European Spallation Source, 2Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany, 3Forschungszentrum Juelich,
Germany, 4University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 5Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, 6Laboratoire Léon Brillouin,
France, 7Technische Universiteit Delft, Netherlands
The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be a long pulse 5MW spallation neutron source built in Lund, Sweden. It
is expected that 7 out of a final suite of 22 instruments will enter commissioning in 2019, with the remainder
coming online by 2025. The Instrument Design Update project is examining a range of instrument concepts in order
to determine their suitability for the long pulse structure and to estimate their expected performance.
Since SANS instruments can operate with a somewhat relaxed resolution, there should be a large benefit from the
ability to make use of most, if not all, of the long pulse and the significant flux gain over existing sources that this
implies.
In order to harness the full potential of the ESS, scientists from countries across Europe are providing in-kind
support to the project. They are working together with scientists at the ESS to develop an optimised suite of SANS
instrumentation to meet the future needs of the scientifically broad SANS user community. In particular, multiple
concepts are being developed for instrumentation with different optimisations for small samples, high flux, and
broad simultaneous Q range. In addition to conventional SANS instruments, concepts for GISANS, VSANS and spinecho modulated SANS are also being studied.
These concepts, the current status of the project and its future outlook will be presented.
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P.129 Ultra-small-angle polarised neutron scattering on magnetic ribbons
E Jericha, C Gösselsberger and G Badurek
Vienna University of Technology, Atominstitut, Austria
Ultra-small-angle scattering of polarised neutrons (USANSPOL) allows for the study of magnetic microstructure. The
technique takes advantage from the narrow angular width of the Bragg reflection by perfect crystals and is
employed in a double-crystal configuration of channel-cut perfect silicon crystals. Polarisation of the neutron beam
is obtained by placing magnetic prisms between the monochromator and the analyser crystal. Then, samples are
placed between the polariser prisms and the analyser crystal. Scattering of spin-up and spin-down neutrons is
recorded in a single measurement and identified by an angular shift of their respective scattering curves. We have
developed a special sample environment and handling system by which anisotropic samples may be aligned in
different orientations and be subjected to varying external magnetic fields and mechanical stresses. Here, we
present new experimental results on magnetic ribbons which represent both novel technologically relevant complex
materials which are currently developed for use as magnetic sensors and actuators as well as illustrative examples
for developing the USANSPOL technique. These measurements allow an assessment of the native sample state
which may exhibit form anisotropy due to the specific manufacturing process. Recording of the scattered neutron
intensity under different sample orientations is essential for non-isotropic structures. The evolution of the magnetic
structure from this starting point is seen from experiments with applied external magnetic field and/or mechanical
stress of varying strength and can be followed up to the angular resolution limit of the technique.
P.130 SANS multitube helium-3 position sensitive detector system for use in low to medium vacuum systems
N Johnson and B Olechnowicz
GE Reuter Stokes, USA
Many of the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments in operation today are mounted inside vacuum
chambers where the pressure varies from <760 Torr to 10-3 Torr. When Helium-3 linear position sensitive detectors
(LPSDs) are operated under these vacuum conditions, high voltage breakdown is likely to occur, resulting in
equipment damage. Various technologies have been developed to enable operation under these vacuum
conditions, including large monolithic aluminum enclosures where the high voltage electronics are mounted inside a
pressurized air chamber. Alternatively, the high voltage electronics can be mounted outside of the vacuum chamber;
however this results in the need for additional electronic shielding and pressure containment adaptations. This
paper proposes a novel design that allows 8 mm diameter LPSD’s to operate in a poor vacuum environment without
the concern of high voltage breakdown, while still maintaining a compact modular 8-Pack configuration. The
proposed design requires less Helium-3 than many current systems, has lower installation and maintenance costs,
and exhibits a higher neutron count rate capability.
P.131 A novel SANS detector geometry
K Kanaki1, A Jackson1, R Hall-WIlton1, T Kittelmann1, F Piscitelli2, O Kirstein1 and K H Andersen1
1
ESS, Sweden, 2Institut Laue Langevin, France
A novel detector geometry for Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) applications is presented and its performance
evaluated. Such a novel geometry is ideally suited for a SANS instrument at the European Spallation Source (ESS).
Motivated by the low availability and high price of Helium3, the new concept utilizes gaseous detectors with
Boron10 as the neutron converter. The shape of the detector is inspired from an optimization process based on the
conversion material properties. Advantages over the detector geometry traditionally used on SANS instruments are
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discussed. Important aspects of the detector characteristics are both analytically calculated and simulated and the
progress on the conceptual prototype design is presented.
P.132 New 2D detector of SANS instrument V4 at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
U Keiderling, S Prevost, T Wilpert, S Alimov and C Schulz
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany
The V4 SANS instrument has recently been upgraded with a new large 2D detector, replacing the previous LETI-type
multi-wire proportional chamber. The new detector consists of an array of 112 linear position sensitive 3He-filled
tubes with 8 mm diameter from company Reuter-Stokes. Three different tube lengths of 1000 mm, 850 mm and
600 mm are utilized to maximize the detection area within the circular cross-section of the existing detector
chamber. The detector is equipped with 3 movable beam stops. A built-in elevator allows a detector lift of 150 mm
at the front position closest to the sample to increase the detected range of the scattering vector Q, and a detector
lift of a few mm at all other positions for fine-adjustment of the tubes relative to the beam axis. The mechanical
design has been developed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. The detector electronics and the interface were supplied
by company Mesytec. They allow for event recording in time-stamp mode where each detected neutron, chopper
pulse or any other event is stored with precise time information (100 ns LSB) in a binary file. Any correlation in time
between these events can be made offline; wrong data may be filtered out. This option is inevitable, amongst other
applications, for the new time-resolved TISANE technique that was recently set up at the V4 instrument, allowing the
investigation of kinetic processes in the microsecond range. The poster presents an overview of the detector design,
figures of merit, and first results.
P.133 Two dimensional, wide Q range data representation of SANS scattering patterns
A Len2 and P Harmat1
1
ANTE Innovative Technologies, 2Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungary
Modern Small Angle Neutron Scattering instruments operate with two dimensional position sensitive detectors.
Often the scattering intensities registered by the detector in one single measurement originate from samples
containing a mixture of significantly different objects or scattering particles. They can have huge size, random
orientation and/or a specific direction inside the sample, and these characteristics result in a very complex
scattering intensity distribution. In such cases the scattering intensities has to be measured in a broad Q range by
applying several sample to detector distances and wavelengths, and finally difficulties in finding an adequate fitting
model arise. A new, two dimensional representation of the small angle scattering data, arising from different SANS
experiments covering wide Q range, even from several order of magnitudes, is presented. It allows a better
visualization of the two dimensional data providing a tool for finding adequate models for complex systems.
P.134 Inelastic incoherent scattering from water in SANS experiments
G Nagy1, S Kynde2, K H Klenø2, S Prévost3, N Skar-Gislinge2, L Arleth2 and J Kohlbrecher1
1
Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, 2University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 3Technischen Universität Berlin, Germany
In small-angle neutron scattering experiments biological and soft matter samples are often studied in solution. The
solvent is mostly based on a mixture of H2O and D2O with various ratios, providing the possibility for contrast
variation. On conventional SANS instruments scattering of neutrons from H2O produces an approximately flat
incoherent background. However, when investigating such samples on time-of-flight SANS instruments, special
attention has to be taken on the partly inelastic nature of the scattering. The question have been studied earlier
[1,2] mostly through time-of-flight SANS experiments. Here we present our theoretical, simulation and experimental
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results on the problem. We derive from density of states data, available from molecular dynamics simulation [3],
the scattering function of water. We show a comparison between our experimental results on water at a chopped
setup of SANS I at PSI and the scattering functions implemented in a McStas virtual instrument of SANS I and of the
proposed ESS Bio-SANS beamline. We discuss methods for partial suppression of neutrons scattered inelastically
from water in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and proposed implementation of these techniques as
optional setups for the future SANS instruments at ESS, while considering their limitations.
[1]
Ghosh RE & Rennie AR 1990 Inst Phys Conf Ser 107:233 [2] Heenan RK & Rennie AR 1993 ICANS XII,
RAL Report 94-025 1:241 [3] Corongiu G & Clementi E 1993 J Chem Phys 98:1984
P.135 Development of polarized neutron utilization system at the small and wide angle neutron scattering
instrument TAIKAN of J-PARC
K Ohishi1, J Suzuki1, S Takata2, T Shinohara2, T Oku2, T Tominaga2, T Nakatani2, Y Inamura2, H Iwase1, T Ito1, H Kira1,
K Suzuya2, K Aizawa2, M Arai2, T Otomo2 and M Sugiyama3
1
CROSS, 2J-PARC Center, 3Kyoto University, Japan
The small and wide angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN is designed for efficient measurement in wide-q
range of 5.0x10-4 20Å-1 by using both intense pulsed neutrons in broad wavelength bandwidth of 0.5 8.0Å and
detectors covering wide scattering angle. In the upper stream of TAIKAN, optical devices are installed. Those are six
slits, two types of collimators for large or small beam size and two polarizers, and are combined to control the size,
divergence and polarization of a neutron beam. With unpolarized neutrons we started the beam commissioning in
January 2012 and users program in March 2012. We could then install a multi-channel V-shaped magnetic supermirror cavity and produce polarized neutrons with the polarization more than 90% for the neutron wavelength above
4Å and the size of 40 mm x 40 mm in October 2012. At the presentation, we show the characterization of the
polarized neutron beam and the results of experiments on the magnetic materials in particular using polarized
neutrons.
P.136 A multipurpose SANS instrument using Larmor labelling techniques
J Plomp1, A van Well1, L van Eijck1, W Bouwman1, S Rogers2, R Dalgliesh2 and C Pappas1
1
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 2ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
The second phase of instruments is under construction at the second target station at ISIS. One of the new
instruments, LARMOR, is a Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument that can accommodate a rich flavour
of Larmor labelling techniques.
ISIS is designing and constructing the basic Time-Of-Flight (TOF) polarized SANS instrument that will see its first
neutrons at the end of 2013. Delft University of Technology is developing and producing the Larmor labelling
components and together with the University of Groningen and Eindhoven a scientific program is launched to exploit
these Larmor labelling techniques.
The foreseen modes of the LARMOR instrument include; SANS, Polarized SANS, Spin Echo SANS (SESANS), basic
diffraction, High Resolution Larmor Diffraction (HRLD), Neutron Resonance Spin Echo (NRSE), Modulated Intensity
by Zero Effort (MIEZE), Modulated Intensity SANS (MISANS) and Time Of Flight LARmor precession (TOFLAR). These
techniques combined on a single beam line will cover a large area in the structure and time domain with the
opportunity to combine techniques during one session. This project will also trigger questions on how to design and
operate such a complicated instrument that is a collaboration between many parties. These questions will become
increasingly important when new spallation sources become active.
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P.137 KWS-2, the high-intensity / wide q-range small-angle neutron diffractometer with tunable resolution for softmatter and biophysics at FRM II
A Radulescu1, N K Szekely1, H Frielinghaus1, A Feoktystov1, A Ioffe1 and D Richter2
1
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 2Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and
Institute for Complex Systems ICS, Germany
The small-angle neutron diffractometer KWS-2 dedicated to investigation of soft condensed matter and biophysical
systems was recently subject of a major upgrading aiming for boosting its performance with respect to the intensity
on the sample, Q-range covered and instrumental resolution. The instrument was equipped with focusing elements
(MgF2 parabolic lenses), a double-disc chopper (5Hz-200Hz) with variable slit opening and a secondary highresolution position-sensitive detector (0.45mm space resolution). The flexibility and versatility of the instrument
were enhanced by the commissioning of the new options which, besides the conventional pinhole setup, became
operational since 2013: (i) the high-intensity mode – up to 12 times intensity gain compared to the conventional
pinhole mode, based on the use of large samples, up to 5cm in diameter, while preserving the resolution; (ii)
tunable resolution mode – enables improved characterization of the scattering features within different Q ranges by
varying Δλ/λ between 2% and 20%; (iii) the extended Q-range mode (up to 1x10-4Å-1) by means of lenses and
high-resolution detector, which, combined with the pinhole mode, allows for the exploration of a continuous length
scale from 1nm to one micron.
Finally, KWS-2 was very recently equipped with a high-efficiency polarizing super-mirror, which allows for studies of
soft-matter systems with magnetic properties. In future, the use of a 3He based wide-angle spin-analyser [1] is
planned, which will provide the ability to measure weak coherent signals in the high Q-range and to unambiguously
characterize small soft-matter and biological systems.
[1]
E. Babcock et al., Physics Procedia (in press)
P.138 Small-angle neutron scattering at ISIS
S Rogers1, R Heenan1, A Terry1, S King1, R Dalgliesh1 and J Plomp2
1
ISIS, STFC, UK, 2Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is a powerful technique for determining microstructure in the range of tens
to thousands of Angstroms. SANS on a pulsed source has the significant advantage of a wide simultaneous Q range
which is ideal when studying systems containing a broad range of lengthscales. At ISIS there are currently two
operational SANS beamlines, Loq and Sans2d, with two further, Larmor and Zoom, under construction. Loq is
positioned on the first target station and has demonstrated the power of the technique at a pulsed source. Building
on the success of this beamline, Sans2d was designed and built on the cold neutron optimized second target
station, TS-2. The added flexibility and improved optics of this beamline coupled with the lower rep rate of TS-2 has
allowed Sans2d to achieve a uniquely wide simultaneous Q range with increased flux and improved signal to noise
when compared to Loq. Both Larmor and Zoom are positioned on TS-2 and will initially be conventional SANS
beamlines with the option of a polarized incident beam. Larmor will additionally offer Spin-Echo SANS (SESANS)
and Larmor diffraction capabilities as part of an on-going collaboration with TU-Delft, the Netherlands. The second
stage of construction for these beamlines will allow Larmor to perform dynamic measurements using Modulated
Intensity Experiment with Zero Effect (MIEZE) SANS and Neutron Resonant Spin-Echo (NRSE) spectroscopy, whilst
for Zoom the installation of neutron focusing devices will allow access to smaller Q (~0.0003 Å -1). Current science
highlights from the existing ISIS SANS beamlines will be displayed here alongside the progress of the future
beamlines and a taste of the new science to come.
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P.139 BILBY: new time-of-flight small angle scattering instrument in Australia
A Sokolova
Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
Number of large facilities provides access to SAS X-rays (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) instruments. Australian Nuclear
Science and technology Organization (ANSTO, Sydney, Australia) successfully operates one SANS instrument
Quokka and recently commenced construction of the second SANS instrument, Bilby. The Bilby is Time-of-Flight
instrument built on reactor neutron source. The commissioning of the instrument is scheduled for February, 2014.
The design (in particular, set-up of four choppers which similar to that design for D33 instrument (Dewhurst, 2008)
at ILL) opens possibility to vary wavelength resolution in the wide range (from 4% to 30%) satisfying various
scientists’ requirements.
Two arrays of position sensitive detectors in combination with utilizing of wide wavelength range (from 3Å to 20Å)
provide capability to collect scattering data of wide angular range without changing experimental set-up. Capability
of white beam' use opens possibility to collect fast kinetics data. Additional hardware add-on will allow to use
instrument in slit mode and therefore get data at very low Q ( 2·10-4Å-1).
The presentation will be focused on general concept and unique features of the new SANS instrument. Possibilities
of "non-standard" experiment which will be available in fields of applied science, in particular in biotechnology and
medicine, in metal and in magnetic devices industry will be shown.
[1]
[2]
Sokolova, A. http://www.ansto.gov.au/research/bragg_institute/facilities/instruments/bilby_-_2nd_
small- angle_neutron_scattering_instrument
Dewhurst, C.D. Measurement Science and Technology 19, 2008, 034007-1-034007-8.
http://www.ill.eu/?id=7077
P.140 Towards 2D spatial resolved SANS
M Strobl1, J Plomp2, F Wieder3, C Duif2, N Kardjilov3, A Hilger3, I Manke3, A Tremsin4 and W Bouwman2
1
ESS-AB, Sweden, 2 Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, 3 Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany
4
University of California, Berkely, USA
Inducing spatial beam modulation can be used to detect small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) signals. This has
been applied and demonstrated recently, utilizing in one case a grating interferometer and in another case a
corresponding spin-echo set-up, respectively. While in the first case the potential of qualitative measurements of
SANS, but with 2-dimensional spatial resolution have proven significantly valuable for imaging applications, in the
latter case quantitative SANS experiments in the very small angle domain have been performed using spin-echo
beam modulation (SEMSANS). Combining both approaches hence allows for realizing 2-dimensional spatial
resolved quantitative SANS measurements without requiring e.g. a scan of a pencil beam, but by illuminating an
extended sample fully. Grating interferometer measurements have been performed at the CONRAD imaging
beamline at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB)[1,2], while SEMSANS measurements have been done at a
monochromatic (SESANS) and a time-of-flight beamline (WESP) at the Reactor Institute Delft (RID)[3,4]. Both
techniques and the achieved results will be introduced and discussed as well as proof of principle measurements
towards 2D spatial resolved quantitative SANS and corresponding perspectives and potential limitations.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
M. Strobl et al. PRL 2008
I. Manke et al. Nature Comm. 2011
M. Strobl et al. JAP 2012
M. Strobl et al. Physica B 2012
ICNS 2013 International Conference on Neutron Scattering