Biology II Introduction
Scientific Method
Steps of the Scientific Method
1. ____________________
2. _______________________
3. Experimental D_______________
4. ____________ (_____________ the Data)
Important Scientific Method Terms
Control  Factor in an experiment that _________
_______________________. All good experiments
have ___________________________
Variable  Factor in the experiment _________.
The ___________________ in an experiment, the
___________________.
Theory  Hypothesis that is ___________________
____________________
Anatomy & Physiology Introduction
Anatomy – study of _________________________
Physiology- study of _____________________
Anatomy & Physiology are linked because ______
____________________
Example:
Heart- Ventricles of heart consist of _____________
These muscles are used expel _______________ of
the rest of the body
TeethMolars are ___________; used for ___________
Canines & incisors are ________; used for
________________________
Levels of Structure and Organization in the Body
Level
Example
Characteristics of Life
1. Made of __________________
2. ________________________________
3. Universal __________________________
4. Growth and _________________________
Growth- Increase in amount of ______________ in
an organism
Development- Series of changes an organism
undergoes in ________________________
5. Obtain & use ______________ (from food or sun)
6. Respond to their ______________________
Stimulus: anything in an organism’s environment that
causes _____________________
7. Homeostasis: Organisms maintain
__________________internal conditions regardless
of external changes
Examples?
8. Evolve: Species ________________ over time
Requirements of Organisms
Water- used for _________________;
______________ of molecules, _____________of
body temperature
Food- provide ___________________; ___________
for building new molecules
Oxygen- Used to release ________________; drives
_________________
Heat- Increases the _______________________ in
the body
Pressure- application of a ________________; aids
in _____________(atmospheric pressure) and
_______________ (blood pressure)
Homeostasis & Feedback Loops
The stabilization of internal conditions is governed
by ________________
1. __________ = cells or parts of cells that provide
_____________________________
environment
2. Control Center = usually ______ or _____.
Tells the body what the internal environment
__________
3. Effectors = __________________ that _______
____________ of the internal environment
Negative Feedback Loop: _________________
______________; ________________ registers
deviation, and effectors _____________________
Example: Body _____________, ____________
& ________________ (book)
Organization of the Human Body
Axial Portion ________________
Appendicular Portion  _______________
Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity  Cranial and ________________
Ventral Cavity  ______________________ and Pelvic
Cavities
Cavity Membranes
Serous Membranes  Line ____________________
organs in place
Examples:
Pleural Membranes  Line the ____________
Pericardial Membrane Lines the _____________
Peritoneal Membrane  Lines the _______________
An Introduction to the Human Body
Directional Terms
Superior toward the __________________________
Example: The ______________________________
Inferior Away ________________________________
Example: The ______________________________
Anterior  toward the______________________; a body
lying in the prone position has its
______________________. In the supine position it is
_______________________
Example  The ___________________________
Posterior  Toward the_________________________
Example: The ____________________________
Medial  Nearer to the_______________________. The
midline is an ______________________________that
divides the body into _____________________________
Example: The ______________________________
Lateral  Farther _______________________________
Example: The ______________________________
Intermediate  ___________________________
Example: Your ___________________ to
your ____________________________________
Ipsilateral  On the _____________________________
Example: The ______________________________
Contralateral  On the _______________________
Example: The ___________________________
Proximal  Nearer ______________________;_______.
Example: The __________________________
Distal ___________________________________;
_________________
Example: The _______________________________
Superficial  Toward __________________________
Example: The _____________________________
Visceral  Toward _____________________________
Example: The _______________________________
Parietal  Forming the _________________________
Example  The __________________________
___________________
Sagittal Planes and Body Symmetry
Anatomical terminology is
____________________the cuts or divisions within
the human body
Divisions of the Body
Sagittal Plane  _________________________into
2 parts; ___________________
Frontal Plane ________________________into 2
parts; __________________________
Transverse Plane  Divides the body
__________________________________
Subdivisions of Anatomy & Physiology
Gross Anatomy  Study of _____________________________
_____________________
Systemic Anatomy  Study of _____________________
Radiographic Anatomy  Study of _____________________
Developmental Anatomy  Study of ___________________
Embryology  Study of _________________________
Histology  Study of __________
Cytology  Study of ____________
Pathological Anatomy  Study of ______________________
_________________________
Pathophysiology  Study of __________________________
_______________________
Neurophysiology  Study of the _______________________
Endocrinology  Study of _______________________
Immunology  Study of _____________________
Renal Physiology  Study of _____________________