Inventor Survey on Innovation (US-Japan Comparative Tables, by Organization)
イノベーションに関する発明者調査(日米比較表、組織類型別)
Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)
経済産業研究所
October 2009
Explanation:
The following tables provide comparisons of the results of the inventor
survey in Japan and the US by organaizational affiliation of inventors. The
survey in Japan was conducted by RIETI (Research Institute of Economy,
Trade and Industry) between January and May in 2007. It collected
information on 3,658 triadic patents, with priority years from 1995 to 2001.
The survey in the US was conducted by the Georgina Institute of
Technology between June and November 2007, in collaboration with RIETI,
and collected information on 1,919 patents, with 2000-2003 priority years.
Interested persons are invited to refer to RIETI discussion papers for the
analysis of the innovation process based on the survey results. For details
on the survey methodology, please refer to Appendix 1 of the discussion
papers, "The R&D process in the US and Japan: Major findings from the
RIETI-Georgia Tech inventor survey" or "Commercialization and other use
of patents in Japan and the US: Major findings from the RIETI-Georgia
Tech inventor survey".
Contents:
There are 6 sections: A: DEMOGRAPHY, B: EDUCATION, C:
EMPLOYMENT AND MOBILITY, D: PURPOSE & PROCESS OF THE
INVENTION, E: INVENTORS’ MOTIVATIONS and F: USE OF THE
INVENTION AND PATENING REASONS.
Contributors
These tables are prepared by Sadao Nagaoka (RIETI and Institute of
innovation Research of Hitotsubashi University), John P. Walsh (School of
Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology), Naotoshi Tsukada
(Hitotsubashi University), Wang Tingting (Hitotsubashi University), Tsai
Yung-yun (Hitotsubashi University), Hsin-I Huang (Georgia Institute of
Technology), Taehyun Jung (Georgia Institute of Technology) and Yeonji
No (Georgia Institute of Technology).
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Notes on the tables:
1.The Japanese data is on the left-hand side and the US data is on the righthand side for most equivalent questions. The corresponding question number in
the Japanese questionaire or in the US questionaire in indicated is each page.
2. Organizations are categorized into seven categories, based on the
respondent’s answer to the quest ion “Which of the following best describes the
type of the organization where you worked when you invented this patent? ” The
seven categories of the organation are as follows:
1) Large firm (cut point: 500 employees)
2) Medium firm (cut points: 250 employees and 500 employees)
3) Small firm (cut points: 100 employees and 250 employees)
4) Very small firm (cut point:100 employees)
5) University or college
6) Other (including national, state/prefecture or local government research
institute, hospital (including university hospitals), non-profit research institute,
etc.)
7) Unknown/missing (the respondent did not answer the question)
There are slight differences in the three cut points for firm size in the two
countries: very small firm: (JP: 100 or less; US: less than 100), small firm: (JP: 101250; US: 100-250), medium firm (JP: 251-500; US: 250-500), and large firm: (JP: 501
or more; US: 501 or more).
3. In general, we report cell counts for all the answer categories for each
question, including missing/no-response, and don’t know, except for skipped
(for questions with skip logic). We also report percent distributions across
answer categories. These percentages are calculated on valid responses,
excluding missing/no-response, don’t know, and skipped from the
denominator.
4. In addition to cell counts, for interval variables, we report means, standard
deviations (s.d.), median (the middle value), p90 (the 90 th percentile value, i.e.,
the value for which 90% of respondents have a lower score), and the interquartile range (the difference between the value of the 75 th percentile and the
25th percentile).
5. In order to protect respondent confidentiality, we report only aggregated
figures. For some questions, the number of valid responses in the US was so
few (less than four) that disclosing the answers would violate this
confidentiality. This is especially likely when dividing the answers by
organization type and when there are skip logics. Therefore, in cases where
there were fewer than four answers in any row of a table, we masked all the
answers with "XX". Because the rows sum to the All totals, we always
masked at least two rows. If only one row had insufficient responses, we
chose Unknown/missing, or Others (if Unknown was the sparse row), as the
second row to mask. Fortunately, for the Japanese data, due to the larger
sample size, there were no cases of rows with less than 4 respondents.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHY
Question 1-1 Age at patent application(出願時の年齢）
p2 JP (日本)
p3 US (米国)
Reference: Country of Birth only in the US survey (参考:誕生国、米国の質問票のみ)
p5 US(米国) (Home v.s. Foreign Birth 年齢、誕生国が自国対外国 )
Question 1-3 Gender（性別)
p6 JP (日本)
p7 US (米国)
SECTION B: EDUCATION
Question 2-1 Highest degree at the time of the research (当該発明につながる研究実施当時の最終学歴)
p8 JP (日本)
p9 US (米国)
Reference: Experience and Inventive activeties only in the US survey (参考:発明活動、米国の質問票のみ
p11,13,15 US(米国)
SECTION C: EMPLOYMENT AND MOBILITY
Question 3-1 Employment at the time of invention　(当該発明当時の雇用・勤務形態）
p16 JP (日本)
Question 3-3 Is the organization one of the applicants? (その組織は、当該特許の出願人でしたか)
p18 JP (日本)
p19 US (米国)
Question 3-4 In which year did you join this organization or start your business if selfemployed?(その組織に採用された年、もしくは自営業の創業年)
p20 JP (日本)
p21 US (米国)
Question 3-5 Type of unit at the time of the invention (勤務していた部署の主要機能)
p22 JP (日本)
p23 US (米国)
Question 3-6 Within 5 prior years, did you work for another employer? （当該発明前、5年以内
の他企業等での常勤経験）
p24 JP (日本)
p25 US (米国)
Question 3-7 If “Yes” above, did the experience in any of the above organizations play an
important role in your invention? （その経験は当該発明にとって重要な役割を果たしましたか）
p26 JP (日本)
Question 3-7(2) If “Yes”, how did your experience in the most relevant other organization
contribute to your invention? You can check all relevant boxes.（「はい」の場合の理由、重複回
答あり）
p28 JP (日本)
Question 3-8 For how long did you work in the above previous organization which contributed
importantly to your invention?（雇用あるいは派遣・出向期間）
p30 JP (日本)
Question 3-9 Previous organization if moved（前組織の類型）
p32 JP (日本)
p33 US (米国)
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SECTION D: PURPOSE & PROCESS OF THE INVENTION
Question 4-1 What would best describe the business objective of your research leading to this
invention? （当該発明につながる研究の事業上の目的）
p34 JP (日本)
p35 US (米国)
Question 4-1 (2) What would best describe the type of the innovation your research was
expected to realize? （それは、どの類型の技術革新であったか）
P36 JP (日本)
p37 US (米国)
Question 4-2 What is the scope of your research leading to the invention? You can check all
relevant boxes. （当該発明につながった研究の範囲（重複回答あり））
p38 JP (日本)
Question 4-3 What was the main motivation of your research leading to the invention? You
can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明につながる研究の主たる動機（重複回答あり））
p40 JP (日本)
Question 4-4 How many months of the research led up to this patent application? （研究開始
から特許出願までに経過した時間）
p42 JP (日本)
p43 US (米国)
Question 4-5 Which of the following scenarios best describes the creative process that led to
your invention? （当該発明の創造プロセス）
p44 JP (日本)
p45 US (米国)
Question 4-6 What would best describe the type of the invention? （当該発明は「もの」「方法」
どちらの発明であったか）
p46 JP (日本)
p47 US (米国)
Question 4-7 Did the invention build in a substantial way on any prior patent that you were
aware of? （当該発明は、先行特許を基礎として生み出されたものか）
p48 JP (日本)
Question 4-8 Has this invention led to any improvement inventions afterwards? （当該発明
は、その後の改良発明につながったか）
p50 JP (日本)
Question 4-9 Please indicate whether the co-inventor exists, according to the type of the
following organizations. You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明の共同発明者の類型（複
回答あり））
p52 JP (日本)
p53 US (米国)
Question 4-9 (2) # of inventors, sole-invention, any external co-invention and multipleassignee（発明者数、単独発明、外部共同発明、共同出願）
p54 JP (日本)
p55 US (米国)
Question 4-10 Was there any (formal or informal) collaboration between your employer and
other partners (excluding co-inventors)? You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明につな
がる研究の外部組織との協力がある場合(但し共同発明者を除く)、協力相手の類型、重複回答
あり）
p56 JP (日本)
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p57 US (米国)
Question 4-11 Were the interactions (discussions, meetings, sources of ideas, etc.) with the
following types of people (apart from co-inventors) important during the research that led to
the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)(交流先重要性の評価）
p58,60 JP (日本)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge
for suggesting the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very
important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
p62,64,66,68,70,72,74,76 JP (日本)
p63,65,67,69,71,73,75,77 US (米国)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge
for contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
p78,80,82,84,86,88,90,92 JP (日本)
p79,81,83,85,87,89,91,93 US (米国)
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of
foreign countries compared to those in Japan for your research that led to the patented
invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 = much more import)（外国の知
識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
p94,96,98,100,102,104,106 JP (日本)
Question 4-15 Including this patent, how many domestic patent grants do you expect your
research would generate directly for your firm, including those with joint ownership? (当該研
究は何件の国内特許登録をもたらしますか？）
p108 JP (日本)
Question 4-16 How many man-months did the research leading to the patent require,
including those of co-inventors? (当該発明の研究の開始から特許出願までの研究期間）
p110 JP (日本)
p111 US (米国)
Question 4-17 Funding sources (Incidence and % in shares) You can check all relevant boxes.
(当該研究のための費用の資金源(重複回答あり））
p112 JP (日本)
p113 US (米国)
Question 4-18 Did the availability of funds constrain the research leading to the invention?
You can check all relevant boxes. (リスク資金の利用可能性が制約となったか(重複回答あり））
p114 JP (日本)
SECTION E: INVENTORS’ MOTIVATIONS
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
p116,118,120,122,124,126,128 JP (日本)
p117.119.121.123.125.127.129 US (米国)
SECTION F: USE OF THE INVENTION AND PATENTING REASONS
Question 6-1 Economic value of the patent（当該発明の経済的価値の同時期の技術開発成
果全体における地位）
p130 JP (日本)
p131,133 US (米国)
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Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
p134,136,138,140,142,144 JP (日本)
p135,137,139,141,145 US (米国)
Question6-3 Internal commercialization. Has the applicant/owner ever used this patent for its
product or for its production?（当該発明は出願者によって製品などに利用されたか）
p146 JP (日本)
p147 US (米国)
Refefence:While many innovations involve a combination of products, processes, and services,
would you characterize the commercial application of the focal patent as primarily involving a
new product, process, or service? (参考：当該特許の応用先は新製品、新生産過程あるいは
サービスの中のどれか）
p149 US (米国)
Question 6-4. How long did it take from the application to the use of the invention? (出願から
利用開始までの時間）
p150 JP (日本)
Question 6-5 How many domestic patents (including the other firms’ patents) are jointly used
in the commercial application of the invention? （当該特許の商業的利用において約何件の特
許が利用されたか）
p152 JP (日本)
p153 US (米国)
Question 6-6 Has this patent been licensed by (one of ) the patent-holder(s) ? （当該特許は、
特許保有者によってライセンスされたか）
p154 JP (日本)
p155 US (米国)
Question 6-6(2) If Yes, does it include cross-license? (それはクロスライセンスを含むか )
p156 JP (日本)
p157 US (米国)
Question 6-6(3) How many licensees have got the license? (また、それは複数の企業にライセ
ンスされたか)
p158 JP (日本)
p159 US (米国)
Reference: Did the licensing contracts include exclusivity clauses? (参考：ライセンス契約に排
他条項があるか)
p161 US (米国)
Question 6-7 Has this patent been exploited commercially by yourself or any of your coinventors for starting a new company? (発明者は新会社設立によって当該特許を利用したか）
p162 JP (日本)
p163 US (米国)
Question 6-3,6,7 Summary (1)
Any commercialization either through internal (or in-house) use, license or startup (発明は商
用化、ライセンス、新会社の設立などで利用されたか）
p164 JP (日本)
p165 US (米国)
Question 6-3,6,7 Summary (2)
Pure in house or not (発明は自社のみ使用かどうか）
p166 JP (日本)
p167 US (米国)
Question 6-8 If this patent is used neither internally within the applicant firm, licensing nor for
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starting a new company, what are the important reasons for that? You can check all relevant
boxes. (自社内、ライセンス等によって利用されていない理由(重複回答あり））
p168 JP (日本)
p169 US (米国)
Question 6-9 Did you publish a scientific/technical paper describing this invention? （当該発
明の内容を科学技術論文として公表したか）
p170 JP (日本)
Reference: In the three years prior to the focal patent, how many articles did you publish in
scientific journals? (参考：当該特許の前の三年間に何本の論文を公表したか)
p171 US (米国)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the
successful commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該
発明の商業的成功のための企業戦略としての重要度）
p172,174,176,178,180 JP (日本)
p173,175,177,179,181 US (米国)
Question 6-10 Summary
p182 JP (日本)
p183 US (米国)
Reference: From the commercial launch of your product/process/service, approximately how
long was it until another firm introduced a competing alternative? (参考：当該特許が商業化さ
れてから、別の企業が競争的な代替手段(製品、生産過程あるいはサービス)を導入するのに
要した時間)
p185 US (米国)
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1
Japan
Question 1-1 Age at patent application(出願時の年齢）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
20-24
years old
25-29
years old
30-34
years old
35-39
years old
40-44
years old
45-49
years old
50-54
years old
55-59
years old
60-64
years old
65-69
years old
70-74
years old
75-79
years old
No
response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
20
18
1
1
0
0
0
0
429
370
26
14
10
2
2
5
787
704
32
14
17
5
9
6
780
694
28
21
19
6
6
6
602
496
35
30
19
4
7
11
478
358
33
22
30
13
5
17
271
164
26
12
37
14
4
14
128
55
13
5
20
23
3
9
59
19
2
1
17
8
1
11
25
3
5
4
7
3
2
1
13
1
0
1
5
3
1
2
5
2
0
2
0
0
1
0
61
48
0
3
1
1
1
7
N
20-24
years old
25-29
years old
30-34
years old
35-39
years old
40-44
years old
45-49
years old
50-54
years old
55-59
years old
60-64
years old
65-69
years old
70-74
years old
75-79
years old
Total
3597
2884
201
127
181
81
41
82
0.56
0.62
0.5
0.79
0
0
0
0
11.93
12.83
12.94
11.02
5.52
2.47
4.88
6.1
21.88
24.41
15.92
11.02
9.39
6.17
21.95
7.32
21.68
24.06
13.93
16.54
10.5
7.41
14.63
7.32
16.74
17.2
17.41
23.62
10.5
4.94
17.07
13.41
13.29
12.41
16.42
17.32
16.57
16.05
12.2
20.73
7.53
5.69
12.94
9.45
20.44
17.28
9.76
17.07
3.56
1.91
6.47
3.94
11.05
28.4
7.32
10.98
1.64
0.66
1
0.79
9.39
9.88
2.44
13.41
0.7
0.1
2.49
3.15
3.87
3.7
4.88
1.22
0.36
0.03
0
0.79
2.76
3.7
2.44
2.44
0.14
0.07
0
1.57
0
0
2.44
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
N
Mean
S.D
Median
P90
Iqr
No
response
3597
2884
201
127
181
81
41
82
39.45
37.99
41.67
42.24
47.95
51.46
44.49
47.88
9.09
7.80
10.16
10.70
11.27
10.52
12.49
10.61
38
37
42
41
49
52
43
48
52
49
54
57
63
64
61
61
13
11
16
13
16
11
17
15
61
48
0
3
1
1
1
7
2
US
(1/2)
Question 1-1 Age at patent application(出願時の年齢）
All
20-24 years
old
25-29 years
old
30-34 years
old
35-39 years
old
40-44 years
old
45-49 years
old
50-54 years
old
55-59 years
old
60-64 years
old
65-69 years
old
70-74 years
old
75-81 years
old
80 or older
Missing
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Oth
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
3
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
35
29
3
1
2
0
0
0
131
106
4
4
9
4
0
4
232
175
9
9
22
6
1
10
385
315
16
12
25
4
3
10
357
264
17
12
48
6
2
8
250
189
9
6
31
6
2
7
211
145
6
5
34
3
4
14
132
80
5
7
20
5
5
10
59
32
3
4
13
2
2
3
20
10
0
0
6
2
0
2
11
7
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
90
35
1
0
2
1
1
50
%
N
20-24 years
old
25-29 years
old
30-34 years
old
35-39 years
old
40-44 years
old
45-49 years
old
50-54 years
old
55-59 years
old
60-64 years
old
65-69 years
old
70-74 years
old
75-81 years
old
80 or older
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Oth
Missing
1829
1354
73
60
214
41
19
68
0.16
0.15
0
0
0
2.44
0
0
1.91
2.14
4.11
1.67
0.93
0
0
0
7.16
7.83
5.48
6.67
4.21
9.76
0
5.88
12.68
12.92
12.33
15
10.28
14.63
5.26
14.71
21.05
23.26
21.92
20
11.68
9.76
15.79
14.71
19.52
19.5
23.29
20
22.43
14.63
10.53
11.76
13.67
13.96
12.33
10
14.49
14.63
10.53
10.29
11.54
10.71
8.22
8.33
15.89
7.32
21.05
20.59
7.22
5.91
6.85
11.67
9.35
12.2
26.32
14.71
3.23
2.36
4.11
6.67
6.07
4.88
10.53
4.41
1.09
0.74
0
0
2.8
4.88
0
2.94
0.6
0.52
0
0
0.93
4.88
0
0
0.16
0
1.37
0
0.93
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
N
mean(age)
S.D
median
p90
Interquartile
Missing
1829
1354
73
60
214
41
19
68
47.22
46.30
47.03
47.40
50.82
49.90
54.63
50.57
9.98
9.49
10.16
10.28
10.66
13.39
8.83
10.66
46
45
46
45.5
50
49
56
51
61
59
60
62.5
66
68
66
63
14
13
11
16
14
21
15
16.5
90
35
1
0
2
1
1
50
D12 age
Age at time of
application (from D12
Year of birth)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
3
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4
US
(2/2)
Reference: Country of Birth (参考：生誕国)
D13 Country of Birth
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Ot
Missing
All
1,919
1,389
74
60
216
42
20
118
US
Foreign
missing
1,325
973
57
43
160
30
16
46
520
394
16
17
54
12
4
23
74
22
1
0
2
0
0
49
N
US(%)
Foreign(%)
Total
1845
1367
73
60
214
42
20
69
71.82
71.18
78.08
71.67
74.77
71.43
80.00
66.67
28.18
28.82
21.92
28.33
25.23
28.57
20.00
33.33
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
5
Japan
Question 1-3 Gender（性別)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
男性
Male
3593
2886
194
127
181
81
41
83
女性
Female
54
41
7
3
0
1
0
2
無回答
No response
11
5
0
0
1
0
1
4
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3647
2927
201
130
181
82
41
85
Male
98.52
98.6
96.52
97.69
100
98.78
100
97.65
Female
1.48
1.4
3.48
2.31
0
1.22
0
2.35
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
6
US
Question 1-3 Gender（性別)
D14 Gender
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
All
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
Male
1,754
1305
69
56
208
38
18
60
Female
100
68
4
4
8
4
2
10
Missing
65
16
1
0
0
0
0
48
N
1,854
1373
73
60
216
42
20
70
Male
94.61
95.05
94.52
93.33
96.30
90.48
90.00
85.71
Female
5.39
4.95
5.48
6.67
3.7
9.52
10
14.29
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
7
Japan
Question 2-1 Highest degree at the time of resarch (当該発明につながる研究実施当時の最終学歴)
All
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
N
3628
2914
200
128
181
81
41
83
高校
高専・短大
学士
High school Tech college or University
or lower
junior college
305
198
23
22
40
0
2
20
204
159
13
13
11
0
0
8
1554
1249
111
74
84
2
5
29
High school Tech college or University
or lower
junior college
修士
Master
博士
Ph.D.
無回答
No
response
1115
1023
37
6
29
5
6
9
450
285
16
13
17
74
28
17
30
18
1
2
1
1
1
6
Master
Ph.D.
Total
8.41
6.79
11.5
17.19
22.1
0
4.88
24.1
5.62
5.46
6.5
10.16
6.08
0
0
9.64
42.83
42.86
55.5
57.81
46.41
2.47
12.2
34.94
30.73
35.11
18.5
4.69
16.02
6.17
14.63
10.84
12.4
9.78
8
10.16
9.39
91.36
68.29
20.48
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
mean(year)
S.D
Median
p90
Interquartile
Range
No
response
8.67
7.76
10.2
10.13
12.05
10.14
10.99
11.3
1986
1986
1983
1983
1977
1976
1989
1978
1995
1995
1996
1995
1994
1994
1996
1992.5
11
11
15
14
17
15
12
17
611
421
41
40
60
5
5
39
The year in which this degree was earned
N
All
3047
1984.96
2511
1985.9
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
160
1982.14
Small firm (100-250)
90
1982.13
122
1977.84
Very small firm (<100)
77
1977.81
university
Other
37
1986.54
unknown
50
1979.08
Note: We dropped records if year of degree < birth year + 21
8
US
(1/4)
Question 2-1 Highest degree at the time of the research (当該発明につながる研究実施当時の最終学歴)
All
High school
or lower
Technical
college or
Junior
college
University
or college
Bachelor's
University
Master's
J.D
Ph.D, M.D.
or
equivalent
other
Missing
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
39
23
1
1
12
0
0
2
78
55
3
4
14
0
1
1
420
322
23
16
51
2
3
3
451
373
12
15
46
1
4
0
4
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
817
612
35
21
93
39
12
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
109
1
0
1
0
0
0
107
N
High school
or lower
Technical
college or
Junior
college
University
or college
Bachelor's
University
Master's
J.D
Ph.D, M.D.
or
equivalent
other
Total
1810
1388
74
59
216
42
20
11
2.15
1.66
1.35
1.69
5.56
0
0
18.18
4.31
3.96
4.05
6.78
6.48
0
5
9.09
23.2
23.2
31.08
27.12
23.61
4.76
15
27.27
24.92
26.87
16.22
25.42
21.3
2.38
20
0
0.22
0.14
0
3.39
0
0
0
0
45.14
44.09
47.3
35.59
43.06
92.86
60
45.45
0.06
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
N
mean(age)
S.D
Median
p90
Interquartile
Missing
1741
1345
73
56
198
41
20
8
1982.06
1982.75
1981.93
1983.20
1978.23
1979.63
1976.50
1981.50
10.56
10.14
11.12
11.03
11.19
13.99
10.50
12.20
1983
1983
1983
1986
1979
1980
1975
1984
1996
1996
1995
1997
1994
1999
1992
1995
15
15
16
18.5
16
18
15.5
21.5
178
44
1
4
18
1
0
110
D1A Highest degree
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Othe
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Othe
Missing
The year in which this degree was earned
D1B The year in which
this degree was earned
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Othe
Missing
9
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10
US
(2/4)
Reference: Years of your first patent application? (参考：最初の特許出願の年)
D2 Years of your first patent
application?
mean(year)
S.D
N
Median
p90
Interquartile
Range
Missing
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
1989.30
1989.27
1989.54
1991.07
1988.73
1989.14
1991.21
1990.70
10.36
9.96
10.88
11.00
11.85
12.06
12.14
12.39
1,755
1343
72
58
211
42
19
10
1991
1991
1993
1995.5
1992
1991
1995
1997
2001
2000
2000
2002
2001
2001
2002
2003
15
14
14.5
15
19
19
20
18
164
46
2
2
5
0
1
108
11
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12
US
(3/4)
Reference: How many years had you worked in the technical field of the patent? (参考：経験)
D3 How many years had you
worked in the technical field of
the patent?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
mean(years)
S.D
N
Median
p90
Interquartile
Range
Missing
12.98
12.82
12.55
13.30
13.95
13.38
15.75
7.13
10.49
10.29
9.63
10.34
11.66
10.89
13.32
10.27
1,780
1371
73
57
209
42
20
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
15
4
28
28
25
30
30
28
37.5
31
16
16
16
16
16
13
16.5
7
139
18
1
3
7
0
0
110
13
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14
US
(4/4)
Reference: # of invention disclosures made by you to your firm? (参考：発明届出数)
D4A. # of invention disclosures
made by you to your firm?
# mean
S.D
All
9.36
13.79
10.09
14.73
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
5.96
6.35
Small firm (100-250)
5.41
6.99
7.12
10.79
Very small firm (<100)
6.19
5.12
University
7.81
7.03
Hospital/Government/Other
22.56
20.86
Missing
note: cases reporting over 100 converted to 100
N
Median
p90
Interquartile
Range
Missing
1,769
1361
72
58
211
42
16
9
5
5
4
4
5
5
6.5
18
20
22
15
10
12
12
20
50
8
10
6.5
6
6
5
7
39
150
28
2
2
5
0
4
109
% of invention disclosures were applied for patent? (特許出願の割合)
D4B. % of invention disclosures
were applied for patent?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
% mean
S.D
N
Median
p90
Interquartile
Range
Missing
67.85
66.99
68.33
64.44
73.10
69.44
67.46
85.86
32.89
32.54
34.76
37.29
33.21
33.01
36.47
19.92
1447
1119
59
45
168
36
13
7
80
75
80
75
90
77.5
80
95
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
60
50
50
50
34
472
270
15
15
48
6
7
111
15
Japan
Question 3-1 Employment at the time of invention　(当該発明当時の雇用・勤務形態）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
組織（企業など）に雇 自営業者であった
われており、その組織
の部署に勤務していた
学生であった
企業から大学への
研究派遣など、1
－3以外の場合
無回答
Other cases,
such as the
secondment from
a firm to a
university
19
8
0
0
2
7
2
0
No response
Other cases,
such as the
secondment from
a firm to a
university
0.52
0.27
0
0
1.1
8.54
4.76
0
Total
All
Employed by a firm
Self-employed
Student
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
3541
2922
200
129
140
73
35
42
70
2
1
1
40
0
5
21
4
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
N
Employed by a firm
Self-employed
Student
3634
2932
201
130
182
82
42
65
97.44
99.66
99.5
99.23
76.92
89.02
83.33
64.62
1.93
0.07
0.5
0.77
21.98
0
11.9
32.31
0.11
0
0
0
0
2.44
0
3.08
16
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
This page is intentionally left blank.
17
Japan
Question 3-3 Is the organization one of the applicants? (その組織は、当該特許の出願人でしたか)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
All
はい
yes
いいえ
No
3634
2932
201
130
182
82
42
65
3344
2830
180
109
141
14
33
37
250
93
20
19
33
66
9
10
40
9
1
2
8
2
0
18
N
yes
no
Total
3594
2923
200
128
174
80
42
47
93.04
96.82
90
85.16
81.03
17.5
78.57
78.72
6.96
3.18
10
14.84
18.97
82.5
21.43
21.28
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
18
無回答
No
response
US
Question 3-3 Is the organization one of the applicants? (その組織は、当該特許の出願人でしたか)
D.8 Is the organization one of the applicants?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
All
Yes
No
Missing
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
1,433
1160
57
46
133
27
7
3
346
213
15
11
78
15
13
1
140
16
2
3
5
0
0
114
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
N
1,779
1,373
72
57
211
42
20
4
Yes(%)
80.55
84.49
79.17
80.70
63.03
64.29
35.00
75.00
No(%)
19.45
15.51
20.83
19.30
36.97
35.71
65.00
25.00
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
19
Japan
Question 3-4 In which year did you join this organization or start your business if self-employed?(その組織に
採用された年、もしくは自営業の創業年)
mean(year)
Sd
N
Median
All
1985.04
8.54
3415
1986
1985.25
8.10
2822
1986
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
1984.49
9.89
194
1985.5
Small firm (101-250)
1983.84
9.40
122
1985
1985.22
11.15
127
1988
Very small firm (<101)
1981.63
11.35
78
1981
university
Other
1986.94
10.33
35
1989
unknown
1980.22
9.12
37
1980
Note: Self-employeds are dropped. And records are dropped if the year joining
P90
Iqr
No response
1995
11
137
1995
11
52
1996
15
5
1995
14
5
1997
17
47
1996
21
0
1998
16
6
1992
15
22
this organization < birth year + 18
Tenure (number of years at the organization at the time of application) （特許出願時の勤続年数）
mean(year)
All
12.97
12.73
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
13.89
Small firm (101-250)
14.17
12.84
Very small firm (<101)
16.45
university
Other
11.23
unknown
17.7
Note: We dropped records if the year joining
Sd
N
Median
8.41
3415
12
7.96
2822
12
9.85
194
12
9.29
122
14
11.14
127
9
11.08
78
17
10.09
35
7
9.02
37
16
this organization < birth year + 18,
20
P90
Iqr
No response
25
12
137
24
10
52
27
15
5
27
14
5
30
17
47
32
20
0
28
16
6
30
14
22
and self-employed.
US
Question 3-4 In which year did you join this organization or start your business if self-employed?(その組織に採用された
年、もしくは自営業の創業年)
D10 In which year did you join this
organization
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
mean(year)
S.D
N
Median
p90
1988.04
1987
1989.57
1990.83
1993.89
1986.98
1989.9
1986.69
10.18
10.04
9.95
9.94
8.16
13.05
9.87
10.65
1843
1373
74
59
212
41
20
64
1990
1988
1993
1995
1997
1990
1992
1989
1999
1999
2000
2000
2000
1999
2000.5
1999
Interquartile Missing
16
16
13
11
9
15
13.5
14.5
76
16
0
1
4
1
0
54
Tenure (number of years at the organization at the time of application) （特許出願時の勤続年数）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
mean(year)
S.D
N
Median
p90
13.28
14.29
11.76
10.49
7.47
14.51
11.65
14.84
10.14
10
9.81
9.74
8.08
13.22
9.58
11.02
1843
1373
74
59
212
41
20
64
11
13
8.5
6
5
11
10
13
28
28
29
29
19
34
27
34
21
Interquartile Missing
15
16
13
10
8
15
12
16.5
76
16
0
1
4
1
0
54
Japan
Question 3-5 Type of unit at the time of the invention (勤務していた部署の主要機能)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
All
研究開発
R&D
製造
Manufacturing
ソフトウェア開発
Software
development
その他
Other
無回答
No
response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
3041
2547
173
98
108
37
39
39
217
150
13
12
31
1
0
10
91
77
4
3
7
0
0
0
268
156
10
16
32
39
3
12
41
2
1
1
4
5
0
28
N
R&D
Manufacturing
Software
development
Other
Total
3617
2930
200
129
178
77
42
61
84.08
86.93
86.5
75.97
60.67
48.05
92.86
63.93
6
5.12
6.5
9.3
17.42
1.3
0
16.39
2.52
2.63
2
2.33
3.93
0
0
0
7.41
5.32
5
12.4
17.98
50.65
7.14
19.67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
If R&D are selected (選択肢1 研究開発）
All
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
独立した研究開発 製造など研究開
部門
発を主たる目的と
していない部署に
付属
R&D - sub-unit
R&D independent
attached to a
research and
unit with focus
development unit
on non-R&D
無回答
no response
3041
2547
173
98
108
37
39
39
2469
2074
148
76
77
32
35
27
508
430
20
18
29
2
1
8
64
43
5
4
2
3
3
4
N
R&D independent
research and
development unit
R&D - sub-unit
attached to a
unit with focus
on non-R&D
Total
2977
2504
168
94
106
34
36
35
82.94
82.83
88.1
80.85
72.64
94.12
97.22
77.14
17.06
17.17
11.9
19.15
27.36
5.88
2.78
22.86
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
22
US
Question 3-5 Type of unit at the time of the invention (勤務していた部署の主要機能)
All
D11 Type of unit at the time of
the invention
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
N
1857
1381
74
60
213
42
20
67
R&D - independent R&D - sub-unit
research and
attached to a
development unit unit with focus
on non-R&D
1200
911
49
34
118
32
8
48
325
282
13
6
12
1
0
11
R&D - independent R&D - sub-unit
research and
attached to a
development unit unit with focus
on non-R&D
64.62
65.97
66.22
56.67
55.4
76.19
40
71.64
17.5
20.42
17.57
10
5.63
2.38
0
16.42
23
Manufacturing
Software
development
Other
Missing
154
107
9
15
18
0
1
4
56
36
1
1
18
0
0
0
122
45
2
4
47
9
11
4
62
8
0
0
3
0
0
51
Manufacturing
Software
development
Other
Total
8.29
7.75
12.16
25
8.45
0
5
5.97
3.02
2.61
1.35
1.67
8.45
0
0
0
6.57
3.26
2.7
6.67
22.07
21.43
55
5.97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Japan
Question 3-6 Within 5 prior years, did you work for another employer? （当該発明前、5年以内
の他企業等での常勤経験）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
Yes
383
270
28
14
35
11
10
15
No
3245
2652
170
115
145
68
32
63
No response
30
10
3
1
2
3
0
11
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3628
2922
198
129
180
79
42
78
Yes
10.56
9.24
14.14
10.85
19.44
13.92
23.81
19.23
No
89.44
90.76
85.86
89.15
80.56
86.08
76.19
80.77
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
If "yes" are selected（選択肢2 はい）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
他の組織に雇用さ 他の組織に派遣・出
れていた
向
Worked in the
On loan (or
other organization seconded) to the
other organization
無回答
No response
383
270
28
14
35
11
10
15
162
79
19
11
26
8
8
11
211
186
7
3
8
3
2
2
10
5
2
0
1
0
0
2
N
Worked in the
other organization
On loan (or
seconded) to the
other organization
Total
373
265
26
14
34
11
10
13
43.43
29.81
73.08
78.57
76.47
72.73
80
84.62
56.57
70.19
26.92
21.43
23.53
27.27
20
15.38
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
24
US
Question 3-6 Within 5 prior years, did you work for another employer? （当該発明前、5年以内の他企業等での常勤経験）
D5 Within 5 prior years, did you work for
another employer?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
All
Yes
No
Missing
Yes(%)
No(%)
Total
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
462
294
22
24
96
14
9
3
1341
1089
52
35
119
28
11
7
116
6
0
1
1
0
0
108
25.62
21.26
29.73
40.68
44.65
33.33
45.00
30.00
74.38
78.74
70.27
59.32
55.35
66.67
55.00
70.00
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
N
Yes
No
Missing
Yes(%)
No(%)
Total
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
94
35
3
1
52
2
0
1
1699
1347
71
58
160
40
20
3
126
7
0
1
4
0
0
114
5.24
2.53
4.05
1.69
24.53
4.76
0
25
94.76
97.47
95.95
98.31
75.47
95.24
100
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Is your current organization less than 5
D.9 Is your current organization less than 5
years?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
25
Japan
Question 3-7 If “Yes” above, did the experience in any of the above organizations
play an important role in your invention? （その経験は当該発明にとって重要な役割を
果たしましたか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
yes
no
383
270
28
14
35
11
10
15
233
152
18
9
27
8
9
10
150
118
10
5
8
3
1
5
N
yes
no
Total
383
270
28
14
35
11
10
15
60.84
56.3
64.29
64.29
77.14
72.73
90
66.67
39.16
43.7
35.71
35.71
22.86
27.27
10
33.33
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
26
This page is intentionally left blank.
27
Japan
Question 3-7(2) If “Yes”, how did your experience in the most relevant other organization contribute to your invention? You can check all relevant boxes.
（「はい」の場合の理由、重複回答あり）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
研究開発の企画あるい 当該発明に重要な具体 当該発明へのニーズ 以前の組織と現在の組
は実施に重要な先端的 的な技術シーズを獲得 を把握することができ 織との間の共同開発が
な知識などの習得
することができた
た
行いやすくなった
その他
無回答
All
acquire the advanced
knowledge useful for the
planning and
implementation of the
research
acquire the specific
technology seeds for
the invention.
clarify the needs for
the invention.
It facilitated the
collaboration between
the firm and the
previous organization
Other
No
response
233
152
18
9
27
8
9
10
141
93
10
4
16
8
7
3
105
64
8
5
17
3
2
6
60
37
2
2
11
2
4
2
21
13
1
2
3
1
1
0
8
7
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
N
acquire the advanced
knowledge useful for the
planning and
implementation of the
research
acquire the specific
technology seeds for
the invention.
clarify the needs for
the invention.
It facilitated the
collaboration between
the firm and the
previous organization
Other
Total
230
149
18
9
27
8
9
10
61.3
62.42
55.56
44.44
59.26
100
77.78
30
45.65
42.95
44.44
55.56
62.96
37.5
22.22
60
26.09
24.83
11.11
22.22
40.74
25
44.44
20
9.13
8.72
5.56
22.22
11.11
12.5
11.11
0
3.48
4.7
0
0
0
0
0
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
28
This page is intentionally left blank.
29
Japan
Question 3-8 For how long did you work in the above previous organization which contributed
importantly to your invention?（雇用あるいは派遣・出向期間）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
1 year
2 years
3 years
233
152
18
9
27
8
9
10
32
28
1
0
2
0
1
0
49
41
2
2
2
0
1
1
31
24
3
1
2
1
0
0
N
1 year
2 years
3 years
224
148
17
9
25
8
9
8
14.29
18.92
5.88
0
8
0
11.11
0
21.88
27.7
11.76
22.22
8
0
11.11
12.5
13.84
16.22
17.65
11.11
8
12.5
0
0
30
4-6 years 7-9 years
34
20
3
2
5
1
2
1
18
11
1
2
1
1
1
1
4-6 years 7-9 years
15.18
13.51
17.65
22.22
20
12.5
22.22
12.5
8.04
7.43
5.88
22.22
4
12.5
11.11
12.5
10-19
years
more than
No
20 years response
30
16
2
1
4
2
2
3
30
8
5
1
9
3
2
2
9
4
1
0
2
0
0
2
10-19
years
more than
20 years
Total
13.39
10.81
11.76
11.11
16
25
22.22
37.5
13.39
5.41
29.41
11.11
36
37.5
22.22
25
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
This page is intentionally left blank.
31
Japan
Question 3-9 Previous organization if moved（前組織の類型）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
顧客・製品 設備、材料、部 競争企業
ユーザー 品、ソフトウェ
ア等のサプラ
イヤー企業
Customers
Suppliers
Competitor
or users
国立研究機関
地方公共団体
の研究機関
財団法人、民間
病院、民間非営
利研究機関
All
大学など高
等教育機関
（付属研究
所を含む）
University
National
government
research
organization
Local
government
research
organization
Foundation,
hospital, or
private research
organization
233
152
18
9
27
8
9
10
62
47
2
1
4
3
3
2
8
7
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
9
4
2
0
0
2
0
1
20
17
0
0
2
0
0
1
22
11
2
2
4
0
0
3
N
University
National
government
research
organization
Local
government
research
organization
Foundation,
hospital, or
private research
organization
Customers
or users
231
151
18
8
27
8
9
10
26.84
31.13
11.11
12.5
14.81
37.5
33.33
20
3.46
4.64
0
12.5
0
0
0
0
0.87
0.66
0
0
3.7
0
0
0
3.9
2.65
11.11
0
0
25
0
10
8.66
11.26
0
0
7.41
0
0
10
All
32
直接競合して
いないが同じ
産業内の他企
業
Noncompetitor
within the
same industry
その他
無回答
Other
No
response
9
5
0
0
2
1
0
1
43
19
9
1
11
0
2
1
56
40
3
3
3
2
4
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
Suppliers
Competitor
Noncompetitor
within the
same industry
Other
Total
9.52
7.28
11.11
25
14.81
0
0
30
3.9
3.31
0
0
7.41
12.5
0
10
18.61
12.58
50
12.5
40.74
0
22.22
10
24.24
26.49
16.67
37.5
11.11
25
44.44
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
Question 3-9 Previous organization if moved（前組織の類型）
All
University
Federal Gov
research
organization
Suppliers
Customers
Competitor
Non-competitors
Hospital
Other
Missing
579
301
22
25
97
14
XX
XX
98
65
3
3
14
9
XX
XX
19
15
1
0
3
0
XX
XX
16
11
0
1
4
0
XX
XX
11
8
0
0
3
0
XX
XX
53
42
2
3
5
0
XX
XX
150
88
8
10
42
1
XX
XX
11
3
0
1
3
1
XX
XX
85
50
5
7
18
2
XX
XX
136
19
3
0
5
1
XX
XX
N
University
Federal Gov
research
organization
Suppliers
Customers
Competitor
Non-competitors
Hospital
Other
Total
443
282
19
25
92
13
XX
XX
22.12
23.05
15.79
12
15.22
69.23
XX
XX
4.29
5.32
5.26
0
3.26
0
XX
XX
3.61
3.9
0
4
4.35
0
XX
XX
2.48
2.84
0
0
3.26
0
XX
XX
11.96
14.89
10.53
12
5.43
0
XX
XX
33.86
31.21
42.11
40
45.65
7.69
XX
XX
2.48
1.06
0
4
3.26
7.69
XX
XX
19.19
17.73
26.32
28
19.57
15.38
XX
XX
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
D6 Previous organization if moved
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
33
Japan
Question 4-1 What would best describe the business objective of your research leading to this invention? （当該発明につな
がる研究の事業上の目的）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
全体
新規事業立ち
上げ
既存事業の強化
その他
無回答
Enhancement of
existing business
line
当面の事業とは直結
しない、企業の技術
基盤の強化
Enhancement of the
technology base of
the firm
All
Creating a new
business line*
other
no
response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
828
690
39
17
54
11
8
9
2405
1999
144
92
102
7
10
51
286
187
15
16
14
26
19
9
94
27
3
5
10
33
5
11
45
29
0
0
2
5
0
9
N
Creating a new
business line*
Enhancement of
existing business
line
Enhancement of the
technology base of
the firm
other
Total
3613
2903
201
130
180
77
42
80
22.92
23.77
19.4
13.08
30
14.29
19.05
11.25
66.57
68.86
71.64
70.77
56.67
9.09
23.81
63.75
7.92
6.44
7.46
12.31
7.78
33.77
45.24
11.25
2.6
0.93
1.49
3.85
5.56
42.86
11.9
13.75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
When ""Enhancement of existing business line"" are chosen (選択肢2 既存事業の強化)
全体
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
企業のコア事業 非コア事業が対象
が対象
directed to the
directed to the
“non-core
“core
business”
business”
わからない
無回答
don't know
no
response
87
62
3
6
8
1
1
6
2405
1999
144
92
102
7
10
51
1748
1448
113
68
76
4
7
32
492
426
27
14
14
1
1
9
78
63
1
4
4
1
1
4
All
directed to the
“core
business”
directed to the
“non-core
business”
Total
2240
1874
140
82
90
5
8
41
78.04
77.27
80.71
82.93
84.44
80
87.5
78.05
21.96
22.73
19.29
17.07
15.56
20
12.5
21.95
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
34
US
Question 4-1 What would best describe the business objective of your research leading to this invention? （当該発明につなが
る研究の事業上の目的）
A.1 What would best describe the
purpose of your research leading to this
invention, in relation to the business
objective of your firm?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
Creating a new
business line*
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
450
297
14
10
97
5
5
22
N
Creating a new
business line*
1898
1385
74
60
216
41
20
102
23.71
21.44
18.92
16.67
44.91
12.2
25
21.57
Enhancement of Enhancement of the
existing
technology base of
business line
the firm
925
723
40
34
61
8
6
53
Enhancement of Enhancement of the
existing
technology base of
business line
the firm
48.74
52.2
54.05
56.67
28.24
19.51
30
51.96
35
455
334
19
13
44
17
4
24
23.97
24.12
25.68
21.67
20.37
41.46
20
23.53
other
Missing
68
31
1
3
14
11
5
3
21
4
0
0
0
1
0
16
other
Total
3.58
2.24
1.35
5
6.48
26.83
25
2.94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Japan
Question 4-1(2) What would best describe the type of the innovation your research was expected to realize? （それは、どの類型の技術革
新であったか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
All
新生産技術の開発
Creating a new
process
既存生産技術の改
Improvement of an
existing process
新製品の開発
Creating a new
product
既存製品の改良
Improvement of
an existing
product
その他
other
無回答
no
response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
351
261
16
14
21
21
12
6
290
217
23
13
19
5
4
9
2142
1771
110
64
103
30
13
51
698
573
40
34
31
5
5
10
63
31
5
2
3
14
5
3
114
79
7
3
5
7
3
10
N
Creating a new
process
Improvement of an
existing process
Creating a new
product
Improvement of
an existing
product
other
Total
3544
2853
194
127
177
75
39
79
9.9
9.15
8.25
11.02
11.86
28
30.77
7.59
8.18
7.61
11.86
10.24
10.73
6.67
10.26
11.39
60.44
62.08
56.7
50.39
58.19
40
33.33
64.56
19.7
20.08
20.62
26.77
17.51
6.67
12.82
12.66
1.78
1.09
2.58
1.57
1.69
18.67
12.82
3.8
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
36
US
Question 4-1 (2) What would best describe the type of the innovation your research was expected to realize? （それは、どの類型の技術革新で
あったか）
A.2 What would best describe the
type of innovation your research was
expected to realize?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
Creating a new
process
Improvement of
an existing
process
Creating a new
product
Improvement of an
existing product
other
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
240
162
8
6
29
12
4
19
263
198
14
9
20
7
2
13
849
612
24
29
119
13
6
46
513
392
27
15
46
7
6
20
34
22
1
1
2
2
2
4
20
3
0
0
0
1
0
16
N
Creating a new
process
Improvement of
an existing
process
Creating a new
product
Improvement of an
existing product
other
Total
1899
1386
74
60
216
41
20
102
12.64
11.69
10.81
10
13.43
29.27
20
18.63
13.85
14.29
18.92
15
9.26
17.07
10
12.75
44.71
44.16
32.43
48.33
55.09
31.71
30
45.1
27.01
28.28
36.49
25
21.3
17.07
30
19.61
1.79
1.59
1.35
1.67
0.93
4.88
10
3.92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
37
Japan
Question 4-2 What is the scope of your research leading to the invention? You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明につながった研究の範囲
（重複回答あり））
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
All
基礎研究
Basic
Research
応用研究
Applied
Research
開発
Development
技術サービス
technical support(quality
control, manufacturing process
design or product experiments)
その他
other
無回答
No response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
816
599
44
24
42
55
30
22
1389
1092
84
44
79
33
18
39
2406
2007
133
81
113
16
14
42
311
230
26
21
21
0
1
12
58
41
1
4
6
2
2
2
18
12
0
0
0
1
0
5
N
Basic
Research
Applied
Research
Development
technical support(quality
control, manufacturing process
design or product experiments)
other
3640
2920
201
130
182
81
42
84
22.42
20.51
21.89
18.46
23.08
67.90
71.43
26.19
38.16
37.40
41.79
33.85
43.41
40.74
42.86
46.43
66.10
68.73
66.17
62.31
62.09
19.75
33.33
50.00
8.54
7.88
12.94
16.15
11.54
0.00
2.38
14.29
1.59
1.40
0.50
3.08
3.30
2.47
4.76
2.38
38
This page is intentionally left blank.
39
Japan
Question 4-3 What was the main motivation of your research leading to the invention? You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明につながる研究の主
たる動機（重複回答あり））
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
Solving technological
issues for existing (or
new) business of the firm
(“needs”-oriented)
Commercialization of a
scientific or technological
discovery with potential for
practical application
(“seeds”-oriented)
Exploration of new
technical seeds
other
no response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
2736
2257
154
90
131
29
25
50
812
607
52
30
46
44
15
18
386
280
24
15
25
18
6
18
53
29
5
2
2
8
3
4
29
20
0
1
1
1
0
6
N
Solving technological
issues for existing (or
new) business of the firm
(“needs”-oriented)
Commercialization of a
scientific or technological
discovery with potential for
matical application
(“seeds”-oriented)
Exploration of new
technical seeds
other
3629
2912
201
129
181
81
42
83
75.39
77.51
76.62
69.77
72.38
35.8
59.52
60.24
22.38
20.84
25.87
23.26
25.41
54.32
35.71
21.69
10.64
9.62
11.94
11.63
13.81
22.22
14.29
21.69
1.46
1
2.49
1.55
1.1
9.88
7.14
4.82
40
This page is intentionally left blank.
41
Japan
Question 4-4 How many months of the research led up to this patent application? （研究開始から特許出願までに経過した時間）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
0.5 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
Over 8
years
No
response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
232
192
14
10
11
1
2
2
450
376
20
16
23
5
3
7
1319
1111
75
44
45
10
6
28
798
625
50
37
47
17
8
14
365
286
20
12
16
15
8
8
89
68
2
3
7
6
1
2
134
88
9
4
13
10
3
7
24
18
2
0
1
0
1
2
19
13
1
1
3
1
0
0
76
44
4
1
8
6
8
5
152
111
4
2
8
11
2
14
N
0.5 year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
Over 8
years
Total
3506
2821
197
128
174
71
40
75
6.62
6.81
7.11
7.81
6.32
1.41
5
2.67
12.84
13.33
10.15
12.5
13.22
7.04
7.5
9.33
37.62
39.38
38.07
34.38
25.86
14.08
15
37.33
22.76
22.16
25.38
28.91
27.01
23.94
20
18.67
10.41
10.14
10.15
9.38
9.2
21.13
20
10.67
2.54
2.41
1.02
2.34
4.02
8.45
2.5
2.67
3.82
3.12
4.57
3.13
7.47
14.08
7.5
9.33
0.68
0.64
1.02
0
0.57
0
2.5
2.67
0.54
0.46
0.51
0.78
1.72
1.41
0
0
2.17
1.56
2.03
0.78
4.6
8.45
20
6.67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Mean
(month)
Std. Dev.
N
Median
P90
Iqr
No
response
23.69
21.77
25.43
21.23
30.64
43.28
65.2
38.88
26.43
19.83
36.07
16.91
34.29
39.36
88.84
63.07
3506
2821
197
128
174
71
40
75
18
18
18
18
24
36
36
24
42
36
42
36
60
60
198
66
12
12
12
14.5
24
25
43
24
152
111
4
2
8
11
2
14
42
US
Question 4-4 How many months of the research led up to this patent application? （研究開始から特許出願までに経過した時間）
A.3 How many months did the
research leading to this patent last
until its application? (month)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
Org type
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
N
within 1 year 2 year 3 year
0.5
year
480
364
11
21
46
4
2
32
476
342
27
18
43
8
4
34
524
397
26
9
60
9
3
20
209
151
6
2
30
8
3
9
within 1 year 2 year 3 year
0.5
year
1867
1364
72
58
212
40
20
101
25.71
26.69
15.28
36.21
21.7
10
10
31.68
25.5
25.07
37.5
31.03
20.28
20
20
33.66
28.07
29.11
36.11
15.52
28.3
22.5
15
19.8
11.19
11.07
8.33
3.45
14.15
20
15
8.91
mean
(month)
sd
N
Median
p90
20.55
18.99
17.63
16.22
27.69
37.43
51.85
18.28
24.37
18.19
16.26
15.06
40.45
44.66
57.69
30.27
1867
1364
72
58
212
40
20
101
21
12
12
12
21
24
33
12
36
36
27
42
48
60
114
36
43
4 year
75
47
0
5
15
5
2
1
4 year
4.02
3.45
0
8.62
7.08
12.5
10
0.99
5 year 6 year 7 year 8 year 9 year Missing
or
more
53
32
0
3
10
3
1
4
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
4
0
0
0
1
1
0
27
11
1
0
8
2
4
1
5 year 6 year 7 year 8 year 9 year
or
more
2.84
2.35
0
5.17
4.72
7.5
5
3.96
Interquartile Missing
18
18
12
18
24
36
66
18
12
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
52
25
2
2
4
2
0
17
0.64
0.81
1.39
0
0
0
0
0
0.27
0.37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.32
0.29
0
0
0
2.5
5
0
1.45
0.81
1.39
0
3.77
5
20
0.99
52
25
2
2
4
2
0
17
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Japan
Question 4-5 Which of the following scenarios best describes the creative process that led to your invention? （当該発明の創造プロセス）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
研究プロジェクト 研究プロジェクト 研究プロジェクト アイデアを通常 アイデアを研究
の主要目標 の主要目標では の主要目標とは 業務で着想し、 開発費をかける
ないが予想でき 関係なく予想もし 研究プロジェクト ことなく直接特許
化した
の中で発展
ていない副産物
た副産物
All
targeted
achievement
expected byproduct
unexpected by
product
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1798
1477
109
48
72
39
21
32
804
684
36
29
25
15
7
8
123
90
1
6
9
10
4
3
N
targeted
achievement
expected byproduct
unexpected by
product
3613
2902
199
130
180
81
40
81
49.76
50.9
54.77
36.92
40
48.15
52.5
39.51
22.25
23.57
18.09
22.31
13.89
18.52
17.5
9.88
3.4
3.1
0.5
4.62
5
12.35
10
3.7
44
related to your no R&D involved
normal job
414
310
25
26
36
4
1
12
430
315
25
20
32
10
7
21
related to your no R&D involved
normal job
11.46
10.68
12.56
20
20
4.94
2.5
14.81
11.9
10.85
12.56
15.38
17.78
12.35
17.5
25.93
その他
無回答
other
no
response
44
26
3
1
6
3
0
5
45
30
2
0
2
1
2
8
other
Total
1.22
0.9
1.51
0.77
3.33
3.7
0
6.17
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
Question 4-5 Which of the following scenarios best describes the creative process that led to your invention? （当該発
明の創造プロセス）
A.4 Which of the following
scenarios best describes the
creative process that led to your
invention?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
targeted
achievement
expected
byproduct
unexpected
by product
related to
your normal
job
no R&D
involved
other
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
974
697
39
35
122
17
8
56
207
160
8
5
18
7
1
8
220
163
10
2
25
7
2
11
212
155
9
9
23
2
3
11
270
200
8
9
27
7
6
13
14
9
0
0
1
0
0
4
22
5
0
0
0
2
0
15
N
targeted
achievement
expected
byproduct
unexpected
by product
related to
your normal
job
no R&D
involved
other
Total
1897
1384
74
60
216
40
20
103
51.34
50.36
52.7
58.33
56.48
42.5
40
54.37
10.91
11.56
10.81
8.33
8.33
17.5
5
7.77
11.6
11.78
13.51
3.33
11.57
17.5
10
10.68
11.18
11.2
12.16
15
10.65
5
15
10.68
14.23
14.45
10.81
15
12.5
17.5
30
12.62
0.74
0.65
0
0
0.46
0
0
3.88
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
45
Japan
Question 4-6 What would best describe the type of the invention? （当該発明は「もの」「方法」どちらの発明であったか）
All
All
「もの」の発明
Product
「方法」の発明
Process
上記の両方
both
無回答
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1638
1339
89
59
70
30
15
36
1127
878
63
49
62
26
18
31
879
707
49
22
49
25
9
18
14
8
0
0
1
1
0
4
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3644
2924
201
130
181
81
42
85
Product
44.95
45.79
44.28
45.38
38.67
37.04
35.71
42.35
Process
30.93
30.03
31.34
37.69
34.25
32.1
42.86
36.47
both
24.12
24.18
24.38
16.92
27.07
30.86
21.43
21.18
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
46
US
Question 4-6 What would best describe the type of the invention? （当該発明は「もの」「方法」どちらの発明であったか）
A.5 Which of the following would best describe the
type of the invention in the focal patent?
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
Product
Process
both
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
899
658
33
25
114
16
8
45
378
291
16
10
31
8
2
20
529
376
17
18
60
18
9
31
113
64
8
7
11
0
1
22
N
Product
Process
both
Total
1806
1235
66
53
205
42
19
96
49.78
49.66
50
47.17
55.61
38.1
42.11
46.88
20.93
21.96
24.24
18.87
15.12
19.05
10.53
20.83
29.29
28.38
25.76
33.96
29.27
42.86
47.37
32.29
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
47
Japan
Question 4-7 Did the invention build in a substantial way on any prior patent that you were awave of? （当該発
明は、先行特許を基礎として生み出されたものか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
yes
no
no response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1848
1525
110
51
76
31
14
41
1776
1382
91
79
104
50
28
42
34
25
0
0
2
1
0
6
N
yes
no
Total
3624
2907
201
130
180
81
42
83
50.99
52.46
54.73
39.23
42.22
38.27
33.33
49.4
49.01
47.54
45.27
60.77
57.78
61.73
66.67
50.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
If "yes", had the inventions of these prior patents been made in the firm (including the affiliated firms) firms as
you belonged to? (当該発明の先行特許は所属企業内で生み出されたものか)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
yes
no
no response
1848
1525
110
51
76
31
14
41
1131
933
72
28
49
16
6
27
701
580
36
23
26
14
8
14
16
12
2
0
1
1
0
0
N
yes
no
Total
1832
1513
108
51
75
30
14
41
61.74
61.67
66.67
54.9
65.33
53.33
42.86
65.85
38.26
38.33
33.33
45.1
34.67
46.67
57.14
34.15
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
48
This page is intentionally left blank.
49
Japan
Question 4-8 Has this invention led to any improvement inventions afterwards? （当該発明は、その後の改良発明に
つながったか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
1848
1525
110
51
76
31
14
41
yes
1192
974
67
31
58
20
11
31
no
647
544
43
20
18
10
3
9
no response
9
7
0
0
0
1
0
1
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1839
1518
110
51
76
30
14
40
yes
64.82
64.16
60.91
60.78
76.32
66.67
78.57
77.5
no
35.18
35.84
39.09
39.22
23.68
33.33
21.43
22.5
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
If YES, which type of the firms accounted for these improvement patents? （改良発明を行った組織の割合）
All
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
1192
974
67
31
58
20
11
31
N
1182
965
67
31
57
20
11
31
自社
この研究で
提携関係に
ある他社
Your firm,
Firms in
including
alliance
related such as cofirms
applicants
1150
950
64
29
56
15
8
28
顧客・製品
ユーザー
サプライ
ヤー企業
その他
無回答
The other
competitor
Customers
and product
users
Suppliers
others
no
response
141
126
5
6
2
0
0
2
55
37
5
4
6
0
1
2
26
23
0
0
2
0
0
1
14
7
0
0
0
3
3
1
10
9
0
0
1
0
0
0
The other
competitor
Customers
and product
users
Suppliers
others
Total
11.93
13.06
7.46
19.35
3.51
0
0
6.45
4.65
3.83
7.46
12.9
10.53
0
9.09
6.45
2.2
2.38
0
0
3.51
0
0
3.23
1.18
0.73
0
0
0
15
27.27
3.23
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
143
96
9
6
11
10
4
7
Your firm,
Firms in
including
alliance
related such as cofirms
applicants
97.29
98.45
95.52
93.55
98.25
75
72.73
90.32
競争企業
12.1
9.95
13.43
19.35
19.3
50
36.36
22.58
50
This page is intentionally left blank.
51
Japan
Question 4-9 Please indicate whether the co-inventor exists, according to the type of the following organizations. You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明の共同発明者の類型（複回答あり））
All
自社
All
Your firm
外部組織の 設備、材料、部品、ソ 顧客・製品
発明者がい フトウェア等のサプラ ユーザー
る場合
イヤー企業
any external Suppliers for parts,
co-inventor
materials,
equipments,
software etc.
(including contract
manufactures)
Customers
and product
users
競争企業
Competitor
All
3658
2417
477
124
147
2932
2037
249
71
85
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
201
139
39
10
18
Small firm (101-250)
130
86
40
4
19
182
88
46
16
16
Very small firm (<101)
82
13
57
15
1
university
Other
42
17
22
2
0
unknown
89
37
24
6
8
Note1: There are cases that respondent's answer of Question 4-9 discords with the number of inventors in
Note2: Any external co-inventor is 1 if there are co-inventor outside thier own firm. Otherwise it is 0.
%
N
Your firm
any external Suppliers for parts,
co-inventor
materials,
equipments,
software etc.
(including contract
manufactures)
Customers
and product
users
直接競合して 上記以外の 大学など高等教 国立研究機 地方公共団体 財団法人、民 その他の政
いないが同じ
企業
育機関（付属研
関
の研究機関 間病院、民間
府機関
産業内の他企
究所を含む）
非営利研究
業
機関
NonOther firm(s) University and Government
Local
Hospital,
Other
competitor(s)
education
Research
Government
Foundation, government
within the
Organization
Research
or Private organizaition
same industry
Organization
Research
Organization
16
37
9
22
1
4
2
3
2
4
0
2
2
0
0
2
the patent bibliographic
Competitor
All
3603
67.48
13.32
3.46
4.1
0.45
Large firm (> 500)
2889
70.9
8.67
2.47
2.96
0.31
Medium firm (251-500)
200
69.62
19.53
5.01
9.02
0.5
Small firm (101-250)
130
66.15
30.77
3.08
14.62
1.54
176
51.06
26.69
9.28
9.28
1.16
Very small firm (<101)
80
16.4
71.91
18.92
1.26
0
university
Other
41
41.74
54.02
4.91
0
4.91
unknown
87
43.11
27.97
6.99
9.32
0
Note: For example, the incidence of co-invention with suppliers is given by
Prob(coinvention with suppliers) = Prob(coinvention with suppliers | coinvention) * Prob(coinventions)
69
29
6
5
8
13
4
4
86
31
3
6
6
29
5
6
NonOther firm(s) University and
competitor(s)
education
within the
same industry
1.03
0.77
2
2.31
2.32
2.52
0
2.33
52
1.93
1.01
3.01
3.85
4.64
16.4
9.82
4.66
2.4
1.08
1.5
4.62
3.48
36.59
12.28
6.99
18
5
3
1
0
2
6
1
6
0
0
1
0
0
5
0
Government
Research
Organization
Local
Government
Research
Organization
0.5
0.17
1.5
0.77
0
2.52
14.73
1.17
0.17
0
0
0.77
0
0
12.28
0
5
1
0
0
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Other
Hospital,
Foundation, government
or Private organizaition
Research
Organization
0.14
0.03
0
0
0.58
2.52
2.46
0
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
2.46
0
その他
無回答
other
no
response
41
19
2
3
3
4
5
5
55
43
1
0
6
2
1
2
other
1.14
0.66
1
2.31
1.74
5.05
12.28
5.83
US
(1/2)
Question 4-9 Please indicate whether the co-inventor exists, according to the type of the following organizations. You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明の共同発明者の類型（複回答あり））
all
Your firm
Any External
Co-inventor
Suppliers for parts,
materials, equipments,
software etc.
(including contract
manufactures)
Customers
and product
users
Competitor
Noncompetitor(
s) within
the same
industry
Other
firm(s)
University
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
1196
922
45
37
113
29
7
43
218
135
8
6
36
20
5
8
95
66
1
3
14
5
0
6
72
47
3
2
11
2
1
6
24
17
0
1
2
0
0
4
22
15
1
0
2
1
0
3
36
22
2
0
9
2
0
1
47
21
2
3
5
15
1
0
N
Your firm
Any External
Co-inventor
Suppliers for parts,
materials, equipments,
software etc.
(including contract
manufactures)
Customers
and product
users
Competitor
Noncompetitor(
s) within
the same
industry
Other
firm(s)
University
1759
1288
67
52
204
40
20
88
67.99
71.58
67.16
71.15
55.39
72.5
35
48.86
12.39
10.48
11.94
11.54
17.65
50
25
9.09
5.4
5.12
1.49
5.77
6.86
12.5
0
6.82
4.09
3.65
4.48
3.85
5.39
5
5
6.82
1.36
1.32
0
1.92
0.98
0
0
4.55
1.25
1.16
1.49
0
0.98
2.5
0
3.41
2.05
1.71
2.99
0
4.41
5
0
1.14
2.67
1.63
2.99
5.77
2.45
37.5
5
0
A.6A Including yourself, please
indicate whether the co-inventor
exists as well as its number,
according to the type of the following
organizations
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
53
Government Hospital,
Research Foundation,
Organizatio or Private
Research
n
Organizatio
n
11
7
0
0
2
1
1
0
8
3
0
0
3
1
1
0
Government Hospital,
Research Foundation,
Organizatio or Private
Research
n
Organizatio
n
0.63
0.54
0
0
0.98
2.5
5
0
0.45
0.23
0
0
1.47
2.5
5
0
Other
Missing
9
2
0
1
4
0
1
1
160
101
7
8
12
2
0
30
Other
0.51
0.16
0
1.92
1.96
0
5
1.14
Japan
Question 4-9 (2) # of inventors, sole-invention, any external co-invention and multiple-assignee（発明者数、単独発
明、外部共同発明、共同出願）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
all
# of inventors
median
p90
sole
inventor
sole
inventor (%)
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
2.76
2.78
2.82
2.68
2.35
2.83
3.05
2.63
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
1020
799
51
37
69
22
9
33
27.88
27.25
25.37
28.46
37.91
26.83
21.43
37.08
Multipleassignee
Multipleassignee (%)
375
222
33
34
37
20
15
14
10.25
7.57
16.42
26.15
20.33
24.39
35.71
15.73
Any external
co-inventor
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
477
249
39
40
46
57
22
24
Any external No response
co-inventor (%)
13.32
8.67
19.53
30.77
26.69
71.91
54.02
27.97
54
55
43
1
0
6
2
1
2
US
(2/2)
Question 4-9 (2) # of inventors, sole-invention, any external co-invention and multiple-assignee（発明者数、単独
発明、外部共同発明、共同出願）
Based on patent applications
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
# of inventors
median
p90
sole inventors
sole inventior (%)
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
2.71
2.79
2.66
2.60
2.44
2.74
1.95
2.45
2
2
2
2
2
2.5
1.5
2
5
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
525
353
19
15
80
5
10
43
27.36
25.41
25.68
25
37.04
11.9
50
36.44
Any External
Co-inventor
Any
External
Coinventor
(%)
12.39
10.48
11.94
11.54
17.65
50
25
9.09
Missing
Multipleassignee
Multiple-assignee
(%)
160
101
7
8
12
2
0
30
34
20
1
2
6
2
0
3
1.77
1.44
1.35
3.33
2.78
4.76
0
2.54
218
135
8
6
36
20
5
8
55
Japan
Question 4-10 Was there any (formal or informal) collaboration between your employer and other partners (excluding co-inventors)? You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明につながる研究の外部組織との協力がある場合(但し共同発明者
を除く)、協力相手の類型、重複回答あり）
All
設備、材料、部
品、ソフトウェア等
のサプライヤー企
業
顧客・製品
ユーザー
競争企業
直接競合していな 上記以外の企 大学など高
いが同じ産業内
業
等教育機関
の他企業
（付属研究
所を含む）
All
Supplier(s), which
provides parts,
materials, or
equipments
Customers
or product
users
Competitor(s)
Noncompetitor(s)
within the
industry
Other firm(s)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
536
428
37
25
24
7
6
9
289
226
18
12
22
0
1
10
27
23
3
0
0
1
0
0
65
46
4
2
5
1
3
4
%
N
Supplier(s), which
provides parts,
materials, or
equipments
Customers
or product
users
Competitor(s)
Noncompetitor(s)
within the
industry
All
3655
14.66
7.91
0.74
1.78
2930
14.61
7.71
0.78
1.57
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
200
18.5
9
1.5
2
Small firm (101-250)
130
19.23
9.23
0
1.54
182
13.19
12.09
0
2.75
Very small firm (<101)
82
8.54
0
1.22
1.22
university
Other
42
14.29
2.38
0
7.14
unknown
89
10.11
11.24
0
4.49
Note: For example, the incidence of co-invention with suppliers is given by ...
Prob(coinvention with suppliers) = Prob(coinvention with suppliers | coinvention) * Prob(coinventions)
国立研究機関 地方公共団体の研 財団法人、民間病 その他の政府
究機関
院、民間非営利研究
機関
機関
その他
外部組織の発
明者がいる場
合
無回答
University
and
education
Government
Research
Organization
Local government
research
organization
Hospital,
Foundation, or
Private Research
Organization
Other
Government
Institution
others
any
collaboration
no
response
72
50
6
3
6
2
2
3
154
110
5
5
16
8
4
6
45
27
4
1
5
4
1
3
14
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
25
18
0
1
3
3
0
0
10
6
0
1
0
1
1
1
38
28
5
1
1
2
0
1
1041
804
67
47
61
22
14
26
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Other firm(s)
University
and
education
Government
Research
Organization
Local government
research
organization
Hospital,
Foundation, or
Private Research
Organization
Other
Government
Institution
others
any
collaboration
1.97
1.71
3
2.31
3.3
2.44
4.76
3.37
4.21
3.75
2.5
3.85
8.79
9.76
9.52
6.74
1.23
0.92
2
0.77
2.75
4.88
2.38
3.37
0.38
0.1
1
1.54
1.65
1.22
2.38
2.25
0.68
0.61
0
0.77
1.65
3.66
0
0
0.27
0.2
0
0.77
0
1.22
2.38
1.12
1.04
0.96
2.5
0.77
0.55
2.44
0
1.12
28.48
27.44
33.5
36.15
33.52
26.83
33.33
29.21
56
US
Question 4-10 Was there any (formal or informal) collaboration between your employer and other partners (excluding co-inventors)? You can check all relevant boxes. （当該発明につながる研究の外部組織との協力がある場合(但し共同発明
者を除く)、協力相手の類型、重複回答あり）
all
Your firm
Suppliers for parts,
materials,
equipments,
software etc.
(including contract
manufactures)
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
426
333
18
8
39
12
1
15
191
144
4
4
32
1
2
4
N
Your firm
Suppliers for parts,
materials,
equipments,
software etc.
(including contract
manufactures)
1717
1278
64
47
198
42
19
69
24.81
26.06
28.13
17.02
19.7
28.57
5.26
21.74
11.12
12.27
6.25
8.51
16.16
2.38
10.53
5.8
A.6B Was there any (formal or
informal) collaboration between
your employer and other
partners (excluding coinventors)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
Customers and Competitor
Nonproduct users
competitor(s)
within the
same industry
160
122
9
5
20
1
2
1
12
11
0
0
1
0
0
0
20
14
1
0
3
0
0
2
Customers and Competitor
Nonproduct users
competitor(s)
within the
same industry
9.32
9.55
14.06
10.64
10.1
2.38
10.53
1.47
0.7
0.86
0
0
0.51
0
0
0
1.16
1.1
1.56
0
1.52
0
0
2.9
57
Other
firm(s)
University
Government
Research
Organization
Hospital,
Foundation, or
Private
Research
Organization
Other
Any External
Collaborator
Missing
54
35
4
1
10
3
0
1
72
46
4
3
11
7
0
1
30
19
2
1
7
0
1
0
18
12
1
0
4
0
1
0
10
6
0
0
2
0
2
0
390
275
15
12
60
12
8
8
202
111
10
13
18
0
1
49
Other
firm(s)
University
Government
Research
Organization
Hospital,
Foundation, or
Private
Research
Organization
Other
Any External
Collaborator
3.15
2.74
6.25
2.13
5.05
7.14
0
1.45
4.19
3.6
6.25
6.38
5.56
16.67
0
1.47
1.75
1.49
3.13
2.13
3.54
0
5.26
0
1.05
0.94
1.56
0
2.02
0
5.26
0
0.58
0.47
0
0
1.01
0
10.53
0
22.71
21.52
23.44
25.53
30.3
28.57
42.11
11.59
Japan
Question 4-11 Were the interactions (discussions, meetings, sources of ideas, etc.) with the following types of people
(apart from co-inventors) important during the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important)(交流先重要性の評価）
People belong to the same firm (including affiliates), typically took less than one hour to reach his/her office or
location.（同一組織内で移動時間が1時間以内）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
全く重要で 重要ではな どちらでも 重要であ 非常に重
い
ない
る
要である
はない
1
2
3
4
5
All
交流なし
無回答
All
no
interaction
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
693
551
45
19
41
17
8
12
127
91
7
8
12
6
1
2
138
114
6
6
3
2
0
7
325
254
17
13
21
8
3
9
969
821
49
32
29
14
8
16
933
808
42
25
29
6
11
12
473
293
35
27
47
29
11
31
N
no
interaction
1
2
3
4
5
Total
3185
2639
166
103
135
53
31
58
21.76
20.88
27.11
18.45
30.37
32.08
25.81
20.69
3.99
3.45
4.22
7.77
8.89
11.32
3.23
3.45
4.33
4.32
3.61
5.83
2.22
3.77
0
12.07
10.2
9.62
10.24
12.62
15.56
15.09
9.68
15.52
30.42
31.11
29.52
31.07
21.48
26.42
25.81
27.59
29.29
30.62
25.3
24.27
21.48
11.32
35.48
20.69
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
no
response
People belong to the same firm (including affiliates), typically took more than one hour to reach his/her
office or location.（同一組織内で移動時間が1時間超）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
交流なし
全く重要で 重要ではな どちらでも 重要であ 非常に重
はない
い
ない
る
要である
1
2
3
4
5
All
no
interaction
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1105
909
56
31
52
26
14
17
196
152
10
8
12
8
3
3
236
191
16
11
5
3
0
10
507
416
25
17
27
6
4
12
709
607
35
26
26
5
5
5
279
245
14
5
9
0
3
3
626
412
45
32
51
34
13
39
N
no
interaction
1
2
3
4
5
Total
3032
2520
156
98
131
48
29
50
36.44
36.07
35.9
31.63
39.69
54.17
48.28
34
6.46
6.03
6.41
8.16
9.16
16.67
10.34
6
7.78
7.58
10.26
11.22
3.82
6.25
0
20
16.72
16.51
16.03
17.35
20.61
12.5
13.79
24
23.38
24.09
22.44
26.53
19.85
10.42
17.24
10
9.2
9.72
8.97
5.1
6.87
0
10.34
6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
58
無回答
no
response
This page is intentionally left blank.
59
Japan
Question 4-11 Were the interactions (discussions, meetings, sources of ideas, etc.) with the following types of
people (apart from co-inventors) important during the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important)(交流先重要性の評価）
People belong to other organization(unaffiliated), typically took less than one hour to reach his/her
office or location（組織外で移動時間が1時間以内）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
交流なし
全く重要で 重要では どちらで 重要であ 非常に重
はない
ない
もない
る
要である
1
2
3
4
5
無回答
All
no
interaction
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1385
1150
73
39
65
24
12
22
196
162
8
7
7
7
1
4
245
199
11
15
11
2
0
7
501
413
24
18
24
8
6
8
493
408
27
17
20
6
7
8
178
148
8
4
6
6
3
3
660
452
50
30
49
29
13
37
N
no
interaction
1
2
3
4
5
Total
2998
2480
151
100
133
53
29
52
46.2
46.37
48.34
39
48.87
45.28
41.38
42.31
6.54
6.53
5.3
7
5.26
13.21
3.45
7.69
8.17
8.02
7.28
15
8.27
3.77
0
13.46
16.71
16.65
15.89
18
18.05
15.09
20.69
15.38
16.44
16.45
17.88
17
15.04
11.32
24.14
15.38
5.94
5.97
5.3
4
4.51
11.32
10.34
5.77
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
no
response
People belong to other organization (unaffiliated), typically took more than one hour to reach
his/her office or location（組織外で移動時間が1時間超）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
交流なし
全く重要で 重要では どちらで 重要であ 非常に重
はない
ない
もない
る
要である
1
2
3
4
5
All
no
interaction
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1150
966
58
34
52
12
7
21
188
151
8
4
10
9
2
4
277
224
16
15
9
5
1
7
541
429
32
22
29
12
6
11
665
540
30
26
32
16
12
9
340
276
21
7
14
9
7
6
497
346
36
22
36
19
7
31
N
no
interaction
1
2
3
4
5
Total
3161
2586
165
108
146
63
35
58
36.38
37.35
35.15
31.48
35.62
19.05
20
36.21
5.95
5.84
4.85
3.7
6.85
14.29
5.71
6.9
8.76
8.66
9.7
13.89
6.16
7.94
2.86
12.07
17.11
16.59
19.39
20.37
19.86
19.05
17.14
18.97
21.04
20.88
18.18
24.07
21.92
25.4
34.29
15.52
10.76
10.67
12.73
6.48
9.59
14.29
20
10.34
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
60
無回答
no
response
This page is intentionally left blank.
61
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the
research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知
識源の重要度）
Scientific and Technical Literature（科学技術文献 ）
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも
い
ない
い
ない
重要であ 非常に重要
る
である
無回答
All
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
653
532
33
28
40
4
1
15
126
87
6
14
13
2
1
3
260
220
13
5
7
4
1
10
484
400
34
17
21
4
2
6
1378
1116
82
43
68
30
14
25
618
492
24
15
17
33
20
17
139
85
9
8
16
5
3
13
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3519
2847
192
122
166
77
39
76
18.56
18.69
17.19
22.95
24.1
5.19
2.56
19.74
3.58
3.06
3.13
11.48
7.83
2.6
2.56
3.95
7.39
7.73
6.77
4.1
4.22
5.19
2.56
13.16
13.75
14.05
17.71
13.93
12.65
5.19
5.13
7.89
39.16
39.2
42.71
35.25
40.96
38.96
35.9
32.89
17.56
17.28
12.5
12.3
10.24
42.86
51.28
22.37
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Patent Literature（特許文献）
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも
い
ない
い
ない
重要であ 非常に重要
る
である
無回答
All
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
504
396
21
17
36
12
8
14
116
80
3
9
12
6
2
4
210
171
8
12
7
4
1
7
451
348
34
16
22
18
4
9
1460
1196
86
55
64
22
8
29
796
668
44
15
28
11
14
16
121
73
5
6
13
9
5
10
%
N
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3537
2859
196
124
169
73
37
79
I did not
use
14.25
13.85
10.71
13.71
21.3
16.44
21.62
17.72
3.28
2.8
1.53
7.26
7.1
8.22
5.41
5.06
5.94
5.98
4.08
9.68
4.14
5.48
2.7
8.86
12.75
12.17
17.35
12.9
13.02
24.66
10.81
11.39
41.28
41.83
43.88
44.35
37.87
30.14
21.62
36.71
22.5
23.36
22.45
12.1
16.57
15.07
37.84
20.25
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
62
US
(1/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the
research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識
源の重要度）
Scientific and Technical Literature（科学技術文献 ）
A7_a Scientific and Technical
Literature
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
460
339
15
14
64
5
3
20
110
89
5
5
7
1
0
3
182
143
10
4
17
1
0
7
331
242
15
12
41
6
2
13
330
255
14
6
30
9
5
11
355
243
7
11
46
19
9
20
151
78
8
8
11
1
1
44
685
498
21
17
76
28
14
31
N
I did not
use
26.02
25.86
22.73
26.92
31.22
12.2
15.79
27.03
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
6.22
6.79
7.58
9.62
3.41
2.44
0
4.05
10.29
10.91
15.15
7.69
8.29
2.44
0
9.46
18.72
18.46
22.73
23.08
20
14.63
10.53
17.57
18.67
19.45
21.21
11.54
14.63
21.95
26.32
14.86
20.08
18.54
10.61
21.15
22.44
46.34
47.37
27.03
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
38.74
37.99
31.82
32.69
37.07
68.29
73.68
41.89
1768
1311
66
52
205
41
19
74
Patent Literature（特許文献）
A7_b patent literature
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
University
Hospital/Government/Other
Missing
all
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
615
447
22
16
82
13
10
25
179
137
6
5
22
4
1
4
198
154
12
5
14
4
0
9
263
205
8
5
25
5
3
12
241
181
8
9
23
5
3
12
258
178
9
11
37
9
2
12
165
87
9
9
13
2
1
44
499
359
17
20
60
14
5
24
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
1754
1302
65
51
203
40
19
74
35.06
34.33
33.85
31.37
40.39
32.5
52.63
33.78
10.21
10.52
9.23
9.8
10.84
10
5.26
5.41
11.29
11.83
18.46
9.8
6.9
10
0
12.16
14.99
15.75
12.31
9.8
12.32
12.5
15.79
16.22
13.74
13.9
12.31
17.65
11.33
12.5
15.79
16.22
14.71
13.67
13.85
21.57
18.23
22.5
10.53
16.22
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
28.45
27.57
26.16
39.22
29.56
35
26.32
32.44
63
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the
research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識
源の重要度）
Trade Fair or Exhibition（見本市、展示会）
All
All
使っていな 全く重要で
い
ない
I did not
1
use
重要でな どちらでも 重要であ 非常に重要
い
ない
る
である
2
3
4
5
無回答
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1160
957
64
32
50
25
14
18
355
270
14
21
19
15
10
6
472
398
18
19
13
10
1
13
729
598
35
28
33
13
7
15
658
526
44
18
39
6
4
21
104
76
13
3
9
2
0
1
180
107
13
9
19
11
6
15
%
N
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3478
2825
188
121
163
71
36
74
I did not
use
33.35
33.88
34.04
26.45
30.67
35.21
38.89
24.32
10.21
9.56
7.45
17.36
11.66
21.13
27.78
8.11
13.57
14.09
9.57
15.7
7.98
14.08
2.78
17.57
20.96
21.17
18.62
23.14
20.25
18.31
19.44
20.27
18.92
18.62
23.4
14.88
23.93
8.45
11.11
28.38
2.99
2.69
6.91
2.48
5.52
2.82
0
1.35
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Technical conferences and workshops（技術的なコンファレンス・ワークショップ）
All
All
使っていな 全く重要で
い
ない
I did not
1
use
重要でな どちらでも 重要であ 非常に重要
い
ない
る
である
2
3
4
5
無回答
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1187
975
65
38
61
22
7
19
278
214
15
17
19
4
3
6
364
297
19
13
15
8
1
11
800
647
48
27
32
18
8
20
717
593
29
20
32
10
15
18
117
92
8
2
3
9
2
1
195
114
17
13
20
11
6
14
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3463
2818
184
117
162
71
36
75
34.28
34.6
35.33
32.48
37.65
30.99
19.44
25.33
8.03
7.59
8.15
14.53
11.73
5.63
8.33
8
10.51
10.54
10.33
11.11
9.26
11.27
2.78
14.67
23.1
22.96
26.09
23.08
19.75
25.35
22.22
26.67
20.7
21.04
15.76
17.09
19.75
14.08
41.67
24
3.38
3.26
4.35
1.71
1.85
12.68
5.56
1.33
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
64
US
(2/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting
the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用で
あった知識源の重要度）
Trade Fair or Exhibition（見本市、展示会）
A7_c Fair or exhibition
all
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1725
Large firm ( >=501)
1283
Medium SMEs
64
Small firms (100-250)
50
Very small firm (< 100)
199
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
72
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
1269
957
51
32
135
30
14
50
228
166
5
10
32
4
1
10
108
75
2
3
13
2
3
10
78
55
3
4
12
2
0
2
26
22
0
0
4
0
0
0
16
8
3
1
3
1
0
0
194
106
10
10
17
3
2
46
42
30
3
1
7
1
0
0
I did not
use
73.57
74.59
79.69
64
67.84
76.92
77.78
69.44
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
13.22
12.94
7.81
20
16.08
10.26
5.56
13.89
6.26
5.85
3.13
6
6.53
5.13
16.67
13.89
4.52
4.29
4.69
8
6.03
5.13
0
2.78
1.51
1.71
0
0
2.01
0
0
0
0.93
0.62
4.69
2
1.51
2.56
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
2.44
2.33
4.69
2
3.52
2.56
0
0
Technical conferences and workshops（技術的なコンファレンス・ワークショップ）
A7_d Technical conferences and
workshops
all
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1746
Large firm ( >=501)
1298
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
52
Very small firm (< 100)
199
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
73
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
948
703
35
27
117
18
9
39
201
143
12
8
27
1
0
10
204
165
6
4
13
8
3
5
211
148
6
9
28
6
4
10
126
94
6
4
11
2
3
6
56
45
0
0
3
5
0
3
173
91
9
8
17
2
1
45
182
139
6
4
14
7
3
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
54.3
54.16
53.85
51.92
58.79
45
47.37
53.42
11.51
11.02
18.46
15.38
13.57
2.5
0
13.7
11.68
12.71
9.23
7.69
6.53
20
15.79
6.85
12.08
11.4
9.23
17.31
14.07
15
21.05
13.7
7.22
7.24
9.23
7.69
5.53
5
15.79
8.22
3.21
3.47
0
0
1.51
12.5
0
4.11
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10.43
10.71
9.23
7.69
7.04
17.5
15.79
12.33
65
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting
the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用で
あった知識源の重要度）
Standard documents, such as those from ISO (standards, contributions)（ISOなどの標準関連文書）
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
い
ない
い
ない
る
非常に重
要である
無回答
All
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1411
1159
78
42
65
29
15
23
582
466
27
25
27
15
8
14
573
473
30
24
23
10
2
11
592
469
35
21
30
13
6
18
246
202
9
7
14
4
3
7
56
49
3
0
1
0
2
1
198
114
19
11
22
11
6
15
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3460
2818
182
119
160
71
36
74
40.78
41.13
42.86
35.29
40.63
40.85
41.67
31.08
16.82
16.54
14.84
21.01
16.88
21.13
22.22
18.92
16.56
16.78
16.48
20.17
14.37
14.08
5.56
14.86
17.11
16.64
19.23
17.65
18.75
18.31
16.67
24.32
7.11
7.17
4.95
5.88
8.75
5.63
8.33
9.46
1.62
1.74
1.65
0
0.63
0
5.56
1.35
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
無回答
Your firm excluding co-inventors （組織内）
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
い
ない
い
ない
る
All
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
388
291
22
11
28
17
7
12
148
100
5
12
15
8
2
6
208
165
15
9
4
10
1
4
593
481
32
21
27
12
4
16
1530
1278
79
52
63
16
18
24
630
533
33
14
26
8
4
12
161
84
15
11
19
11
6
15
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3497
2848
186
119
163
71
36
74
11.1
10.22
11.83
9.24
17.18
23.94
19.44
16.22
4.23
3.51
2.69
10.08
9.2
11.27
5.56
8.11
5.95
5.79
8.06
7.56
2.45
14.08
2.78
5.41
16.96
16.89
17.2
17.65
16.56
16.9
11.11
21.62
43.75
44.87
42.47
43.7
38.65
22.54
50
32.43
18.02
18.71
17.74
11.76
15.95
11.27
11.11
16.22
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
66
US
(3/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
suggesting the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研
究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
Standard documents, such as those from ISO (standards, contributions)（ISOなどの標準関連文書）
A7_e Standard documents, such as
from ISO (standards, contributions)
all
All
1,919
1389
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1736
Large firm ( >=501)
1288
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
201
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
73
I did not
use
1224
913
46
35
136
30
12
52
1
2
222 112
157 86
8
4
8
1
34 12
5
2
1
2
9
5
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
94
68
3
5
10
2
2
4
48
37
2
1
5
1
1
1
36
27
2
1
4
0
0
2
183
101
9
9
15
2
2
45
84
64
4
2
9
1
1
3
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
70.51
70.89
70.77
68.63
67.66
75
66.67
71.23
12.8
12.2
12.3
15.7
16.9
12.5
5.56
12.3
6.45
6.68
6.15
1.96
5.97
5
11.1
6.85
5.41
5.28
4.62
9.8
4.98
5
11.1
5.48
2.76
2.87
3.08
1.96
2.49
2.5
5.56
1.37
2.07
2.1
3.08
1.96
1.99
0
0
2.74
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4.83
4.97
6.16
3.92
4.48
2.5
5.56
4.11
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
346
273
16
13
25
3
2
14
321
247
10
9
38
2
1
14
163
85
8
9
14
2
1
44
667
520
26
22
63
5
3
28
Your firm excluding co-inventors （組織内）
A7_F Your firm, excluding coinventors
all
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1756
Large firm ( >=501)
1304
Medium SMEs
66
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
202
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
74
355
233
6
7
61
21
11
16
124 233 377
87 171 293
4
14 16
7
5
10
20 25 33
3
3
8
0
2
3
3
13 14
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
20.22
17.87
9.09
13.73
30.2
52.5
57.89
21.62
7.06
6.67
6.06
13.7
9.9
7.5
0
4.05
13.3
13.1
21.2
9.8
12.4
7.5
10.5
17.6
21.5
22.5
24.2
19.6
16.3
20
15.8
18.9
19.7
20.9
24.2
25.5
12.4
7.5
10.5
18.9
18.28
18.94
15.15
17.65
18.81
5
5.26
18.92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
37.98
39.88
39.39
43.14
31.19
12.5
15.79
37.84
67
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the
research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知
識源の重要度）
University and Education（大学など高等教育機関）
All
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
い
ない
要である
I did not
use
1528
1283
83
46
72
13
10
21
無回答
1
2
3
4
5
352
279
21
21
17
3
1
10
415
347
21
15
14
5
3
10
672
545
42
23
30
14
7
11
423
315
17
9
28
22
14
18
95
59
1
7
2
19
3
4
no
response
173
104
16
9
19
6
4
15
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3485
2828
185
121
163
76
38
74
43.85
45.37
44.86
38.02
44.17
17.11
26.32
28.38
10.1
9.87
11.35
17.36
10.43
3.95
2.63
13.51
11.91
12.27
11.35
12.4
8.59
6.58
7.89
13.51
19.28
19.27
22.7
19.01
18.4
18.42
18.42
14.86
12.14
11.14
9.19
7.44
17.18
28.95
36.84
24.32
2.73
2.09
0.54
5.79
1.23
25
7.89
5.41
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Non-University Public Research Organization（大学以外の公的研究機関）
All
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
い
ない
要である
I did not
use
1600
1346
84
42
75
22
12
19
無回答
1
2
3
4
5
368
287
19
23
18
7
2
12
425
361
16
17
14
5
1
11
689
549
41
21
35
18
10
15
341
249
24
13
19
14
9
13
49
27
4
4
2
6
2
4
no
response
186
113
13
10
19
10
6
15
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
N
All
3472
46.08
10.6
12.24
19.84
9.82
1.41
100
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
2819
188
120
163
72
36
74
47.75
44.68
35
46.01
30.56
33.33
25.68
10.18
10.11
19.17
11.04
9.72
5.56
16.22
12.81
8.51
14.17
8.59
6.94
2.78
14.86
19.47
21.81
17.5
21.47
25
27.78
20.27
8.83
12.77
10.83
11.66
19.44
25
17.57
0.96
2.13
3.33
1.23
8.33
5.56
5.41
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
I did not
use
68
US
(4/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
suggesting the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)
(研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
University and Education（大学など高等教育機関）
all
A7_G Universities
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1731
Large firm ( >=501)
1287
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
50
Very small firm (< 100)
198
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
72
I did not
use
1180
904
45
33
126
11
13
48
1
2
3
204 122 120
149 94 78
6
4
5
7
3
6
28
9
19
2
6
6
0
3
1
12
3
5
4
5
Missing %4 or 5
67
40
3
1
14
6
1
2
38
22
2
0
2
9
1
2
188
102
9
10
18
2
1
46
105
62
5
1
16
15
2
4
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
68.17
70.24
69.23
66
63.64
27.5
68.42
66.67
11.8
11.6
9.23
14
14.1
5
0
16.7
7.05
7.3
6.15
6
4.55
15
15.8
4.17
6.93
6.06
7.69
12
9.6
15
5.26
6.94
3.87
3.11
4.62
2
7.07
15
5.26
2.78
2.2
1.71
3.08
0
1.01
22.5
5.26
2.78
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.07
4.82
7.7
2
8.08
37.5
10.52
5.56
Non-University Public Research Organization（大学以外の公的研究機関）
A7_H Governments research
organization
all
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1736
Large firm ( >=501)
1288
Medium SMEs
66
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
199
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
73
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
1371
1036
54
40
143
32
14
52
173
118
6
8
29
3
0
9
91
66
3
2
11
1
2
6
58
39
2
1
12
2
1
1
28
21
1
0
2
2
0
2
15
8
0
0
2
0
2
3
183
101
8
9
17
2
1
45
43
29
1
0
4
2
2
5
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
78.97
80.43
81.82
78.43
71.86
80
73.68
71.23
9.97
9.16
9.09
15.7
14.6
7.5
0
12.3
5.24
5.12
4.55
3.92
5.53
2.5
10.5
8.22
3.34
3.03
3.03
1.96
6.03
5
5.26
1.37
1.61
1.63
1.52
0
1.01
5
0
2.74
0.86
0.62
0
0
1.01
0
10.53
4.11
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
2.47
2.25
1.52
0
2.02
5
10.53
6.85
69
Missing %4 or 5
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the
research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知
識源の重要度）
Customers or Product users （顧客・製品ユーザー）
All
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
い
ない
要である
I did not
1
2
3
4
5
use
無回答
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
830
684
39
18
38
29
11
11
157
120
4
8
7
7
4
7
198
169
10
5
2
5
2
5
433
354
21
13
16
17
5
7
1199
978
66
48
61
9
11
26
694
549
49
28
40
4
5
19
147
78
12
10
18
11
4
14
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3511
2854
189
120
164
71
38
75
23.64
23.97
20.63
15
23.17
40.85
28.95
14.67
4.47
4.2
2.12
6.67
4.27
9.86
10.53
9.33
5.64
5.92
5.29
4.17
1.22
7.04
5.26
6.67
12.33
12.4
11.11
10.83
9.76
23.94
13.16
9.33
34.15
34.27
34.92
40
37.2
12.68
28.95
34.67
19.77
19.24
25.93
23.33
24.39
5.63
13.16
25.33
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Suppliers（サプライヤー）
All
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
い
ない
要である
I did not
1
2
3
4
5
use
無回答
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1108
914
56
31
52
27
11
17
269
212
8
15
11
9
6
8
359
301
16
8
14
8
3
9
742
580
41
34
43
17
9
18
761
625
53
27
29
6
7
14
233
194
13
3
11
5
0
7
186
106
14
12
22
10
6
16
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3472
2826
187
118
160
72
36
73
31.91
32.34
29.95
26.27
32.5
37.5
30.56
23.29
7.75
7.5
4.28
12.71
6.88
12.5
16.67
10.96
10.34
10.65
8.56
6.78
8.75
11.11
8.33
12.33
21.37
20.52
21.93
28.81
26.88
23.61
25
24.66
21.92
22.12
28.34
22.88
18.13
8.33
19.44
19.18
6.71
6.86
6.95
2.54
6.88
6.94
0
9.59
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
70
US
(5/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting
the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用で
あった知識源の重要度）
Customers or Product users （顧客・製品ユーザー）
A7_I Customers or product users
all
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1746
Large firm ( >=501)
1293
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
52
Very small firm (< 100)
202
University
41
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
74
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
756
554
26
22
81
26
13
34
136
108
6
1
13
3
1
4
141
110
2
6
15
1
2
5
244
179
13
6
27
7
2
10
261
193
8
6
34
3
1
16
208
149
10
11
32
1
0
5
173
96
9
8
14
1
1
44
469
342
18
17
66
4
1
21
I did not
use
43.3
42.85
40
42.31
40.1
63.41
68.42
45.95
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
7.79
8.35
9.23
1.92
6.44
7.32
5.26
5.41
8.08
8.51
3.08
11.54
7.43
2.44
10.53
6.76
13.97
13.84
20
11.54
13.37
17.07
10.53
13.51
14.95
14.93
12.31
11.54
16.83
7.32
5.26
21.62
11.91
11.52
15.38
21.15
15.84
2.44
0
6.76
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
26.86
26.45
27.69
32.69
32.67
9.76
5.26
28.38
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
223
161
6
8
29
3
0
16
141
107
7
4
17
0
2
4
142
109
4
5
18
1
1
4
92
65
4
6
12
0
1
4
42
38
0
0
2
2
0
0
181
98
9
9
16
2
2
45
134
103
4
6
14
2
1
4
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
12.83
12.47
9.23
15.69
14.5
7.5
0
21.92
8.11
8.29
10.77
7.84
8.5
0
11.11
5.48
8.17
8.44
6.15
9.8
9
2.5
5.56
5.48
5.29
5.03
6.15
11.76
6
0
5.56
5.48
2.42
2.94
0
0
1
5
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
7.71
7.97
6.15
11.76
7
5
5.56
5.48
Suppliers（サプライヤー）
A7_J Suppliers
all
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1738
Large firm ( >=501)
1291
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
200
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
73
I did not
use
1098
811
44
28
122
34
14
45
I did not
use
63.18
62.82
67.69
54.9
61
85
77.78
61.64
71
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the research
that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
Competitors (e.g. knowledge from its products) （競争相手）
All
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
非常に重
要である
無回答
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
818
662
40
23
46
23
8
16
1
179
127
11
11
14
8
3
5
2
175
125
14
11
9
7
0
9
3
538
420
31
13
31
21
10
12
4
1305
1099
62
46
53
11
13
21
5
483
413
28
17
10
2
2
11
no response
160
86
15
9
19
10
6
15
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3498
2846
186
121
163
72
36
74
I did not use
23.38
23.26
21.51
19.01
28.22
31.94
22.22
21.62
1
5.12
4.46
5.91
9.09
8.59
11.11
8.33
6.76
2
5
4.39
7.53
9.09
5.52
9.72
0
12.16
3
15.38
14.76
16.67
10.74
19.02
29.17
27.78
16.22
4
37.31
38.62
33.33
38.02
32.52
15.28
36.11
28.38
5
13.81
14.51
15.05
14.05
6.13
2.78
5.56
14.86
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
無回答
Consulting or contract R&D firms （コンサルティング企業・R&D請負企業）
All
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1803
1501
103
50
80
30
18
21
%
N
3459
2817
183
119
161
72
36
71
I did not use
52.12
53.28
56.28
42.02
49.69
41.67
50
29.58
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
1
526
419
21
28
26
14
6
12
2
485
396
28
17
21
8
2
13
3
519
408
25
18
26
15
9
18
4
108
81
3
6
7
5
1
5
5
18
12
3
0
1
0
0
2
no response
199
115
18
11
21
10
6
18
1
15.21
14.87
11.48
23.53
16.15
19.44
16.67
16.9
2
14.02
14.06
15.3
14.29
13.04
11.11
5.56
18.31
3
15
14.48
13.66
15.13
16.15
20.83
25
25.35
4
3.12
2.88
1.64
5.04
4.35
6.94
2.78
7.04
5
0.52
0.43
1.64
0
0.62
0
0
2.82
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
US
(6/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the
research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識
源の重要度）
Competitors (e.g. knowledge from its products) （競争相手）
A7_K competitors
all
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth 20
Missing
118
I did not use
1154
847
44
35
131
34
14
49
1
195
154
3
5
22
2
1
8
2
134
96
10
3
15
2
1
7
3
135
108
4
1
16
2
0
4
4
85
61
2
5
9
0
3
5
5
41
26
2
3
9
0
0
1
%
N
All
1744
Large firm ( >=501)
1292
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
52
Very small firm (< 100)
202
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth 19
Missing
74
I did not use
66.17
65.56
67.69
67.31
64.85
85
73.68
66.22
1
11.18
11.92
4.62
9.62
10.89
5
5.26
10.81
2
7.68
7.43
15.38
5.77
7.43
5
5.26
9.46
3
7.74
8.36
6.15
1.92
7.92
5
0
5.41
4
4.87
4.72
3.08
9.62
4.46
0
15.79
6.76
5
2.35
2.01
3.08
5.77
4.46
0
0
1.35
73
Missing %4 or 5
175
126
97
87
9
4
8
8
14
18
2
0
1
3
44
6
Total
99.99
100
100
100.01
100.01
100
99.99
100.01
%4 or 5
7.22
6.73
6.16
15.39
8.92
0
15.79
8.11
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the research
that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
others
All
使っていな 全く重要で 重要でな
い
ない
い
どちらでもない
重要であ
る
非常に重
要である
無回答
All
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
no response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
3212
2593
177
117
153
64
34
74
142
110
8
7
11
3
1
2
58
48
3
0
2
3
1
1
133
112
5
1
6
4
3
2
26
18
2
2
1
1
1
1
44
26
4
3
3
6
1
1
43
25
2
0
6
1
1
8
%
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3615
2907
199
130
176
81
41
81
88.85
89.2
88.94
90
86.93
79.01
82.93
91.36
3.93
3.78
4.02
5.38
6.25
3.7
2.44
2.47
1.6
1.65
1.51
0
1.14
3.7
2.44
1.23
3.68
3.85
2.51
0.77
3.41
4.94
7.32
2.47
0.72
0.62
1.01
1.54
0.57
1.23
2.44
1.23
1.22
0.89
2.01
2.31
1.7
7.41
2.44
1.23
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
US
(6/7)_2
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the research that led to
the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
Others
all
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
1158
864
51
32
138
22
13
38
40
32
1
0
6
0
1
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
7
0
0
4
0
0
5
688
470
22
28
67
20
6
75
24
15
0
0
4
0
0
5
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
1231
919
52
32
149
22
14
43
94.07
94.02
98.08
100
92.62
100
92.86
88.37
3.25
3.48
1.92
0
4.03
0
7.14
0
0.24
0.22
0
0
0.67
0
0
0
0.49
0.65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.65
0.87
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.3
0.76
0
0
2.68
0
0
11.63
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1.95
1.63
0
0
2.68
0
0
11.63
A7_L Others
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
75
Japan
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
4 or 5
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
Standard
Patent Trade Fair technical
Scientific
documents,
conferenc
Literature
or
and
such as those
es and
Exhibition
Technical
from ISO
workshops
Literature
(standards,
contributions)
56.72
56.48
55.21
47.54
51.20
81.82
87.18
55.26
63.78
65.20
66.33
56.45
54.44
45.21
59.46
56.96
21.91
21.31
30.32
17.36
29.45
11.27
11.11
29.73
24.08
24.31
20.11
18.80
21.60
26.76
47.22
25.33
8.73
8.91
6.59
5.88
9.38
5.63
13.89
10.81
Your firm University
and
excluding
Education
coinventors
61.77
63.59
60.22
55.46
54.60
33.80
61.11
48.65
76
14.86
13.22
9.73
13.22
18.40
53.95
44.74
29.73
Customers Suppliers Competito Consulting
Nonor
rs (e.g.
University or Product
knowledge contract
users
Public
from its R&D firms
Research
products)
Organization
11.23
9.79
14.89
14.17
12.88
27.78
30.56
22.97
53.92
53.50
60.85
63.33
61.59
18.31
42.11
60.00
28.63
28.98
35.29
25.42
25.00
15.28
19.44
28.77
51.11
53.13
48.39
52.07
38.65
18.06
41.67
43.24
3.64
3.30
3.28
5.04
4.97
6.94
2.78
9.86
US
(7/7)
Question 4-12 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for suggesting the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) (研究の着想に有用であった知識源の重要度）
4 or 5
A7. %
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
Standard
Patent Trade Fair technical
Scientific
documents,
conferenc
Literature
or
and
such as those
es and
Exhibition
Technical
from ISO
workshops
Literature
(standards,
contributions)
38.74
37.99
31.82
32.69
37.07
68.29
73.68
41.89
28.45
27.57
26.15
39.22
29.56
35
26.32
32.43
2.43
2.34
4.69
2
3.52
2.56
0
0
10.42
10.71
9.23
7.69
7.04
17.5
15.79
12.33
4.84
4.97
6.15
3.92
4.48
2.5
5.56
4.11
77
Your firm University
and
excluding
Education
coinventors
37.98
39.88
39.39
43.14
31.19
12.5
15.79
37.84
6.07
4.82
7.69
2
8.08
37.5
10.53
5.56
Customers Suppliers Competito
Nonrs (e.g.
University or Product
knowledge
users
Public
from its
Research
products)
Organization
2.48
2.25
1.52
0
2.01
5
10.53
6.85
26.86
26.45
27.69
32.69
32.67
9.76
5.26
28.38
7.71
7.98
6.15
11.76
7
5
5.56
5.48
7.22
6.73
6.15
15.38
8.91
0
15.79
8.11
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
Scientific and Technical Literature（科学技術文献 ）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
794
147
270
543
1190
646
111
228
449
963
48
5
14
31
64
28
13
12
18
36
49
13
9
20
56
5
2
2
5
30
3
1
0
3
16
15
2
5
17
25
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3514
2845
189
121
167
76
40
76
I did not use
22.6
22.71
25.4
23.14
29.34
6.58
7.5
19.74
All
1
4.18
3.9
2.65
10.74
7.78
2.63
2.5
2.63
2
7.68
8.01
7.41
9.92
5.39
2.63
0
6.58
3
15.45
15.78
16.4
14.88
11.98
6.58
7.5
22.37
4
33.86
33.85
33.86
29.75
33.53
39.47
40
32.89
非常に重
要である
5
570
448
27
14
20
32
17
12
無回答
no response
144
87
12
9
15
6
2
13
5
16.22
15.75
14.29
11.57
11.98
42.11
42.5
15.79
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
5
721
591
45
15
28
12
13
17
無回答
no response
140
85
7
8
15
11
3
11
5
20.49
20.76
23.2
12.3
16.77
16.9
33.33
21.79
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Patent Literature（特許文献）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
626
112
234
503
1322
508
81
198
391
1078
29
3
13
29
75
18
7
8
24
50
37
8
10
24
60
14
6
2
14
23
9
2
0
2
13
11
5
3
19
23
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3518
2847
194
122
167
71
39
78
I did not use
17.79
17.84
14.95
14.75
22.16
19.72
23.08
14.1
All
1
3.18
2.85
1.55
5.74
4.79
8.45
5.13
6.41
2
6.65
6.95
6.7
6.56
5.99
2.82
0
3.85
78
3
14.3
13.73
14.95
19.67
14.37
19.72
5.13
24.36
4
37.58
37.86
38.66
40.98
35.93
32.39
33.33
29.49
US
(1/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources
of knowledge for contributing to the completion of the research that led to the
patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するため
に使用した知識の重要度）
Scientific and Technical Literature（科学技術文献 ）
all I did not 1
2
3
A8_a Scientific and Technical
use
Literature
All
1,919
459
138 224 348
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
345
110 169 268
Medium SMEs
74
13
6
10 16
Small firms (100-250)
60
14
4
6
8
Very small firm (< 100)
216
54
10 27 35
University
42
2
2
5
6
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
4
0
0
2
Missing
118
27
6
7
13
%
N
All
1763
Large firm ( >=501)
1307
Medium SMEs
66
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
204
University
41
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
75
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
281
210
11
5
35
6
4
10
313
205
10
14
43
20
9
12
156
82
8
9
12
1
1
43
594
415
21
19
78
26
13
22
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
26.04
26.4
19.7
27.45
26.47
4.88
21.05
36
7.83
8.42
9.09
7.84
4.9
4.88
0
8
12.7
12.9
15.2
11.8
13.2
12.2
0
9.33
19.7
20.5
24.2
15.7
17.2
14.6
10.5
17.3
15.9
16.1
16.7
9.8
17.2
14.6
21.1
13.3
17.75
15.68
15.15
27.45
21.08
48.78
47.37
16
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
33.69
31.75
31.82
37.25
38.24
63.41
68.42
29.33
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
217
160
7
7
24
7
3
9
218
143
11
12
33
8
3
8
174
95
9
9
14
2
1
44
435
303
18
19
57
15
6
17
Patent Literature（特許文献）
A8_b patent literature
all
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1745
Large firm ( >=501)
1294
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
202
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
74
617
453
24
15
77
10
8
30
192 221 280
152 168 218
7
8
8
7
3
7
16 28 24
5
4
6
1
1
3
4
9
14
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
35.36
35.01
36.92
29.41
38.12
25
42.11
40.54
11
11.8
10.8
13.7
7.92
12.5
5.26
5.41
12.7
13
12.3
5.88
13.9
10
5.26
12.2
16.1
16.9
12.3
13.7
11.9
15
15.8
18.9
12.4
12.4
10.8
13.7
11.9
17.5
15.8
12.2
12.49
11.05
16.92
23.53
16.34
20
15.79
10.81
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
24.93
23.41
27.69
37.26
28.22
37.5
31.58
22.97
79
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
Trade Fair or Exhibition（見本市、展示会）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でない どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
ない
ない
要である
I did not use
1
2
3
4
5
1305
357
442
686
591
86
1073
297
368
549
471
61
77
14
20
34
34
9
32
16
16
30
21
4
61
11
12
32
37
7
29
7
10
10
9
2
14
6
3
10
5
0
19
6
13
21
14
3
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3467
2819
188
119
160
67
38
76
I did not use
37.64
38.06
40.96
26.89
38.13
43.28
36.84
25
1
10.3
10.54
7.45
13.45
6.88
10.45
15.79
7.89
2
12.75
13.05
10.64
13.45
7.5
14.93
7.89
17.11
3
19.79
19.47
18.09
25.21
20
14.93
26.32
27.63
4
17.05
16.71
18.09
17.65
23.13
13.43
13.16
18.42
5
2.48
2.16
4.79
3.36
4.38
2.99
0
3.95
無回答
no response
191
113
13
11
22
15
4
13
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Technical conferences and workshops（技術的なコンファレンス・ワークショップ）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でない どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
ない
ない
I did not use
1
2
3
4
5
1320
303
401
743
601
90
1095
243
327
587
490
73
78
12
25
44
22
4
34
18
16
30
18
2
64
15
16
40
24
3
24
3
7
14
15
6
7
5
0
9
16
0
18
7
10
19
16
2
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3458
2815
185
118
162
69
37
72
I did not use
38.17
38.9
42.16
28.81
39.51
34.78
18.92
25
1
8.76
8.63
6.49
15.25
9.26
4.35
13.51
9.72
2
11.6
11.62
13.51
13.56
9.88
10.14
0
13.89
80
3
21.49
20.85
23.78
25.42
24.69
20.29
24.32
26.39
4
17.38
17.41
11.89
15.25
14.81
21.74
43.24
22.22
5
2.6
2.59
2.16
1.69
1.85
8.7
0
2.78
無回答
no response
200
117
16
12
20
13
5
17
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(2/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
Trade Fair or Exhibition（見本市、展示会）
A8_c Fair or exhibition
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
all
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
N
1726
1280
65
50
199
40
19
73
I did not
use
1329
996
52
34
144
33
14
56
I did not
use
77
77.81
80
68
72.36
82.5
73.68
76.71
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
197
138
3
12
31
3
0
10
106
81
5
2
8
2
4
4
60
41
4
1
8
2
1
3
22
16
0
1
5
0
0
0
12
8
1
0
3
0
0
0
193
109
9
10
17
2
1
45
34
24
1
1
8
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
11.41
10.78
4.62
24
15.58
7.5
0
13.7
6.14
6.33
7.69
4
4.02
5
21.05
5.48
3.48
3.2
6.15
2
4.02
5
5.26
4.11
1.27
1.25
0
2
2.51
0
0
0
0.7
0.63
1.54
0
1.51
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1.97
1.88
1.54
2
4.02
0
0
0
Technical conferences and workshops（技術的なコンファレンス・ワークショップ）
A8_d Technical conferences and
workshops
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
all
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
1074
803
42
30
127
20
9
43
211
161
6
7
24
4
2
7
169
122
11
6
19
5
2
4
145
104
2
5
14
5
3
12
95
66
4
2
12
3
2
6
40
31
0
0
4
3
1
1
185
102
9
10
16
2
1
45
135
97
4
2
16
6
3
7
N
I did not
use
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
1734
1287
65
50
200
40
19
73
61.94
62.39
64.62
60
63.5
50
47.37
58.9
12.17
12.51
9.23
14
12
10
10.53
9.59
9.75
9.48
16.92
12
9.5
12.5
10.53
5.48
8.36
8.08
3.08
10
7
12.5
15.79
16.44
5.48
5.13
6.15
4
6
7.5
10.53
8.22
2.31
2.41
0
0
2
7.5
5.26
1.37
100.01
100
100
100
100
100
100.01
100
7.79
7.54
6.15
4
8
15
15.79
9.59
81
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for contributing
to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研
究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
Standard documents, such as those from ISO (standards, contributions)（ISOなどの標準関連文書）
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
1
2
3
4
非常に重
要である
5
無回答
All
使っていない
All
I did not use
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1478
1215
80
40
73
32
17
21
511
410
23
27
20
8
8
15
463
377
25
18
20
8
3
12
625
504
31
26
29
13
5
17
293
240
18
7
17
4
1
6
81
67
7
0
1
1
3
2
207
119
17
12
22
16
5
16
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3451
2813
184
118
160
66
37
73
I did not use
42.83
43.19
43.48
33.9
45.63
48.48
45.95
28.77
1
14.81
14.58
12.5
22.88
12.5
12.12
21.62
20.55
2
13.42
13.4
13.59
15.25
12.5
12.12
8.11
16.44
3
18.11
17.92
16.85
22.03
18.13
19.7
13.51
23.29
4
8.49
8.53
9.78
5.93
10.63
6.06
2.7
8.22
5
2.35
2.38
3.8
0
0.63
1.52
8.11
2.74
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
5
無回答
no
response
Your firm excluding co-inventors（組織内）
All
使っていない
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
1
2
3
4
All
I did not use
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
428
320
22
15
35
20
5
11
140
96
5
13
10
7
4
5
167
126
12
10
7
6
0
6
540
428
33
13
32
14
7
13
1404
1185
67
51
51
13
15
22
807
688
47
16
27
9
5
15
172
89
15
12
20
13
6
17
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3486
2843
186
118
162
69
36
72
I did not use
12.28
11.26
11.83
12.71
21.6
28.99
13.89
15.28
1
4.02
3.38
2.69
11.02
6.17
10.14
11.11
6.94
2
4.79
4.43
6.45
8.47
4.32
8.7
0
8.33
3
15.49
15.05
17.74
11.02
19.75
20.29
19.44
18.06
4
40.28
41.68
36.02
43.22
31.48
18.84
41.67
30.56
5
23.15
24.2
25.27
13.56
16.67
13.04
13.89
20.83
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
no
response
US
(3/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources
of knowledge for contributing to the completion of the research that led to the
patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するため
に使用した知識の重要度）
Standard documents, such as those from ISO (standards, contributions)（ISOなどの標準関連文書）
A8_e Standard documents, such as
from ISO (standards, contributions)
all
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1721
Large firm ( >=501)
1274
Medium SMEs
65
Small firms (100-250)
51
Very small firm (< 100)
200
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
72
I did not
use
1220
906
45
36
137
32
11
53
I did not
use
70.89
71.11
69.23
70.59
68.5
80
57.89
73.61
1
2
3
191 109 110
143 75 79
6
4
5
7
4
2
23 17 14
4
0
3
1
2
4
7
7
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
56
46
2
1
4
0
1
2
35
25
3
1
5
1
0
0
198
115
9
9
16
2
1
46
91
71
5
2
9
1
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
11.1
11.2
9.23
13.7
11.5
10
5.26
9.72
6.33
5.89
6.15
7.84
8.5
0
10.5
9.72
6.39
6.2
7.69
3.92
7
7.5
21.1
4.17
3.25
3.61
3.08
1.96
2
0
5.26
2.78
2.03
1.96
4.62
1.96
2.5
2.5
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
5.28
5.57
7.7
3.92
4.5
2.5
5.26
2.78
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
350
272
10
11
32
3
2
20
359
280
13
13
37
5
0
11
167
91
8
8
14
2
1
43
709
552
23
24
69
8
2
31
Your firm excluding co-inventors（組織内）
A8_F Your firm, excluding coinventors
all
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1752
Large firm ( >=501)
1298
Medium SMEs
66
Small firms (100-250)
52
Very small firm (< 100)
202
University
40
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
75
I did not
use
394
269
9
11
57
20
11
17
I did not
use
22.49
20.72
13.64
21.15
28.22
50
57.89
22.67
104 220 325
68 166 243
7
13 14
4
4
9
19 25 32
4
2
6
0
2
4
2
8
17
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
5.94
5.24
10.6
7.69
9.41
10
0
2.67
12.6
12.8
19.7
7.69
12.4
5
10.5
10.7
18.6
18.7
21.2
17.3
15.8
15
21.1
22.7
20
21
15.2
21.2
15.8
7.5
10.5
26.7
20.49
21.57
19.7
25
18.32
12.5
0
14.67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40.47
42.53
34.85
46.15
34.16
20
10.53
41.34
83
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
University and Education（大学など高等教育機関）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
1643
402
399
597
341
1383
335
330
475
244
92
16
24
36
17
45
22
16
20
13
76
17
11
29
26
16
1
3
12
18
11
1
4
9
11
20
10
11
16
12
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3465
2817
185
120
160
70
39
74
I did not use
47.42
49.09
49.73
37.5
47.5
22.86
28.21
27.03
1
11.6
11.89
8.65
18.33
10.63
1.43
2.56
13.51
2
11.52
11.71
12.97
13.33
6.88
4.29
10.26
14.86
3
17.23
16.86
19.46
16.67
18.13
17.14
23.08
21.62
4
9.84
8.66
9.19
10.83
16.25
25.71
28.21
16.22
非常に重
要である
5
83
50
0
4
1
20
3
5
無回答
no response
193
115
16
10
22
12
3
15
5
2.4
1.77
0
3.33
0.63
28.57
7.69
6.76
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
5
48
31
3
2
2
7
1
2
無回答
no response
206
123
15
11
22
13
5
17
5
1.39
1.1
1.61
1.68
1.25
10.14
2.7
2.78
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Non-University Public Research Organization（大学以外の公的研究機関）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
1711
403
416
603
271
1440
333
349
479
177
92
13
24
32
22
42
24
14
21
16
83
16
10
30
19
21
3
5
19
14
12
3
2
10
9
21
11
12
12
14
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3452
2809
186
119
160
69
37
72
I did not use
49.57
51.26
49.46
35.29
51.88
30.43
32.43
29.17
All
1
11.67
11.85
6.99
20.17
10
4.35
8.11
15.28
2
12.05
12.42
12.9
11.76
6.25
7.25
5.41
16.67
84
3
17.47
17.05
17.2
17.65
18.75
27.54
27.03
16.67
4
7.85
6.3
11.83
13.45
11.88
20.29
24.32
19.44
US
(4/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources
of knowledge for contributing to the completion of the research that led to the
patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するため
に使用した知識の重要度）
University and Education（大学など高等教育機関）
I did not 1
2
use
All
1,919 1253
175 121
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
958
130 88
Medium SMEs
74
49
2
3
Small firms (100-250)
60
33
8
3
Very small firm (< 100)
216
131
25 17
University
42
13
3
2
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
13
1
3
Missing
118
56
6
5
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
90
51
6
6
16
5
1
5
50
32
4
1
6
7
0
0
36
17
1
0
5
11
1
1
194
113
9
9
16
1
1
45
86
49
5
1
11
18
1
1
%
A8_G Universities
all
N
I did not
use
All
1725
72.64
Large firm ( >=501)
1276
75.08
Medium SMEs
65
75.38
Small firms (100-250)
51
64.71
Very small firm (< 100)
200
65.5
University
41
31.71
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
68.42
Missing
73
76.71
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
10.1
10.2
3.08
15.7
12.5
7.32
5.26
8.22
7.01
6.9
4.62
5.88
8.5
4.88
15.8
6.85
5.22
4
9.23
11.8
8
12.2
5.26
6.85
2.9
2.51
6.15
1.96
3
17.1
0
0
2.09
1.33
1.54
0
2.5
26.83
5.26
1.37
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4.99
3.84
7.69
1.96
5.5
43.9
5.26
1.37
Governments research organization
I did not 1
use
All
1919
1388
168
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
1043
117
Medium SMEs
74
57
3
Very small firm (< 100)
60
36
9
University
216
154
23
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 42
30
2
Other
20
11
3
Missing
118
57
11
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
81
65
1
4
6
3
1
1
52
32
3
1
9
4
1
2
21
11
1
1
4
2
1
1
12
8
0
0
2
0
2
0
197
113
9
9
18
1
1
46
33
19
1
1
6
2
3
1
%
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
9.76
9.17
4.62
17.7
11.6
4.88
15.8
15.3
4.7
5.09
1.54
7.84
3.03
7.32
5.26
1.39
3.02
2.51
4.62
1.96
4.55
9.76
5.26
2.78
1.22
0.86
1.54
1.96
2.02
4.88
5.26
1.39
0.7
0.63
0
0
1.01
0
10.53
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1.92
1.49
1.54
1.96
3.03
4.88
15.79
1.39
A8_H Governments research
organization
all
N
I did not
use
All
1722
80.6
Large firm ( >=501)
1276
81.74
Medium SMEs
65
87.69
Small firms (100-250)
51
70.59
Very small firm (< 100)
198
77.78
University
41
73.17
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
57.89
Missing
72
79.17
85
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
Customers or Product users （顧客・製品ユーザー）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
996
207
244
484
977
822
168
197
382
801
50
6
11
31
53
22
7
12
21
37
48
6
9
17
50
29
7
8
11
9
11
7
1
9
7
14
6
6
13
20
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3493
2839
194
119
162
67
39
73
I did not use
28.51
28.95
25.77
18.49
29.63
43.28
28.21
19.18
1
5.93
5.92
3.09
5.88
3.7
10.45
17.95
8.22
2
6.99
6.94
5.67
10.08
5.56
11.94
2.56
8.22
3
13.86
13.46
15.98
17.65
10.49
16.42
23.08
17.81
4
27.97
28.21
27.32
31.09
30.86
13.43
17.95
27.4
非常に重
要である
5
585
469
43
20
32
3
4
14
無回答
no response
165
93
7
11
20
15
3
16
5
16.75
16.52
22.16
16.81
19.75
4.48
10.26
19.18
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
5
279
237
17
8
10
3
1
3
無回答
no response
198
111
15
12
23
15
5
17
5
8.06
8.4
9.14
6.78
6.29
4.48
2.7
4.17
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Suppliers（サプライヤー）
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
1141
286
320
646
788
934
229
259
507
655
65
8
13
39
44
25
16
14
32
23
60
9
15
29
36
28
9
8
12
7
12
7
1
9
7
17
8
10
18
16
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3460
2821
186
118
159
67
37
72
I did not use
32.98
33.11
34.95
21.19
37.74
41.79
32.43
23.61
1
8.27
8.12
4.3
13.56
5.66
13.43
18.92
11.11
2
9.25
9.18
6.99
11.86
9.43
11.94
2.7
13.89
86
3
18.67
17.97
20.97
27.12
18.24
17.91
24.32
25
4
22.77
23.22
23.66
19.49
22.64
10.45
18.92
22.22
US
(5/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources
of knowledge for contributing to the completion of the research that led to the
patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するため
に使用した知識の重要度）
Customers or Product users（顧客・製品ユーザー）
I did not 1
2
3
use
All
1,919
905
156 156 169
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
681
120 116 113
Medium SMEs
74
33
3
5
12
Small firms (100-250)
60
21
7
6
3
Very small firm (< 100)
216
87
17 18 31
University
42
29
4
3
1
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
13
0
3
0
Missing
118
41
5
5
9
A8_I Customers or product users
%
all
N
I did not
use
All
1729
52.34
Large firm ( >=501)
1279
53.24
Medium SMEs
65
50.77
Small firms (100-250)
51
41.18
Very small firm (< 100)
201
43.28
University
40
72.5
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
68.42
Missing
74
55.41
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
186
135
7
7
25
3
3
6
157
114
5
7
23
0
0
8
190
110
9
9
15
2
1
44
343
249
12
14
48
3
3
14
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
9.02
9.38
4.62
13.7
8.46
10
0
6.76
9.02
9.07
7.69
11.8
8.96
7.5
15.8
6.76
9.77
8.84
18.5
5.88
15.4
2.5
0
12.2
10.8
10.6
10.8
13.7
12.4
7.5
15.8
8.11
9.08
8.91
7.69
13.73
11.44
0
0
10.81
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
19.84
19.47
18.46
27.46
23.88
7.5
15.79
18.92
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
106
118
6
7
28
1
1
4
57
81
3
5
12
1
2
2
191
44
3
0
6
1
0
3
163
199
9
12
40
2
3
6
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
9.43
9.77
9.24
9.8
9
5
10.53
6.85
Suppliers（サプライヤー）
I did not 1
2
3
use
All
1919
1073
176 151 165
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
109
797 127 113
Medium SMEs
74
9
41
4
8
Small firms (100-250)
60
9
26 10
3
Very small firm (< 100)
216
16
110 22 22
University
42
2
35
2
0
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
1
14
1
1
Missing
118
45
50 10
4
A8_J Suppliers
%
all
N
I did not
use
All
1728
62.09
Large firm ( >=501)
1280
62.27
Medium SMEs
65
63.08
Small firms (100-250)
51
50.98
Very small firm (< 100)
200
55
University
40
87.5
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
73.68
Missing
73
68.49
1
2
3
10.2
9.92
6.15
19.6
11
5
5.26
13.7
8.74
8.83
12.3
5.88
11
0
5.26
5.48
9.55
9.22
9.23
13.7
14
2.5
5.26
5.48
87
6.13 3.3
6.33 3.44
4.62 4.62
9.8
0
6
3
2.5 2.5
10.5
0
2.74 4.11
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for
contributing to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important) （研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
Competitors (e.g. knowledge from its products) （競争相手）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
1100
246
260
641
917
894
186
205
525
758
62
15
17
29
47
27
12
16
18
35
60
14
10
30
38
27
6
5
17
11
11
3
1
8
12
19
10
6
14
16
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3462
2819
187
119
160
68
37
72
I did not use
31.77
31.71
33.16
22.69
37.5
39.71
29.73
26.39
All
1
7.11
6.6
8.02
10.08
8.75
8.82
8.11
13.89
2
7.51
7.27
9.09
13.45
6.25
7.35
2.7
8.33
3
18.52
18.62
15.51
15.13
18.75
25
21.62
19.44
4
26.49
26.89
25.13
29.41
23.75
16.18
32.43
22.22
非常に重
要である
5
298
251
17
11
8
2
2
7
無回答
no response
196
113
14
11
22
14
5
17
5
8.61
8.9
9.09
9.24
5
2.94
5.41
9.72
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
5
21
17
1
0
0
0
1
2
無回答
no response
209
122
16
14
22
14
5
16
5
0.61
0.6
0.54
0
0
0
2.7
2.74
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Consulting or contract R&D firms（コンサルティング企業・R&D請負企業）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
1912
508
430
494
84
1595
407
345
384
62
107
19
29
26
3
48
30
15
20
3
91
24
16
24
5
32
10
6
16
4
16
7
4
7
2
23
11
15
17
5
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3449
2810
185
116
160
68
37
73
I did not use
55.44
56.76
57.84
41.38
56.88
47.06
43.24
31.51
All
1
14.73
14.48
10.27
25.86
15
14.71
18.92
15.07
2
12.47
12.28
15.68
12.93
10
8.82
10.81
20.55
88
3
14.32
13.67
14.05
17.24
15
23.53
18.92
23.29
4
2.44
2.21
1.62
2.59
3.13
5.88
5.41
6.85
US
(6/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources
of knowledge for contributing to the completion of the research that led to the
patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施するため
に使用した知識の重要度）
Competitors (e.g. knowledge from its products) （競争相手）
I did not
use
All
1,919
1259
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
942
Medium SMEs
74
46
Small firms (100-250)
60
33
Very small firm (< 100)
216
136
University
42
35
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
14
Missing
118
53
A8_K competitors
%
all
N
I did not
use
All
1726
72.94
Large firm ( >=501)
1277
73.77
Medium SMEs
65
70.77
Small firms (100-250)
51
64.71
Very small firm (< 100)
201
67.66
University
40
87.5
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
73.68
Missing
73
72.6
1
2
160 127
121 90
4
8
8
3
21 15
1
2
1
1
4
8
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
97
68
4
3
15
2
0
5
47
34
1
3
5
0
2
2
36
22
2
1
9
0
1
1
193
112
9
9
15
2
1
45
83
56
3
4
14
0
3
3
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
9.27
9.48
6.15
15.7
10.5
2.5
5.26
5.48
7.36
7.05
12.3
5.88
7.46
5
5.26
11
5.62
5.32
6.15
5.88
7.46
5
0
6.85
2.72
2.66
1.54
5.88
2.49
0
10.5
2.74
2.09
1.72
3.08
1.96
4.48
0
5.26
1.37
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4.81
4.38
4.62
7.84
6.97
0
15.79
4.11
89
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for contributing to
the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を
実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
others
All
All
使っていない 全く重要で 重要でない どちらでもない 重要であ
ない
る
I did not use
1
2
3
4
非常に重
要である
5
無回答
no
response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
3172
2552
179
114
154
69
33
71
155
123
5
9
12
3
1
2
72
60
6
1
1
2
0
2
156
131
7
1
6
3
5
3
20
15
0
3
0
0
1
1
21
12
2
2
1
2
1
1
62
39
2
0
8
3
1
9
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3596
2893
199
130
174
79
41
80
I did not use
88.21
88.21
89.95
87.69
88.51
87.34
80.49
88.75
1
4.31
4.25
2.51
6.92
6.9
3.8
2.44
2.5
2
2
2.07
3.02
0.77
0.57
2.53
0
2.5
3
4.34
4.53
3.52
0.77
3.45
3.8
12.2
3.75
4
0.56
0.52
0
2.31
0
0
2.44
1.25
5
0.58
0.41
1.01
1.54
0.57
2.53
2.44
1.25
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
US
(6/7)_2
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for contributing to the
completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施する
ために使用した知識の重要度）
Other
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
I did not use
1157
861
51
29
139
24
14
39
1
43
34
0
2
6
0
1
0
2
4
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
8
5
0
1
2
0
0
0
4
7
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
9
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
Missing
691
472
23
28
67
18
5
78
%4 or 5
15
11
0
1
2
0
0
1
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
1228
917
51
32
149
24
15
40
I did not use
94.22
93.89
100
90.63
93.29
100
93.33
97.5
1
3.5
3.71
0
6.25
4.03
0
6.67
0
2
0.33
0.33
0
0
0.67
0
0
0
3
0.65
0.55
0
3.13
1.34
0
0
0
4
0.57
0.65
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
5
0.73
0.87
0
0
0.67
0
0
0
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
1.3
1.52
0
0
0.67
0
0
2.5
A8_L Other
91
Japan
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for contributing
to the completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)
（研究を実施するために使用した知識の重要度）
4 or 5
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
Scientific and
Technical
Literature
50.09
49.60
48.15
41.32
45.51
81.58
82.50
48.68
Standard
Patent Trade Fair technical
conferences documents,
Literature
or
and
such as those
Exhibition
workshops
from ISO
(standards,
contributions)
58.07
58.62
61.86
53.28
52.69
49.30
66.67
51.28
19.53
18.87
22.87
21.01
27.50
16.42
13.16
22.37
19.98
20.00
14.05
16.95
16.67
30.43
43.24
25.00
10.84
10.91
13.59
5.93
11.25
7.58
10.81
10.96
Your firm University
and
excluding
coEducation
inventors
63.43
65.88
61.29
56.78
48.15
31.88
55.56
51.39
92
12.24
10.44
9.19
14.17
16.88
54.29
35.90
22.97
NonUniversity
Public
Research
Organization
Customer
s or
Product
users
Suppliers
Competitors
(e.g.
knowledge
from its
products)
Consulting or
contract R&D
firms
9.24
7.40
13.44
15.13
13.13
30.43
27.03
22.22
44.72
44.73
49.48
47.90
50.62
17.91
28.21
46.58
30.84
31.62
32.80
26.27
28.93
14.93
21.62
26.39
35.10
35.79
34.22
38.66
28.75
19.12
37.84
31.94
3.04
2.81
2.16
2.59
3.13
5.88
8.11
9.59
US
(7/7)
Question 4-13 Excluding co-inventors, how important were the following sources of knowledge for contributing to the
completion of the research that led to the patented invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （研究を実施する
ために使用した知識の重要度）
4 or 5
A8. %
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ ot
Missing
Scientific and
Technical
Literature
33.69
31.75
31.82
37.25
38.24
63.41
68.42
29.33
Customer Suppliers
NonYour firm University
Standard
Patent Trade Fair technical
s or
University
and
conferences documents, excluding
Literature
or
Product
Public
Education
cosuch as those
and
Exhibition
users
Research
inventors
from ISO
workshops
Organization
(standards,
contributions)
24.93
23.42
27.69
37.25
28.22
37.5
31.58
22.97
1.97
1.88
1.54
2
4.02
0
0
0
7.79
7.54
6.15
4
8
15
15.79
9.59
5.29
5.57
7.69
3.92
4.5
2.5
5.26
2.78
93
40.47
42.53
34.85
46.15
34.16
20
10.53
41.33
4.99
3.84
7.69
1.96
5.5
43.9
5.26
1.37
1.92
1.49
1.54
1.96
3.03
4.88
15.79
1.39
19.84
19.47
18.46
27.45
23.88
7.5
15.79
18.92
9.43
9.77
9.23
9.8
9
5
10.53
6.85
Competitors
(e.g.
knowledge
from its
products)
4.81
4.39
4.62
7.84
6.97
0
15.79
4.11
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to
those in Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 =
much more import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
Scientific and Technical Literature（科学技術文献 ）
All
使っていない
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
同等
All
I did not use
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1089
885
66
43
67
5
3
20
122
91
10
10
4
1
0
6
275
217
18
8
16
5
4
7
1174
980
59
41
38
23
12
21
526
411
29
12
30
21
11
12
298
234
9
7
11
19
9
9
no
response
174
114
10
9
16
8
3
14
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3484
2818
191
121
166
74
39
75
I did not use
31.26
31.41
34.55
35.54
40.36
6.76
7.69
26.67
-2
3.5
3.23
5.24
8.26
2.41
1.35
0
8
-1
7.89
7.7
9.42
6.61
9.64
6.76
10.26
9.33
0
33.7
34.78
30.89
33.88
22.89
31.08
30.77
28
1
15.1
14.58
15.18
9.92
18.07
28.38
28.21
16
2
8.55
8.3
4.71
5.79
6.63
25.68
23.08
12
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
重要性で 重要性で大きく
上回る
上回る
1
2
無回答
Patent Literature（特許文献）
All
使っていない
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
All
I did not use
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
895
703
52
36
54
17
14
19
139
107
6
11
7
2
0
6
314
262
18
9
12
4
3
6
1370
1138
74
44
53
25
10
26
524
409
33
17
32
18
6
9
260
212
14
2
11
5
5
11
156
101
4
11
13
11
4
12
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3502
2831
197
119
169
71
38
77
I did not use
25.56
24.83
26.4
30.25
31.95
23.94
36.84
24.68
-2
3.97
3.78
3.05
9.24
4.14
2.82
0
7.79
-1
8.97
9.25
9.14
7.56
7.1
5.63
7.89
7.79
0
39.12
40.2
37.56
36.97
31.36
35.21
26.32
33.77
1
14.96
14.45
16.75
14.29
18.93
25.35
15.79
11.69
2
7.42
7.49
7.11
1.68
6.51
7.04
13.16
14.29
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
同等
0
重要性で 重要性で大きく
上回る
上回る
1
2
無回答
no
response
This page is intentionally left blank.
95
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to
those in Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 =
much more import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
Trade Fair or Exhibition（見本市、展示会）
All
使っていない
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
同等
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
無回答
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1721
1420
98
48
76
30
23
26
-2
187
146
10
11
8
5
0
7
-1
295
245
14
14
9
5
3
5
0
889
725
46
31
43
16
7
21
1
259
201
16
11
15
5
2
9
2
71
53
4
1
8
2
0
3
no response
236
142
13
14
23
19
7
18
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3422
2790
188
116
159
63
35
71
I did not use
50.29
50.9
52.13
41.38
47.8
47.62
65.71
36.62
-2
5.46
5.23
5.32
9.48
5.03
7.94
0
9.86
-1
8.62
8.78
7.45
12.07
5.66
7.94
8.57
7.04
0
25.98
25.99
24.47
26.72
27.04
25.4
20
29.58
1
7.57
7.2
8.51
9.48
9.43
7.94
5.71
12.68
2
2.07
1.9
2.13
0.86
5.03
3.17
0
4.23
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Technical conferences and workshops（技術的なコンファレンス・ワークショップ）
All
使っていない
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1701
1412
94
51
80
24
11
29
-2
172
136
9
12
10
3
0
2
-1
281
222
21
14
8
5
3
8
0
899
725
51
31
45
11
11
25
1
268
220
9
6
11
14
4
4
2
95
68
3
1
5
9
6
3
no response
242
149
14
15
23
16
7
18
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3416
2783
187
115
159
66
35
71
I did not use
49.8
50.74
50.27
44.35
50.31
36.36
31.43
40.85
-2
5.04
4.89
4.81
10.43
6.29
4.55
0
2.82
-1
8.23
7.98
11.23
12.17
5.03
7.58
8.57
11.27
0
26.32
26.05
27.27
26.96
28.3
16.67
31.43
35.21
1
7.85
7.91
4.81
5.22
6.92
21.21
11.43
5.63
2
2.78
2.44
1.6
0.87
3.14
13.64
17.14
4.23
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
同等
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
無回答
This page is intentionally left blank.
97
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to those in
Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 = much more
import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
Standard documents, such as those from ISO (standards, contributions)（ISOなどの標準関連文書）
All
使っていない
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1889
1549
105
54
87
35
27
32
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3419
2784
188
116
160
65
36
70
I did not use
55.25
55.64
55.85
46.55
54.38
53.85
75
45.71
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
224
243
176
189
13
16
15
14
11
10
4
7
0
3
5
4
-2
6.55
6.32
6.91
12.93
6.88
6.15
0
7.14
-1
7.11
6.79
8.51
12.07
6.25
10.77
8.33
5.71
同等
0
870
705
47
27
48
13
5
25
0
25.45
25.32
25
23.28
30
20
13.89
35.71
重要性で 重要性で大きく
上回る
上回る
1
2
141
52
120
45
5
2
6
0
4
0
5
1
0
1
1
3
1
4.12
4.31
2.66
5.17
2.5
7.69
0
1.43
2
1.52
1.62
1.06
0
0
1.54
2.78
4.29
無回答
no response
239
148
13
14
22
17
6
19
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Your firm excluding co-inventors（組織内）
All
使っていない
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1482
1224
77
43
67
27
18
26
-2
190
150
10
12
9
6
0
3
-1
285
230
22
8
10
3
5
7
0
1165
956
59
44
47
24
9
26
1
202
162
11
5
13
4
3
4
2
83
63
3
2
9
1
1
4
no response
251
147
19
16
27
17
6
19
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3407
2785
182
114
155
65
36
70
I did not use
43.5
43.95
42.31
37.72
43.23
41.54
50
37.14
-2
5.58
5.39
5.49
10.53
5.81
9.23
0
4.29
-1
8.37
8.26
12.09
7.02
6.45
4.62
13.89
10
0
34.19
34.33
32.42
38.6
30.32
36.92
25
37.14
1
5.93
5.82
6.04
4.39
8.39
6.15
8.33
5.71
2
2.44
2.26
1.65
1.75
5.81
1.54
2.78
5.71
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
同等
重要性で 重要性で大きく
上回る
上回る
無回答
This page is intentionally left blank.
99
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to those
in Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 = much more
import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
University and Education（大学など高等教育機関）
All
使っていない
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
2006
1673
114
56
96
19
17
31
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3429
2791
187
115
158
70
36
72
I did not use
58.5
59.94
60.96
48.7
60.76
27.14
47.22
43.06
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
197
256
155
203
10
20
15
13
9
7
3
2
0
4
5
7
-2
5.75
5.55
5.35
13.04
5.7
4.29
0
6.94
-1
7.47
7.27
10.7
11.3
4.43
2.86
11.11
9.72
同等
0
753
597
36
25
35
28
8
24
0
21.96
21.39
19.25
21.74
22.15
40
22.22
33.33
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
1
2
162
55
123
40
6
1
4
2
9
2
10
8
6
1
4
1
1
4.72
4.41
3.21
3.48
5.7
14.29
16.67
5.56
2
1.6
1.43
0.53
1.74
1.27
11.43
2.78
1.39
無回答
no response
229
141
14
15
24
12
6
17
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Non-University Public Research Organization（大学以外の公的研究機関）
All
使っていない
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
2066
1721
114
55
99
29
16
32
-2
204
158
12
15
10
4
0
5
-1
239
187
18
12
5
6
3
8
0
752
603
38
27
37
17
9
21
1
123
95
4
4
4
6
7
3
2
36
26
1
1
1
4
1
2
no response
238
142
14
16
26
16
6
18
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3420
2790
187
114
156
66
36
71
I did not use
60.41
61.68
60.96
48.25
63.46
43.94
44.44
45.07
-2
5.96
5.66
6.42
13.16
6.41
6.06
0
7.04
-1
6.99
6.7
9.63
10.53
3.21
9.09
8.33
11.27
0
21.99
21.61
20.32
23.68
23.72
25.76
25
29.58
1
3.6
3.41
2.14
3.51
2.56
9.09
19.44
4.23
2
1.05
0.93
0.53
0.88
0.64
6.06
2.78
2.82
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
同等
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
無回答
This page is intentionally left blank.
101
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to those
in Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 = much more
import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
Customers or Product users（顧客・製品ユーザー）
All
使っていない
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1500
1238
75
40
66
33
20
28
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3442
2804
192
114
158
65
38
71
I did not use
43.58
44.15
39.06
35.09
41.77
50.77
52.63
39.44
All
使っていない
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1698
1402
92
46
79
31
20
28
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3415
2789
185
114
156
65
36
70
I did not use
49.72
50.27
49.73
40.35
50.64
47.69
55.56
40
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
150
250
110
205
10
18
13
6
8
11
5
3
0
4
4
3
-2
4.36
3.92
5.21
11.4
5.06
7.69
0
5.63
-1
7.26
7.31
9.38
5.26
6.96
4.62
10.53
4.23
同等
0
978
810
50
36
40
14
10
18
0
28.41
28.89
26.04
31.58
25.32
21.54
26.32
25.35
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
1
2
384
180
301
140
29
10
13
6
19
14
6
4
3
1
13
5
1
11.16
10.73
15.1
11.4
12.03
9.23
7.89
18.31
2
5.23
4.99
5.21
5.26
8.86
6.15
2.63
7.04
無回答
no response
216
128
9
16
24
17
4
18
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Suppliers（サプライヤー）
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
183
297
139
243
8
19
13
13
9
9
6
4
3
3
5
6
-2
5.36
4.98
4.32
11.4
5.77
9.23
8.33
7.14
-1
8.7
8.71
10.27
11.4
5.77
6.15
8.33
8.57
102
同等
0
907
752
49
32
36
13
6
19
0
26.56
26.96
26.49
28.07
23.08
20
16.67
27.14
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
1
2
235
95
180
73
12
5
8
2
17
6
6
5
3
1
9
3
1
6.88
6.45
6.49
7.02
10.9
9.23
8.33
12.86
2
2.78
2.62
2.7
1.75
3.85
7.69
2.78
4.29
無回答
no response
243
143
16
16
26
17
6
19
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
This page is intentionally left blank.
103
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to those
in Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 = much more
import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
Competitors (e.g. knowledge from its products) （競争相手）
All
使っていない
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
1389
1128
76
38
73
27
18
29
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3434
2801
188
115
158
67
36
69
I did not use
40.45
40.27
40.43
33.04
46.2
40.3
50
42.03
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
-1
139
228
99
184
14
14
9
11
7
8
7
3
0
3
3
5
1
4.05
3.53
7.45
7.83
4.43
10.45
0
4.35
2
6.64
6.57
7.45
9.57
5.06
4.48
8.33
7.25
同等
0
1004
836
47
38
41
15
8
19
3
29.24
29.85
25
33.04
25.95
22.39
22.22
27.54
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
1
2
452
222
365
189
24
13
15
4
22
7
12
3
5
2
9
4
4
13.16
13.03
12.77
13.04
13.92
17.91
13.89
13.04
5
6.46
6.75
6.91
3.48
4.43
4.48
5.56
5.8
無回答
no response
224
131
13
15
24
15
6
20
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Consulting or contract R&D firms（コンサルティング企業・R&D請負企業）
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
同等
重要性で 重要性で大き
上回る
く上回る
無回答
All
使っていない
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
2222
1844
123
60
102
34
27
32
-2
217
173
10
14
7
8
0
5
-1
239
188
16
11
12
3
1
8
0
650
515
33
22
34
17
7
22
1
65
49
2
6
2
2
1
3
2
22
19
1
1
0
0
0
1
no response
243
144
16
16
25
18
6
18
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3415
2788
185
114
157
64
36
71
I did not use
65.07
66.14
66.49
52.63
64.97
53.13
75
45.07
1
6.35
6.21
5.41
12.28
4.46
12.5
0
7.04
2
7
6.74
8.65
9.65
7.64
4.69
2.78
11.27
3
19.03
18.47
17.84
19.3
21.66
26.56
19.44
30.99
4
1.9
1.76
1.08
5.26
1.27
3.13
2.78
4.23
5
0.64
0.68
0.54
0.88
0
0
0
1.41
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
104
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105
Japan
Question 4-14 What was the relative importance of the following sources of knowledge of foreign countries compared to
those in Japan for your research that led to the patented invention as a whole? (-2 = much less important, 0= equal, 2 =
much more import)（外国の知識源は国内のものと比較してどの程度重要であったか）
other
All
使っていない
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
I did not use
3199
2576
178
111
158
70
35
71
%
N
I did not use
1
2
3
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3557
2860
199
126
175
79
40
78
89.94
90.07
89.45
88.1
90.29
88.61
87.5
91.03
2.33
2.2
2.01
6.35
2.86
3.8
0
0
1.01
0.91
1.51
1.59
1.71
1.27
0
1.28
6.44
6.5
7.04
3.97
5.14
6.33
10
7.69
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
重要性で 重要性で
大きく劣る 上回る
-2
83
63
4
8
5
3
0
0
-1
36
26
3
2
3
1
0
1
106
同等
重要性で
上回る
重要性で大
きく上回る
無回答
0
229
186
14
5
9
5
4
6
1
5
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
no response
101
72
2
4
7
3
2
11
4
5
Total
0.14
0.14
0
0
0
0
2.5
0
0.14
0.17
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
This page is intentionally left blank.
107
Japan
Question 4-15 Including this patent, how many domestic patent grants do you expect your research would generate
directly for your firm, including those with joint ownership? (当該研究は何件の国内特許登録をもたらしますか？）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1
616
481
38
31
32
17
7
10
2-5
1813
1412
124
80
95
43
22
37
6-10
581
485
19
14
25
12
8
18
11-50
420
366
15
3
22
3
4
7
51-100
89
76
1
1
3
3
1
4
10151
45
1
0
3
2
0
0
no response
88
67
3
1
2
2
0
13
N
1
2-5
6-10
11-50
51-100
101-
Total
3570
2865
198
129
180
80
42
76
17.25
16.79
19.19
24.03
17.78
21.25
16.67
13.16
50.78
49.28
62.63
62.02
52.78
53.75
52.38
48.68
16.27
16.93
9.6
10.85
13.89
15
19.05
23.68
11.76
12.77
7.58
2.33
12.22
3.75
9.52
9.21
2.49
2.65
0.51
0.78
1.67
3.75
2.38
5.26
1.43
1.57
0.51
0
1.67
2.5
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
108
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109
Japan
Question 4-16 How many man-months did the research leading to the patent require, including those of co-inventors? (当該発明の研究の開始から特許出願までの研究
期間）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
`
unknown
All
less than 3
man-months
4-6 manmonths
7-12 manmonths
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
682
536
34
37
36
16
7
16
570
469
35
19
15
14
5
13
599
498
31
18
29
7
3
13
N
less than 3
man-months
4-6 manmonths
7-12 manmonths
3564
2866
198
130
175
79
41
75
19.14
18.7
17.17
28.46
20.57
20.25
17.07
21.33
15.99
16.36
17.68
14.62
8.57
17.72
12.2
17.33
16.81
17.38
15.66
13.85
16.57
8.86
7.32
17.33
13-24 man- 25-48 manmonths
months
715
564
45
27
38
20
10
11
49-72 manmonths
73-96 manmonths
201
159
9
6
12
6
4
5
64
53
4
3
2
1
0
1
49-72 manmonths
73-96 manmonths
14.39
13.85
16.16
12.31
20
12.66
24.39
17.33
5.64
5.55
4.55
4.62
6.86
7.59
9.76
6.67
1.8
1.85
2.02
2.31
1.14
1.27
0
1.33
Iqr
31.5
31.5
31.5
17
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
No response
94
66
3
0
7
3
1
14
513
397
32
16
35
10
10
13
13-24 man- 25-48 manmonths
months
20.06
19.68
22.73
20.77
21.71
25.32
24.39
14.67
S.D
N
Median
p90
mean(month)
All
25.41
35.1
3564
9.5
60.5
25.85
35.99
2866
9.5
60.5
Large firm (> 500)
22.97
30.43
198
9.5
60.5
Medium firm (250-500)
19.95
28.69
130
9.5
48.5
Small firm (100-250)
25.28
31.5
175
18.5
60.5
Very small firm (<100)
26.05
35.61
79
18.5
60.5
university
Other
27.85
31.97
41
18.5
60.5
unknown
22.75
30.88
75
9.5
60.5
Note: As to choice (1)-(7) of Question 4-16, we use mean values of each range as scale scores.
As to choice (8), we calculated the scale score supposing log normanl distribution.
110
97 manmonths or
more
220
190
8
4
8
5
2
3
No
response
97 manmonths or
more
6.17
6.63
4.04
3.08
4.57
6.33
4.88
4
Total
94
66
3
0
7
3
1
14
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
Question 4-16 How many man-months did the research leading to the patent require, including those of co-inventors? (当該発明の研究の開始から特許出願までの研究期間）
A9 How many man-months did the
research leading to the patent require,
including those of co-inventors?
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
`
Missing
Man-month
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
All
less than
1 manmonths
129
99
4
6
9
2
3
6
1-3 man- 4-6 manmonths
months
N
less than
1 manmonths
1-3 man- 4-6 manmonths
months
1774
1315
67
54
211
37
19
71
7.27
7.53
5.97
11.11
4.27
5.41
15.79
8.45
13.7
14.07
13.43
7.41
14.22
8.11
0
16.9
mean(month)
S.D
19.09
18.23
16.99
14.18
23.34
33.00
35.21
16.69
23.09
22.56
19.78
17.21
25.15
27.92
34.92
21.78
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
7-12
manmonths
341
256
9
16
39
7
3
11
13-24 manmonths
7-12
manmonths
18.21
18.94
22.39
22.22
12.8
2.7
5.26
25.35
N
1774
1315
67
54
211
37
19
71
243
185
9
4
30
3
0
12
25-48
manmonths
234
163
9
7
34
9
2
10
49-72
manmonths
81
51
2
1
17
5
2
3
73-96
manmonths
26
16
0
0
5
3
1
1
97 manmonths or
more
73
53
2
1
10
2
3
2
Don't
Know
Missing
10
6
1
0
1
1
0
1
135
68
6
6
4
4
1
46
13-24 manmonths
25-48
manmonths
49-72
manmonths
73-96
manmonths
97 manmonths or
more
Total
19.22
19.47
13.43
29.63
18.48
18.92
15.79
15.49
18.26
18.48
25.37
12.96
18.96
13.51
21.05
11.27
13.19
12.4
13.43
12.96
16.11
24.32
10.53
14.08
4.57
3.88
2.99
1.85
8.06
13.51
10.53
4.23
1.47
1.22
0
0
2.37
8.11
5.26
1.41
4.11
4.03
2.99
1.85
4.74
5.41
15.79
2.82
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Median
p90
Interquartile
Range
Missing
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
18.50
36.50
18.50
5.00
60.50
36.50
36.50
36.50
60.50
75.00
97.00
37
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
31.5
51
51
16.5
145
74
7
6
5
5
1
47
323
249
15
12
27
1
1
18
111
324
243
17
7
40
5
4
8
Japan
Question 4-17 Funding sources (Incidence and % in shares). You can check all relevant boxes. (当該研究のための費用の資金源(重複回答あり））
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%yes
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
Mean Share
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
Mean Share weighted by
man-month
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
発明者所属企業の内
部資金
政府からの資金
発明者所属企業 クライアントまた 設備、材料、部 ベンチャーキャ
以外の企業から は顧客からの資 品、ソフトウェア等 ピトル、エンジェ
の資金
金
サプライヤー企業 ルなどからの投
資資金
All
Internal funds
Government funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
3,658
2,932
201
130
182
82
42
89
3,488
2,841
196
122
167
57
38
67
161
67
4
2
20
40
14
14
109
55
4
1
14
23
5
7
139
84
12
13
15
3
3
9
N
Internal funds
Government funds
Other
companies
3577
2871
199
127
180
81
42
77
97.51
98.96
98.49
96.06
92.78
70.37
90.48
87.01
4.50
2.33
2.01
1.57
11.11
49.38
33.33
18.18
N
Internal funds
3,562
2,865
198
127
176
79
42
75
その他
無回答
Venture capital
or angels
other
no
response
103
76
9
4
4
6
0
4
10
4
0
1
3
0
0
2
53
19
0
1
9
11
7
6
81
61
2
3
2
1
0
12
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
other
3.05
1.92
2.01
0.79
7.78
28.40
11.90
9.09
3.89
2.93
6.03
10.24
8.33
3.70
7.14
11.69
2.88
2.65
4.52
3.15
2.22
7.41
0.00
5.19
0.28
0.14
0.00
0.79
1.67
0.00
0.00
2.60
1.48
0.66
0.00
0.79
5.00
13.58
16.67
7.79
Government funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
other
no
response
93.73
96.37
94.31
92.76
85.64
44.11
69.76
77.73
1.87
0.86
0.86
1.18
2.89
26.08
17.38
7.87
1.32
0.85
0.83
0.59
2.66
15.06
2.26
3.33
1.33
0.85
3.18
4.41
3.92
0.76
2.38
3.6
0.56
0.49
0.81
0.2
0.51
3.48
0
0.73
0.06
0.02
0
0.08
0.68
0
0
0.33
1.12
0.55
0
0.79
3.69
10.51
8.21
6.4
96
67
3
3
6
3
0
14
N
Internal funds
Government funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
other
no
response
3,525
2,840
196
127
171
77
41
73
92.81
95.46
96.2
87.57
87.22
47.84
49.91
73.5
2.5
1.26
0.81
2.48
3.95
23.57
27.56
14.89
1.15
0.55
0.24
0.55
1.41
18.89
3.61
6.99
1.5
1.16
2.14
8.91
2.23
0.26
3.34
1.58
0.81
0.81
0.6
0.36
0.43
3.29
0
0.52
0.17
0.14
0
0.07
0.89
0
0
0.9
1.06
0.62
0
0.06
3.88
6.15
15.58
1.62
133
92
5
3
11
5
1
16
112
US
Question 4-17 Funding sources (Incidence and % in shares) You can check all relevant boxes. (当該研究のための費用の資金源(重複回答あり））
All
Internal
funds
Government
funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
other
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
1678
1284
68
49
173
25
16
63
103
49
7
4
13
23
5
2
92
61
5
3
15
1
4
3
45
33
0
0
12
0
0
0
55
5
0
1
43
3
0
3
32
15
0
2
8
6
0
1
10
4
0
1
3
1
1
0
140
72
4
6
4
3
1
50
%yes
N
Internal
funds
Government
funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
other
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
1779
1317
70
54
212
39
19
68
94.32
97.49
97.14
90.74
81.6
64.1
84.21
92.65
5.79
3.72
10
7.41
6.13
58.97
26.32
2.94
5.17
4.63
7.14
5.56
7.08
2.56
21.05
4.41
2.53
2.51
0
0
5.66
0
0
0
3.09
0.38
0
1.85
20.28
7.69
0
4.41
1.8
1.14
0
3.7
3.77
15.38
0
1.47
0.56
0.30
0.00
1.85
1.42
2.56
5.26
0
N
Internal
funds
Government
funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
Other
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
1779
1317
70
54
212
39
19
68
89.91
94.46
90.86
87.78
72.3
45.51
65.53
89.71
3.29
1.96
5.14
3.52
3.14
40.64
16.58
2.21
0.81
0.32
0
2.04
2.24
8.72
0
1.47
2.51
2.02
4
3.15
3.87
1.03
15.79
2.94
0.52
0.49
0
0
1.33
0
0
0
2.36
0.19
0
1.67
16.57
2.82
0
3.68
0.35
0.24
0
1.85
0.57
1.28
2.11
0
A10 Funding sources (% mean)
weight by A9 man-month
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
Internal
funds
Government
funds
Other
companies
Customers or
product users
Suppliers
Venture capital
or angels
Other
1753
1297
67
54
211
37
19
68
86.19
93.85
90.81
88.52
64.92
30.14
67.88
83.27
5.51
2.87
4.66
5.89
4.79
54.48
13.2
7.32
1.35
0.46
0
0.78
4.67
8.8
0
0.17
2.87
1.8
4.53
3.64
6.1
0.61
16.74
3.19
0.52
0.54
0
0
0.94
0
0
0
3.29
0.26
0
1.12
18.15
5.97
0
6.05
0.25
0.2
0
0.07
0.42
0
2.18
0
A10. Funding source
A10 Funding sources (% mean)
113
Japan
Question 4-18 Did the availability of funds constrain the research leading to the invention? You can check all relevant boxes. (リスク資金の利用可能性が制約となった
か(重複回答あり））
リスク資金不足のため リスク資金不足のため リスク資金が制約にならな リスク資金は研究開発に
に望んでいた研究の範 に研究開始・完了が実 かったが、事業化への投資 も事業化への投資にも制
約にならなかった
が制約された
質的に遅れた
囲を実質的に縮小した
その他
無回答
All
The scope of the
research was
significantly narrowed
Either the startup or
the completion of the
research was
significantly delayed
Research was not
constrained but the
follow-up investment for
its commercialization was
constrained
Not constrained either
in its research or in the
follow-up investment
for commercialization
Other
no response
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3,658
2,932
201
130
182
82
42
89
263
189
9
9
26
11
7
12
196
135
11
4
29
6
3
8
855
693
45
23
45
16
10
23
2,203
1,808
129
86
89
36
16
39
92
56
7
6
5
9
6
3
130
96
4
4
7
5
1
13
%
N
The scope of the
research was
significantly narrowed
Either the startup or
the completion of the
research was
significantly delayed
Research was not
constrained but the
follow-up investment for
its commercialization was
constrained
Not constrained either
in its research or in the
follow-up investment
for commercialization
Other
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3528
2836
197
126
175
77
41
76
7.45
6.66
4.57
7.14
14.86
14.29
17.07
15.79
5.56
4.76
5.58
3.17
16.57
7.79
7.32
10.53
24.23
24.44
22.84
18.25
25.71
20.78
24.39
30.26
62.44
63.75
65.48
68.25
50.86
46.75
39.02
51.32
2.61
1.97
3.55
4.76
2.86
11.69
14.63
3.95
114
This page is intentionally left blank.
115
Japan
(1/4)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very
important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Satisfaction from the contribution to the progress of science and technology (科学技術の進歩への貢献による
満足度)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3567
2881
196
123
170
80
40
77
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
ない
い
ない
1
2
3
4
5
194
297
881
1526
669
155
245
716
1271
494
10
21
66
71
28
7
12
41
46
17
13
14
38
65
40
1
0
3
28
48
1
2
0
14
23
7
3
17
31
19
1
5.44
5.38
5.1
5.69
7.65
1.25
2.5
9.09
2
8.33
8.5
10.71
9.76
8.24
0
5
3.9
3
24.7
24.85
33.67
33.33
22.35
3.75
0
22.08
4
42.78
44.12
36.22
37.4
38.24
35
35
40.26
無回答
no response
91
51
5
7
12
2
2
12
5
18.76
17.15
14.29
13.82
23.53
60
57.5
24.68
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Satisfaction from solving technical problems (チャレンジングな技術課題を解決すること自体への興味)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3599
2902
199
129
172
78
40
79
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
ない
い
ない
要である
1
2
3
4
5
50
61
231
1749
1508
40
52
176
1402
1232
1
5
15
106
72
0
1
17
62
49
5
2
11
94
60
0
0
7
34
37
1
0
1
10
28
3
1
4
41
30
1
1.39
1.38
0.5
0
2.91
0
2.5
3.8
2
1.69
1.79
2.51
0.78
1.16
0
0
1.27
116
3
6.42
6.06
7.54
13.18
6.4
8.97
2.5
5.06
4
48.6
48.31
53.27
48.06
54.65
43.59
25
51.9
5
41.9
42.45
36.18
37.98
34.88
47.44
70
37.97
無回答
no response
59
30
2
1
10
4
2
10
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(1/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Satisfaction from the contribution to the progress of science and technology (科学技術の進歩への貢献に
よる満足度)
all
C.5_B Satisfaction from
contributing to the progress of
science and technology
All
1919
1389
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
110
81
6
3
16
0
2
2
179
140
9
5
17
1
0
7
390
304
12
11
42
2
6
13
517
392
16
20
59
9
7
14
598
423
31
19
69
27
4
25
125
49
0
2
13
3
1
57
1115
815
47
39
128
36
11
39
%
N
All
1794
Large firm ( >=501)
1340
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
203
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
61
1
6.13
6.04
8.11
5.17
7.88
0
10.53
3.28
2
9.98
10.45
12.16
8.62
8.37
2.56
0
11.48
3
21.74
22.69
16.22
18.97
20.69
5.13
31.58
21.31
4
28.82
29.25
21.62
34.48
29.06
23.08
36.84
22.95
5
33.33
31.57
41.89
32.76
33.99
69.23
21.05
40.98
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
62.15
60.82
63.51
67.24
63.05
92.31
57.89
63.93
Satisfaction from solving technical problems (チャレンジングな技術課題を解決すること自体への興味)
C.5_A Satisfaction from solving
technical problems
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
all
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
1,919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
25
16
3
1
4
0
1
0
44
29
3
2
7
1
0
2
180
131
4
8
25
3
5
4
577
435
21
14
69
9
6
23
983
737
43
33
101
26
8
35
110
41
0
2
10
3
0
54
1560
1172
64
47
170
35
14
58
1
1.38
1.19
4.05
1.72
1.94
0
5
0
2
2.43
2.15
4.05
3.45
3.4
2.56
0
3.13
3
9.95
9.72
5.41
13.79
12.14
7.69
25
6.25
4
31.9
32.27
28.38
24.14
33.5
23.08
30
35.94
5
54.34
54.67
58.11
56.9
49.03
66.67
40
54.69
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
86.24
86.94
86.49
81.04
82.53
89.75
70
90.63
%
N
All
1809
Large firm ( >=501)
1348
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
206
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
64
117
Japan
(2/4)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very
important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Improvement of the performance of the organization I work for (所属組織のパフォーマンス向上)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3555
2886
195
122
165
74
38
75
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
ない
い
ない
1
2
3
4
5
173
227
865
1817
473
125
172
690
1498
401
6
9
43
113
24
3
9
33
64
13
18
17
47
65
18
10
9
24
27
4
4
5
10
14
5
7
6
18
36
8
1
4.87
4.33
3.08
2.46
10.91
13.51
10.53
9.33
2
6.39
5.96
4.62
7.38
10.3
12.16
13.16
8
3
24.33
23.91
22.05
27.05
28.48
32.43
26.32
24
4
51.11
51.91
57.95
52.46
39.39
36.49
36.84
48
無回答
no response
103
46
6
8
17
8
4
14
5
13.31
13.89
12.31
10.66
10.91
5.41
13.16
10.67
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Career advances and opportunities for new/better jobs (キャリア向上、より良い仕事に就く機会拡大)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3542
2876
197
122
164
74
38
71
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
ない
い
ない
1
2
3
4
5
499
710
1306
867
160
379
580
1084
707
126
25
44
63
53
12
21
23
44
30
4
30
34
57
37
6
26
10
26
10
2
7
9
10
9
3
11
10
22
21
7
1
14.09
13.18
12.69
17.21
18.29
35.14
18.42
15.49
2
20.05
20.17
22.34
18.85
20.73
13.51
23.68
14.08
118
3
36.87
37.69
31.98
36.07
34.76
35.14
26.32
30.99
4
24.48
24.58
26.9
24.59
22.56
13.51
23.68
29.58
5
4.52
4.38
6.09
3.28
3.66
2.7
7.89
9.86
無回答
no response
116
56
4
8
18
8
4
18
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(2/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1
= not important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Generating value for my firm/improving my firm's performance
1
2
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
63
29
1
3
11
12
5
2
69
52
3
0
4
8
2
0
%
N
All
1807
Large firm ( >=501)
1349
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
206
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
63
1
3.49
2.15
1.35
5.17
5.34
30.8
27.8
3.17
2
3.82
3.85
4.05
0
1.94
20.5
11.1
0
C.5_D Generating value for my
firm/improving my firm's performance
all
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
263 633
201 496
7
32
10 19
24 56
7
11
3
4
11 15
779
571
31
26
111
1
4
35
112
40
0
2
10
3
2
55
1412
1067
63
45
167
12
8
50
3
14.6
14.9
9.46
17.2
11.7
18
16.7
17.5
5
43.1
42.3
41.9
44.8
53.9
2.56
22.2
55.6
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
78.14
79.1
85.13
77.59
81.06
30.77
44.44
79.37
4
35
36.8
43.2
32.8
27.2
28.2
22.2
23.8
Career advances and opportunities for new/better jobs (キャリア向上、より良い仕事に就く機会拡大)
5
Missing
%4 or 5
All
1,919 327 361 506 398
Large firm ( >=501)
1389 193 260 406 320
Medium SMEs
74
13 14 20 16
Small firms (100-250)
60
17 11 12 13
Very small firm (< 100)
216
74 46 38 28
University
42
13 10
7
8
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
8
5
2
3
Missing
118
9
15 21 10
196
160
10
4
15
1
0
6
131
50
1
3
15
3
2
57
594
480
26
17
43
9
3
16
%
N
All
1788
Large firm ( >=501)
1339
Medium SMEs
73
Small firms (100-250)
57
Very small firm (< 100)
201
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
61
5
11
12
13.7
7.02
7.46
2.56
0
9.84
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
33.22
35.85
35.62
29.83
21.39
23.07
16.67
26.23
C.5_E Career advances and
opportunities for new/better jobs
all
1
1
18.3
14.4
17.8
29.8
36.8
33.3
44.4
14.8
2
2
20.2
19.4
19.2
19.3
22.9
25.6
27.8
24.6
3
3
28.3
30.3
27.4
21.1
18.9
18
11.1
34.4
119
4
4
22.3
23.9
21.9
22.8
13.9
20.5
16.7
16.4
Japan
(3/4)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very
important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Prestige/reputation (名声・評判)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3537
2874
192
122
163
74
38
74
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
1
2
3
4
649
831
1366
600
527
696
1103
479
35
53
77
22
26
27
51
14
28
30
73
27
15
7
28
21
3
7
10
17
15
11
24
20
1
18.35
18.34
18.23
21.31
17.18
20.27
7.89
20.27
2
23.49
24.22
27.6
22.13
18.4
9.46
18.42
14.86
3
38.62
38.38
40.1
41.8
44.79
37.84
26.32
32.43
4
16.96
16.67
11.46
11.48
16.56
28.38
44.74
27.03
非常に重
要である
5
91
69
5
4
5
3
1
4
無回答
no response
121
58
9
8
19
8
4
15
5
2.57
2.4
2.6
3.28
3.07
4.05
2.63
5.41
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Benefits in terms of working condition as a reward by the employer such as research budget available (研究予
算の拡大など研究条件での便益)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3540
2871
193
122
165
77
38
74
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
1
2
3
4
661
750
1369
679
538
631
1109
535
38
42
75
35
30
25
50
15
36
31
74
21
7
6
21
34
2
6
8
19
10
9
32
20
1
18.67
18.74
19.69
24.59
21.82
9.09
5.26
13.51
2
21.19
21.98
21.76
20.49
18.79
7.79
15.79
12.16
120
3
38.67
38.63
38.86
40.98
44.85
27.27
21.05
43.24
4
19.18
18.63
18.13
12.3
12.73
44.16
50
27.03
非常に重
要である
5
81
58
3
2
3
9
3
3
無回答
no response
118
61
8
8
17
5
4
15
5
2.29
2.02
1.55
1.64
1.82
11.69
7.89
4.05
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(3/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1
= not important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要
度）
Prestige/reputation (名声・評判)
C.5_F Prestige / reputation
all
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
266 341 534 430
170 265 403 333
13
9
21 20
9
10 14 13
58 37 49 43
3
9
12 10
4
3
8
1
9
8
27 10
227
172
11
12
17
5
2
8
121
46
0
2
12
3
2
56
657
505
31
25
60
15
3
18
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc.
Other
Missing
1
14.8
12.7
17.6
15.5
28.4
7.69
22.2
14.5
5
12.6
12.8
14.9
20.7
8.33
12.8
11.1
12.9
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
36.55
37.61
41.89
43.1
29.41
38.46
16.67
29.03
N
1798
1343
74
58
204
39
18
62
2
19
19.7
12.2
17.2
18.1
23.1
16.7
12.9
3
29.7
30
28.4
24.1
24
30.8
44.4
43.6
4
23.9
24.8
27
22.4
21.1
25.6
5.56
16.1
Benefits in terms of working condition as a reward by the employer such as research budget
available (研究予算の拡大など研究条件での便益)
C.5_I Beneficial working conditions
from my company (e.g., increased
research budget)
all
1
2
3
4
All
1,919 647 415 418 214
Large firm ( >=501)
1389 447 317 337 171
Medium SMEs
74
26 19 15
8
Small firms (100-250)
60
21 10 13 10
Very small firm (< 100)
216 102 39 30 16
University
42
17 10
6
4
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
9
4
5
0
Missing
118
25 16 12
5
%
N
All
1780
Large firm ( >=501)
1332
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
198
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
61
1
36.4
33.6
35.1
36.2
51.5
43.6
50
41
2
23.3
23.8
25.7
17.2
19.7
25.6
22.2
26.2
3
23.5
25.3
20.3
22.4
15.2
15.4
27.8
19.7
121
4
12
12.8
10.8
17.2
8.08
10.3
0
8.2
5
Missing
%4 or 5
86
60
6
4
11
2
0
3
139
57
0
2
18
3
2
57
300
231
14
14
27
6
0
8
5
4.83
4.5
8.11
6.9
5.56
5.13
0
4.92
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
16.85
17.34
18.92
24.14
13.64
15.39
0
13.12
Japan
(4/4)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very
important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Monetary rewards (金銭的報酬)
All
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
ない
い
ない
1
2
3
4
5
557
773
1390
706
117
421
631
1138
591
96
41
43
83
21
4
30
26
48
17
2
30
31
59
39
5
19
18
23
13
1
8
6
16
8
2
8
18
23
17
7
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3543
2877
192
123
164
74
40
73
1
15.72
14.63
21.35
24.39
18.29
25.68
20
10.96
2
21.82
21.93
22.4
21.14
18.9
24.32
15
24.66
All
無回答
All
非常に重
要である
5
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
3655
2931
201
130
182
81
42
88
N
3
1
1
1
5
100
100
100
100
Total
100
100
100
100
others
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
university
unknown
no
response
122
3
39.23
39.56
43.23
39.02
35.98
31.08
40
31.51
4
19.93
20.54
10.94
13.82
23.78
17.57
20
23.29
5
3.3
3.34
2.08
1.63
3.05
1.35
5
9.59
無回答
no response
115
55
9
7
18
8
2
16
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(4/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1
= not important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要
度）
Monetary rewards (金銭的報酬)
all
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
C.5_J Monetary rewards
All
1919
1389
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
569 430 408 239
422 356 316 157
31 18 13
7
22 10
8
8
60 25 41 42
11
4
12 12
4
3
4
5
19 14 14
8
150
90
4
10
36
0
2
8
123
48
1
2
12
3
2
55
389
247
11
18
78
12
7
16
%
all
All
1796
Large firm ( >=501)
1341
Medium SMEs
73
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
204
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
63
1
31.7
31.5
42.5
37.9
29.4
28.2
22.2
30.2
5
8.35
6.71
5.48
17.2
17.7
0
11.1
12.7
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
21.66
18.42
15.07
31.03
38.24
30.77
38.89
25.4
2
23.9
26.6
24.7
17.2
12.3
10.3
16.7
22.2
3
22.7
23.6
17.8
13.8
20.1
30.8
22.2
22.2
123
4
13.3
11.7
9.59
13.8
20.6
30.8
27.8
12.7
This page is intentionally left blank.
124
US
(5/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1
= not important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
Recognition from co-workers
5
Missing
%4 or 5
All
1,919 365 378 559 356
Large firm ( >=501)
1389 220 294 431 285
Medium SMEs
74
19 12 21 16
Small firms (100-250)
60
16
7
17 15
Very small firm (< 100)
216
83 37 49 26
University
42
8
9
12
8
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
6
7
5
0
Missing
118
13 12 24
6
140
114
6
3
9
2
0
6
121
45
0
2
12
3
2
57
496
399
22
18
35
10
0
12
%
N
All
1798
Large firm ( >=501)
1344
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
204
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
61
5
7.79
8.48
8.11
5.17
4.41
5.13
0
9.84
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
27.59
29.69
29.73
31.03
17.16
25.64
0
19.68
5
Missing
%4 or 5
C.5_G Recognition from co-workers
all
1
1
20.3
16.4
25.7
27.6
40.7
20.5
33.3
21.3
2
2
21
21.9
16.2
12.1
18.1
23.1
38.9
19.7
3
3
31.1
32.1
28.4
29.3
24
30.8
27.8
39.3
4
4
19.8
21.2
21.6
25.9
12.8
20.5
0
9.84
Recognition from others in the same profession (outside the firm)
C.5_H Recognition from others in the
same profession (outside the firm)
all
1
2
3
4
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
475 410 449 320
342 321 349 227
16 19 18 13
21
8
10 15
72 38 37 44
4
8
8
12
5
3
6
2
15 13 21
7
134
98
8
4
12
6
1
5
131
52
0
2
13
4
3
57
454
325
21
19
56
18
3
12
%
all
All
1788
Large firm ( >=501)
1337
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
203
University
38
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 17
Missing
61
1
26.6
25.6
21.6
36.2
35.5
10.5
29.4
24.6
5
7.49
7.33
10.8
6.9
5.91
15.8
5.88
8.2
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
25.39
24.31
28.38
32.76
27.58
47.37
17.64
19.68
2
22.9
24
25.7
13.8
18.7
21.1
17.7
21.3
3
25.1
26.1
24.3
17.2
18.2
21.1
35.3
34.4
125
4
17.9
17
17.6
25.9
21.7
31.6
11.8
11.5
This page is intentionally left blank.
126
US
(6/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
For societal good
C5_K For societal good
all
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
%
N
All
1789
Large firm ( >=501)
1333
Medium SMEs
73
Small firms (100-250)
58
Very small firm (< 100)
204
University
39
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
63
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
514
407
18
16
48
1
3
21
376
302
20
8
32
5
1
8
405
314
17
11
37
8
3
15
284
187
10
12
49
12
4
10
210
123
8
11
38
13
8
9
130
56
1
2
12
3
1
55
494
310
18
23
87
25
12
19
1
2
3
4
5
Total
%4 or 5
28.73
30.53
24.66
27.59
23.53
2.56
15.79
33.33
21.02
22.66
27.4
13.79
15.69
12.82
5.26
12.7
22.64
23.56
23.29
18.97
18.14
20.51
15.79
23.81
15.87
14.03
13.7
20.69
24.02
30.77
21.05
15.87
11.74
9.23
10.96
18.97
18.63
33.33
42.11
14.29
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
27.61
23.26
24.66
39.66
42.65
64.1
63.16
30.16
127
Japan
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発明への動機の重要度）
4 or 5
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
Satisfaction from
the contribution to
the progress of
science and
technology
Satisfaction from solving
technical problems
Improvement of the
performance of the
organization I work
for
Career advances
and opportunities
for new/better
jobs
Prestige/reputation
Benefits in terms of
working condition as a
reward by the employer
such as research budget
available
Monetary
rewards
61.54
61.26
50.51
51.22
61.76
95.00
92.50
64.94
90.50
90.76
89.45
86.05
89.53
91.03
95.00
89.87
64.42
65.80
70.26
63.11
50.30
41.89
50.00
58.67
28.99
28.96
32.99
27.87
26.22
16.22
31.58
39.44
19.54
19.07
14.06
14.75
19.63
32.43
47.37
32.43
21.47
20.65
19.69
13.93
14.55
55.84
57.89
31.08
23.23
23.88
13.02
15.45
26.83
18.92
25.00
32.88
128
US
(7/7)
Question 5-1 How important were the following motivations for your invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important) （当該特許につながる発
明への動機の重要度）
4 or 5
C5 (4 or 5) %
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
B
Satidfaction
from
contributing
to the
progress of
science and
technology
A
Satisfaction
from solving
technical
problems
D Generating
value for my
firm/improving
my firm's
performance
62.15
60.82
63.51
67.24
63.05
92.31
57.89
63.93
86.24
86.94
86.49
81.04
82.53
89.75
70
90.63
78.14
79.1
85.13
77.59
81.06
30.77
44.44
79.37
33.22
35.85
35.62
29.83
21.39
23.07
16.67
26.23
C It's my job
to invent
G
Recognition
from coworkers
H Recognition
from others in
the same
profession
(outside the
firm)
K For societal
good
48.13
50.33
41.89
41.38
42.65
17.95
26.32
57.81
27.59
29.69
29.73
31.03
17.16
25.64
0
19.68
25.39
24.31
28.38
32.76
27.58
47.37
17.64
19.68
27.61
23.26
24.66
39.66
42.65
64.1
63.16
30.16
129
E Career
F Prestige
I Beneficial
J Monetary
advances and / reputation
working
rewards
opportunities for
conditions from
new/better jobs
my company
(e.g., increased
research
budget)
36.55
37.61
41.89
43.1
29.41
38.46
16.67
29.03
16.85
17.34
18.92
24.14
13.64
15.39
0
13.12
21.66
18.42
15.07
31.03
38.24
30.77
38.89
25.4
Japan
Question 6-1 Economic value of the patent（当該発明の経済的価値は同時期の技術開発成果全体に
おける地位）
Economic value in Japan (当該発明の経済的価値（国内）)
All
All
最上位10% 上位25%
Top 10%
Top25%,
but not
top 10%
中位
Top half,
but not
top 25%
下位50%
Bottom
half
不明
Don't
know
無回答
no
response
73
52
0
1
6
1
1
12
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
288
209
13
13
30
6
9
8
671
532
27
22
38
25
8
19
1045
847
65
32
49
21
6
25
675
578
34
23
13
12
4
11
906
714
62
39
46
17
14
14
%
N
Top 10%
Top25%,
but not
top 10%
Top half,
but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
2679
2166
139
90
130
64
27
63
10.75
9.65
9.35
14.44
23.08
9.38
33.33
12.7
25.05
24.56
19.42
24.44
29.23
39.06
29.63
30.16
39.01
39.1
46.76
35.56
37.69
32.81
22.22
39.68
25.2
26.69
24.46
25.56
10
18.75
14.81
17.46
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
中位
Top half,
but not
top 25%
下位50%
Bottom
half
不明
Don't
know
無回答
no
response
95
66
0
7
8
1
0
13
Economic value in the world (当該発明の経済的価値（世界）)
All
All
最上位10% 上位25%
Top 10%
Top25%,
but not
top 10%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
223
157
11
10
23
5
8
9
617
496
18
15
40
24
8
16
961
769
64
26
45
24
8
25
659
570
32
23
13
9
2
10
1103
874
76
49
53
19
16
16
%
N
Top 10%
Top25%,
but not
top 10%
Top half,
but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
2460
1992
125
74
121
62
26
60
9.07
7.88
8.8
13.51
19.01
8.06
30.77
15
25.08
24.9
14.4
20.27
33.06
38.71
30.77
26.67
39.07
38.6
51.2
35.14
37.19
38.71
30.77
41.67
26.79
28.61
25.6
31.08
10.74
14.52
7.69
16.67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
130
US
(1/2)
Question 6-1 Economic value of the patent（当該発明の経済的価値は同時期の技術開発成果全体における地位）
Economic value in the US
B.2
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Don't
know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
183
115
3
5
38
8
6
8
256
193
11
8
30
5
1
8
383
272
18
17
59
6
3
8
643
519
20
15
50
8
4
27
309
224
17
9
33
10
5
11
145
66
5
6
6
5
1
56
N
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Total
1465
1099
52
45
177
27
14
51
12.49
10.46
5.77
11.11
21.47
29.63
42.86
15.69
17.47
17.56
21.15
17.78
16.95
18.52
7.14
15.69
26.14
24.75
34.62
37.78
33.33
22.22
21.43
15.69
43.89
47.22
38.46
33.33
28.25
29.63
28.57
52.94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
all
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Don't
know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
159
98
4
5
31
9
6
6
220
167
12
5
24
5
1
6
335
243
14
17
45
6
2
8
621
497
20
12
53
7
4
28
389
283
18
13
49
11
4
11
195
101
6
8
14
4
3
59
N
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Total
1335
1005
50
39
153
27
13
48
11.91
9.75
8
12.82
20.26
33.33
46.15
12.5
16.49
16.62
24
12.82
15.69
18.52
7.69
12.5
25.09
24.18
28
43.59
29.41
22.22
15.38
16.67
46.52
49.45
40
30.77
34.64
25.93
30.77
58.33
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Economic value - in the World Wide
B.2
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
131
This page is intentionally left blank.
132
US
(2/2)
Question 6-1 Economic value of the patent（当該発明の経済的価値は同時期の技術開発成果全体における地位）
Technical significance in the US
B.1
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Don't
know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
218
128
5
10
47
13
5
10
296
210
15
8
43
10
2
8
387
320
12
7
30
2
4
12
489
401
15
17
36
3
1
16
340
235
22
10
45
10
5
13
189
95
5
8
15
4
3
59
N
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Total
1390
1059
47
42
156
28
12
46
15.68
12.09
10.64
23.81
30.13
46.43
41.67
21.74
21.29
19.83
31.91
19.05
27.56
35.71
16.67
17.39
27.84
30.22
25.53
16.67
19.23
7.14
33.33
26.09
35.18
37.87
31.91
40.48
23.08
10.71
8.33
34.78
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
all
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Don't
know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
183
115
3
5
38
8
6
8
256
193
11
8
30
5
1
8
383
272
18
17
59
6
3
8
643
519
20
15
50
8
4
27
309
224
17
9
33
10
5
11
145
66
5
6
6
5
1
56
N
Top 10%
Top25%, but not top
10%
Top half, but not
top 25%
Bottom
half
Total
1465
1099
52
45
177
27
14
51
12.49
10.46
5.77
11.11
21.47
29.63
42.86
15.69
17.47
17.56
21.15
17.78
16.95
18.52
7.14
15.69
26.14
24.75
34.62
37.78
33.33
22.22
21.43
15.69
43.89
47.22
38.46
33.33
28.25
29.63
28.57
52.94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Technical significance - in the World Wide
B.1
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
133
(1/6)
Japan
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (
important, 5 = very important )?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
1 = not
Commercial exploitation (自社製品・自社製造工程での排他的な利用)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
46
31
0
1
4
4
5
1
N
2863
2309
162
104
143
59
32
54
1
1.61
1.34
0
0.96
2.8
6.78
15.63
1.85
All
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
153
114
11
9
12
3
2
2
N
2828
2281
157
100
140
63
33
54
1
5.41
5
7.01
9
8.57
4.76
6.06
3.7
重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
い
ない
2
3
4
5
97
252
1209
1259
77
193
951
1057
4
9
88
61
5
9
48
41
2
16
59
62
4
11
23
17
3
8
8
8
2
6
32
13
2
3.39
3.33
2.47
4.81
1.4
6.78
9.38
3.7
3
8.8
8.36
5.56
8.65
11.19
18.64
25
11.11
4
42.23
41.19
54.32
46.15
41.26
38.98
25
59.26
5
43.97
45.78
37.65
39.42
43.36
28.81
25
24.07
無回答
no response
795
623
39
26
39
23
10
35
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Licensing (ライセシング)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
い
ない
2
3
4
5
377
722
1114
462
304
564
930
369
31
53
47
15
20
34
29
8
13
40
41
34
5
10
32
13
0
5
14
12
4
16
21
11
2
13.33
13.33
19.75
20
9.29
7.94
0
7.41
134
3
25.53
24.73
33.76
34
28.57
15.87
15.15
29.63
4
39.39
40.77
29.94
29
29.29
50.79
42.42
38.89
5
16.34
16.18
9.55
8
24.29
20.63
36.36
20.37
無回答
no response
830
651
44
30
42
19
9
35
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(1/5)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 =
not important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Commercial exploitation (自社製品・自社製造工程での排他的な利用)
all
B3_a Commercial exploitation
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
1
97
80
3
2
5
4
3
0
2
73
55
4
1
5
3
0
5
3
154
113
5
3
15
6
4
8
4
386
300
17
10
35
8
4
12
5
1067
777
41
38
149
17
8
37
Missing
142
64
4
6
7
4
1
56
%4 or 5
1453
1077
58
48
184
25
12
49
%
N
All
1777
Large firm ( >=501)
1325
Medium SMEs
70
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
209
University
38
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 19
Missing
62
1
5.46
6.04
4.29
3.7
2.39
10.53
15.79
0
2
4.11
4.15
5.71
1.85
2.39
7.89
0
8.06
3
8.67
8.53
7.14
5.56
7.18
15.79
21.05
12.9
4
21.72
22.64
24.29
18.52
16.75
21.05
21.05
19.35
5
60.05
58.64
58.57
70.37
71.29
44.74
42.11
59.68
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
81.77
81.28
82.86
88.89
88.04
65.79
63.16
79.03
all
B3_b Licensing
All
1919
1389
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
1
658
522
31
26
51
3
4
21
2
262
207
13
5
27
2
2
6
3
282
219
8
9
29
5
3
9
4
254
182
12
4
33
9
4
10
5
276
162
5
10
64
17
5
13
Missing
187
97
5
6
12
6
2
59
%4 or 5
530
344
17
14
97
26
9
23
%
N
All
1732
Large firm ( >=501)
1292
Medium SMEs
69
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
204
University
36
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
59
1
37.99
40.4
44.93
48.15
25
8.33
22.22
35.59
2
15.13
16.02
18.84
9.26
13.24
5.56
11.11
10.17
3
16.28
16.95
11.59
16.67
14.22
13.89
16.67
15.25
4
14.67
14.09
17.39
7.41
16.18
25
22.22
16.95
5
15.94
12.54
7.25
18.52
31.37
47.22
27.78
22.03
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
30.61
26.63
24.64
25.93
47.55
72.22
50
38.98
Licensing (ライセシング)
135
Japan
(2/6)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Cross-licensing (クロスライセシング)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
182
117
11
10
15
15
8
6
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
2813
2282
156
101
135
58
31
50
1
6.47
5.13
7.05
9.9
11.11
25.86
25.81
12
重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
要である
2
3
4
5
341
762
1140
388
245
582
982
356
40
59
40
6
25
36
23
7
16
53
41
10
4
10
25
4
5
9
6
3
6
13
23
2
2
12.12
10.74
25.64
24.75
11.85
6.9
16.13
12
3
27.09
25.5
37.82
35.64
39.26
17.24
29.03
26
4
40.53
43.03
25.64
22.77
30.37
43.1
19.35
46
5
13.79
15.6
3.85
6.93
7.41
6.9
9.68
4
無回答
no response
845
650
45
29
47
24
11
39
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Pure defense (純粋的な防衛)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
134
97
2
6
5
13
9
2
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
2829
2290
157
102
139
60
32
49
1
4.74
4.24
1.27
5.88
3.6
21.67
28.13
4.08
重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
要である
2
3
4
5
239
552
1338
566
189
440
1113
451
14
25
85
31
11
20
40
25
12
32
54
36
7
15
17
8
4
6
6
7
2
14
23
8
2
8.45
8.25
8.92
10.78
8.63
11.67
12.5
4.08
136
3
19.51
19.21
15.92
19.61
23.02
25
18.75
28.57
4
47.3
48.6
54.14
39.22
38.85
28.33
18.75
46.94
5
20.01
19.69
19.75
24.51
25.9
13.33
21.88
16.33
無回答
no response
829
642
44
28
43
22
10
40
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(2/5)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not
important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Cross-licensing (クロスライセシング)
all
1
2
3
4
B3_c Cross-licensing
All
1,919 762 256 284 233
1389 542 181 220 199
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
74
37 16
6
6
Small firms (100-250)
60
28
8
13
2
Very small firm (< 100)
216 100 33 30 13
University
42
23
5
3
3
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
7
2
2
4
Missing
118
25 11 10
6
5
187
148
3
3
23
2
2
6
Missing
197
99
6
6
17
6
3
60
%4 or 5
420
347
9
5
36
5
6
12
%
N
All
1722
Large firm ( >=501)
1290
Medium SMEs
68
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
199
University
36
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 17
Missing
52
4
13.5
15.4
8.82
3.7
6.53
8.33
23.5
10.3
5
10.9
11.5
4.41
5.56
11.6
5.56
11.8
10.3
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
24.39
26.9
13.23
9.26
18.09
13.89
35.29
20.68
all
B3_d Pure defense
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
1
2
3
4
398 211 358 389
271 157 282 301
22
9
7
22
13 10
7
11
54 25 44 32
19
2
4
7
7
4
3
0
12
4
11 16
5
384
291
9
13
45
6
4
16
Missing
179
87
5
6
16
4
2
59
%4 or 5
773
592
31
24
77
13
4
32
%
N
All
1740
Large firm ( >=501)
1302
Medium SMEs
69
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
200
University
38
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 18
Missing
59
1
22.9
20.8
31.9
24.1
27
50
38.9
20.3
5
22.1
22.4
13
24.1
22.5
15.8
22.2
27.1
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
44.43
45.47
44.92
44.44
38.5
34.21
22.22
54.24
1
44.3
42
54.4
51.9
50.3
63.9
41.2
43.1
2
14.9
14
23.5
14.8
16.6
13.9
11.8
19
3
16.5
17.1
8.82
24.1
15.1
8.33
11.8
17.2
Pure defense (純粋的な防衛)
2
12.1
12.1
13
18.5
12.5
5.26
22.2
6.78
3
20.6
21.7
10.1
13
22
10.5
16.7
18.6
137
4
22.4
23.1
31.9
20.4
16
18.4
0
27.1
Japan
(3/6)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Blocking patents (ブロッキング特許)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
121
87
1
4
5
12
11
1
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
2829
2288
158
104
139
59
32
49
1
4.28
3.8
0.63
3.85
3.6
20.34
34.38
2.04
重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
い
ない
る
2
3
4
202
508
1428
162
414
1165
11
21
94
5
18
48
5
24
73
8
11
21
6
5
5
5
15
22
2
7.14
7.08
6.96
4.81
3.6
13.56
18.75
10.2
3
17.96
18.09
13.29
17.31
17.27
18.64
15.63
30.61
4
50.48
50.92
59.49
46.15
52.52
35.59
15.63
44.9
非常に重
要である
5
570
460
31
29
32
7
5
6
無回答
no response
829
644
43
26
43
23
10
40
5
20.15
20.1
19.62
27.88
23.02
11.86
15.63
12.24
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
非常に重
要である
5
218
171
10
10
16
4
3
4
無回答
no response
853
659
45
29
47
24
9
40
5
7.77
7.52
6.41
9.9
11.85
6.9
9.09
8.16
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Prevention of inventing-around (迂回の防止)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
187
141
4
8
7
15
9
3
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
2805
2273
156
101
135
58
33
49
1
6.67
6.2
2.56
7.92
5.19
25.86
27.27
6.12
重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
い
ない
る
2
3
4
383
1017
1000
321
838
802
24
57
61
8
37
38
10
43
59
6
17
16
7
6
8
7
19
16
2
13.65
14.12
15.38
7.92
7.41
10.34
21.21
14.29
138
3
36.26
36.87
36.54
36.63
31.85
29.31
18.18
38.78
4
35.65
35.28
39.1
37.62
43.7
27.59
24.24
32.65
US
(3/5)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this
invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Blocking patents (ブロッキング特許)
all
1
2
3
4
B3_e Blocking patents
All
1,919 365 200 374 419
Large firm ( >=501)
1389 257 149 291 314
Medium SMEs
74
15
4
12 23
Small firms (100-250)
60
10
8
11 14
Very small firm (< 100)
216
46 27 43 39
University
42
18
1
5
10
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
6
5
1
0
Missing
118
13
6
11 19
5
376
288
15
11
45
3
5
9
Missing
185
90
5
6
16
5
3
60
%4 or 5
795
602
38
25
84
13
5
28
%
N
All
1734
Large firm ( >=501)
1299
Medium SMEs
69
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
200
University
37
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 17
Missing
58
1
21.1
19.8
21.7
18.5
23
48.7
35.3
22.4
2
11.5
11.5
5.8
14.8
13.5
2.7
29.4
10.3
3
21.6
22.4
17.4
20.4
21.5
13.5
5.88
19
4
24.2
24.2
33.3
25.9
19.5
27
0
32.8
5
21.7
22.2
21.7
20.4
22.5
8.11
29.4
15.5
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
45.84
46.34
55.07
46.3
42
35.14
29.41
48.28
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
818 282 258 214
585 216 209 172
32 11 10
8
29
7
6
3
109 34 18 20
26
2
5
2
10
2
2
1
27 10
8
8
148
105
8
8
19
2
2
4
199
102
5
7
16
5
3
61
362
277
16
11
39
4
3
12
1
47.6
45.5
46.4
54.7
54.5
70.3
58.8
47.4
5
8.6
8.16
11.6
15.1
9.5
5.41
11.8
7.02
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
21.04
21.52
23.18
20.75
19.5
10.82
17.64
21.06
Prevention of inventing-around (迂回の防止)
B3_f Preventing inventing-around
other key patents of your firm
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
all
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
%
N
All
1720
Large firm ( >=501)
1287
Medium SMEs
69
Small firms (100-250)
53
Very small firm (< 100)
200
University
37
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 17
Missing
57
1
2
16.4
16.8
15.9
13.2
17
5.41
11.8
17.5
3
15
16.2
14.5
11.3
9
13.5
11.8
14
139
4
12.4
13.4
11.6
5.66
10
5.41
5.88
14
Japan
(4/6)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not important, 5 =
very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Inventor's reputation (発明者の評判)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
全く重要で
ない
1
646
541
31
22
31
10
5
6
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
2812
2275
154
100
137
61
33
52
1
22.97
23.78
20.13
22
22.63
16.39
15.15
11.54
重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
要である
い
ない
2
3
4
5
780
1051
286
49
654
854
196
30
49
56
16
2
28
43
7
0
25
54
22
5
8
16
23
4
3
8
12
5
13
20
10
3
2
27.74
28.75
31.82
28
18.25
13.11
9.09
25
3
37.38
37.54
36.36
43
39.42
26.23
24.24
38.46
4
10.17
8.62
10.39
7
16.06
37.7
36.36
19.23
5
1.74
1.32
1.3
0
3.65
6.56
15.15
5.77
無回答
no response
846
657
47
30
45
21
9
37
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Corporation's reputation (Patenting enhances the technological reputation of the firm) (企業の評判)
All
全く重要で
ない
重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
い
ない
要である
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1
319
279
14
6
7
7
3
3
2
451
397
19
12
9
4
3
7
3
887
745
42
27
40
14
7
12
4
980
745
69
43
62
29
9
23
5
189
117
15
13
21
5
9
9
no response
832
649
42
29
43
23
11
35
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
2826
2283
159
101
139
59
31
54
1
11.29
12.22
8.81
5.94
5.04
11.86
9.68
5.56
2
15.96
17.39
11.95
11.88
6.47
6.78
9.68
12.96
3
31.39
32.63
26.42
26.73
28.78
23.73
22.58
22.22
4
34.68
32.63
43.4
42.57
44.6
49.15
29.03
42.59
5
6.69
5.12
9.43
12.87
15.11
8.47
29.03
16.67
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
140
無回答
US
(4/5)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 =
not important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
Inventor's reputation
all
B3_g Inventor's reputation
All
1,919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
911
671
36
29
129
11
9
26
295
230
14
6
24
5
3
13
261
205
10
11
20
6
1
8
169
124
5
5
16
8
3
8
95
66
4
3
10
7
0
5
188
93
5
6
17
5
4
58
264
190
9
8
26
15
3
13
%
N
All
1731
Large firm ( >=501)
1296
Medium SMEs
69
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
199
University
37
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 16
Missing
60
1
52.63
51.77
52.17
53.7
64.82
29.73
56.25
43.33
2
17.04
17.75
20.29
11.11
12.06
13.51
18.75
21.67
3
15.08
15.82
14.49
20.37
10.05
16.22
6.25
13.33
4
9.76
9.57
7.25
9.26
8.04
21.62
18.75
13.33
5
5.49
5.09
5.8
5.56
5.03
18.92
0
8.33
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
15.25
14.66
13.05
14.82
13.07
40.54
18.75
21.66
Firm's reputation
all
B3_h Firm's reputation
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
Small firms (100-250)
60
Very small firm (< 100)
216
University
42
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 20
Missing
118
1
2
3
4
5
Missing
%4 or 5
499
360
17
16
70
13
7
16
273
224
3
5
16
5
5
15
447
349
24
14
42
6
2
10
337
245
14
10
44
9
3
12
191
127
11
9
33
5
0
6
172
84
5
6
11
4
3
59
528
372
25
19
77
14
3
18
%
N
All
1747
Large firm ( >=501)
1305
Medium SMEs
69
Small firms (100-250)
54
Very small firm (< 100)
205
University
38
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe 17
Missing
59
1
28.56
27.59
24.64
29.63
34.15
34.21
41.18
27.12
2
15.63
17.16
4.35
9.26
7.8
13.16
29.41
25.42
3
25.59
26.74
34.78
25.93
20.49
15.79
11.76
16.95
4
19.29
18.77
20.29
18.52
21.46
23.68
17.65
20.34
5
10.93
9.73
15.94
16.67
16.1
13.16
0
10.17
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
%4 or 5
30.22
28.5
36.23
35.19
37.56
36.84
17.65
30.51
141
Japan
(5/6)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由とし
ての重要度）
others
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
N
2
1
1
どちらでもな 非常に重要
い
である
other
5
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
other
50
100
0
5
50
0
100
無回答
no response
3656
2931
201
130
182
81
42
89
Total
100
100
100
142
This page is intentionally left blank.
143
Japan
(6/6)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由とし
ての重要度）
4 or 5
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
Commercial
exploitation
Licensing
Cross-licensing
Pure defense
Blocking
patents
Prevention of
inventing-around
Inventors’
reputation
Corporations’ reputation
(Patenting enhances the
technological reputation of
the firm)
43.97
45.78
37.65
39.42
43.36
28.81
25.00
24.07
16.34
16.18
9.55
8.00
24.29
20.63
36.36
20.37
13.79
15.60
3.85
6.93
7.41
6.90
9.68
4.00
20.01
19.69
19.75
24.51
25.90
13.33
21.88
16.33
20.15
20.10
19.62
27.88
23.02
11.86
15.63
12.24
7.77
7.52
6.41
9.90
11.85
6.90
9.09
8.16
1.74
1.32
1.30
0.00
3.65
6.56
15.15
5.77
6.69
5.12
9.43
12.87
15.11
8.47
29.03
16.67
144
US
(5/5)
Question6-2 How important were the following reasons for patenting this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important)?(特許化の理由としての重要度）
4 or 5
B.3 %
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
A Commercial
B
exploitation of the Licensing
patented
(obtain
technology in
exclusive
your own
rights to
product/process license the
in an exclusive
invention in
manner( including
order to
its future
generate
possibility)
licensing
revenues)
81.77
81.28
82.86
88.89
88.04
65.79
63.16
79.03
30.61
26.63
24.64
25.93
47.55
72.22
50
38.98
C Crosslicensing
(improve your
bargaining
position in the
Trading of your
own patent
rights in
exchange for
other firms’
patent rights)
24.39
26.9
13.23
9.26
18.09
13.89
35.29
20.68
D Pure
E Blocking
defense (to
patents (avoid
ensure that
that others
the use of own commercialize
technology not
similar
be blocked by
inventions)
others)
44.43
45.47
44.92
44.44
38.5
34.21
22.22
54.24
145
45.84
46.34
55.07
46.3
42
35.14
29.41
48.28
F Prevention of
inventing-around
(avoid that others
invent around the
patent of the own
firm)
G Inventors’
reputation
H Firm's reputation
(Patenting enhances the
technological reputation of
the firm)
21.04
21.52
23.18
20.75
19.5
10.82
17.64
21.06
15.25
14.66
13.05
14.82
13.07
40.54
18.75
21.66
30.22
28.5
36.23
35.19
37.56
36.84
17.65
30.51
Japan
Question 6-3 Internal commercialization. Has the applicant/owner ever used this patent
for its product or for its production?（当該発明は出願者によって製品などに利用された
か）
未利用だが使用 無回答
可能性を検討中
Not yet, but still
no
investigating the response
possibilities
All
はい
いいえ
All
yes
No.
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1998
1584
119
82
129
27
14
43
1026
846
51
31
34
31
16
17
547
432
29
15
18
23
12
18
87
70
2
2
1
1
0
11
%
N
yes
no
Not yet, but still
investigating the
possibilities
Total
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
3571
2862
199
128
181
81
42
78
55.95
55.35
59.8
64.06
71.27
33.33
33.33
55.13
28.73
29.56
25.63
24.22
18.78
38.27
38.1
21.79
15.32
15.09
14.57
11.72
9.94
28.4
28.57
23.08
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
If Yes, did the inventions require co-development or co-production with another firm to
bring it to the market? (他社との共同開発や共同生産が必要であったか)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
All
All
1998
1584
119
82
129
27
14
43
はい
Yes
450
319
30
20
44
14
5
18
いいえ
No.
1525
1250
87
60
82
13
9
24
無回答
no response
23
15
2
2
3
0
0
1
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (250-500)
Small firm (100-250)
Very small firm (<100)
university
Other
unknown
N
1975
1569
117
80
126
27
14
42
yes
22.78
20.33
25.64
25
34.92
51.85
35.71
42.86
no
77.22
79.67
74.36
75
65.08
48.15
64.29
57.14
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
146
US
(1/2)
Question 6-3 Internal commercialization. Has the applicant/owner ever used this patent for its product or for its
production?（当該発明は出願者によって製品などに利用されたか）
all
yes
no
Not yet, but still
investigating the
possibilities
Don't
know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
866
610
37
38
125
20
5
31
359
284
19
9
19
1
8
19
491
360
15
11
62
20
6
17
135
118
1
1
8
0
1
6
68
17
2
1
2
1
0
45
all
yes
no
Not yet, but still
investigating the
possibilities
Total
1716
1254
71
58
206
41
19
67
50.47
48.64
52.11
65.52
60.68
48.78
26.32
46.27
20.92
22.65
26.76
15.52
9.22
2.44
42.11
28.36
28.61
28.71
21.13
18.97
30.1
48.78
31.58
25.37
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
B4 Commercialization
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
147
This page is intentionally left blank.
148
US
(2/2)
Refefence:While many innovations involve a combination of products, processes, and services, would you
characterize the commercial application of the focal patent as primarily involving a new product, process, or
service? (参考：当該特許の応用先は新製品、新生産過程あるいはサービスの中のどれか）
all
Product
Process
Service
Don't
know
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
948
635
40
40
128
23
5
77
678
476
29
31
101
17
2
22
177
124
10
7
20
5
2
9
14
12
0
0
2
0
0
0
6
3
0
0
2
0
1
0
73
20
1
2
3
1
0
46
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
869
612
39
38
123
22
4
31
Product
78.02
77.78
74.36
81.58
82.11
77.27
50
70.97
Process
20.37
20.26
25.64
18.42
16.26
22.73
50
29.03
Service
1.61
1.96
0
0
1.63
0
0
0
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
B5 While many innovations involve a
combination of products, processes,
and services, would you characterize
the commercial application of the focal
patent as primarily involving a new
product, process, or service?
149
Japan
Question 6-4. How long did it take from the application to the use of the invention? (出願から利用開
始までの時間）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
1年未満
All
less than
one year
1年以上、 2年以上、 3年以上、 4年以上、 5年以上、 6年以上、 7年以上、 8年以上、 9年以上、 10年以
2年未満 3年未満 4年未満 5年未満 6年未満 7年未満 8年未満 9年未満 10年未満 上、15年
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
9 years
1014years
1998
1584
119
82
129
27
14
43
605
504
35
28
29
2
1
6
605
481
40
27
34
5
3
15
261
207
18
9
17
6
1
3
175
127
6
4
21
7
3
7
63
52
1
3
4
2
1
0
54
40
6
2
3
3
0
0
15
13
0
0
1
0
0
1
18
13
0
0
3
1
1
0
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
N
less than
one year
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
1823
1457
106
73
116
26
12
33
33.19
34.59
33.02
38.36
25
7.69
8.33
18.18
33.19
33.01
37.74
36.99
29.31
19.23
25
45.45
14.32
14.21
16.98
12.33
14.66
23.08
8.33
9.09
9.6
8.72
5.66
5.48
18.1
26.92
25
21.21
3.46
3.57
0.94
4.11
3.45
7.69
8.33
0
2.96
2.75
5.66
2.74
2.59
11.54
0
0
0.82
0.89
0
0
0.86
0
0
3.03
0.99
0.89
0
0
2.59
3.85
8.33
0
0.33
0.34
0
0
0
0
0
3.03
150
15年以
上、20年
15-19
years
20年以上
無回答
20 years
or more
no
response
12
8
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
175
127
13
9
13
1
2
10
9 years
1014years
15-19
years
20 years
or more
Total
0.38
0.41
0
0
0
0
8.33
0
0.66
0.55
0
0
3.45
0
0
0
0.05
0
0
0
0
0
8.33
0
0.05
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
This page is intentionally left blank.
151
Japan
Question 6-5 how many domestic patents (including the other firms’ patents) are jointly used in the commercial
application of the invention? （当該特許の商業的利用において約何件の特許が利用されたか）
All
1 domestic patent
(your patent covers all
patented technologies
of the product/the
process)
2 to 5
6 to 10
11-50
51-100
101-500
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
1998
1584
119
82
129
27
14
43
434
301
37
28
46
9
2
11
865
671
62
44
50
9
7
22
284
256
10
3
9
4
1
1
248
216
7
2
16
3
2
2
58
53
1
1
1
0
0
2
27
26
0
0
1
0
0
0
%
N
1 domestic patent
(your patent covers all
patented technologies
of the product/the
process)
2 to 5
6 to 10
11-50
51-100
101-500
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
1925
1532
117
78
123
25
12
38
22.55
19.65
31.62
35.9
37.4
36
16.67
28.95
44.94
43.8
52.99
56.41
40.65
36
58.33
57.89
14.75
16.71
8.55
3.85
7.32
16
8.33
2.63
12.88
14.1
5.98
2.56
13.01
12
16.67
5.26
3.01
3.46
0.85
1.28
0.81
0
0
5.26
1.4
1.7
0
0
0.81
0
0
0
152
501-1000 more than
no
1001
response
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
501-1000 more than
1001
0.36
0.46
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.13
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
52
2
4
6
2
2
5
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
Question 6-5 How many domestic patents (including the other firms’ patents) are jointly used in the
commercial application of the invention? （当該特許の商業的利用において約何件の特許が利用された
か）
B.6 Roughly speaking, how many
domestic patents (including the other
firms’ patents) are jointly used, together
with your patent in the commercial
application of the invention?
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
1
domestic
patent
2 to 5
6 to 10
11-50
51-100
101500
5011000
more
than
1001
Don't
know
Missing
947
634
40
40
128
23
5
77
163
96
8
14
33
2
0
10
385
267
22
17
56
11
2
10
124
81
6
4
23
3
1
6
96
80
0
1
10
2
2
1
15
13
1
0
1
0
0
0
14
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
61
2
3
4
3
0
5
68
18
1
1
1
2
0
45
N
1
domestic
patent
2 to 5
6 to 10
11-50
51-100
101500
5011000
more
than
1001
Total
801
555
37
36
123
18
5
27
20.35
17.3
21.62
38.89
26.83
11.11
0
37.04
48.06
48.11
59.46
47.22
45.53
61.11
40
37.04
15.48
14.59
16.22
11.11
18.7
16.67
20
22.22
11.99
14.41
0
2.78
8.13
11.11
40
3.7
1.87
2.34
2.7
0
0.81
0
0
0
1.75
2.52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.37
0.54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.12
0.18
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
153
Japan
Question 6-6 Has this patent been licensed by (one of ) the patent-holder(s) ? （当該特許は、特許保有者
によってライセンスされたか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
yes
no
Not yet,
but willing
to license
no
response
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
796
593
42
39
54
27
16
25
2006
1645
118
77
92
27
12
35
684
555
34
11
34
24
12
14
172
139
7
3
2
4
2
15
N
yes
no
Not yet,
but willing
to license
Total
3486
2793
194
127
180
78
40
74
22.83
21.23
21.65
30.71
30
34.62
40
33.78
57.54
58.9
60.82
60.63
51.11
34.62
30
47.3
19.62
19.87
17.53
8.66
18.89
30.77
30
18.92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
154
US
(1/4)
Question 6-6 Has this patent been licensed by (one of ) the patent-holder(s) to an independent party? （当該特許は、特許
保有者によって第三者にライセンスされたか）
B9 licensing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
yes
no
No, but willing
to license
Don't
know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
194
105
5
7
47
20
3
7
1019
771
45
40
104
9
11
39
259
174
10
5
44
9
4
13
382
324
13
7
20
3
2
13
65
15
1
1
1
1
0
46
N
yes
no
No, but willing
to license
Total
1472
1050
60
52
195
38
18
59
13.18
10
8.33
13.46
24.1
52.63
16.67
11.86
69.23
73.43
75
76.92
53.33
23.68
61.11
66.1
17.6
16.57
16.67
9.62
22.56
23.68
22.22
22.03
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
155
Japan
Question 6-6(2) If Yes, does it include cross-license? (それはクロスライセンスを含むか )
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
yes
no
Don't know
No
response
796
593
42
39
54
27
16
25
150
121
5
7
9
5
1
2
417
303
21
24
33
11
10
15
215
160
15
7
11
11
5
6
14
9
1
1
1
0
0
2
N
yes
no
Total
567
424
26
31
42
16
11
17
26.46
28.54
19.23
22.58
21.43
31.25
9.09
11.76
73.54
71.46
80.77
77.42
78.57
68.75
90.91
88.24
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
non conditional cross license (クロスライセンスされた特許の割合)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
yes
no
unknown
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
150
121
5
7
9
5
1
2
3107
2503
173
112
159
62
34
64
401
308
23
11
14
15
7
23
N
yes
no
Total
3257
2624
178
119
168
67
35
66
4.61
4.61
2.81
5.88
5.36
7.46
2.86
3.03
95.39
95.39
97.19
94.12
94.64
92.54
97.14
96.97
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
156
US
(2/4)
Question 6-6(2) If Yes, does it include cross-license? (それはクロスライセンスを含むか )
B10 Cross licensing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
277
131
6
9
52
22
XX
XX
yes
42
27
1
1
7
3
XX
XX
no
143
70
4
4
40
17
XX
XX
Don't know
28
19
0
3
4
1
XX
XX
N
yes
no
Total
185
97
5
5
47
20
XX
XX
22.7
27.84
20
20
14.89
15
XX
XX
77.3
72.16
80
80
85.11
85
XX
XX
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
all
yes
no
Missing (including
Don't Know on License
or Cross-license)
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
XX
XX
42
27
1
1
7
3
XX
XX
1433
1024
59
51
188
36
XX
XX
444
338
14
8
21
3
XX
XX
N
yes
no
Total
1475
1051
60
52
195
39
XX
XX
2.85
2.57
1.67
1.92
3.59
7.69
XX
XX
97.15
97.43
98.33
98.08
96.41
92.31
XX
XX
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
Unconditional
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
157
Missing
64
15
1
1
1
1
XX
XX
Japan
Question 6-6(3) How many licensees have got the license? (また、それは複数の企業にライセンスされたか)
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
only one
796
593
42
39
54
27
16
25
338
241
20
18
27
14
7
11
N
only one
481
339
24
27
42
19
13
17
70.27
71.09
83.33
66.67
64.29
73.68
53.85
64.71
2-4 firms 5-10 firms
107
73
2
9
11
4
5
3
16
11
2
0
1
1
0
1
2-4 firms 5-10 firms
22.25
21.53
8.33
33.33
26.19
21.05
38.46
17.65
158
3.33
3.24
8.33
0
2.38
5.26
0
5.88
10 or
don't know
no
more firms
response
20
14
0
0
3
0
1
2
248
199
15
10
9
7
3
5
10 or
more firms
Total
4.16
4.13
0
0
7.14
0
7.69
11.76
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
55
3
2
3
1
0
3
US
(3/4)
Question 6-6(3) How many licensees have got the license? (また、それは複数の企業にライセンスされたか)
B.11 How many licensees have got the
license?
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
only
one
2-4
firms
5-10
firms
11-50
firms
270
126
6
9
50
22
XX
XX
108
51
1
5
27
16
XX
XX
46
24
3
1
14
2
XX
XX
6
4
0
0
2
0
XX
XX
3
3
0
0
0
0
XX
XX
N
only
one
2-4
firms
5-10 more than
firms 10 firms
167
86
4
6
43
18
XX
XX
64.67
59.3
25
83.33
62.79
88.89
XX
XX
27.54
27.91
75
16.67
32.56
11.11
XX
XX
3.59
4.65
0
0
4.65
0
XX
XX
159
4.19
8.14
0
0
0
0
XX
XX
51100
firms
2
2
0
0
0
0
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
more than
100
Don't
know
Missing
2
2
0
0
0
0
XX
XX
40
26
1
2
6
3
XX
XX
63
14
1
1
1
1
XX
XX
This page is intentionally left blank.
160
US
(4/4)
Reference: Did the licensing contracts include exclusivity clauses? (参考：ライセ
ンス契約に排他条項があるか)
all
yes
no
Don't
know
Missing
270
127
XX
9
49
22
XX
XX
108
42
XX
4
35
18
XX
XX
33
22
XX
1
7
0
XX
XX
65
48
XX
3
6
3
XX
XX
64
15
XX
1
1
1
XX
XX
N
yes
no
Total
141
64
XX
5
42
18
XX
XX
76.6
65.63
XX
80
83.33
100
XX
XX
23.4
34.38
XX
20
16.67
0
XX
XX
100
100.01
XX
100
100
100
XX
XX
B12 exclusive licensing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
161
Japan
Question 6-7 Has this patent been exploited commercially by yourself or any of your co-inventors for starting a new
company? (発明者は新会社設立によって当該特許を利用したか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
yes
134
82
9
3
19
5
7
9
no
3199
2602
173
116
150
68
32
58
No response
325
248
19
11
13
9
3
22
N
yes
no
Total
3333
2684
182
119
169
73
39
67
4.02
3.06
4.95
2.52
11.24
6.85
17.95
13.43
95.98
96.94
95.05
97.48
88.76
93.15
82.05
86.57
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
162
US
Question 6-7 Has this patent been exploited commercially by yourself or any of your co-inventors for starting a new
company? (発明者は新会社設立によって当該特許を利用したか）
B13 Start-ups
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
all
yes
no
Don't know
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
127
41
2
3
60
14
4
3
1594
1231
67
53
142
25
14
62
116
92
4
2
11
1
1
5
82
25
1
2
3
2
1
48
N
yes
no
Total
1721
1272
69
56
202
39
18
65
7.38
3.22
2.9
5.36
29.7
35.9
22.22
4.62
92.62
96.78
97.1
94.64
70.3
64.1
77.78
95.38
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
163
Japan
Question 6-3,6,7 Summary (1)
Any commercialization either through internal (in-house) commercialization,
license or startup (発明は商用化、ライセンス、新会社の設立などで利用され
たか）
全て「いいえ」
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
それ以外
All
all "no"
いずれかが
「はい」
any "yes"
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
1265
1053
65
31
40
33
20
23
2185
1714
127
97
137
41
20
49
208
165
9
2
5
8
2
17
N
all "no"
any "yes"
Total
3450
2767
192
128
177
74
40
72
36.67
38.06
33.85
24.22
22.6
44.59
50
31.94
63.33
61.94
66.15
75.78
77.4
55.41
50
68.06
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
164
other
US
Question 6-3,6,7 Summary (1)
Any commercialization either through internal (in-house) commercialization,
license or startup (発明は商用化、ライセンス、新会社の設立などで利用されたか）
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
all
all "no"
any "yes"
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
587
453
24
14
52
9
10
25
971
669
40
41
149
29
8
35
361
267
10
5
15
4
2
58
N
all "no"
any "yes"
Total
1558
1122
64
55
201
38
18
60
37.68
40.37
37.5
25.45
25.87
23.68
55.56
41.67
62.32
59.63
62.5
74.55
74.13
76.32
44.44
58.33
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
165
Japan
Question 6-3,6,7 Summary (2)
Pure in house or not (発明は自社のみ使用かどうか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
Yes
1198
979
69
49
69
12
2
18
No
2248
1788
119
70
107
69
39
56
no response
212
165
13
11
6
1
1
15
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3446
2767
188
119
176
81
41
74
Yes
34.76
35.38
36.7
41.18
39.2
14.81
4.88
24.32
No
65.24
64.62
63.3
58.82
60.8
85.19
95.12
75.68
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
166
US
Question 6-3,6,7 Summary (2)
Pure in house or not (発明は自社のみ使用かどうか）
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ oth
Missing
all
yes
no
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
687
531
33
32
59
6
2
24
1029
723
38
26
147
35
17
43
203
135
3
2
10
1
1
51
N
yes
no
Total
1716
1254
71
58
206
41
19
67
40.03
42.34
46.48
55.17
28.64
14.63
10.53
35.82
59.97
57.66
53.52
44.83
71.36
85.37
89.47
64.18
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
167
Japan
Question 6-8 If this patent is used neither internally within the applicant firm, licensing nor for starting a new company, what are the important reasons for that? You can check all relevant boxes. (自社
内、ライセンス等によって利用されていない理由(重複回答あり））
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
他社が類似技 特許は他社によ 技術・市場動向 発明の技術 基礎的な発明 発明の利用を 発明の利用を 当該発明の実施に必 発明を実施する わからない
術を特許化する る迂回防止に有 が発明の有用 水準が高く でありその応用 予定していた 予定していた 要な他分野の技術開 上で上記以外
技術を発展さ 自社事業が整 自社新事業が 発が遅れているから のボトルネック
性を低下させる なったから
用だから
ことをブロックす
が存在したから
せることが出来 理・縮小された 不成功に終
方向に変化した
るため
わったから
から
なかった
から
All
The patent is Technology or
The patent is
market
used or was
used or was
environment
used for
used for
blocking other preventing the has changed in
the direction
inventingfirms patent
around by other for reducing
similar
the value of
firms
inventions.
this invention
1,265
1,053
65
31
40
33
20
23
N
1,133
952
55
30
31
31
16
18
450
383
27
13
12
6
1
8
202
172
12
6
6
0
2
4
234
213
5
3
6
5
2
0
The patent is
The patent is Technology or
used or was
market
used or was
used for
environment
used for
blocking other preventing the has changed in
the direction
inventingfirms patent
around by other for reducing
similar
the value of
firms
inventions.
this invention
39.72
40.23
49.09
43.33
38.71
19.35
6.25
44.44
17.83
18.07
21.82
20
19.35
0
12.5
22.22
20.65
22.37
9.09
10
19.35
16.13
12.5
0
Low
technical
level of the
invention
113
92
11
4
3
2
0
1
Low
technical
level of the
invention
9.97
9.66
20
13.33
9.68
6.45
0
5.56
The firm has The business
not been able of the firm for
which the
to develop the
invention was
application
aimed at has
technologies
been
for this basic
downsized
invention.
218
161
10
6
9
16
11
5
259
232
6
4
4
5
3
5
The firm has The business
not been able of the firm for
which the
to develop the
invention was
application
aimed at has
technologies
been
for this basic
downsized
invention.
19.24
16.91
18.18
20
29.03
51.61
68.75
27.78
168
22.86
24.37
10.91
13.33
12.9
16.13
18.75
27.78
無回答
The new
business of
the firm for
which the
invention was
aimed at has
not been
successful
The development of
the complementary
technology in other
technology fields is
delayed
Other
bottlenecks
have existed
don't
know
no
response
152
138
3
4
3
0
1
3
151
129
5
4
4
3
3
3
92
71
6
2
3
6
0
4
59
47
5
1
3
1
2
0
73
54
5
0
6
1
2
5
The new
business of
the firm for
which the
invention was
aimed at has
not been
successful
The development of
the complementary
technology in other
technology fields is
delayed
Other
bottlenecks
have existed
13.42
14.5
5.45
13.33
9.68
0
6.25
16.67
13.33
13.55
9.09
13.33
12.9
9.68
18.75
16.67
8.12
7.46
10.91
6.67
9.68
19.35
0
22.22
US
Question 6-8 If this patent is used neither internally within the applicant firm, licensing nor for starting a new company, what are the important reasons for that? You
can check all relevant boxes. (自社内、ライセンス等によって利用されていない理由(重複回答あり））
all
B14 If this patent is used neither
internally within the applicant firm,
licensing nor for starting a new
company, what are the important
reasons for that? You can check all
relevant boxes.
All
1919
Large firm ( >=501)
1389
Medium SMEs
74
60
Small firms (100-250)
216
Very small firm (< 100)
42
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other 20
118
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
852
671
37
16
64
16
12
36
f. Low
c. The patent is d. The patent e. Technology
technical
or market
used or was is used or was
environment level of the
used for
used for
blocking other preventing the has changed in invention
the direction
inventingfirms patent
for reducing
around by
similar
the value of
other firms
inventions.
this invention
295
252
9
5
12
3
3
11
201
167
8
3
10
1
3
9
234
199
12
1
12
1
2
7
56
45
2
2
4
2
0
1
f. Low
c. The patent is d. The patent e. Technology
technical
or market
used or was is used or was
environment level of the
used for
used for
blocking other preventing the has changed in invention
the direction
inventingfirms patent
for reducing
around by
similar
the value of
other firms
inventions.
this invention
34.62
37.56
24.32
31.25
18.75
18.75
25
30.56
23.59
24.89
21.62
18.75
15.63
6.25
25
25
27.46
29.66
32.43
6.25
18.75
6.25
16.67
19.44
6.57
6.71
5.41
12.5
6.25
12.5
0
2.78
h. Lack of
g. Lack of
b. The
a. We are still
capital for
technology is interest from
actively
starting a
potential
exploring the used internally
new firm
licenses
as a research
commercial
based on the
possibilities of tool to develop
technology
other
this invention
commercial
technologies
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
381
281
14
7
37
13
10
19
159
124
6
3
9
7
0
10
72
44
3
2
13
3
1
6
53
21
2
2
20
1
4
3
h. Lack of
g. Lack of
b. The
a. We are still
capital for
technology is interest from
actively
starting a
potential
exploring the used internally
new firm
licenses
as a research
commercial
based on the
possibilities of tool to develop
technology
other
this invention
commercial
technologies
44.72
41.88
37.84
43.75
57.81
81.25
83.33
52.78
18.66
18.48
16.22
18.75
14.06
43.75
0
27.78
8.45
6.56
8.11
12.5
20.31
18.75
8.33
16.67
169
6.22
3.13
5.41
12.5
31.25
6.25
33.33
8.33
l. The
k. The new
j. The
i. The firm has
development of
line of
business of
not been able
the
business
to develop the the firm for
based on the complementary
which the
application
technologies invention was invention has technology in
other technology
not been
for this basic aimed at has
successful fields is delayed
been
invention.
downsized
101
74
10
2
7
2
1
5
178
151
5
3
11
2
1
5
63
50
0
2
8
1
0
2
77
61
4
2
4
0
1
5
l. The
k. The new
j. The
i. The firm has
development of
line of
business of
not been able
the
business
to develop the the firm for
based on the complementary
which the
application
technologies invention was invention has technology in
other technology
not been
for this basic aimed at has
successful fields is delayed
been
invention.
downsized
11.85
11.03
27.03
12.5
10.94
12.5
8.33
13.89
20.89
22.5
13.51
18.75
17.19
12.5
8.33
13.89
7.39
7.45
0
12.5
12.5
6.25
0
5.56
9.04
9.09
10.81
12.5
6.25
0
8.33
13.89
m. other
n. Don't know
Missing
Skipped
63
47
1
3
7
0
2
3
81
64
3
1
10
0
0
3
117
54
2
6
5
1
0
49
869
600
32
37
137
25
8
30
m. other
7.39
7
2.7
18.75
10.94
0
16.67
8.33
Japan
Question 6-9 Did you publish a scientific/technical paper describing this invention?
（当該発明の内容を科学技術論文として公表したか）
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
All
3658
2932
201
130
182
82
42
89
yes
704
509
26
17
36
66
27
23
no
2872
2361
173
111
143
15
14
55
no response
82
62
2
2
3
1
1
11
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
3576
2870
199
128
179
81
41
78
yes
19.69
17.74
13.07
13.28
20.11
81.48
65.85
29.49
no
80.31
82.26
86.93
86.72
79.89
18.52
34.15
70.51
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
If Yes, which of the following choices apply to the relationship between the patent application of your invention and
the publication of your scientific/technical paper ? You can check all relevant boxes. (
国内特許出願と当該論文公表
の関係について、重複回答あり)
All
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
704
509
26
17
36
66
27
23
N
695
504
26
17
33
65
27
23
論文公表の前に関連 論文公表の結果、他 特許出願手続きのた 特許出願と論
発明の特許出願義務 社による自社技術使 めに当該論文公表 文公表は無関
係であった
が遅れた
の規則があり、それに 用防止のため出願し
た
該当した
無回答
The timing of
The patent
The patent
The patent
the patent
application
application before
application of the
the publication of procedure led to the application
inventions was
had no effect
delay of you
your paper was
mandatory prior to
on the timing
publication
necessary to prevent
the publication
of
because of the the free use of the
publications.
technology of your
internal rule of the
firm as disclosed in
employer.
your publication
no response
418
351
10
10
8
20
12
7
190
130
8
4
14
18
6
10
87
49
3
3
5
16
6
5
119
68
7
4
11
19
6
4
The timing of
The patent
The patent
The patent
the patent
application
application before
application of the
the publication of procedure led to the application
inventions was
had no effect
delay of you
your paper was
mandatory prior to
on the timing
publication
necessary to prevent
the publication
of
because of the the free use of the
publications.
technology of your
internal rule of the
firm as disclosed in
employer.
your publication
60.14
69.64
38.46
58.82
24.24
30.77
44.44
30.43
27.34
25.79
30.77
23.53
42.42
27.69
22.22
43.48
170
12.52
9.72
11.54
17.65
15.15
24.62
22.22
21.74
17.12
13.49
26.92
23.53
33.33
29.23
22.22
17.39
9
5
0
0
3
1
0
0
US
Reference: In the three years prior to the focal patent, how many articles did you publish in scientific journals? (参考：当該
特許の前の三年間に何本の論文を公表したか)
all
yes
no
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
1919
1389
74
60
216
42
20
118
884
648
41
25
90
36
15
29
910
689
32
30
117
3
5
34
125
52
1
5
9
3
0
55
C4 (% dummy)
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
1794
1337
73
55
207
39
20
63
yes
49.28
48.47
56.16
45.45
43.48
92.31
75.00
46.03
no
50.72
51.53
43.84
54.55
56.52
7.69
25
53.97
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
mean(article)
S.D
N
median
p90
Interquartile
Range
Missing
3.28
2.90
2.66
2.05
2.97
16.77
15.05
2.21
9.05
7.55
4.62
3.89
7.94
14.22
43.92
3.90
1794
1337
73
55
207
39
20
63
0
0
1
0
0
12
5
0
9
8
6
5
5
35
18.5
10
3
3
3
3
3
25
7.5
3
125
52
1
5
9
3
0
55
C4 Any article published in the three
years prior to the focal patent?
(dummy)
C.4 (article mean)
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
171
Japan
(1/6)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための
企業戦略としての重要度）
First mover’s advantage in the development of complementary technologies and the patent portfolio (当該発
明を補完・補強する技術開発、特許網構築における先行優位)
All
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
All
1
2
3
4
All
1998
25
54
214
1046
1584
20
42
165
843
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
119
2
3
16
62
Small firm (101-250)
82
1
3
14
39
129
2
3
11
65
Very small firm (<101)
27
0
1
3
12
university
Other
14
0
0
2
4
unknown
43
0
2
3
21
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1945
1555
117
76
123
25
11
38
1
1.29
1.29
1.71
1.32
1.63
0
0
0
2
2.78
2.7
2.56
3.95
2.44
4
0
5.26
3
11
10.61
13.68
18.42
8.94
12
18.18
7.89
4
53.78
54.21
52.99
51.32
52.85
48
36.36
55.26
非常に重
要である
5
606
485
34
19
42
9
5
12
無回答
no response
53
29
2
6
6
2
3
5
5
31.16
31.19
29.06
25
34.15
36
45.45
31.58
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
First mover’s advantage in commercialization (short lead-time between the patenting and its exploitation in
the market) (市場投入における先行優位)
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ
ない
い
ない
る
All
1
2
3
4
All
1998
21
38
245
1076
1584
20
30
191
868
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
119
0
2
13
62
Small firm (101-250)
82
1
1
10
45
129
0
2
14
67
Very small firm (<101)
27
0
0
6
9
university
Other
14
0
0
5
4
unknown
43
0
3
6
21
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
All
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1946
1559
117
76
119
25
12
38
1
1.08
1.28
0
1.32
0
0
0
0
2
1.95
1.92
1.71
1.32
1.68
0
0
7.89
172
3
12.59
12.25
11.11
13.16
11.76
24
41.67
15.79
4
55.29
55.68
52.99
59.21
56.3
36
33.33
55.26
非常に重
要である
5
566
450
40
19
36
10
3
8
無回答
no response
52
25
2
6
10
2
2
5
5
29.09
28.86
34.19
25
30.25
40
25
21.05
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(1/5)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のた
めの企業戦略としての重要度）
all
1
2
3
4
5
Don't
know
%4 or 5
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ ot
Missing
946
633
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
49
33
2
4
7
1
XX
XX
62
43
5
6
7
0
XX
XX
158
115
7
1
27
1
XX
XX
246
181
11
12
29
4
XX
XX
288
195
12
13
46
12
XX
XX
55
41
1
0
7
3
XX
XX
534
376
23
25
75
16
XX
XX
88
25
2
4
5
2
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ ot
Missing
N
803
567
37
36
116
18
XX
XX
5
35.87
34.39
32.43
36.11
39.66
66.67
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
66.51
66.31
62.16
69.44
64.66
88.89
XX
XX
B7A First mover’s advantage in
the development of
complementary technologies and
the patent portfolio
1
2
3
4
6.1
7.72 19.68 30.64
5.82 7.58 20.28 31.92
5.41 13.51 18.92 29.73
11.11 16.67 2.78 33.33
6.03 6.03 23.28
25
5.56
0
5.56 22.22
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
all
1
2
3
4
5
Don't
know
%4 or 5
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ ot
Missing
946
633
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
38
30
2
1
3
1
XX
XX
46
34
0
1
8
1
XX
XX
132
96
11
0
18
2
XX
XX
235
165
11
16
30
6
XX
XX
359
245
13
18
59
9
XX
XX
48
35
1
2
6
2
XX
XX
594
410
24
34
89
15
XX
XX
88
28
2
2
4
2
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ ot
Missing
N
810
570
37
36
118
19
XX
XX
1
4.69
5.26
5.41
2.78
2.54
5.26
XX
XX
2
5.68
5.96
0
2.78
6.78
5.26
XX
XX
3
16.3
16.84
29.73
0
15.25
10.53
XX
XX
4
29.01
28.95
29.73
44.44
25.42
31.58
XX
XX
5
44.32
42.98
35.14
50
50
47.37
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
73.33
71.93
64.87
94.44
75.42
78.95
XX
XX
B7B First mover’s advantage in
commercialization
173
(2/6)
Japan
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための
企業戦略としての重要度）
Complementary manufacturing capability (事業化に必要な優れた製造能力)
全く重要で 重要でな
ない
い
All
どちらでも
非常に重
重要である
ない
要である
All
1
2
3
4
All
1998
45
83
396
959
Large firm (> 500)
1584
43
64
321
771
Medium firm (251-500)
119
0
4
19
68
Small firm (101-250)
82
1
3
18
37
Very small firm (<101)
129
0
6
25
55
university
27
1
0
2
9
Other
14
0
2
4
3
unknown
43
0
4
7
16
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1944
1555
117
76
120
26
11
39
1
2.31
2.77
0
1.32
0
3.85
0
0
2
4.27
4.12
3.42
3.95
5
0
18.18
10.26
3
20.37
20.64
16.24
23.68
20.83
7.69
36.36
17.95
4
49.33
49.58
58.12
48.68
45.83
34.62
27.27
41.03
5
461
356
26
17
34
14
2
12
no response
54
29
2
6
9
1
3
4
5
23.71
22.89
22.22
22.37
28.33
53.85
18.18
30.77
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Complementary sales/service capability (事業化に必要なすぐれた販売・サービス能力)
All
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
ない
い
ない
要である
All
1
2
3
4
All
1998
66
116
558
841
Large firm (> 500)
1584
58
95
467
668
Medium firm (251-500)
119
2
9
27
56
Small firm (101-250)
82
2
7
19
31
Very small firm (<101)
129
0
2
29
61
university
27
0
0
3
11
Other
14
2
1
3
2
unknown
43
2
2
10
12
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1932
1547
114
74
122
25
11
39
1
3.42
3.75
1.75
2.7
0
0
18.18
5.13
2
6
6.14
7.89
9.46
1.64
0
9.09
5.13
174
3
28.88
30.19
23.68
25.68
23.77
12
27.27
25.64
4
43.53
43.18
49.12
41.89
50
44
18.18
30.77
無回答
無回答
5
351
259
20
15
30
11
3
13
no response
66
37
5
8
7
2
3
4
5
18.17
16.74
17.54
20.27
24.59
44
27.27
33.33
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(2/5)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための企
業戦略としての重要度）
all
1
2
3
4
5
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very samll firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
945
632
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
157
116
6
5
24
5
XX
XX
106
78
4
2
17
2
XX
XX
171
118
9
9
23
3
XX
XX
180
130
6
7
26
3
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
743
530
29
35
106
14
XX
XX
1
21.13
21.89
20.69
14.29
22.64
35.71
XX
XX
2
14.27
14.72
13.79
5.71
16.04
14.29
XX
XX
3
23.01
22.26
31.03
25.71
21.7
21.43
XX
XX
all
1
2
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
945
632
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
152
111
7
5
19
6
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
735
521
32
36
103
14
XX
XX
1
20.68
21.31
21.88
13.89
18.45
42.86
XX
XX
B7C Complementary manufacturing
capability
B7D Complementary sales/service
capability
%4 or 5
Missing
129
88
4
12
16
1
XX
XX
Don't
know
110
74
9
3
15
6
XX
XX
309
218
10
19
42
4
XX
XX
92
28
2
2
7
3
XX
XX
4
24.23
24.53
20.69
20
24.53
21.43
XX
XX
5
17.36
16.6
13.79
34.29
15.09
7.14
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
41.59
41.13
34.48
54.29
39.62
28.57
XX
XX
3
4
5
Don't
know
%4 or 5
Missing
104
83
7
4
6
1
XX
XX
157
110
7
8
26
2
XX
XX
197
142
5
7
29
4
XX
XX
125
75
6
12
23
1
XX
XX
106
76
5
2
14
6
XX
XX
322
217
11
19
52
5
XX
XX
104
35
3
2
11
3
XX
XX
2
14.15
15.93
21.88
11.11
5.83
7.14
XX
XX
3
21.36
21.11
21.88
22.22
25.24
14.29
XX
XX
4
26.8
27.26
15.63
19.44
28.16
28.57
XX
XX
5
17.01
14.4
18.75
33.33
22.33
7.14
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
43.81
41.66
34.38
52.77
50.49
35.71
XX
XX
175
Japan
(3/6)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための
企業戦略としての重要度）
Enforcement of the patents domestically and internationally (その特許権の内外におけるエンフォースメント)
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ 非常に重
ない
い
ない
る
要である
All
1
2
3
4
5
All
1998
36
119
684
928
156
1584
32
92
557
743
123
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
119
1
8
41
60
4
Small firm (101-250)
82
1
4
24
39
5
129
0
9
39
57
14
Very small firm (<101)
27
0
4
6
10
2
university
Other
14
1
1
4
2
3
unknown
43
1
1
13
17
5
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
All
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1923
1547
114
73
119
22
11
37
1
1.87
2.07
0.88
1.37
0
0
9.09
2.7
2
6.19
5.95
7.02
5.48
7.56
18.18
9.09
2.7
3
35.57
36.01
35.96
32.88
32.77
27.27
36.36
35.14
4
48.26
48.03
52.63
53.42
47.9
45.45
18.18
45.95
5
8.11
7.95
3.51
6.85
11.76
9.09
27.27
13.51
無回答
no response
75
37
5
9
10
5
3
6
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Secrecy (such as manufacturing know-how) (企業機密)
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要であ 非常に重
ない
い
ない
る
要である
All
1
2
3
4
5
All
1998
58
128
529
881
333
1584
53
95
438
713
252
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
119
0
8
30
60
17
Small firm (101-250)
82
1
7
19
33
14
129
3
9
26
53
27
Very small firm (<101)
27
0
1
6
6
10
university
Other
14
0
2
2
4
3
unknown
43
1
6
8
12
10
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
All
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1929
1551
115
74
118
23
11
37
1
3.01
3.42
0
1.35
2.54
0
0
2.7
2
6.64
6.13
6.96
9.46
7.63
4.35
18.18
16.22
176
3
27.42
28.24
26.09
25.68
22.03
26.09
18.18
21.62
4
45.67
45.97
52.17
44.59
44.92
26.09
36.36
32.43
5
17.26
16.25
14.78
18.92
22.88
43.48
27.27
27.03
無回答
no response
69
33
4
8
11
4
3
6
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(3/5)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための企
業戦略としての重要度）
all
1
2
3
4
5
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
945
632
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
49
36
3
3
4
2
XX
XX
78
52
2
5
16
1
XX
XX
169
128
8
4
19
1
XX
XX
238
175
12
8
29
6
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
810
577
35
36
114
17
XX
XX
1
6.05
6.24
8.57
8.33
3.51
11.76
XX
XX
2
9.63
9.01
5.71
13.89
14.04
5.88
XX
XX
3
20.86
22.18
22.86
11.11
16.67
5.88
XX
XX
all
1
2
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
945
632
40
40
128
42
XX
XX
145
102
4
9
20
5
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
N
756
541
29
37
107
14
XX
XX
1
19.18
18.85
13.79
24.32
18.69
35.71
XX
XX
B7E Patents
%4 or 5
Missing
276
186
10
16
46
7
XX
XX
Don't
know
48
30
3
2
9
3
XX
XX
514
361
22
24
75
13
XX
XX
87
25
2
2
5
3
XX
XX
4
29.38
30.33
34.29
22.22
25.44
35.29
XX
XX
5
34.07
32.24
28.57
44.44
40.35
41.18
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
63.45
62.57
62.86
66.66
65.79
76.47
XX
XX
3
4
5
%4 or 5
Missing
136
98
5
5
24
2
XX
XX
161
111
6
7
29
1
XX
XX
173
131
10
5
17
6
XX
XX
141
99
4
11
17
0
XX
XX
Don't
know
88
57
8
1
14
5
XX
XX
314
230
14
16
34
6
XX
XX
101
34
3
2
7
4
XX
XX
2
17.99
18.11
17.24
13.51
22.43
14.29
XX
XX
3
21.3
20.52
20.69
18.92
27.1
7.14
XX
XX
4
22.88
24.21
34.48
13.51
15.89
42.86
XX
XX
5
18.65
18.3
13.79
29.73
15.89
0
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
41.53
42.51
48.27
43.24
31.78
42.86
XX
XX
Secrecy
B7F Secrecy
177
Japan
(4/6)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための
企業戦略としての重要度）
Product/process complexity (製品および生産プロセスの複雑性)
All
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
ない
い
ない
要である
All
1
2
3
4
All
1998
121
302
966
449
Large firm (> 500)
1584
105
237
794
348
Medium firm (251-500)
119
6
20
55
24
Small firm (101-250)
82
1
11
35
22
Very small firm (<101)
129
5
19
54
37
university
27
1
3
7
10
Other
14
1
2
6
0
unknown
43
2
10
15
8
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1913
1537
115
73
116
23
11
38
1
6.33
6.83
5.22
1.37
4.31
4.35
9.09
5.26
2
15.79
15.42
17.39
15.07
16.38
13.04
18.18
26.32
3
50.5
51.66
47.83
47.95
46.55
30.43
54.55
39.47
4
23.47
22.64
20.87
30.14
31.9
43.48
0
21.05
無回答
5
75
53
10
4
1
2
2
3
no response
85
47
4
9
13
4
3
5
5
3.92
3.45
8.7
5.48
0.86
8.7
18.18
7.89
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Collaboration with the firms with complementary technologies (補完的な技術を有する企業との協力)
All
全く重要で 重要でな どちらでも 重要である 非常に重
ない
い
ない
要である
All
1
2
3
4
All
1998
141
264
824
578
Large firm (> 500)
1584
112
216
672
459
Medium firm (251-500)
119
8
15
57
25
Small firm (101-250)
82
6
9
37
17
Very small firm (<101)
129
7
17
36
51
university
27
3
0
6
10
Other
14
0
1
3
5
unknown
43
5
6
13
11
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
Small firm (101-250)
Very small firm (<101)
university
Other
unknown
N
1923
1544
115
72
119
24
10
39
1
7.33
7.25
6.96
8.33
5.88
12.5
0
12.82
2
13.73
13.99
13.04
12.5
14.29
0
10
15.38
178
3
42.85
43.52
49.57
51.39
30.25
25
30
33.33
4
30.06
29.73
21.74
23.61
42.86
41.67
50
28.21
無回答
5
116
85
10
3
8
5
1
4
no response
75
40
4
10
10
3
4
4
5
6.03
5.51
8.7
4.17
6.72
20.83
10
10.26
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
US
(4/5)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful
commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5 = very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための企業
戦略としての重要度）
all
1
2
3
4
5
Don't
know
%4 or 5
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
945
632
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
126
83
5
8
22
5
XX
XX
133
94
5
4
24
2
XX
XX
190
134
12
6
23
5
XX
XX
207
139
9
16
31
4
XX
XX
114
93
2
3
11
0
XX
XX
79
57
4
1
11
4
XX
XX
321
232
11
19
42
4
XX
XX
96
32
3
2
6
3
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
N
770
243
33
37
111
16
XX
XX
1
16.36
15.29
15.15
21.62
19.82
31.25
XX
XX
2
17.27
17.31
15.15
10.81
21.62
12.5
XX
XX
3
24.68
24.68
36.36
16.22
20.72
31.25
XX
XX
4
26.88
25.6
27.27
43.24
27.93
25
XX
XX
5
14.81
17.13
6.06
8.11
9.91
0
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
41.69
42.73
33.33
51.35
37.84
25
XX
XX
B7G Product/Process complexity
Collaboration with the firms with complementary technologies (補完的な技術を有する企業との協力)
all
1
2
3
4
5
Don't
know
%4 or 5
Missing
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
945
632
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
387
287
16
19
42
10
XX
XX
141
91
9
6
26
3
XX
XX
90
68
4
4
9
1
XX
XX
79
53
2
3
15
3
XX
XX
42
21
0
3
15
1
XX
XX
111
82
6
2
16
2
XX
XX
121
74
2
6
30
4
XX
XX
95
30
3
3
5
3
XX
XX
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ othe
Missing
N
739
520
31
35
107
18
XX
XX
1
52.37
55.19
51.61
54.29
39.25
55.56
XX
XX
2
19.08
17.5
29.03
17.14
24.3
16.67
XX
XX
3
12.18
13.08
12.9
11.43
8.41
5.56
XX
XX
4
10.69
10.19
6.45
8.57
14.02
16.67
XX
XX
5
5.68
4.04
0
8.57
14.02
5.56
XX
XX
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX
%4 or 5
16.37
14.23
6.45
17.14
28.04
22.23
XX
XX
B7H Collaboration with the firms with
complementary technologies
179
Japan
(5/6)
Question 6-10 In your opinion, how important are the following corporate strategies for the successful commercialization of this invention? (1 = not important, 5
= very important）（当該発明の商業的成功のための企業戦略としての重要度）
others(その他)
全く重要でない
重要である
1
4
非常に重要であ
る
5
no response
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1995
1583
119
82
128
27
13
43
4
33.33
0
100
0
5
33.33
0
0
100
Total
100
100
100
100
All
1998
1
Large firm (> 500)
1584
1
Medium firm (251-500)
119
0
Small firm (101-250)
82
0
129
0
Very small firm (<101)
27
0
university
Other
14
0
unknown
43
0
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention are used by applicants)
%
All
Large firm (> 500)
Very small firm (<101)
Other
無回答
All
All
N
3
1
1
1
1
33.33
100
0
0
180
This page is intentionally left blank.
181
Japan
(6/6)
Question 6-10 Summary
4 or 5
%
First mover’s
advantage in the
development of
complementary
technologies and the
patent portfolio
First mover’s
advantage in
commercialization
(short lead-time
between the patenting
and its exploitation in
the market)
All
84.94
85.4
Large firm (> 500)
Medium firm (251-500)
82.05
Small firm (101-250)
76.32
Very small firm (<101)
86.99
university
84
Other
81.82
unknown
86.84
Note: When the answer of Question 6-3 is 1 (The invention
Complementary
manufacturing
capability
84.38
84.54
87.18
84.21
86.55
76
58.33
76.32
are used by applicants)
Complementary
sales/service
capability
Enforcement of
the patents
domestically and
internationally
Secrecy (such
as
manufacturing
know-how)
Product/proces
s complexity
Collaboration
with the firms
with
complementary
technologies
61.7
59.92
66.67
62.16
74.59
88
45.45
64.1
56.37
55.98
56.14
60.27
59.66
54.55
45.45
59.46
62.93
62.22
66.96
63.51
67.8
69.57
63.64
59.46
27.39
26.09
29.57
35.62
32.76
52.17
18.18
28.95
36.09
35.23
30.43
27.78
49.58
62.5
60
38.46
73.05
72.48
80.34
71.05
74.17
88.46
45.45
71.79
182
US
(5/5)
Question 6-10 Summary
4 or 5
B7 (4 or 5) %
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/
Missing
A First mover’ B First mover’s
C
D
s advantage in
advantage in Complementar Complement
the
y
ary
commercializati
development of
on
manufacturing sales/servic
complementary
capability
e capability
technologies
and the patent
portfolio
66.51
66.31
62.16
69.44
64.66
88.89
XX
XX
73.33
71.93
64.87
94.44
75.42
78.95
XX
XX
41.59
41.13
34.48
54.29
39.62
28.57
XX
XX
43.81
41.66
34.38
52.77
50.49
35.71
XX
XX
183
E Patents
F Secrecy
63.45
62.57
62.86
66.66
65.79
76.47
XX
XX
41.53
42.51
48.27
43.24
31.78
42.86
XX
XX
G
H Collaboration
Product/Proces with the firms
s complexity
with
complementary
technologies
41.69
42.73
33.33
51.35
37.84
25
XX
XX
16.37
14.23
6.45
17.14
28.04
22.23
XX
XX
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184
US
(6/6)
Reference: From the commercial launch of your product/process/service, approximately how long was it
until another firm introduced a competing alternative? (参考：当該特許が商業化されてから、別の企業が競
争的な代替手段(製品、生産過程あるいはサービス)を導入するのに要した時間)
B8 From the commercial launch of
your product/process/service,
approximately how long was it until
another firm introduced a competing
alternative?
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
%
All
Large firm ( >=501)
Medium SMEs
Small firms (100-250)
Very small firm (< 100)
University
Hospital, foundation, etc. /gov/ other
Missing
all
945
632
40
40
128
23
XX
XX
N
443
307
20
24
69
8
XX
XX
Less
6
than 6 months
months - 1.5
years
65
51
1
4
7
2
XX
XX
87
61
3
5
13
0
XX
XX
Less
6
than 6 months
months - 1.5
years
14.67
16.61
5
16.67
10.14
25
XX
XX
19.64
19.87
15
20.83
18.84
0
XX
XX
185
1.5-3
years
3-5
years
More
than
Don't
know
Missing
110
71
10
3
21
2
XX
XX
65
45
1
4
14
0
XX
XX
116
79
5
8
14
4
XX
XX
419
301
18
14
54
13
XX
XX
83
24
2
2
5
2
XX
XX
1.5-3
years
3-5
years
More
than
Total
24.83
23.13
50
12.5
30.43
25
XX
XX
14.67
14.66
5
16.67
20.29
0
XX
XX
26.19
25.73
25
33.33
20.29
50
XX
XX
100
100
100
100
100
100
XX
XX