II. Sedimentary Rock – Rocks formed from sediment
compacted and compressed (cemented) over time into
solid rock.
Sediment – bits of rock – gravel, sand, silt, clay
Rocks are is grouped by the size of the sediment
involved (see below)
Large 1. Gravel – forms Conglomerate
2. Sand – forms Sandstone
3. Silt – forms Siltstone
Small 4. Clay- mud – forms Shale – has flat layers that
split
Color and type of rock is determined by the color and
type of the mineral within.
Ex. Red sandstone and white sandstone
(Sedimentary rocks continued)
Other types of Sedimentary rocks
Rock salt - when halite and gypsum are left behind
after water evaporates away
Stalactites and Stalagmites (made of calcite) form
this way in caves
Coal – formed from buried and compressed plant
remains
Limestone – formed from the compaction of shells
(calcite from animals such as clams and oysters)
II. Sedimentary Rock – Rocks formed from sediment
They are grouped by their formation and are considered
either clastic or nonclastic.
A. Clastic – formed when sediment is compacted and
compressed over time into solid rock.
* Clastic rock is grouped by the size of the sediment
involved (see below)
Large 1. Gravel –
2. Sand –
3. Silt –
Small 4. Clay –
Color and type of rock is determined by the color and
type the mineral within.
Ex.
 Sediment sizes can combine to form different rocks
Ex.
(Sedimentary rocks continued)
B. Nonclastic – not formed through the clasitc method
Two nonclastic methods.
1. Chemical – one of two ways
a. precipitation- minerals precipitate (settle out) of
water and form rock
Ex.
b. Evaporation – when water evaporates out of a
mineral solution leaving the mineral behind
Ex.
Ex.
2. Organic –
Ex.
Ex.