www.ijecs.in
International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242
Volume 4 Issue 2 February 2015, Page No. 10270-10275
A Survey Of Digital Watermarking Techniques
Sumedh P. Ingale 1, Dr.C.A.Dhote 2
1
Prof. Ram Meghe Institute Of Technology and Research, Badnera,Amrava
Sant Gadgebaba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India – 444701.
sumedh3003@gmail.com
2
Prof. Ram Meghe Institute Of Technology and Research, Badnera Amravati.
SantGadgebabaAmravatiUniversity, Amravati, Maharashtra, India – 444701.
vikasdhote@rediffmail.com
Abstract: Digital watermarking has become a promising research area to face the challenges created by the rapid growth in
distribution of digital content over the internet. To prevents misuse of this data Digital watermarking techniques are very
useful in which a Secret message called as a watermarks which can be a logo or label is embedded into multimedia data
imperceptibly which would be then used for various applications like copyright protection, authentication, and tamper
detection etc.. Based on the requirement of the application the watermark is extracted or detected by detection algorithm to test
condition of the data.
Keywords: Digital Watermarking, Copyright, Authentication.
1. Introduction
The rapid growth in internet has changed many aspects of our
lives. The use of internet in day to day life by common people
is continuously rising around the world, This is rapidly
increasing because it seems natural use internet to provide real
time coverage of stories, publishing newspapers, magazines,
music, still images would yield commercial benefits by
providing a fast and inexpensive way to distribute their work. It
becomes very easy to search and develop any digital content on
the internet. But there is a serious problem faced about
unauthorized and illegal access and manipulation of multimedia
files over internet. Everybody can obtain copies of copyrighted
multimedia openly at low cost and with no loss of information,
while this good for sharing but using them for the commercial
profit would be unethical. So problem comes how to share data
with protecting owner’s rights.
The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights
for digital media has become an important issue. Digital
watermarking to provides way to protect the Intellectual
property rights of publishers, artists, distributers and
photographers .Watermarking is used for providing a kind of
security for various type of data it may be image, audio, video,
etc.[2].
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section
III provides overview of Digital Watermarking, which Section
IV describes the Image Watermarking Techniques. Section V
describes Comparative Analysis which contains eighteen types
of analysis, Finally section VI concludes this paper.
2. Literature Review
Digital watermarking can be seen as a process to insert a secret
message or logo into the original media source by using signal
processing method. It provides a high level of security; as the
location of embedded information is secret, and the watermark
algorithm is also not public. Digital watermarks should be
difficult to remove or change without damaging the host signal.
Watermarking is used for various applications viz. copyright
protection,
broadcast
monitoring,
authentication,
fingerprinting.
Watermarking techniques can be classified in various ways.
Whether there is the need of the original image for watermark
extraction or detection, watermarking is classified to blind,
semi-blind and non-blind watermarking techniques. It can be
classified on the basis of visibility of watermark, whether
visible or invisible. On the basis of how the watermark be
embedded in the image; either by changing the pixels i.e.
spatial or by transformation domain. Which will be explained
below in the paper [1][2][3].
3. Digital Watermarking Overview
3.1 Watermarking Background
Image Watermarking is the technique of embedding of owner
copyright identification with the host image..at first it is used in
paper mills as paper mark of company . Then it is common in
practice up to 20th century. After that watermark also used in
the postage stamp and currency notes of any country to ensure
there authenticity .
3.2 Basic Model of Digital Image Watermarking
The basic model of digital image watermarking can be divide
into two parts; the first part is the watermark embedding
process and the second part is the watermark detection process
which shown in Figures below .[4]
Sumedh P. Ingale, IJECS Volume 4 Issue 2 February, 2015 Page No.10270-10275
Page 10270
The original image is transformed by using the concept of
Fresnel diffraction plane by distance parameter, and watermark
image is embedded after scrambled by chaotic sequence. The
watermark image can be retrieved without original image, and
there is little changes on the original image after embedding.
Chaotic scrambling can encrypt watermark information
Figure 1: Watermark Embedding
In Figure 1, which represents sender, we can see the
Watermark is embedded into the Cover Image with the Secret
Key that is used ensures the security of watermarking process.
The output of this step is the Watermarked Image.
Figure 2: Watermark Detection
In Figure 2, at the receiver side, the detector detects the
watermark from the Watermarked Image by using the Secret
Key to recover the Watermark [4].
4. Image Watermarking Techniques
Deepshikha Chopra, Preeti Gupta, Gaur Sanjay B.C., Anil
Gupta[8] in “Lsb Based Digital Image Watermarking For Gray
Scale Image” proposed an invisible watermarking technique
(least significant bit) and a visible watermarking technique
using LSB algorithm which replaces the least significant bits of
pixels selected to hide the information. They applied various
attacks on the watermarked image and their impact on quality
of images are measured using MSE and PSNR
Qing Liu,Jun Ying(2012) [9],has proposed ”Grayscale Image
Digital Watermarking Technology Based on Wavelet Analysis”
In this paper, firstly, original image is transformed by using the
DWT (Discrete wavelet transform) upto the 3-layers, means
apply 3 times ,so that image is divided into the different sub
band(LL,LH,HL and HH) and watermarked image is embedded
into the intermediate frequency sub band. Spread spectrum
technology is also used in this paper and blind watermarking
technique is used to extract the watermark. Spread spectrum
technology provides Secure communications because signal is
“hidden” like noise but it increases bandwidth of signal and
increases the complexity and also used blind detection
technique to extract the watermark is used.
Zhaoshan Wang, Shanxiang Lv,Yan Shna [10] in ”A Digital
Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Chaos and Fresnel
Transform has proposed, a digital image watermarking
algorithm based on chaos and Fresnel transform is proposed.
Fangjun Huang, Zhi-Hong Guan [11] “A hybrid SVD DCT
watermarking method based on LPSNR”. proposed, a
watermarking method which combines the singular value
decomposition (SVD) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT)
In which only the singular values (SVs) of the watermark need
to be embedded into the original image for more transparency
that can easily be obtained .They proposed method would be
quite robust., the local peak signal-to-noise ratio (LPSNR) is
adopted in our method to achieve the highest possible
robustness without losing the transparency.
Enping Li, Huaqing Liang, Xinxin Niu[12]. “Blind Image
Watermarking Scheme Based on Wavelet Tree Quantization
Robust to Geometric Attacks”, paper proposes an improved
blind image watermarking scheme based on wavelet tree
quantization. The wavelet coefficients of the original image are
grouped into wavelet super trees. Each watermark bit is
embedded using two wavelet super trees. The watermark is
extracted according to the statistical difference between two
wavelet super trees the proposed algorithm is robust to both
common image processing operations and geometric attacks
such as rotation, scaling, cropping.
Wang H. et al.[13] proposed a chaotic watermarking scheme
for authentication of JPEG images. The quantized DCT
coefficients after entropy decoding are mapped to the initial
values of the chaotic system, and then the generated watermark
information by chaotic iteration is embedded into JPEG
compressed domain. Re-quantization operation does not
invalidate tamper detection due to direct modification of DCT
coefficient after quantization. Extraction is also performed in
the compression domain. Extraction is fast and complexity of
method is claimed to be low
Tan Yuxi, Gao Zhinian,Yang Xiaoyuan,Tang Lei,Sun Peng,Li
Yu[14] in “A Rotation Resistant Image Watermarking
Algorithm via Circle” has proposed A rotation resistant image
watermarking algorithm to solve digital image watermarking
extracting when rotated with any angle. The algorithm firstly
do watermarking with binary serialization, and then divide the
source image into several circle area with the center point of
the image, segment the circle area according to length of the
binary watermarking sequences with certain rules, the binary
watermarking sequences embedded in segmentation of circle
with modulus algorithm. When watermarking is extracted,
corresponding inverse operation of embedded, firstly extracting
the binary watermarking sequences from every segmentation of
circle, then combined it into binary watermarking, recover the
embedded watermarking image. Experimental results show that
the algorithm has a good resistance to against rotation and
compression attack
Mohamed M. Ibrahim1, Neamat S. Abdel Kader 2, M.
Zorkany3, [15] in “A Robust Image Watermarking Technique
Based On Image Interlacing” proposed a effective non-blind
image watermarking for this problem of overhead of original
Sumedh P. Ingale, IJECS Volume 4 Issue 2 February, 2015 Page No.10270-10275
Page 10271
image overhead. The proposed method depends on using image
interlacing as a new way in the watermarking systems. The
performance of this method is compared with the ordinary nonblind watermarking technique over a wide number of images.
Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed
method and robustness against different attacks.
Dr.M.Mohamed Sathik and S.S.Sujatha[16] has proposed in
“An Improved Invisible Watermarking Technique for Image
Authentication”, a blind watermarking scheme. According to
which , the low frequency subband of wavelet domain and the
rescaled version of original image are utilized in the watermark
construction process. A scrambled version of watermark is
obtained with the help of Arnold Transform. The operation of
embedding and extraction of watermark is done in high
frequency domain of Discrete Wavelet Transform since small
modifications in this domain are not perceived by human eyes
Keta Raval, Sameena Zafar [17], ” Digital Watermarking with
Copyright Authentication for Image Communication”, Most
watermarking algorithms transform the host image and
embedding of the watermark information by robust way.
Uncompressed digital images need a lot storage capacity and
bandwidth so efficient image transmission need image
compression. The solution is becoming more complex with the
growth of data. They propose Digital Watermarking by
proposed transform Algorithm based on DCT-DWT
watermarking for secure image transmission.
Neeraj Bhargava, M.M. Sharma, Abhimanyu Singh Garhwal
and Manish Mathuria[18], “Digital Image Authentication
System Based on “Digital Watermarking” This research paper
introduces a prototype for Digital Image Authentication System
(DIAS). This system can perform visible and invisible
watermarking on image, which is applicable for color and gray
images. The complete system consists of two functions, one for
hiding information inside image and other for detecting
information from image. In this approach, digital watermarking
performed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and
analyzed its results
Dr.M.A. Dorairangaswamy[19], “Protecting Digital-Image
Copyrights: A Robust and Blind Watermarking Scheme”
proposed a The Digital Rights Management (DRM) the
proposed scheme is a robust and blind watermarking scheme
which can be used to for protect the copyrights of digital
images. By copyrights of the image by invisibly embedding a
binary watermark image into the host image. The proposed
scheme embeds binary watermark pixels into host image pixels
to construct the watermarked image. As the proposed
watermarking scheme is blind, we do not require the original
image or any of its characteristics for watermark extraction.
Mei Jiansheng, Li Sukang and Tan Xiaomei [20], “A Digital
Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT and DWT” in this
paper proposed an algorithm of digital watermarking based on
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet
Transform (DWT). According to the characters of human
vision, in this algorithm, the information of digital
watermarking which has been discrete Cosine transformed, is
put into the high frequency band of the image which has been
wavelet transformed. Then refine the digital watermarking with
the help of the original image and the watermarking image. The
simulation results show that this algorithm is invisible and has
good robustness for some common image processing
operations
Navnidhi Chaturvedi, Dr.S.J.Basha [21] “Comparison of
Digital Image watermarking Methods DWT & DWT-DCT on
the Basis of PSNR” , In this paper they have compared
watermarking using DWT & DWT-DCT methods performance
analysis on basis of PSNR, Similarity factor of watermark and
recovered watermark.
Yang, Xiuguang Li and Xiaoyuan[22], in “A blind
watermarking algorithm resisting to geometric transforms
based on SVD” proposed a watermarking algorithm to resist
the geometric transformation based on singular value
decomposition (SVD) logarithm polar coordinate is proposed.
The log-polar mapping (LPM) is used to resist rotation and
scaling attacks, and the odd-even quantization algorithm is
used to embed watermark. The algorithm show good resistant
to geometric attack and better robustness.
Mingli Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Changjun Zhou [23] In
“Robust Digital Image Watermarking in DWT-SVD”.
Proposed a novel robust image watermarking scheme based on
discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value
decomposition (SVD). In which singular values of the encrypt
watermark are embedded on the singular values of the
important inscribed circle domain of normalized cover image’s
DWT sub-bands. The experimental result of the proposed
method is good in imperceptibility, and the significant
improvement in robustness under geometrical attacks.
Chen Li, Cheng Yang, Wei Li [24] in “Wavelet Bases and
Decomposition Series in the Digital Image Watermarking”
analyzes and compares the performance of different wavelet
bases in the digital image watermarking and the effect of
different wavelet decomposition series for the digital image
watermarking embedding based on the application of wavelet
in the digital image watermarking. The experiments proved the
digital image watermarking embedding based on
bi-orthogonal wavelet better than others.
Xiong Shunqing, Zhou Weihong, and Zhao Yong [25] in” A
New Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on NSCT and
SVD” proposed an new algorithm of digital watermarking
based on combining the Non Sub Sampled Contourlet
Transform and SVD, they first applied the NSCT to the image
and extract the low-frequency sub-band of image, and then
decompose the low-frequency sub-band of image by SVD,
finally embed the watermarking in the decomposed singular
value. The experiment results show that the new algorithm has
good ability in standing up to geometric attacking, especially
rotation attacks.
5. Comparative Analysis
Title
[8]Lsb Based Digital Image
Watermarking For Gray
Scale Image
[9]Grayscale Image Digital
Watermarking Technology
Based on Wavelet Analysis
Sumedh P. Ingale, IJECS Volume 4 Issue 2 February, 2015 Page No.10270-10275
Author
Deepshikha
Chopra, Preeti
Gupta, Gaur Sanjay
B.C., Anil Gupta
Qing Liu,Jun Ying
Feature
LSB algorithm
DWT applied
upto 3 layers
Use
blind
watermarking
approach
Page 10272
[10]A Digital Image
Watermarking algorithm
Based on Chaos and
Fresnel Transform
[11]A hybrid SVD DCT
watermarking method
based on LPSNR
Zhaoshan Wang,
Shanxiang Lv,Yan
Shna
[12]Blind Image
Watermarking Scheme
Based on Wavelet Tree
Quantization Robust to
Geometric Attacks
Enping Li, Huaqing
Liang, Xinxin Niu.
,
Fangjun Huang,
Zhi-Hong Guan:
[13]Chaotic Watermarking
Scheme for Authentication
of JPEG Images
[14]A Rotation Resistant
Image Watermarking
Algorithm via Circle
Hongxia Wang, Ke
Ding, Changxing
Liao
Tan Yuxi, Gao
Zhinian,Yang
Xiaoyuan,Tang
Lei,Sun Peng,Li Yu
in
[15] A Robust Image
Watermarking Technique
Based On Image Interlacing
Mohamed M.
Ibrahim, Neamat S.
Abdel Kader , M.
Zorkany
[16] An Improved Invisible
Watermarking Technique
for Image Authentication
Dr.M.Mohamed
Sathik and
S.S.Sujatha has
proposed in
[17]DigitalWatermarking
with Copyright
Authentication for Image
Communication
Keta Raval,
Sameena Zafar
[18] Digital Image
Authentication System
Based on Digital
Watermarking
Neeraj Bhargava,
M.M. Sharma,
Abhimanyu Singh
Garhwal and
Manish Mathuria,
[19]Protecting DigitalImage Copyrights: A
Robust and Blind
Watermarking Scheme
[20]A Digital
Watermarking Algorithm
Based On DCT and DWT
Dr.M.A.
Dorairangaswamy
Mei Jiansheng, Li
Sukang and Tan
Xiaomei
[21] Comparison of Digital
Image watermarking
Methods DWT & DWTDCT on the Basis of PSNR
[21]Navnidhi
Chaturvedi,
Dr.S.J.Basha
[22] A blind watermarking
algorithm resisting to
geometric transforms based
on SVD
[22] Yang,
Xiuguang Li and
Xiaoyuan,
[23],Robust Digital Image
Watermarking in DWTSVD.
Mingli Zhang,
Qiang Zhang, and
Changjun Zhou
Based
on
Chaos
and
Fresnel
Transform
Achive
high
robustness
without losing
transparency
Bind
watermarking
robust to
common image
processing
operations and
geometric
attacks such as
rotation,
scaling,
cropping.
Fast extraction
and claims low
complexity
has a good
resistance
to
against rotation
and
compression
attack
robust against
different
attacks
Scrambled
watermark
using Arnold
transform
Robust agent
many attack
DCT-DWT
watermarking
for
secure
image
transmission
Proposed
prototype using
DWT
Robust
and
Blind
watermarking
scheme
Uses both DCT
DWT
and
result
show
good
robustness
against many
attack
Concluded that
DWT--DCT
method is best
technique for
level
one
watermark
embedding
Bind
robust
and
resist
rotation
robust to a
wide
range of
attacks,
especially
geometrical
[24] Wavelet Bases and
Decomposition Series in
the Digital Image
Watermarking
Chen Li, Cheng
Yang, Wei Li
[25] A New Digital
Watermarking Algorithm
Based on NSCT and SVD.
Xiong Shunqing,
Zhou Weihong,
Zhao Yong
Conclude that
biorthogonal
wavelet better
than
others
Good
imperceptebilty
Good
robustness
6. Conclusion
In this paper we studied the overview of digital watermarking
process. In this paper we studied various approaches used and
identified features of each of them, by this survey we can say
that the different approach is suitable for different uses .we also
noticed the that each approaches can designed to robust against'
specific types of attacks. In the end we presented the table of
some paper used for comparison and identified their features.
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Scale Image” IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering
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[10] Zhaoshan Wang, Shanxiang Lv,Yan Shna (2012)”A
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Author Profile
[14]Tan Yuxi, Gao Zhinian,Yang Xiaoyuan,Tang Lei,Sun
Peng,Li Yu in “A Rotation Resistant Image Watermarking
Algorithm via Circle”
[15] Mohamed M. Ibrahim, Neamat S. Abdel Kader , M.
Zorkany, in “A Robust Image Watermarking Technique Based
On Image Interlacing”
[16] Dr.M.Mohamed Sathik and S.S.Sujatha has proposed in
“An Improved Invisible Watermarking Technique for Image
Authentication”
Sumedh P. Ingale received the B.E. degree in Computer
Science and Engineering from Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj
College of Engineering, Shegaon, Sant Gadge Baba University
in 2012. Now pursuing M.E. from Prof.Ram Meghe Institute of
Technology & Research, Badnera-Amravati.
[17] Keta Raval, Sameena Zafar , “Digital Watermarking with
Copyright Authentication for Image Communication”
Sumedh P. Ingale, IJECS Volume 4 Issue 2 February, 2015 Page No.10270-10275
Page 10274
Dr.C.A.Dhote is a Professor at Prof.Ram Meghe Institute of
Technology & Research in Information Technology Dept.,
Badnera-Amravati. His educational qualification is M.S.,
Ph.D.,having experience of more than 27 years in the teaching
field.
Sumedh P. Ingale, IJECS Volume 4 Issue 2 February, 2015 Page No.10270-10275
Page 10275