What is an International
System?
The Way Power is Distributed
around the world!!
Which countries have
power & control?
There have been four IR Systems during the
20th Century?
What are the name of the four systems?
Which countries had the power in each system?
Pre- World War I System
European Imperialism- Dominance of Power by the European
Empires until 1914.
Balance of Power System- The Europeans will share power and
avoid fighting wars against each other for power!
European Colonies in the World!
Great Britain was the most powerful of all the European Empires.
This system comes to and end as the Europeans go to war with
each other during WWI & WWII!
2nd System is the destruction of Balance of
Power System- End of European Countries
as world powers !
It is a time of an unstable world, and European Empires destroy
each other and decrease their power in the world.
WWI- European Empires fight each other!
WWII- European Empires continue to
destroy each other!
The 3rd IR System the Cold War System.
After WWII, the United States and the Soviet Union are the two
hero’s of the war and are the two most powerful countries in the
World!
This Bi-polar world remains until 1990 & the collapse of the Soviet
Union!
We will focus on the Cold War & U.S.
Foreign Policy throughout the semester!
1945-1990- Cold War System, Bi- Polar System.
The Fourth System is just beginning….
The Collapse of the Soviet Union leaves only one “super power” in
the world- the United States.
Will it remain a Unipolar world, Bi Polar or Multipolar world?
Multipolar
BRIC Countries &
European Union
Arab League
How countries relate to each
other (foreign policy), within an
International System, is the
Study of International
Relations
How did countries interact with each other during the
Cold War or Present IR System? What were the Foreign
polices during these systems?
Which countries were friends? Which countries were our
enemy? Which countries went to war with each other?
Why did they go to war?
Countries relate to each other based on their Nation’s
Interests!!
What is foreign policy?
• The way a
country deals
with the
outside world!
• Type of Power,
diplomatic,
economic, or
military power!
Trade agreements use of
economic power!
• NAFTA
International Treaties use of
diplomatic power!
Wars & Conflicts use of
military power?
Tsunami relief pledges near $4
billion
Economic Power
Economic Sanctions use of
economic power.
WHAT IS FOREIGN POLICY BASED ON?
A COUNTRIES NATIONAL INTERESTS. The national interest,
(English: reason of the State), is a country’s goals and ambitions
whether economic, military, or cultural.
U.S. NATIONAL INTERESTS
•
Ensure U.S. allies survival
•
Prevent attack on U.S.- nuclear or any attack
•
Energy Policy- ensure the viability & stability of
global systems (supply of energy)
•
Rebuild U.S. & Muslim Relations
•
Establish productive relations, with China &
Russia.
President Bush did NOT give up
his sovereignty to invade Iraq!
Sovereignty-Supreme
Power or Authority
Surpranational-UN did NOT
support Iraq War!
Which branches create Foreign
Policy & National Interests?
And the Cabinet!!!
President picks cabinet members.
Senate approves appointments.
• Cabinet of
President George
Washington , 1793
(Term 1) State
Thomas Jefferson
Treasury Alexander
Hamilton War
Henry Knox
Attorney General
Edmund Jennings
Randolph
Foreign Policy Departments
• Who is the present
Secretary of State?
Defense?
•
Treasury Department
• Who is present Attorney General?
Newest Department!
• Who is the director of
Homeland Security?
• Who is the National
Security
Council/Advisor?
• Who is the director of
the CIA?
• Who is the U.S.
Ambassador to the
United Nations?
President George W. Bush
What major Foreign Policies and events occurred during President
Bush ‘s terms in office? Who were his cabinet secretaries and
advisors?
Bush Doctrine?
9/11 Attacks
Invasion of Iraq &
Afghanistan…
President Barak Hussein Obama
What major Foreign Policies and events occurred during President
Obama’s terms in office? Who were/are his cabinet secretaries and
advisors?
The Bush Doctrine?
Preemptive Military Action.
U.S. will act alone when necessary… Unilaterally
Which country did the President Bush implement his
preemptive security strategy?