Emergency Care
Chapter Eight – Injuries to Muscles, Bones, and Joints
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Muscles - ___________________________________________________________________________
Three types of muscle –
1. ___________________ - attached to bones, produces body movement
2. ___________________ - lines blood vessels, digestive tract, organs
3. ___________________ -found in heart, produces rhythmic contractions
Tendon - _________________________________________________________________________
Bones - _____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Growth Plates - ____________________________________________________________________
Osteoporosis - _____________________________________________________________________
Joints - _____________________________________________________________________________
Ligaments - ______________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Chapter Eight – Injuries to Muscles, Bones, and Joints
Emergency Care
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Types of Injuries
Fractures - A complete or partial break or a chip in a bone cause be a fall, blunt force, or twisting.
 Open (Compound) Fracture
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
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 Closed (Simple) Fracture
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_________________________________________________________________

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Dislocations - ________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Sprains - ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Strains - ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Signs of Serious Injury
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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7.
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Call 9-1-1 if 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
There is obvious deformity
There is moderate to severe swelling and discoloration
A snap or pop was heard or felt at the time of injury
It is an open fracture
The person cannot move or use the effected part normally
The area is cold and numb
It involves the head, neck, or spine
The person has trouble breathing
It is not possible to safely or comfortably move the person to a vehicle for transport to a hospital
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Chapter Eight – Injuries to Muscles, Bones, and Joints
Emergency Care
-3-
R.I.C.E.
R - ______________________________________________________________________________
I - ______________________________________________________________________________
C - ______________________________________________________________________________
E - ______________________________________________________________________________
Splinting Injuries
 The purpose of immobilizing an injury is to –
 Lessen pain
 Prevent further damage
 Reduce the risk of serious bleeding or loss of circulation
 Prevent closed fractures from becoming open fractures
Principles of Splinting
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________
Types of Splints
 Anatomic Splint
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 Soft Splint
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 Rigid Splint
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 The ground
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Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Chapter Eight – Injuries to Muscles, Bones, and Joints
Emergency Care
-4-
Head, Neck, and back Injuries
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Head Injuries
 Injuries to the head can rupture blood vessels in the brain.
 Pressure builds and can cause further damage
 Most common type- _______________________________________________________
 Signals of head injuries:
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
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Spine Injuries
 The spine is a strong, flexible column of 33 vertebrae separated by disks.
 The spinal cord is a column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the
spinal column.
 Injuries to the neck or back can fracture vertebrae, tear ligaments, and cut or squeeze the
spinal cord causing paralysis.
When to suspect a head, neck, or back injury 1.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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7.
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8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Chapter Eight – Injuries to Muscles, Bones, and Joints
Emergency Care
-5-
Care for Head, Neck, and Back Injuries
 Call 9-1-1

_______________________________________________________________________
 Hold the person in the position you find them

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
 Do not remove a helmet if one is present
Concussion
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Signs & Symptoms
 ________________________________________________________________________
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Chest Injuries
 A person with a broken rib will take small shallow breaths and experience discomfort by
the injured area

_______________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
Pelvic Injuries
 The pelvis surrounds important organs inside the body as well as the lower spine
 Call 9-1-1
 ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website