Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
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The EMS system _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Lay Responder __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
First aid is care given to a victim of an injury or sudden illness until more advance
medical care can come.
EMS Dispatcher ________________________________________________________ _
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
First Responder _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Emergency Medical Technician ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Hospital – takes over care once the victim arrives.
Rehabilitation - _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Your Role in the EMS System –
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
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Step 1: Recognizing an Emergency
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
Step 2: Deciding to Act
Barries to Action - _______________________________________________________
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________
The Good Samaritan Law usually gives legal protection to people who willingly provide
care to an ill or injured person. The laws protect citizens who act the way a “reasonable
and prudent person” would if that person were in the same situation. These laws were
developed to encourage lay responders to help in emergency situations.
Disease Transmission
_____________________ - spread from one person to another when germs enter the
body and cause illness.
____________________- can live outside the body and do not need other organisms for
life. These are often treated with antibiotics.
____________________- depend on other organisms to live. There are few medications
for treatment.
___________________- germs from another person’s body fluids pass directly into your
body through breaks in the skin or mucus membranes
___________________ - germs pass through shared objects like spoons, doorknobs and
pencils which have been exposed to infected droplets.
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-3-
In order to get a disease the following conditions must be present –
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
Preventing Disease Transmission
Standard Precautions - ___________________________________________________
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________ __________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________ ___
8. _____________________________________________________________ __
9. Tell EMS or your doctor if you have come in contact with a person’s body
fluids.
Cleaning Up Blood Spills
 Clean up the spill immediately or as soon as possible after it occurs.
 Use disposable gloves and other PPE when cleaning.
 Wipe up the spill with paper towels.
 After the area has been wiped up, flood the area with a disinfectant – 1 ½ cups
bleach to 1 gallon of water.
 Dispose and label “biohazard”
Step 3: Activate the EMS System
Often times, the most important step you can take in an emergency is calling 9-1-1 and
activating the EMS system.
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-4-
Step 4: Give Care Until Help Arrives
Consent - _______________________________________________________________
In order to gain consent, you must tell a victim _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Expressed consent - when a conscious person who understands your questions and what
you plan to do gives you permission to give care.
If the victim is an infant or child, get permission from the parent or guardian.
If the person refuses care do not help them!
While you should not provide care to someone who refuses your help you can always
______________________________________________________________________ .
Implied consent - ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Consent is implied when –
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. ________ _________________________________________________________
3. _______ __________________________________________________________
In general, you should give care to an ill or injured person until 1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-5-
Taking Action - Emergency Action Steps
In case of an emergency, the basic steps are –
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Checking the Scene – Questions you should ask yourself.
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Four life threatening conditions are –
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Call for help. You should call for help when –
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Call first for Cardiac Emergencies
 _____________________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-6-
Care first for Respiratory Emergencies
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Calling Emergency Personnel
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Care – General Guidelines When Caring for a Victim
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
Get bystanders to help by –
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-7-
Transporting a Victim
Never transport a person if –
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
If you take a person to the hospital –
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
Why would you move a victim?
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________
Types of Emergency Moves
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-8-
Conscious Ill or Injured Person –
Step One - Interview the Victim and Bystanders
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________
Write down the information and give it to EMS personnel when they arrive.
Step Two - Do a Head to Toe Check of the Victim
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________
Checking an Ill or Injured Infant of Child - What You May Do Differently
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
-9-
Shock
Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to circulate oxygen rich blood
to all parts of the body.
The three vital organs are - _________________________________________________
Three conditions must be present for adequate blood flow –
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Signs & Symptoms of Shock
1.
___________________________________________________________
2.
___________________________________________________________
3.
___________________________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________________________
5.
___________________________________________________________
6.
___________________________________________________________
Care for Shock
1.
___________________________________________________________
2.
___________________________________________________________
3.
___________________________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________________________
5.
___________________________________________________________
6.
____________________________________________________________
7.
____________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
- 10 -
Checking an Unconscious Person
If you think someone is unconscious  ____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________
If they do not respond, CALL 9-1-1
Signs of Life (SOL)
Consciousness, normal breathing and circulation, and skin characteristics are referred to
as signs of life.
Checking an Unconscious Person –
A = __________________________________________________________________
B = __________________________________________________________________
C = __________________________________________________________________
Technique for opening the airway is called________________________________ ____ .
You check for breathing by __ ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Agonal breath is irregular, gasping or shallow. Someone with agonal breath should be
treated like a non-breathing victim.
If a victim is not breathing Adult - ____________________________________________________________
Child - ____________________________________________________________
Infant - ____________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
- 11 -
Special Situations
Air in the Stomach
 __________________________________________________________________
 Air in the stomach can cause the victim to vomit.
Vomiting
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
Mouth to Nose Breathing
 __________________________________________________________________
 If possible, open the victim’s mouth between rescue breaths to let air out.
Mouth to Stoma Breathing
 Expose the person’s neck
 __________________________________________________________________
 If the tube is blocked, remove the inner tube
 If the victim is a partial breather, you must seal the mouth and nose
Head, Neck, and Spinal Injuries
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
H.A.IN.E.S. Recovery Position - H.A.IN.E.S. stands for High Arm IN Endangered Spine.
It should be used when a victim has vomited, has fluids blocking the airway, or if you
must leave the victim.
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website
Emergency Care
Chapter One – Before Giving Care and Checking an Ill or Injured Person
- 12 -
Incident Stress - After responding to an emergency it is not uncommon for the rescuer to
be unable to cope with the stress of the situation. IF not appropriately managed, this
stress can lead to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Signals of Incident Stress
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
Guidelines for Coping with Incident Stress
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
Chapter notes can be found on Mrs. Kathleen Kelley’s Emergency Care Website