Chapter 4
Parkinson’s disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to
Dopamine neurons in the basal ganglia
In addition to neurons, the brain contains an even larger number of another cell
type known as
gila
Drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems in two main ways: either by altering the
availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse, or by
Acting directly on the receptors
Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and
other opium-derived drugs are called
endorphins
Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the mesolimbic
dopamine system
false
The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic
nervous system is
norepinephrine
Which chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic
behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs
Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
Unlike neurons, glial cells in the brain are purely for support and are incapable of
communicating with each other
False
Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on
The type of receptor
The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into
neurotransmitter molecules is called
Synthesis
Specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and when
activated cause a change in the electrical activity of the neuron are called
receptors
The antipsychotic drug haloperidol (Haldol) works by
Blocking dopamine receptors
MRI and PET are two types of neurotransmitter chemicals
false
Which of these is not one of the four important regions found in every neuron
gila
Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons
are called the
synapse
Drug molecules must be somewhat lipophilic (soluble in oil) in order to
Readily cross the blood-brain barrier
Weight control, aggression, impulsivity, and psychological depression have all been
associated
Serotonin pathways
Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the
Brain stem
Parkinson’s disease is caused by damage to serotonin neurons in the raphe nuclei
false
Many neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the
type of receptor
true