OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013
JAPAN HIGHLIGHTS
 From 2008 to 2011, Japan lost around 1.4 million jobs, which was the largest absolute number
in the OECD following the United States and Spain.
 Japan is the world’s third largest manufacturing economy and the world’s fourth largest exporter
of manufacturing goods, although its share has sharply decreased over the past decade.
 Japan has also lost some ground in terms of R&D performance, with China becoming the
second largest R&D performer after the United States, although it still has one of the highest
R&D intensities in business (2.6% of GDP in 2011), almost entirely funded by business itself.
 Despite a large volume of scientific production, the “quality” of research in Japan is below most
OECD countries as measured by top-cited publications. Japan has a low share of internationally
mobile researchers, making it among the least connected economies in the OECD.
 Japan faces important challenges for future innovation-driven growth, notably that of “opening
Japan” so that it can better exploit the gains from international collaboration and partnerships.
 Young and dynamic firms are an important source of job creation and innovation. A key
challenge for Japan is to create the environment for new firms to enter the market and grow.
Figure 1. Where people lost their jobs, 2008-11
Relative contribution to change in total employment by major sectors of economic activity
%
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Mining, manufacturing and utilities
Construction
Wholesale, retail, hotels, food services and transport
Information and communication
Finance, insurance and real estate activities
Professional, scientific, technical and other business services
Public administration, education, health and other services
125
0
81
12
21
558
5
16
20
295
110
14
3
27
31
34
41
4,679
100
Gains, thousands
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-75
Losses,
thousands
-100
-125
125
%
-419
-2,204
-292
-307
-6,453
-59
-162
-167
-1,707
-627
-69
-15
-85
-70
-73
-82
-13,805
212
491
636
180
56
109
661
146
448
971
102
1,025
577
174
231
21
4,679
-73
-366
-63
-153
-305
-29
-209
-60
-8
-8
100
Gains, thousands
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-75
-100
-384
-766
-960
-215
-45
Losses,
thousands
-1
-13,805
-125
Statlink 2 :
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities or third party. The use of such data by
the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of
international law.
Last updated: October 2013
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure 2. Jobs in the business sector sustained by foreign final demand, 1995 and 2008
As a percentage of total business sector employment
Statlink 2
Figure 3. Top manufacturers, 1990, 2000 and 2011
Percentage share of total world manufacturing value added
Statlink 2
Figure 4. Top 20 exporters of manufactured goods, in gross and value added terms, 2009
Percentage shares of total world manufacturing goods
%
Gross exports
Value added
16
12
8
4
0
Statlink 2
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure 5. Business R&D intensity and government support to business R&D, 2011
As a percentage of GDP
Volume of tax support to business R&D, 2011 (million USD PPP)
No incentive No data available
No incentive
USD 75 millionUSD 75 million
USD USD
2 5002million
500 million
USD
250 million
USD 250
million
3.5
KOR
ISR
3.0
JPN
FIN
BERD, as % of GDP
2.5
SWE
CHE
USA
DNK
AUT
2.0
DEU
SVN
FRA
EST
1.5
BEL
AUS
GBR IRL NLD
LUX
CHN
CAN
1.0
NOR
PRT
ITA
ESP
CZE
HUN
RUS
NZL
0.5
SVK
CHL
MEX
0.0
0.00
ZAF
BRA
TUR
POL
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
Total government support (direct and tax) to business R&D, as % of GDP
Statlink 2:
Figure 6. IP bundle of top 20 applicants, 2010-12
Statlink 2:
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure 7. Main sources of scientific documents cited in patents, selected technology areas, 2001-11
(selected countries)
As a percentage of scientific documents cited, by technology area
Biotechnology
Health
Nanotechnology
ICT
Environment
USA
JPN
DEU
GBR
FRA
CHN
KOR
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Statlink 2:
45
%
Figure 8. The quantity and quality of scientific production, 2003-11 (selected countries)
Number of documents and percentage of world's top-cited
Number of publications, thousands (left axis)
Percentage of top cited publications (right axis)
%
4 260 2 013
2 000
20
1 500
15
1 000
10
500
5
0
0
Statlink 2:
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure. 9. The impact of scientific production and the extent of international scientific collaboration,
2003-11
Normalised Impact
2.0
Number of articles
BRIICS
North America
EU
Other OECD members
50 000 articles
1.8
ISL
100 000 articles
DNK
NLD
500 000 articles
CHE
1.6
SWE BEL
GBR
USA
NOR
CAN
FIN
AUS
1.4
IRL AUT
NZL
EST
ISRDEU
FRA
ITA
1.2
ESP
PRT
ZAF
GRC
1.0
KOR
JPN
HUN
0.8
CHN
MEX
BRA
IDN
CHL
SVN
CZE
TUR
LUX
SVK
POL
IND
0.6
RUS
0.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
International collaboration among institutions (%)
Statlink 2:
Figure 10. Firms engaged in international collaboration by firm size, 2008-10
As a percentage of product and/or process innovative firms in each size category
%
Large firms
SMEs
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Statlink 2:
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure 11. International mobility of scientific authors, 1996-2011
As a percentage of authors with two or more publications, by last reported affiliation
%
New inflows
Returnees
Stayers
40
100
30
20
10
0
Statlink 2:
Figure 12. Impact of scientific authors, by category of mobility (selected economies), 1996-2011
Based on the median source-normalized impact per paper (SNIP)
Stayers
Returnees
New inflows
Impact factor
1.5
1.0
0.5
Statlink 2:
Outflows
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure 13. Average size of firms aged less than 3 years old and 11 years old or more, by sector, 2001-10
Reference cohorts 2001, 2004 and 2007
Statlink 2:
Figure 14. Venture capital investment (selected countries), 2012
As a percentage of GDP
Early stage
Later stage
Breakdown not available
%
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Statlink 2:
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Japan
Figure 15. Tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures, 2013 (selected countries)
1-B index, by firm size and profit scenario
1-B index
0.7
Large, profitable firm
SME, profitable firm
Large, loss-making firm
SME, loss-making firm
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
Statlink 2:
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