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Life Science
Final Exam Study Guide for Cells and Heredity
Vocabulary:
Cell
Cell Theory
Hypothesis
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Inference
Biotic (living)
Abiotic(non-living)
Qualitative Observation
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Organelle
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Unicellular
Quantitative Observation
Osmosis
Active Transport
Diffusion
Enzyme
Photosynthesis
Autotroph
Hetertroph
Chlorophyll
Multicellular
Trait
Purebred
Hybrid
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
Acquired trait
Cellular Respiration
Gene
DNA
Mutation
Evolution
Natural Selection
Adaptation
Homologous structure
Fossil
Inherited trait
General Questions:
Ch 1:
1-
Compare a plant and an animal cell. What are two cell parts that a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn’t. What is
the function of these parts and why are they necessary to the plant cells survival? Why don’t animal cells need these
cell parts?
2-
According to the cell theory, why is a stuffed animal not considered a living thing? Give three reasons to support your
answer and explain.
3-
If the chloroplasts in a plant were to stop working what short term effect would this have on the plant? What long term
effect would this have on the plant? Explain and give evidence to support your answer.
4-
Suppose a volcano threw so much ash into the air that it blocked out much of the sunlight. How might this event
affect the abilities of animals to obtain energy to live?
5-
In their lifetime, two guinea pigs, they produced 40 white pups and 40 black pups. On a separate paper, make a
Punnett square and find the likely genotypes of these parents. Explain the process of how you got this answer.
6-
These letters represent one half of the nitrogen bases on a strand of DNA: GGCTATCCA. What letters would form the
other strand of the helix? Explain your reasoning.
7-
A scientist has a sample of DNA which has 15% Thymine and 35% Cytosine. What are the percentages of Adenine
and Guanine which would be in the DNA? Explain your reasoning.
8-
Colorblindness is a recessive trait. Mary and her mother are both colorblind; is Mary’s father colorblind? How do you
know?
9-
A man has sickle cell disease; his wife does not have sickle cell disease but is heterozygous for the sickle cell trait. Use
the parent’s information to fill in the Punnett square. What is the probability that their child will have sickle cell
disease?
B= dominant,
b= recessive
Ch 2:
Ch 3:
Ch 4:
Ch 5:
Ch 6:
10- Insects and birds both have wings. What kinds of evidence might show whether or not insects and birds are closely
related?
11- What is one factor that affects natural selection? Give an example.
This outline is a guide to review the material we covered in our Cells & Heredity textbook. It is suggested that you use the lesson
review pages (listed at the end of each chapter) to review the main ideas.
Book 1: Cells & Heredity
Ch 1: Introduction to Cells
1.
Discovering Cells: p 4-10 (cell, microscope, cell theory)
2.
Looking Inside Cells: p 12-19 (cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, organelle, ribosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast,
unicellular, multicellular, tissue, organ, organ system)
3.
Chemical Compounds in Cells: p 22-26 (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, enzyme, nucleic acid, DNA, double helix)
4.
The Cell in its Environment: p 28-33 (passive transport, diffusion, osmosis, active transport)
Ch 2: Cell Processes & Energy
1.
Photosynthesis: p 44-46 (photosynthesis, autotroph, heterotroph, chlorophyll)
2.
Cellular Respiration: p 50-55
Ch 3: Genetics: The Science of Heredity
1.
What is Heredity: p 74-79 (heredity, trait, fertilization, genetics, purebred, gene, allele, dominant, recessive, hybrid)
2.
Probability & Heredity: p 80-85 (probability, Punnett square, phenotype, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous)
3.
Chromosomes & Inheritance: p 92-93
Ch 4: DNA: The Code of Life
1.
The Genetic Code: p 108-110 (nitrogen bases, DNA replication)
Ch 6: Change Over Time
1.
Darwin’s Theory: p 166-175 (species, fossil, adaptation, evolution, scientific theory, natural selection, variation)
2.
Evidence of Evolution: p 176-179 (homologous structures)
3.
Rate of Change: p 180-183
Scientific Method:
1.
Experimental Design: (variable, experimental group, control group, independent variable and dependent variable)
2.
Scientific Investigation: (quantitative observation, qualitative observation. Inference, hypothesis)
3.
Tools of Science: (microscope- parts and magnification, graduated cylinder-reading and measuring)