Lesson Plan
Course Title: Engineering Design and Presentation
Session Title: Basic Drafting Facts and Tools
Performance Objective:
Upon completion of this lesson/assignment, the student will be able to complete the “ABC”
Brainstorming for Drafting Facts and Tools worksheet; and, explain, in their own words, exactly
what they have learned from this lesson by writing 2-3 paragraphs.
Specific Objectives: Students will be able to:
 Explain the difference between sketching and drafting
 Identify the 6 views drawn
 Explain why we only draw 3 views and identify what those views are
 Explain the difference between oblique and isometric pictorial drawings
 Identify the different angles of an oblique and isometric pictorial drawing
 Identify and draw the basic line types
 Identify the different drafting tools
 Explain the uses of the different drafting tools
 Explain by giving at least one example or reason why they need to know what the tools
are and how to use them properly
 Complete the ABC Brainstorming worksheet by filling in every square with something
they have learned in the lesson like the example given, including a fact and a visual
reminder or representation.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Engineering Design and Presentation:

130.365 (c)(1)(E)
...identify and use appropriate work habits;

130.365 (c)(3)(A)(B)
...use time-management techniques to develop and maintain work schedules and meet
deadlines;
...complete work according to established criteria;

130.365 (c)(4)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)(G)
...master relevant safety tests;
...follow safety guidelines as described in various manuals, instructions, and regulations;
...identify and classify hazardous materials and wastes according to Occupational Safety
and Health Administration regulations;
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...dispose of hazardous materials and wastes appropriately;
...perform maintenance on selected tools, equipment, and machines;
...handle and store tools and materials correctly;
...describe the results of negligent or improper maintenance.

130.365 (c)(7)(B)
...use tools, laboratory equipment, and precision measuring instruments to develop
prototypes;
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
English:

110.44 (b)(6)(B)(E)
...rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative
language, connotation and denotation of words, analogies, idioms, and technical
vocabulary;
...use reference material such as glossary, dictionary, thesaurus, and available
technology to determine precise meanings and usage;

110.44 (b)(7)(E)(F) (G)
...analyze text structures such as compare/contrast, cause/effect, and chronological
ordering for how they influence understanding;
...produce summaries of texts by identifying main ideas and their supporting details;
...draw inferences such as conclusions, generalizations, and predictions and support
them with text evidence and experience;
110.44 (b)(10)(B)
..use elements of text to defend, clarify, and negotiate responses and interpretations;
Geometry:

111.34 (b)(4)(A)
...select an appropriate representation (concrete, pictorial, graphical, verbal, or symbolic)
in order to solve problems;

111.34 (b)(5)(A)(B)(C)(D)
...use numeric and geometric patterns to develop algebraic expressions representing
geometric properties;
...use numeric and geometric patterns to make generalizations about geometric
properties, including properties of polygons, ratios in similar figures and solids, and
angle relationships in polygons and circles;
...use properties of transformations and their compositions to make connections between
mathematics and the real world, such as tessellations;
...identify and apply patterns from right triangles to solve meaningful problems, including
special right triangles (45-45-90 and 30-60-90) and triangles whose sides are
Pythagorean triples;
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2

111.34 (b)(6)(B)(C)
...use nets to represent and construct three-dimensional geometric figures;
...use orthographic and isometric views of three-dimensional geometric figures to
represent and construct three-dimensional geometric figures and solve problems;

111.34 (b)(11)(A)
...use and extend similarity properties and transformations to explore and justify
conjectures about geometric figures.
Social Studies:

113.33 (c)(WH23)(A)
...give examples of major mathematical and scientific discoveries and technological
innovations that occurred at different periods in history and describe the changes
produced by these discoveries and innovations;

113.33 (c)(WH26)(C)
...interpret and create databases, research outlines, bibliographies, and visuals including
graphs, charts, timelines, and maps;

113.32 (c)(US23)(A)
...analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations, including those in
transportation and communication, have changed the standard of living in the United
States;
Teacher Preparation: Read through the PowerPoint provided and complete an ABC
Brainstorming worksheet to use as an example to show the students.
References: Texas approved publishers are:
 Goodheart-Willcox
 Delmar Learning
 Prentice Hall
 All have companion workbooks with more problems. Recommend using one of
these or any other approved textbook, i.e., if you teach ATC or TechPrep and
must teach using local college textbook.
 Also “Google” and you can find tons of information on these subjects!
Instructional Aids:
1. Drafting Facts & Tools PowerPoint slides
2. ABC Brainstorming for Drafting Facts & Tools Worksheet
3. Drafting Test*
4. Text Key
*Test can be given the following day to see what they learned. Allow students to use the ABC
worksheet.
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Materials Needed:
1. One (1) ABC Brainstorming worksheet for each student
2. One (1) class set of PowerPoint slides printed out for students to use
3. Writing utensils for students who don’t have any
4. Handout – Review Questions
5. Copy of test for each student
Equipment Needed:
1. Data projector for PowerPoint
Learner Preparation:
1. Ideally, the teacher would have completed a career unit with students over possible
careers in this field.
2. History of drafting unit can be completed prior to or after. Recommend having students
come up with timelines or PowerPoint presentations over what they learn, working in
teams of 2 or more students.
3. This is an introduction to drafting for students. This would be one of the first lessons
teachers would cover with students on the subject of drafting.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
SAY: Today we’re going to learn about some basic drafting facts and drafting tools and their
uses.
ASK: What do you think the difference is between sketching and drafting?
SAY & SHOW: The difference is sketching uses just a hand and a pencil. Drafting uses a tool,
like a triangle to draw a straight line.
ASK: How many sides do you think every object has?
SAY & SHOW: Every object has 6 sides, even if they all look the same.
SHOW: A ball and explain “yes”, it has 6 sides, they’re all the same.
SHOW: A toy car and explain which side is what.
SAY: We only draw 3 sides, the top, front, and right sides because the back is just the mirror
image of the front (usually)
SAY: We draw two simple pictorials, they are obliques and isometrics.
ASK: Which oblique looks most realistic and why do they think it does? (Cavalier)
ASK: At what angle do we draw isometrics? (30)
SAY: There are 5 basic line types we draw 90% of the time.
SAY: There is the Object/Visible which is a thick, solid, line used to show the object and make it
stand out. The only darker line is the border.
SAY: There is the Hidden which is not so thick, dashed, shows inside parts like cut outs, holes,
etc.
SAY: There is the Center line that is same thickness as hidden, but is long short long dashed. It
shows the center of object or something like a hole, etc.
SAY: There is the Dimensions which shows measurement or size that ends with either a slash
or arrow.
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SAY: Finally there is the Projection, or Construction, which is very light and used to help you
construct the drawing, and then you go back and darken it in.
SAY and SHOW: Now let’s go over tools. Use the PowerPoint and explain as you go and
show.
SAY: Now let’s summarize why you need to know these tools and how to use them.
SAY: An example of this is you simply don’t always have the luxury of drawing on the computer.
Maybe you are at dinner with a customer and they have a design change. Maybe you are at a
job site and have to correct water lines. There may be more examples you can think of.
ASK: Why do you think you need to know this?
SAY: Now based upon what you have learned today, complete the ABC Brainstorming
worksheet. Each square must be filled and have a fact and a visual example.
SAY: You will be allowed to use this worksheet on the test coming up.
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in
conjunction with the following outline.
MI
Outline
Notes to Instructor
Explain that sketching
I. Explain the difference between sketching and
is just hand and pencil.
drafting.
A. Sketching – hand & pencil
Show them your hand
B. Drafting – hand & tool & pencil
and a pencil when
explaining.
.
Now use a triangle and
draw a straight line
with it, explaining now
you are drafting.
II. Identify the 6 views drawn.
A. Top
B. Bottom
C. Front
D. Back
E. Right Side
F. Left Side
III. Explain why we only draw 3 views and identify
what those are.
A. Top
B. Front
C. Right Side
We draw 6 views.
They are the Top,
Bottom, Front, Back,
Right, and Left Sides.
Show students a block
or examples that have
6 views as you are
explaining this.
We only draw the Top,
Front, and Right Side!
For example, we only
draw these 3 views
because it’s redundant
to draw the back, since
it’s just a mirror image
of the front, usually
(and so on).
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IV. Explain the difference between Oblique and
Isometric pictorial drawings.
Ask students which
one is more realistic
looking? (Isometric)
V. Identify the different angle of oblique and isometric
pictorial drawings.
A. Obliques - 450
B. Isometrics - 300
Obliques are drawn at
450 angle.
VI. Identify the basic line types and be able to draw
them.
A. Object/Visible
B. Hidden
C. Center
D. Dimension
E. Projection/Construction
Object/Visible a solid,
dark, thick line.
Isometrics are drawn
at 300 angle.
Hidden a lighter,
dashed line.
Center long short long
line, used for center of
holes, etc.
Dimension line that
has arch slash or
arrow and has a
dimension or
measurement so you
know what size it is
VII. Identify the different drafting tools.
A. Drafting Arm
B. T Square
C. Parallel Bar
D. Ellipse Template
E. Circle Templates
F. Mechanical Pencils
G. Compass
H. Triangles
I. Drafting Scales
J. Auto CAD
Projection (also
Construction). They
are light solid line that
line up views, etc.
Refer to the Power
Point - too many to list
here. The teacher
knows the uses of
these or can look them
up easily if unsure.
Recommend teacher
practices using one
before explaining it to
students.
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K. Many Others
VIII. Explain the uses of the different drafting tools.
See previous notes.
IX. Explain by giving at least one example or reason
why students need to know what the tools are
and how to use them properly.
A. Working at job site and need to make
correction to a water line.
B. Many more examples.
Many examples and
reasons such as:
Working at job site and
need to make
correction to a water
line.
Customer eating
dinner and wants to
make changes.
Need to explain to
your mechanic what
broke in your car.
X. Complete the ABC Brainstorming Worksheet by
filling in every square with something you have
learned in the lesson like the example given.
A. It should have a fact and a visual reminder
or representation.
B. It is the official evaluation tool for the
lesson.
If this is a new concept
for you or your
students…. Look up
CRISS. It is one of
their strategies that
works great in
classroom with
students and makes
them responsible for
their own notes and
review.
Recommend teacher
makes an example to
show to students, but
make sure they do not
copy yours.
Copy and paste Multiple Intelligences Graphic in appropriate place in left column.
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Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
The teacher must explain the PowerPoint during the lesson. Do NOT just read it or let kids read
it. Explain and give personal examples as you go. When students start the ABC worksheet,
make sure you monitor to ensure they don’t just copy yours or each others’.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Work on the ABC worksheets independently.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Q: What is the difference between sketching and drafting?
A: Sketching = hand and drafting = tools
Q: How many of the 6 views do we draw and what are they?
A: 3 the top, front, and right side
Q: At what angle are obliques drawn?
A: 45
Q: Why are cavalier obliques depth halved?
A: So look more realistic
Q: What angle are isometrics drawn at?
A: 30
Q: Name the 5 basic line types and be able to identify them when shown an example.
A: Visible, Hidden, Center, Dimension, and Projection/Construction
Q: Show the different tools and have students identify them.
A: Make sure to pick different students. (For example, maybe they can sit only when they’ve
answered a question.)
Q: How does ABC Brainstorming worksheet work?
A: For every square or letter you must list something you learned and draw a visual reminder of
that. Every square must be filled. You must answer in your own words the writing prompt on
the back because you haven’t learned something until you can explain it in writing.
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Make sure every student answers a question. Walk around the room and monitor the students
as they work on the ABC worksheet so they don’t just copy answers. It needs to be what works
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8
for them and what they’ll remember.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Complete the ABC worksheet and grade it making sure they filled in all the blanks, have visuals,
and answered the writing prompt by explaining in 2-3 paragraphs what they think drafting is, the
use of tools, and what they learned in today’s lecture.
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
Research and report about the history of drafting.
Take the Drafting test.
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Basic Drafting Facts and Tools
Review Questions
1. What is the difference between sketching and drafting?
2. How many of the 6 views do we draw and what are they?
3. At what angle are obliques drawn?
4. Why are cavalier obliques depth halved?
5. At what angle are isometrics drawn?
6. Name the 5 basic line types and be able to identify them when shown an
example.
7. Show the different tools and have students identify them.
8. How does ABC Brainstorming worksheet work?
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Basic Drafting Facts and Tools
Review Questions and Answers
1. What is the difference between sketching and drafting?
Answer: Sketching = hand and drafting = tools
2. How many of the 6 views do we draw, and what are they?
Answer: 3 the top, front, and right side
3. At what angle are obliques drawn?
Answer: 45
4. Why are cavalier obliques depth halved?
Answer: To look more realistic
5. At what angle are isometrics drawn?
Answer: 30
6. Name the 5 basic line types and be able to identify them when shown an
example.
Answer: Visible, Hidden, Center, Dimension, and Projection/Construction
7. Show the different tools and have students identify them.
Answer: Make sure to pick different students. Maybe they can only sit when
they’ve answered a question.
8. How does ABC Brainstorming worksheet work?
Answer: For every square or letter you must list something you learned and
draw a visual reminder of that. Every square must be filled. You must answer, in
your own words, the writing prompt on the back because you haven’t learned
something until you can explain it in writing.
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Name: __________________________________________ Date:________________
Class: __________________________________________ Score: _________/100pts
Drafting Test
Matching
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
_____1.
#89
_____2.
#93
_____3.
#88
_____4.
#92
_____5.
#91
_____6.
#90
Compass
Dividers
Pencil
Scale
T-Square
20/40 Triangle
30/60 Triangle
30 Triangle
45 Triangle
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12
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
_____7.
Why do we draw the projection/construction lines lightly?
A. Makes harder to erase
B. We don’t
C. Does not matter
D. Easier to erase mistakes
_____8.
When you sketch you use what two (2) tools?
A. Pen and Hand
B. Pencil and Ruler
C. Pencil and Hand
D. None of these
_____9.
This is the line that shows where the middle of something is, which line type is it?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Visible
Projection
Center
Border
_____10.
Why is neat text so important?
A. None of these
B. Doesn’t matter
C. So that anyone can read and understand it
D. To waste time
_____11.
Every object has __________ sides that you could draw.
A. 6
B. 8
C. 4
D. 2
_____12.
This is the darkest line you draw, which line type is it?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Border
Center
Visible
Center
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_____13.
Who were the first people to draw multiviews and obliques or isometrics?
A. Europeans
B. None of these
C. Egyptians
D. Texans
_____14.
Why do we draw 2 dimensionally?
A. None of these
B. To explain to the customer what it is
C. So the item can be built
_____15.
Drafting is very much like ___________________________.
A. Connect the dots
B. None of these
C. Free hand drawing
_____16.
Correctly label this type of 2D drawing.
A.
B.
C.
D.
DIOblique
OBLique
ISOmetric
DIOmetric
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_____17.
Correctly label this type of 2D drawing.
A.
B.
C.
D.
ISOmetric
DIOmetric
DIOblique
OBLique
_____18.
Which view, of the three that we draw, shows the most detail?
A. Right Side
B. Front
C. Top
D. None of these
_____19.
Drafting is when you draw using _____________ like a scale, triangle, etc.
A. Hand
B. None of these
C. Tool
D. Pencil
_____20.
When drawing multiviews or three views, why do you use projection lines?
A. All of these
B. So that you don’t have to measure multiple times
C. None of these
D. To line up the views
_____21.
At what angle are isometrics drawn?
A. 30
B. 70
C. 45
D. 15
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15
_____22.
_____23.
rest?
At what angle are obliques side and top views drawn?
A. 45
B. 90
C. 15
D. 30
Why is the visible line type only lighter than the border, but darker than all of the
A. Clearly shows what the actual object is
B. Border is your “picture frame”
C. None of these
_____24.
Why do we draw multiviews with dimensions?
A. None of these
B. So the item can be built
C. To explain to the customer what it is
_____25.
type is it?
This is the line shows parts you can’t see but need to know where it is, which line
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hidden
Visible
Center
Border
_____26.
This line type is used to show the size of something.
A. Hidden
B. Border
C. Dimension
D. Center
_____27.
Why is the border line type the darkest?
A. Does not matter
B. None of these
C. It is your “picture frame”
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_____28.
This is the lightest line you draw, which line type is it?
A. Border
B. Visible
C. Projection or Construction
D. Hidden
_____29. This is the darker line you draw (only the Border is darker), which line type is it?
A. Center
B. Hidden
C. Visible
D. Border
_____30. Which two dimensional (2D) drawing method is most realistic type?
A. Multiview
B. None of these
C. Isometric
D. Oblique
_____31. Which drawing BEST represents the TOP view of this building?
A. C
B. A
C. D
D. B
_____32. Which one of the following is NOT a view that we draw?
A. Right Side
B. Back
C. Front
D. Top
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_____33. Which one of the following drafting tools is best for drawing a true straight line?
A. Compass
B. Dividers
C. Any Triangle
D. Scale/Ruler
____ 34. A cavalier oblique anything drawn on the angle is drawn at what scale?
A. Half
B. Full
C. None of these
D. Quarter
_____35. Which 3 dimensional or pictorial does this BEST represent?
A. C
B. B
C. D
D. A
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18
KEY
Drafting Test
MATCHING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ANS: D
ANS: I
ANS: A
ANS: B
ANS: E
ANS: G
MULTIPLE CHOICE
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
ANS: D
ANS: C
ANS: C
ANS: C
ANS: A
ANS: A
ANS: C
ANS: B
ANS: A
ANS: C
ANS: D
ANS: B
ANS: C
ANS: D
ANS: A
ANS: A
ANS: A
ANS: C
ANS: A
ANS: C
ANS: C
ANS: C
ANS: C
ANS: C
ANS: D
ANS: B
ANS: C
ANS: A
ANS: B
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19
Name:___________________________ Class / #: ____________________________
Date: ___________________________ Teacher: _____________________________
ABC Brainstorming for Drafting Facts and Tools
TOPIC:
What have you learned about drafting facts and tools and/or the uses of them?
Rules = The letter must be at beginning, middle, or end of the word you are using for your
TOPIC. You may even draw an example of the word if that helps you.
Example:
Isometric
Apples
oraNges
grapeS
sides are all 300
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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ABC Brainstorming for Drafting Facts and Tools
Page 2
In your own words explain in 2-3 paragraphs what you think drafting
is, use of tools, and so forth. Explain to me what you learned from
today’s lecture.
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