IRD
acting in the South
with the South
and for the South
ANNUAL
REPORT
2013
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
S
14 International partnerships
18 World-wide events
pages 20-39
pages 04-11
2013 IRD
Working
in partnership
pages 12-19
Excellence in
research
IRD
06 The IRD around the world
21 Excellence in research focused on the South
07 Editorial
25 Preserving the environment and its resources
08 Key figures for 2013 - IRD in a nutshell
32 Improving the health of populations
in developing countries
09 Highlights of 2013
10 At the mid-point of the contract
of objectives
11 A proven quality and sustainable
development policy
36 Understanding the evolution
of developing societies
AIRD
42 Mobilising, coordinating, and leading
discussions on research for development
44 Research and training programmes
46 Capacity-building in developing countries
62 The IRD’s institutions
48 Promoting research findings and technical
transfert
63 Central services: our gallery
64 IRD establishments world-wide
50 Disseminating knowledge
and communicating information
66 The research units
The Agence
inter-établissements
de recherche pour
le développement
pages 52-59
Resources
Appendices
pages 60-67
pages 40-51
54 Human resources
56 Information System - Gender equality
57 Platforms open to our partners
58 Financial resources
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
5
IRD
2013 IRD
6
THE IRD AROUND THE WORLD
7
EDITORIAL
8
KEY FIGURES FOR 2013
IRD IN A NUTSHELL
9
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2013
10
IRD
2013
IRD
AT THE MID-POINT OF THE CONTRACT
OF OBJECTIVES
11
A PROVEN QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
IIRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
6
IRD
2013 IRD / THE IRD AROUND THE WORLD
THE IRD AROUND
THE WORLD
FRANCE
1,347 STAFF MEMBERS
United States
TUNISIA
Lebanon
Nepal
MOROCCO
MEXICO
EGYPT
India
Haiti
Guadeloupe
MARTINIQUE
SENEGAL
Guinea
FRENCH
POLYNESIA
FRENCH
GUIANA
BURKINA
FASO
MALI
Ivory Coast
THAILAND
CAMEROON
BENIN
Gabon
ECUADOR
LAOS
NIGER
Uganda
VIETNAM
Cambodia
Ethiopia
KENYA
Seychelles
EXPATRIATE,
SECONDED,
LOCAL STAFF
BRAZIL
PERU
Comoro Islands
INDONESIA
East Timor
Vanuatu
BOLIVIA
Staff at 31/12/12
Source Personnel Department
MADAGASCAR
• IRD centre or office
CHILE
1-9
10-18
20-28
31-50
staff
staff
staff
staff
members members members members
• Other form of presence
1-9
10-18
staff
staff
members members
• Centre in overseas territories
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
91-130
staff
members
Argentina
REUNION
SOUTH AFRICA
NEW
CALEDONIA
7
IRD
EDITORIAL / 2013 IRD
EDITORIAL
T
he national Higher Education and Research (ESR) scene has
been dramatically transformed in recent years. The law on the
freedom and responsibilities of universities and, since 2013,
the law on ESR, regulate these changes. At the same time,
companies’ expectations regarding research have continued to rise,
even in Southern countries and tropical French overseas departments
and territories. Now, more than ever, the knowledge society, in its
training, research and innovation dimensions, is being drawn into
the heart of national and international debate on economic and social
development.
A major participant in French scientific diplomacy, the IRD uses
scientific excellence to support the Southern countries through their
development challenges. Therefore, research on climate change,
resource management, biodiversity, natural hazards, health and
specifically infectious diseases, societal changes, inequalities and
even migrations, have had concrete consequences in terms of their
impacts on public policies in the South. Furthermore, bibliometric
analyses show a quantitative and qualitative rise in the number of
IRD’s publications and their the rate of co-publications with a Southern
partner has reached 42%.
The number of results achieved by the Institute as part of the Future
Investments programme also attest to the quality of the teams and their
successful integration into the national and regional dynamics. The
IRD is in fact a partner of 15 Labex, 4 Equipex, a University Hospital
Institute and a Carnot Institute, and participates in 4 Idex. Moreover,
the Thematic Promotion Consortium “Southern Promotion”, provided
with 9 million Euros, has begun its activity and will contribute to the
emergence of a technology market in the South.
The IRD is building its identity through its partnerships with
Southern countries. Indeed, 42.5% of the Institute’s 2,354 personnel
partnerships work outside metropolitan France. The positive
evaluation of the international mixed units and laboratories shows
the importance of these formative and unifying mechanisms in the fi
eld of international research.
The research management, coordination, promotion and
dissemination activities carried out by the Institute also illustrate its
commitment to the Southern countries.
Midway into its 2011-2015 contract of objectives, the IRD is therefore
strengthening its partnership and ethical practices and reinforcing
its primary mission: to place science at the heart of objectives the
development of Southern communities.
2014 opens up new prospects for the IRD, in particular with the
amendment to its statutory decree and the removal of the AIRD whose
operational missions will remain the IRD’s responsibility. A renewed
management team will, moreover, be responsible for drafting and
implementing a new strategic plan and performance contract.
Talks will continue on the International Cooperation Development
Centre with the aim of encouraging the pooling of resources and better
visibility of international cooperation within the Aix-Marseille Provence
metropolitan territory.
2014 will also be a rich year for science with the launch of the second
wave of the Future Investments, the entry into force of the new EU
Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon 2020, and
the preparation of major events such as the world climate conferences
which will be held in Peru in 2014 (COP 20) and France in 2015 (COP 21).
This year will also mark the start of a debate on the Post-2015 agenda
for the Millennium Development Goals. The IRD will meet these major
challenges fully, providing its expertise and experience of its partnership
with the Southern scientific communities.
Michel Laurent
Chairman
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
IRD
8
2013 IRD / KEY FIGURES FOR 2013
IRD IN
A NUTSHELL
KEY FIGURES
FOR 2013
THE IRD STAFF
RESEARCH
2,354
56
including 845 researchers,
980 engineers and technicians
and 529 local staff
consortiums
and 7 observatories
STAFF MEMBERS
42.5%
OF STAFF MEMBERS OUTSIDE
MAINLAND FRANCE
CAPACITY BUILDING
182
BURSARIES
allocated to scientists, including
152 for theses
42
NEW TEAMS SUPPORTED
IN THE SOUTH
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
RESEARCH
1,998
SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONS
42%
CO-AUTHORED
with Southern partners
INNOVATION
110
PATENTS HELD
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
A BUDGET OF
€239M
€34.4M
REVENUE
from conventions
and approved products
I
RD is a research organisation unlike any
other in the field of European research for
development. It is a French public scientific
and technological institution operating under
the joint authority of the French Ministry of
Higher Education and Research and the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs. IRD endeavours to meet
major development challenges by undertaking
research, training, and innovation activities in
the South, for the South, and with the South,
with an ongoing focus on sharing knowledge and
pooling resources and skills.
From its headquarters in Marseille and its two
centres in metropolitan France (Bondy and
Montpellier), it operates in nearly 90 countries
in Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, Asia
and France’s tropical overseas territories. Based
on an interdisciplinary approach, the projects
carried out with its partners address issues of
crucial importance for the countries of the South:
tropical diseases and diseases of civilisation,
food security, climate change, water resources,
biodiversity, the development of societies, social
inequality and vulnerability, migration, etc.
9
IRD
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2013 / 2013 IRD
MARCH - APRIL
HIGHLIGHTS
OF 2013
Sale of bananas
in Bolivia
Presentation of the New Caledonia Atlas at
the National Assembly
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER
The Atlas de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (Atlas of New Caledonia), a
reference book published by the Congress of New Caledonia and IRD,
is presented to the National Assembly.
Signature of a partnership agreement for open archives and the
HAL shared platform by IRD and 25 other organisations.
JANUARY - FEBRUARY
MAY - JUNE
Inauguration of a new building devoted to the Géoazur Geosciences
Research Laboratory on the CNRS campus at Valbonne Sophia
Antipolis.
IRD and Polynesian authorities celebrate 50 years of research
partnerships.
IRD hosts the international INCONTACT-One World conference on
international cooperation on research and innovation (experiences
in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean).
The “Valorisation Sud” (CVT - theme-based technology transfer
consortium) starts operation.
Madang Mission
IRD celebrates the International Year of Quinoa
at the 50th Agriculture Trade Show.
First report from the Papua-New Guinea expedition co-organised
by the MNH, Pro-Natura International and IRD.
Inspection of IRD and AIRD.
IRD adopts a “Social Responsibility” policy and commits
to sustainable development.
IRD and the Prefecture of the PACA region sign a charter for
professional equality between women and men.
IRD, Campus France, and the Ministry of Higher Education and
Scientific Research of Cote d’Ivoire sign a partnership agreement.
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
Launch of the Institut montpelliérain de l’eau et de l’environnement
(IM2E - Montpellier Institute for Water and the Environment).
The Bond’Innov incubator hosts the Conference on innovative
North-South entrepreneurship, with the attendance of Pascal Canfin,
Minister for Development, and Claude Bartolone, President of the
National Assembly.
IRD and ANRS inaugurate the extension of the HIV and infectious
disease research laboratory in Montpellier.
JULY - AUGUST
IRD and the University of Toulouse sign a partnership agreement for
the establishment of joint offices within the Institute’s delegations, in
particular in Indonesia.
The development committee for the Cité de la coopération
internationale et du développement (International Cooperation
Development Centre) project, sponsored by IRD, meets for the first
time in Marseille.
Cirad, IRD, and Inra join the Global Alliance for the promotion of
the potential of roots, tubers, and bananas.
HIV research laboratory
in Montpellier
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
IRD
10
2013 IRD / AT THE MID-POINT OF THE CONTRACT OF OBJECTIVES
AT THE
MID-POINT OF
THE CONTRACT
OF OBJECTIVES
Soil analysis
in India
In June 2013, at the mid-point of the contract of agreed
objectives signed with the French government in 2011,
IRD provided a summary of preliminary results. Several
themes stand out.
New partnership dynamics
Over the past two and a half years, the Institute has substantially developed its partnership with the countries of the South. A
co-construction dynamic has been established through several
multi-year programs co-financed by the countries of the South: The
Science and Technology Development Fund in Egypt, the Guyamazon
programme in Brazil, and even the tripartite Africa - Brazil - France
invitation to tender on the Great Green Wall in Africa.
The dissemination of scientific information and the reporting
of research results from research communities to civil society have
continued to improve. The volume of co-publications with partners
in the South has increased well beyond expectations. A partnership
charter on research for development, translating the action principles
supported by IRD and shared with its partners, has been written and
approved. To date, nearly 50 partners have already signed it.
The scientific and geographic structural mechanisms for research
in the South have significantly expanded, in particular with 25 LMI
(laboratoires mixtes internationaux - Joint International Laboratories)
active as of the end of 2013. They have helped build a remarkable
unification, both geographically in terms of issues. Moreover, during
the period under consideration and despite a sometimes difficult
working context, 40% of the researchers, engineers, and technicians
assigned to the South have worked in Sub-Saharan Africa and the
Mediterranean and 54% of missions were carried out in these two
priority areas.
The co-construction of programmes
with countries of the South
While the number of programmes financed or managed by the
agency remained stable over the period, their confi guration has
changed with the development of “consortium” programmes involving
several has partners from the South and North.
Nine calls for joint projects were launched, primarily for multi-year, interdisciplinary programmes co-financed by governments
in the South as part of a regional approach. In 2013, IRD took part in
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Great Green Wall project:
collective gardens
46 projects financed as part of the FP7, including 6 in which it was
coordinator. The JEAI (Jeunes équipes associées à l’IRD - Young teams
associated with IRD) programme, considered to be one of the headline
capacity building programmes, helped support 42 young teams. The
promotion of research results in the political sphere and socio-economic sector generated annual revenue of approximately €4 M. The
number of licensing contracts currently in force increased very slightly
each year, while the royalties generated have increased significantly
over 5 years.
11
IRD
A PROVEN QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY / 2013 IRD
A PROVEN QUALITY
AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
A quality based approach to research
Support departments, which were previously certified individually
according to ISO 9001 standards, have adopted a common quality
approach with the goal of having a single certification by 2014 as
part of the multi-year strategy for optimising support functions and
management processes, approved by the board of directors in June
2013. This organisational plan will help establish more effective crossdepartmental management processes. The quality management system
will have activity monitoring indicators for the previously certified
departments. The quality approach will also focus on improving
existing activities. Therefore, an assessment of the organisation and
management of agreements within the institution has led to proposals
for improvement and restructuring for greater efficiency.
the energy issue has been incorporated into the multi-year real estate
strategy scheme (SPSI), which has led to conducting energy audits at
five sites: Montpellier, Bondy, Nouméa, Papeete, and Cayenne. Through
quantitative recommendations for the medium- to long-term, these audits are decision-assistance tools for improving the energy performance
of buildings upon their renovation and maintenance.
A first analysis of greenhouse gas emissions regulatory requirements of the Grenelle II law. Conducted for the reference year of 2012,
it covers all IRD sites within France. In accordance with regulations,
this report only considers direct emissions from buildings and vehicles
managed by IRD, and indirect emissions related to electricity consumption. For 2012, greenhouse gas emissions were 4,027 t CO2eq.
Based on this first analysis and together with the energy audits,
IRD has already initiated a series of actions to reduce the emissions of
its buildings and vehicles: renovation/insulation of walls, replacement
of its automobile fleet with less polluting vehicles, etc.
The Institute has chosen to gradually exceed its regulatory obligations and to reduce its carbon footprint to cover emissions for all its
activities and sites, in France and abroad.
Societal responsibility as an institutional
commitment
The focuses of the IRD’s Social Responsibility initiative
Contact: quali2d@ird.fr
On 29 March 2013, the IRD board of directors adopted the institution’s societal responsibility policy. This policy is focused on seven
subject areas identified as major societal challenges: governance, responsible research, capacity building for the countries of the South,
internal social responsibility, responsible purchasing, management of
energy consumption, and responsible waste management.
A 2013-2016 action plan has been developed for the latter four
subject areas and is in the process of being deployed. In particular,
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
13
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
14
INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS
Working
in partnership
18
WORLD-WIDE
EVENTS
Through its network of sites, IRD is present in more than 50 countries
in the South. It has consolidated its links with their research and training
structures and is among the main European players in research
for the South.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
14
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP / INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
In the Mediterranean
INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS
Water management
in the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean region has many assets: a young and educated
population, almost non-existent “absolute” poverty, and abundant
natural resources despite an unequal distribution of the benefits of
growth. The “Arab Springs” triggered in 2010 led to a genuine political
transition. This region is subject to significant social and ecological
pressures, producing historic, unprecedented transformations, and
leading to a re-examination of the fundamental conditions, and even
possibilities, for its medium- and long-term development. The coastal
zones are suffering increased pollution and are subject to competition
for control of the area and access to water resources. Faced with
demographic, health, ecological, economic, and cultural challenges,
analyses are highlighting the risks of complex and lasting crises.
In 2013, IRD participated in many strategic projects. These include
Med-Spring 1, which focuses on capacity-building, the sharing of
knowledge, and cooperation in the areas of water, food, and energy;
and ERANet-MED2, intended to develop European-Mediterranean
cooperation by coordinating national and regional programmes. These
two projects have involved the CIHEAM-IAMB (Centre international des
hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes – Istituto Agronomico
Mediterraneo di Bari - The international centre for higher agronomic
research in the Mediterranean - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute
of Bari) in Italy.
Also, IRD actively participated in discussions at the ANR-TransMed
seminar on the challenges and prospects for trans-Mediterranean
research, with the attendance of key researchers in the North and South
Mediterranean.
Additionally, the Lebanese-French Environmental Observatory,
O-Life, was established to share and improve observation tools for water
management, biodiversity, and integrated management of the coastal
zone.
region. Yet, economic prospects are positive, with widespread, strong
growth in countries rich in natural resources.
2013 was marked by a strengthening of partnerships, especially with
universities and research organisations, through active participation in
events and through the establishment of many framework agreements.
IRD is a partner in the Scientific and Technical Research Conferences
at Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey and in the Conferences on
Higher Education and Research in Senegal.
The First French-Ghanaian University Conferences helped present
partnerships between IRD and institutions in Ghana before all the
chancelleries of the country’s Universities in the country and French
research and higher education directors.
In Burkina Faso, the Patho-BIOS LMI was established in
collaboration with the Institute for Environment and Agricultural
Research. IRD signed framework agreements with the National
Institute for Biomedical Research in the Democratic Republic of Congo
and with the University of Yaoundé 1 in Cameroon. Four new young
international teams were launched in Niger, Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso,
and Cameroon. 2013 was also the year in which scientific cooperation
was restarted, especially in Mali, by holding an international conference
to report on the project for the “Contemporary Mali” Priority Solidarity
Fund and the launch of a European Sahel-Maghreb research, training,
and innovation initiative for sustainable development in high-risk areas.
1
2
Mediterranean Science, Policy, Research and Innovation Gateway.
Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation through ERA-Net Joint activities and beyond.
In West and Central Africa
Contact: geostrategie@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
West and Central Africa are priorities for French development policy
due to the significance of the development challenges that they represent
and to their geographic, cultural, and linguistic proximity with France.
Dependent on agricultural activity and fishing in the coastal areas,
the region has been suffering from extreme meteorological events for
decades, aggravated by the impacts of climate change. Additionally,
steady demographic growth is causing significant pressure on natural
resources. More recently, problems of insecurity have arisen in the Sahel
Partnership agreement
in Côte d’Ivoire
15
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS / WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
In Southern Africa, East Africa,
and the Indian Ocean
This region includes both countries with intermediate revenue,
such as South Africa, the Seychelles, and Botswana, and so-called
“less advanced” countries, such as Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Angola.
Some of them have experienced remarkable economic growth in the last
decade. With annual rates approaching 8.5% and 6.8% respectively,
Ethiopia and Angola recorded the most rapid growth in Africa. Despite
significant progress in providing access to potable water and health
infrastructures, the health condition of the people remains one of
the main challenges to be met under the Millennium Development
Goals. The region is also highly exposed to geological risks and climate
hazards, especially the islands, coral reefs, and mangroves.
Here, IRD has strengthened its research partnership in both
anglophone and lusophone countries as well as with priority
francophone countries such as Burundi.
The signature of a memorandum of understanding with the
Malagasy Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
established the general principles for scientific cooperation between
IRD and Madagascar.
The Institute also participated in the 3rd annual meeting of the joint
French-South African committee for science and technology, which was
held in Pretoria to prepare for President François Hollande’s State Visit
to South Africa in October 2013.
Lastly, the call for tender for the ERAfrica project, coordinated by
IRD, helped select 18 projects from the 124 proposals.
Soil studies
in South Africa
IRD also re-energised its activities in Guinea through a partnership
agreement with the Ministry of Higher Education.
Lastly, IRD signed a headquarters agreement with the Ivoirian
government and concluded a partnership agreement to implement
the support project for the modernisation and reform of universities
and grandes écoles in Cote d’Ivoire, as part of a debt reduction and
development contract (C2D).
(Ministry of Research), the Inter-institutional Committee on the
Sea, and the École polytechnique du littoral (Polytechnic School for
the Coast).
Significant events marked the year, such as the start of the
French-Peruvian Doctoral School in Life Sciences, and the first
cooperative seminar between the Venezuelan institute for Scientific
Research, Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research,
Foundation for the Institute of Engineering for technological
research and development, and IRD.
Lastly, a regional cooperation dynamic in Latin America, bringing
together public and research participants, was initiated particulary
around the subject of cities (urban re-densification, urban development and climate change, public housing) and sustainable resource
management in arid regions of Latin America and the Caribbean
(AridasLAC regional programme).
3
Gini Index, CIA.
In Latin America and the Caribbean
The Latin America and Caribbean region has significant
development inequalities on the continental level and within each
country. Despite significant progress over the past 20 years, it still
includes 11 of the 25 most unequal countries in the world 3. This
area is the principal area for the analysis of major tropical climate
phenomena and for ocean-continent interactions. It is also home to
remarkable ecosystems for studying major questions arising today
on the erosion of biodiversity, its preservation and development,
water resources, environmental risks, non-renewable resources, etc.
In 2013, IRD signed several framework agreements in Latin
America. These agreements helped develop and strengthen research
activities, notably in Peru with the National Water Authority, and
in Ecuador, with the Ministry of the Environment, the Senescyt
City of Lima
in Peru
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
16
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP / INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
The French Foundation for research on biodiversity is supporting
the Dimpie project for the production of metadata on macro-algae
(Lagplon database).
Lastly, the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs’ Pacific Fund
is supporting the AeDenPac project. This project brings together IRD,
the Pasteur Institute and the DASS (Directorate for Health and Social
Affairs) of New Caledonia, the Louis Malardé Institute of French
Polynesia, and their partners in Fiji and Tonga, to support research
on the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector for dengue and chikungunya.
In New Caledonia, a framework agreement on collaboration was
signed with the North Province. It will help organise a prospective
workshop on research strategy in this province and establish a
humanities and social science research office with the Conservatory
of Natural Areas in the North Province and the IAC (Institut néocalédonien agronomique - New Caledonian Agronomic Institute).
In Asia
The economic growth that Asia has experienced for the past
twenty years has resulted in a reduction in monetary poverty and
progress in health and education. However, the region remains marked
by significant disparities among countries and by high contrasts
within countries. Development comes with significant changes that
sometimes can destabilise communities in transition. Deforestation,
changing use of soils, pressure on coastal ecosystems, modification
of production systems, and the intensification of urbanisation raise
major questions about transportation and energy, the environment,
and more generally, risk management and prevention, whether for
natural, societal, or health risks.
In 2013, IRD signed several agreements and started numerous
partnerships to design, construct, and develop research activities.
For example, conducted with the Pasteur Institute of Laos and
Kasetstart University in Thailand, the Malvec project focuses on
studying malaria vector resistance to insecticides. IRD has partnered
with the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia to build a regional platform
(PR-Asia) for the study of communicable infectious diseases and
emerging pathogens on the Pasteur Institute’s campus.
An ANRS project in partnership with the Health Sciences
University was started in Laos on the social and cultural dimensions
of protecting children with antiretroviral drugs. In Vietnam, IRD
and the Ho Chi Minh City Science University launched a programme
financed by the Air Liquide Foundation on the atmospheric CO2 fixing
capacity of mangroves. In Indonesia, the ANR project, Domerapi,
conducted in partnership with the Centre for the Reduction of
Geological and Volcanic Risks and the Bandung Institute of
Technology, covers the dynamics of a volcanic arc of lava domes. In
East Timor, a study of cultural transitions in the Papua-Austronesian
group was begun in collaboration with the Government Secretariat
for Culture.
In Bangladesh, the BanD-AID (Belmont Forum) project aims to
establish a satellite and in situ observation system for the GangesBrahmaputra delta to measure the causes and consequences of
the rise in sea level, and to determine human interactions that are
making the coastal areas more fragile. It involves American, German,
Bangladeshi, and French teams, including IRD and the CEFIRSE 4
LMI. The establishment of the ESTAFS 5 network in Indonesia,
Laos, and Vietnam also helped develop a regional partnership on
aquaculture.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Aquaculture
in Indonesia
In the Pacific
The Pacific region is one of the largest marine and terrestrial
biodiversity reserves on our planet. More than anywhere else, in
particular due to its insularity, the preservation of this biodiversity is
subject to significant constraints due to global environmental changes
(including climate change), natural hazards, and anthropogenic
activities, especially mining operations. The region represents a
true large-scale laboratory for modelling the effects of global change
and establishing attenuation and adaptation measures, developing
biological resources, and proposing biodiversity conservation
measures. In this context, IRD plays a major scientific coordination
role for major international programmes involving New Caledonia,
French Polynesia, the Island States of Oceania, and International
Regional Organisations. This is the case notably for the GOPS (Grand
observatoire de l’environnement et de la biodiversité du Pacifique sud Grand Observatory for the Environment and Biodiversity of the South
Pacific), supported by the Institut national des sciences de l’univers
(French National Institute for Science of the Universe) at the CNRS, and
the ALLEnvi Alliance, and the PACE-Net+ project, which is inaugurating
a new cycle highlighting the European Union’s interest in this region
and the renewed trust in IRD.
The Coral Labex is also financing three important projects on the
impacts of climate change on coral reefs to improve their sustainable
management.
In Europe
As part of the FP7, the joint CPU-IRD representative, established
in the CLORA (Club des Organismes de Recherche Associés - Club of
Affiliated Research Organisations) building, has strengthened the links
among European Project coordinators and partners and the European
Commission and its Agencies.
It contributed to influencing the policy of the Institute for Science
and Innovation in the South through its membership in CLORA, at
4
5
French-Indian Water Sciences Research Unit.
Ethnobotany for Sustainable Therapy in Aquaculture and Food Safety.
Red algae from
Polynesia
17
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS / WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
Brittany IRD Centre
Science Europe and through its term as president of the Group of
European experts for “science” as part of the 8th Africa-EU partnership.
The various subject area meetings and working groups organised by
these bodies have enabled it to highlight the importance of NorthSouth partnerships in constructing the European research area6. IRD
has also worked closely with the alliances and departments of the
Ministry of Higher Education and Research on the preparation and
discussions of H2020. The establishment participated in discussions
on the possible role of CLORA in the new configuration of the
institutional research and innovation landscape in France and worked
to bring IRD closer to the EUA (European University Association)
of which the Institute became a member. Lastly, IRD met with its
European counterparts to formalise bilateral partnerships for research
for development in the South. Framework agreements were signed, for
example with the IIAC (Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical)
in Portugal. Others are in the process of being signed (with the CNR,
Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, in Italy), or being developed (with
the CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, in Spain).
In Metropolitan France
The IRD North France centre significantly developed its academic
partnership as part of the Idex, in particular in the Île-de-France
Region, with the “Sorbonne Universités”7 Idex. Relations with local
government bodies (the Regional Council, the Council General of SeineSaint-Denis, Est-Ensemble metropolitan, and the city of Bondy), led to
financial support for Bond’innov (an incubator for innovative NorthSouth companies), and to the NumériSud digital campus project that
will be inaugurated in 2014.
In partnership with the University of Yaoundé 1 in Cameroon and
the University Cheikh Anta Diop in Senegal, the IRD North France
centre hosted a class of 15 international master’s students in tropical
plant biology and ecology.
In Brittany, IRD became a member of the board of directors of the
Technopôle Brest-Iroise. It is also developing a strong partnership
with the local offices of INSERM, the CNRS, INRIA, BRGM, IRSTEA,
INRA, IFREMER, MNHN, Météo France, and ANSES as part of the
Conference of Research Organisations in Brittany (COREB). To that
end, IRD is actively participating in establishing a Community of Breton
Universities and Institutions.
The IRD South France centre has aligned its research activities with
all the higher education and research institutions and local government
bodies, in particular the Regional Council of Languedoc-Roussillon. It
is participating in the research and teaching strategy for the five regions
where IRD teams are established and is involved in the Future Investments projects: 2 Idex, 11 Labex, 4 Equipex, a Research Infrastructure,
a Bioinformatics project, an Institut Carnot, a University Hospital Institute, etc. It is also participating in activities sponsored by foundations
(in particular Agropolis-Fondation), and GIS (such as EnviRhônAlp). It
is contributing its experience and expertise on partnerships with the
countries of the South to these mechanisms. Economic transfer and
promotion also remain priorities, in particular with the SATT AXLR
(in which IRD holds a 17% share).
Internationally, construction has begun in Montpellier on the
headquarters for the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International
Agricultural Research), an IRD partner. Additionally, the MIVEGEC UMR
is a World Health Organisation centre collaborating on the public health
evaluation of new insecticides. The TransVIHMI UMI was accredited as
a “supranational reference” for the study of antiviral resistance (with a
branch in Cameroon categorised as a “national reference” in the area).
New research structures were inaugurated in 2013: a geosciences
building (Géoazur laboratory), an extension of the TransVIHMI AIDS
research laboratory, and the Montpellier Institute on water and the
environment (IM2E).
6
A document initiated by IRD on the topic: International Cooperation in Research and
Innovation under H2020
7
In partnership with Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris-Sorbonne University, Compiègne
Technology University, MNHN, INSERM, and the CNRS
North and South innovative
entrepreneurship meetings
in Bondy
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
18
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP / WORLD-WIDE EVENTS
IN SOUTHERN AFRICA, EAST AFRICA, AND THE INDIAN OCEAN
WORLD-WIDE
EVENTS
4 sites / 81 staff members / 85 co-publications
IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
8 sites / 136 staff members / 158 co-publications
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
3 sites / 59 staff members1 / 88 co-publications2
Butterfly fish
from the Maldives
City of Cairo
in Egypt
ShERACA +: A cooperative project between Egypt and Europe
IRD is part of the Consortium for the European project ShERACA+ (Shaping
Egypt’s association to the European Research Area and Cooperation Action
Plus). Financed by the 7th PCRD from the European Commission and
coordinated by the Egyptian Ministry of Research, this project is intended
to strengthen bilateral EU–Egypt dialogue and coordinate research and
innovation programmes. Through an inventory of initiatives, it aims to
support the preparation of joint activities in areas of common interest and
societal challenges, in particular as part of the launch of the new masterprogramme Horizon 2020.
1
Permanent researchers, IT, and buildings. 22012 Web of science data, IRD documents.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
To be Pan-African
Organised together with the Urmis Unit on 17 and 18 May at the headquarters
of the African Union (AU) in Addis Ababa, the Being Pan-African conference,
an official side-event of the special summit to commemorate the fiftieth
anniversary of the organisation of the AU, brought together renowned
intellectuals and the general public from the African diaspora on the topic
of the roots, benefits, and challenges of Pan-Africanism, a fundamental
step toward African renaissance.
A regional summer school on gemmology and geology
The Regional summer school on “Knowledge of gems: from the field to the
market” in Kenya, brought together, under the aegis of the Ministry of Mines
and the University of the Voi mining region, researchers from the GET unit
and professionals to share their experience with students, in particular on
the economic exploitation of tsavolite and tanzanite.
Celebrating Marine Sciences
Four hundred people from all the island and coastal countries in the region
attended the 8th international conference of WIOMSA (Western Indian Ocean
Marine Science Association) on the theme of “Science and society: building
partnerships for action”. IRD is highly involved in this research network and
in organising its conferences.
Study of the Coropuna
glacier in Peru
An international symposium for Lake Titicaca
This first joint event between Bolivia and Peru covered an environmental
diagnosis of Lake Titicaca. This initiative, strongly supported by the ALT
(Autonomous bi-national authority for Lake Titicaca) should lead to the
establishment of a bi-national observatory on Lake Titicaca, with significant
IRD involvement.
The impact of climate change on glaciers is a major concern
The international conference on glaciers brought together nearly
2,000 participants in Peru. The Great Ice LMI was highly involved.
The new urban challenges in the Andes
The Los nuevos desafíos urbanos en la zona andina seminar, organised
by the French Embassy, IRD, AFD, ANA (National Water Agency), and the
Peruvian Ministry of Housing, took place in Lima in November 2013. It was
an opportunity for discussion among researchers and professionals from
France and many Andean countries. The PACIVUR programme (Andean
programme for research and training on urban vulnerability) sponsored by
IRD was the topic of a presentation.
19
WORLD-WIDE EVENTS / WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
IN THE PACIFIC
IN ASIA
6 sites / 308 staff members / 203 co-publications
Millet cultivation
in Niger
A Climate Change Plan for Senegal
IRD helped develop the plan and present the results to the Regional Council
of Dakar, in the presence of the French Minister for Development, Pascal
Canfin.
The National Trade Fair on Creativity and Innovation
Organised by the Ministry of Mines and the Ministry of Higher Education
and Research, with IRD support and participation, the 1st such trade fair
was held in Niamey in December 2013. The objective: to mobilise Nigerian
researchers and inventors to improve, manage, and diversify agricultural
techniques.
The Fourth Scientific Film Festival of Ouagadougou
More than 700 spectators attended this scientific cultural event organised
by IRD and the French Institute.
4 sites / 95 staff members / 136 co-publications
2 sites / 113 staff members / 5 co-publications
Satellite view of the
Ganges Delta
Reducing mortality and morbidity associated with infectious
encephalitis in Southeast Asia
The regional SEAe project (Southeast Asia Encephalitis Project) was launched
in Vientiane at the end of 2013. It brings together health institutions and
universities from 5 Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Thailand, and Vietnam) and is intended to improve diagnosis and treatment
of the disease. Two days of presentations allowed the participants to share
their work and organise the future implementation of the programme.
Launch of the French-Indian SARAL-AltiKa satellite
This satellite measures the surface topography of the oceans and that
of height variations of major world rivers. The CEFIRSE LMI is heavily
involved in exploiting its data, in partnership with the Indian Space Research
Organisation and the Indian Institute of Sciences.
An innovative approach for better management of maritime
resources in Indonesia
The vast INDESO spatial oceanography project started in partnership with
IFREMER and the CLS (Collecte localisation satellite - Satellite location
campaign), for the Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs and with
support from the AFD. This project combining infrastructure development,
research (remote sensing, and biogeochemical modelling), and training is in
response to considerable development challenges in the largest archipelago
in the world, where maritime resource management is a national challenge.
50 years of research in French Polynesia
In 1963, IRD (then called Orstom) created the first research centre in
Papeete. In 1982, a new centre was built in Arue. For half a century, IRD has
conducted original scientific research in Polynesia in strong partnership
with local researchers.
Global Oceanic Ecosystems - Impacts of climate change
on large predators
The Cliotop conference is a component of the international IMBER programme
(Integrated Marine Biochemistry and Ecosystem Research) on global oceanic
ecosystems, the predators that inhabit them, and related fisheries. This
second international conference was organised in Nouméa by the General
Secretariat of the Pacific Community and the CSIRO ( Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Australia), in collaboration
with IRD, in February 2013.
A Sea Coral workshop
This workshop was held in Brisbane on 25-26 March 2013 as part of the
declaration of French-Australian intentions for the sustainable management
of Sea Coral, signed in March 2010 by the Caledonian executives, the
French Government, and the Australian Ministry of the Environment. Six
researchers from the IRD centre in Nouméa associated with the Coreus,
Locean, Legos and Geoazur UMRs participated actively.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
20
DES RECHERCHES D’EXCELLENCE TOURNÉES VERS LES SUD / AMÉLIORER LA SANTÉ DES POPULATIONS DU SUD
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
21
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
25
PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
AND ITS RESOURCES
32
IMPROVING THE HEALTH
OF POPULATIONS
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
36
UNDERSTANDING
THE EVOLUTION OF
DEVELOPING SOCIETIES
Excellence in research
focused on the South
IRD’s research priorities for the coming years fit with the global challenges
of climate change and the loss of biodiversity, food security, the emergence
of infectious diseases, and the increasing intensity and rising complexity of
globalisation. Understanding the effects of these planetary changes,
the adaptation of communities to their impacts, and the attenuation
of their consequences are major research challenges and core social issues.
Within this framework, IRD’s ambition is to closely link research excellence
with support for the development policies in the countries
and regions where it is active.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
22
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
Interdisciplinary research to respond
to the challenges of the South
Within the perspective of research partnerships with the
countries of the South and to strengthen its role as a finalised
research operator, IRD and its partners have established new
instruments: the LMI (joint international laboratories) and PPR
(regional pilot programmes).
Founded on knowledge of the field, the purpose of these joint
North-South initiatives is to strengthen the research capabilities of
research communities in the South, at the national and regional level,
by promoting North-South and South-South partnerships to respond
to major global development challenges. Most of the IRD units are PPR
and/or LMI stakeholders.
Consistent with the strategic priorities in the 2011-2015 performance
contract, the PPRs are coordination and governance structures for
North-South equality that bring together and organise a network of
various North-South research teams focused on mutual multidisciplinary objectives at the regional level. They work to foster greater
involvement of partners in the South in setting up, managing, and
steering programmes, strengthen the impact of research carried out
on communities in the South, support training and innovation, and
create a favourable context for obtaining co-funding for research in
the countries of the South.
Pathos-BIOS LMI
(international mixed
laboratory) team
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
In 2013, discussions conducted within the PPR framework helped
communities to come together and prepare submissions for major
invitations to tender. Even though the teams are faced with a new
operating mode, these multidisciplinary approaches, which combine
social sciences and/or health sciences with environmental science,
earth science, and life sciences, are gradually and naturally becoming
the standard for a growing number of programmes.
Research and training activities have addressed the priority
subject areas in the performance contract. The seven PPRs approved
by IRD in 2011 and 2012 contributed to promoting and supporting
multidisciplinary actions within their geographic and subject area
scopes: biodiversity, global changes, and health in central African
tropical rain-forests (FTH); rural communities, the environment, and
the climate in West Africa (SREC); environmental dynamics, resources,
and societies in Amazonia (AMAZ); heritage, resources, and governance
in Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (PAREGO);
public policies, communities, and globalisation in Sub-Saharan
Africa (POLMAF); risks, vulnerabilities, and their impacts in the Andes
(RIVIA); and soils, water, coastal areas, and at-risk communities in
South and Southeast Asia (SELTAR).
Launched in 2008, the LMIs are a working environment that has
been widely integrated by IRD teams and their partners. Located within
the partners’ premises, these operational structures have shared NorthSouth governance. The LMIs are based on a long-term commitment and
promote the development of research, training and innovation activities
based on joint projects using shared platforms (laboratories, equipment,
computer, document, and other resources).
In 2013, the founding North and South partners jointly evaluated
five LMIs:
• ICEMASA, International Centre for Education, Marine and
Atmospheric Sciences over Africa (South Africa, Cape Town);
• LBMV, Laboratoire de biotechnologie microbienne et végétale Microbial and plant biotechnology laboratory (Morocco, Rabat);
• CEFIRSE, Cellule franco-indienne de recherche en science de l’eau French-Indian Water Sciences Research Unit (India, Bangalore);
• Paleotrace, Paléoclimatologie tropicale: traceurs et variabilités Tropical Paleo-climatology: markers and variabilities (Brazil, Rio);
• OCE, Observatoire des changements environnementaux Observatory for environmental changes (Brazil, Brasilia).
Tropical rainforest
in Cameroon
The evaluation covered the LMI’s achievements and prospects
by considering research quality, as well as the organisational and
partnership foundations. These evaluations, which took place in a very
positive atmosphere at the end of 2013, will offer the basis for discussions
conducted with partners to consider their potential continuation.
This year, the Patho-BIOS (Biodiversité et biosécurité en Afrique
de l’Ouest - Biodiversity and Biosecurity in West Africa) LMI was also
created. It focuses on observing phytopathogenic agents. Reflecting the
dynamism of the teams, several new LMI projects have been submitted to
an invitation to tender launched in spring 2013. The evaluation procedure
in progress will lead to the creation of several laboratories, depending
upon available resources.
23
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
42%
Publications: high visibility for IRD
The number of articles published by IRD researchers has increased
by approximately 12% in one year and reached 1,423 references in the
Web of Science, an increase of 57% since 2006. If we consider the scope
of the UMRs in which IRD is involved, this research production represents more than 3,450 articles1.
Publication visibility is still high: 56% of these articles were featured in high-impact journals in their category2 and more than 10% were
in peer-reviewed journals. Thus, 12 articles were published in Journal of
Hydrology, 9 in PNAS, 7 in Remote Sensing of Environment, 6 in Lancet
Infectious Diseases, 4 in Science, and 3 in Nature.
Each researcher contributes to two publications on average, and
nearly 11% of the 821 published research engineers or technicians have
written more than 5 articles.
The rate of joint publication with the countries of the South has now
reached 42%. This is especially notable in West Africa, as well as Latin
America and the Asia-Pacific region. These joint publications mainly
involve Brazil, Senegal, Cameroon, and Tunisia.
OF CO-PUBLICATIONS
TREND IN THE NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS
BETWEEN 2006 AND 2012
with Southern partners
4,000
3,500
In social sciences, IRD researchers have published 272 articles,
58 books, and 245 book chapters identified in the Horizon database. A
new indicator specific to these disciplines was established in 2011 for
the performance contract. It is based on a reference base developed
according to criteria defined by the Aeres (Agence d’évaluation de la
recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur - Agency for the evaluation of
research and higher education). One hundred eighty five articles are in
this reference system, or 65% of the articles produced.
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
IRD STRICT
IRD UMR
The data reflect publications from 2012, as 2013 was not yet completed.
2
Subject categories in the Web of Science.
1
TREND IN PERCENTAGE
OF JOINT PUBLICATIONS WITH THE SOUTH
JOINT PUBLICATIONS WITH THE SOUTH
IN MAJOR REGIONS IN 2012
50%
250%
40%
200%
30%
150%
20%
100%
10%
50%
0%
0%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
West and
Central
Africa
Latin
America
Asia,
Pacific
East Africa, Mediterranean
Southern
Africa,
Indian Ocean
Pepper harvesting
in Amazonia
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
24
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
Ethical issues at the core of partnerships
Professional and research ethics are essential values for IRD.
Within this framework, the mission of the Comité consultatif de
déontologie et d’éthique (CCDE – Consulting Committee on Professional Conduct and Ethics) is to promote discussions on ethics in
research for development at the Institute.
Soil study
in South Africa
Contact: ccde@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
In 2013, the Committee’s activity was marked by a change in its
official mandate. The 3rd official mandate (2009-2013) chaired by
Professor Ali Benmakhlouf concluded with the conference on the
ethics of sustainable development, co-organised with the Fiocruz Aggeu
Magalhães Research Centre in Recife, Brazil.
Fifteen directives were issued on research protocols during the last
two sessions, which also helped publish two general directives: the first
on the ethics of disseminating research information to the southern
countries, and the second on crowdfunding or participatory financing
for research.
The report from this official mandate lists recommendations
covering the dissemination of directives from the Committee,
the strengthening of its role as “independent authority”, and the
improvement of the treatment and visibility of environmental questions.
A new committee chaired by Anne-Marie Moulin, Physician and
Philosopher of Science, was established in October 2013 with the
following focus:
• An expansion of the number of consultations on questions
concerning the environment, climate, and humanities and social
sciences.
• The development of an ethical culture at IRD, which represents
a tool for conducting research, an enrichment and expansion of
research activity conducted in a collegial atmosphere.
• Greater cooperation between the ethics committees of French
universities and research institutions (Inserm, CNRS, Cirad,
universities, etc.) and the National Consultative Committee on
Ethics.
• A coming together with ethics committees in the southern
countries where IRD is working as well as with the Francophone
International Bioethics Network.
COMPOSITION OF THE COMITÉ CONSULTATIF
DE DÉONTOLOGIE ET D’ÉTHIQUE (CCDE)
The CCDE consists of nine people named for four years (20132017):
• Chairperson: Anne-Marie Moulin, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Doctor of Medicine, specialising in tropical diseases and
parasitology. Research Director Emeritus at the CNRS.
• Tereza Lyra: doctor, researcher at the Aggeu Magalhaes in la
Fiocruz, Brazil, and teacher at the Faculty of Medicine at Pernambuco
University in Recife, Brazil.
• Bansa Oupathana: Deputy-Director in charge of Administration
and International Development in the cabinet of the rector of the
University of Health Sciences in Vientiane, Laos.
• Jean-Daniel Rainhorn: international health expert and Director
of the Centre de recherche et d’étude pour le développement de
la Santé (CREDES – Centre for Research and the study of Health
Development) in Paris.
• Florence Roghain: Assistant Professor at the University of Montpellier 2
and director of the Montpellier research in management group.
• Nathalie Verbruggen: agronomics engineer, Professor at the
Free University of Brussels and Director of the Plant Physiology and
Molecular Genetics Laboratory.
• Bernard Taverne: anthropologist and physician, research fellow
at the TransVIHMI Joint International Unit.
• Oumara Malam Issa: University Professor of Geosciences, IRD
representative to Niger.
• Audrey Dubot-Peres: Virologist and Research Engineer at IRD.
25
AMÉLIORER LA SANTÉ DES POPULATIONS DU SUD / DES RECHERCHES D’EXCELLENCE TOURNÉES VERS LES SUD
1
26
EVALUATING SEISMIC DANGER IN ECUADOR
Preserving the environment
and its resources
27
PLAGUE MONITORING AND CONTROL
IN MADAGASCAR
28
PAST CLIMATES FOR ANTICIPATING
THE FUTURE
29
In close collaboration with the partner countries, scientific
researchers from the IRD Environment and Resources Department
are studying the characteristics of tropical continental and aquatic
environments, the global changes affecting them, and their
effects and related risks
Focused on the IRD subject priorities in the performance contract, these studies concern
primarily volcanic and seismic risks and hazards, climate variability, water resources, the
dynamics of natural and human-exploited systems, the conservation of biodiversity, food
security, and the sustainable management of sensitive environments (forests, coastlines,
glaciers, etc.). In 2013, a significant share of the units’ research, training, and innovation
activities were conducted as part of structural mechanisms in the South: LMIs and UMIs
(joint international units), environmental observatories, pooled instruments, shared
technological programs and platforms, etc. As priority sites for research, knowledge
development, and strengthening the resources of research teams in the South, these
mechanisms are intended to better understand and sustainably manage spaces and species,
as well as to test hypotheses and scenarios within the current framework of climate change,
strengthened by the effects of anthropic pressures.
WHAT GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
ARE AVAILABLE IN AFRICA?
30
MORE PRODUCTIVE
AND RESISTANT VARIETIES OF RICE
31
GROUPER: SMALL FISHERIES
IN SENEGAL IN QUESTION
908
RESEARCHERS,
ENGINEERS AND
TECHNICIANS
958
ARTICLES
Contact: der@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
26
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH / PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
EVALUATING
SEISMIC DANGER
IN ECUADOR
City of Quito
in Ecuador
PARTNER HUGO YEPES
Geophysics institute of Quito, Peru.
“ Work to estimate the probability of seismic danger in
Ecuador was started in 2007 with IRD. Already by the 1990s,
IRD and the Geophysics Institute had worked together to study
earthquake scenarios for the city of Quito, highlighting the
significant risk in the Ecuadoran capital for the first time. The
current work is more quantitative and is being used in the new
version of the Ecuadoran Construction Standards. We hope to
reduce the seismic vulnerability of new buildings and engage
in a long-term program to reinforce existing structures to
reduce the risk.”
ECUADOR
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Seismic risk is a major problem for Ecuador. To better
understand the seismic potential of the region
and anticipate future events, researchers from IRD
and the Geophysics Institute of Quito catalogued past
seismic events.
E
cuador is characterised by significant seismic activity in the
Ecuadoran Sierra, as shown by the 1949 earthquake with
6,000 victims in the provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi,
Chimborazo and Bolívar. The risk also affects the coastal part
of the country, subject to the eastward movement of the Nazca plate.
From the coastal regions to the Andes cordillera, several major cities
including Quito, the capital, with 2.5 million inhabitants, are subject
to a potential threat. A broad prevention and evaluation program for
the seismic danger was launched to develop earthquake resistance
regulations.
Through the study of several existing databases, IRD seismologists
and their partners developed a unified and homogeneous catalogue
of seismicity based on five centuries of seismic events. They analysed
and catalogued earthquakes occurring between 1587 (shortly after the
arrival of the Spanish) and 2009 in the Andes cordillera, and during
the past 120 years in the coastal zone. This long-term analysis helped
obtain an inventory that is as representative as possible of the level
of seismic activity in the region under study.
The methods available to the researchers for characterising
an earthquake have changed over time. The first measurement
apparatus, installed at the start of the 20 th century, could only
record the strongest earthquakes (those of magnitudes greater than 7).
With the international networks of seismological stations that
appeared in the 1960s, it became possible to detect and locate most
earthquakes of a magnitude greater than or equal to 4.5. In the 1990s,
the Geophysics Institute of Quito developed a network of stations
providing more accurate instrument-based estimates of locations and
magnitudes. In 2009, this same institute established a catalogue of
the earthquakes occurring before the implementation of measurement
instruments and whose intensity was deduced from effects on people,
the environment, or buildings. The researchers analysed these
intensities to determine the magnitudes and locations of these socalled “pre-instrumental” earthquakes. The final catalogue covers
5 centuries, and contains 10,823 “instrumental” (of a magnitude
greater than 3) and 32 major “historical” earthquakes. The geographic
distribution of these events provides a first inventory of the high-risk
regions in Ecuador. Thus, in the cordillera, the specialists estimate
approximately a 30% probability that an event of magnitude 6 or
greater will occur in the next 20 years.
This long-term project is a first step toward quantifying the
seismic danger. Researchers are currently working on developing
earthquake recurrence models for Ecuador. These models rely on
the unified catalogue of seismicity, as well as on the study of active
faults and plate speeds measured by geodesics. Their objective is
to estimate the probabilities of movements occurring in the earth,
essential information for establishing an earthquake-resistant
construction code.
Céline Beauval – ISTerre Joint Research Unit (CNRS - IFSTTAR – IRD – Université
Grenoble 1 – Université de Savoie)
celine.beauval@ird.fr
Resource: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Population of Quito
27
PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
The bubonic plague is an endemic zoonosis in
many countries, but the factors responsible for the
persistence of this highly virulent disease remain
poorly understood. IRD researchers and their partners
studied host rodent populations in Madagascar. Their
results shed new light on monitoring and controlling
this disease.
T
Black rat, disease carrier
in Madagascar
PLAGUE
MONITORING
AND CONTROL IN
MADAGASCAR
PARTNER MINOARISOA RAJERISON
Director of the Central Plague Laboratory, Malagasy Ministry
of Health, Pasteur Institute of Madagascar.
“Since its introduction in 1898, the plague has been a
public health problem in Madagascar. The Central Plague
Laboratory is a WHO collaborating centre. Responsible
primarily for the diagnosis and monitoring of epidemics, it
also has a mission to monitor breeding-grounds and vectors.
Since 1993, a collaboration with IRD has helped develop
research on the ecology of rodents, with the goal of better
targeting the fight against the disease.”
MADAGASCAR
he bubonic plague, caused by the Yersinia pestis bacillus,
was the source of three pandemics in the history of
humankind, the last one having started at the end of the
19 th century. In present times, its persistence in many
countries in rodent populations is responsible for cases and even
epidemics in humans. But while the number of officially declared
cases in humans around the world is low (an average of 2,322 cases
and 176 deaths were recorded each year between 1987 and 2009
according to the WHO), the plague remains a deadly disease without
adequate antibiotic treatment, and it can propagate very rapidly.
Therefore, monitoring the rodents and fleas that are the vectors of
the disease is a public health priority.
With nearly one third of the human cases recorded since 1987,
Madagascar is one of the most significant plague outbreak sites in
the world. The disease has been endemic there since the 1920s in the
Hautes Terres (Central Highlands) region. IRD researchers and their
partners from the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar and the Ministry
of Health focused on populations of black rats, Rattus rattus, the
primary hosts for the plague in this region. For the first time, they
showed two factors that help explain the persistence of the disease
in Madagascar: first, the presence of rats resistant to the disease in
the Hautes Terres region, which helps maintain populations of hosts
and vectors after epidemics; and secondly, the dispersion potential
of the rodents, which varies in relation to topography. Thus, their
theoretical models suggest that the plague was first able to persist in
the mountainous regions because of populations of rats connected by
dispersion rates that were neither too high, able to carry the disease
in a limited way, nor too low, to allow recolonisation of the area after
an epidemic. The secondary evolution of resistance in black rats
reinforced this persistence over the long-term.
The researchers also conducted genetic studies to determine
the factors behind the rats’ resistance to the disease. Thus, they
identified nine genes coding proteins in the immune system or
Blood samples from
black rats
involved in fighting pathogens. These preliminary results open
up prospects for better understanding the infectious and immune
processes in question and for finding new therapeutic pathways.
Thus, this work is contributing new knowledge on the factors
behind the persistence of the plague in Madagascar, and in natural
plague outbreak sites in general. It could help establish more
targeted, less expensive, and more effective monitoring and control
strategies.
Carine Brouat – carine.brouat@ird.fr
and Jean-Marc Duplantier – jean-marc.duplantier@ird.fr
CBGP Joint Research Unit (Cirad – Inra – IRD – Montpellier SupAgro)
Resources: Plos Computational biology, Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, Molecular Ecology
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
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EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH / PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
The intertropical zone is especially exposed to climate
risks, and the countries of Africa, Asia, Oceania,
and Latin America are suffering the full force of the
dangers. The reconstruction of paleo-climates and
paleo-environments at various space and time scales
helps better predict extreme events, anticipate their
catastrophic effects, and understand the potential
consequences of climate change.
PAST
CLIMATES FOR
ANTICIPATING
THE FUTURE
Sediment coring
in Lake Chad
PARTNER DR MOUSSA ISSEINI
Director of the scientific and technical Research - Ministry of Higher
education and Scientific Research, Chad.
“IRD is a strategic partner of the Chad regarding research
for the development. This historic partnership enters a new
phase with the signature of a framework agreement of
scientific and technical cooperation between the scientific
Chadian Ministry of Research and the IRD. This agreement
identifies 4 priority programs of which the study of the
paleoclimatic variability of the Lake Chad. The research led
with Cerege on the paleoclimatic variability of the Lake Chad
allowed to obtain decisive results. The training of Chadian
students participates in this dynamics of cooperation which
represents for us an example to be followed.”
CHAD
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
I
n one century, average temperatures on the surface of the earth
will have risen by an average of 0.7°C to 0.8°C and, according
to various scenarios, they should be 1.1 to 6.3°C higher than
current temperatures by 21001. The warming of the climate on
a planetary scale is primarily due to human activities that emit socalled “greenhouse” gases. This global temperature increase is leading
to the melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, changes in precipitation,
changes in the salinity of oceans, the intensification of hurricanes,
and change in ranges of distribution for certain species. To study past
climates, researchers rely on true natural archives, ice and glaciers,
lacustrine and marine sediment, and coral and carbonate concretions
(speleothems). The various layers of accumulated matter trap organic,
inorganic, and biological components over time. These markers provide
precious information about the successive states of the atmosphere,
the biosphere, and the hydrosphere.
The analysis of pollen grains collected from sediment from
Lake Chad has helped researchers to reconstitute the plants and
precipitation that were prevalent in the region 6,000 years ago, during
the middle Holocene era. These results are especially interesting since,
during this period, the Sahara gradually became the desert that we
know today. The study of pollen and the reconstitution of precipitation
in this era thus provide indications about the adaptation of plants to
climate change. This can help develop models useful to understanding
current changes in a similar context of a warming climate.
Research is also being conducted in Latin America where IRD
researchers and their partners are studying relationships between the
ocean and the atmosphere. In fact, the dynamics of the ocean and
interactions with the atmosphere, especially in tropical regions, have
major repercussions on climate change around the world. The objective
is to reconstruct the evolution of the ocean’s surface temperature. In
particular, researchers are interested in changes to the upwelling2 zone
in Peru under the effect of alternating warm and cold periods during
the past 2,000 years. Their results show a difference in productivity
in these areas of cold water upwelling in relation to the atmospheric
temperature and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms
involved in the regulation of the climate by ocean currents.
Another study was conducted on concretions collected from the
Palestina cave in Peru. It helped researchers to reconstruct changes in
the South-American monsoons over the past 1,600 years with accuracy
of approximately 5 years.
By simultaneously using various types of climate archives to
describe the historic successions of climate types, changes in sea levels,
and extreme events on a regional scale, the work conducted by the IRD
researchers and their partners will thus help anticipate the changes
to come and refine scenarios and medium-term projections for water
resources, plant and animal production, and food security.
Information from the 4th report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change –
2007 report on climate change.
Upwellings of nutrient-rich cold water.
1
2
Florence Sylvestre – CEREGE Joint Research Unit (Aix-Marseille Université CNRS - IRD – Collège de France)
florence.sylvestre@ird.fr
Abdel Sifeddine – LOCEAN Joint Research Unit (CNRS – IRD – Muséum national
d’histoire naturelle – Université Pierre and Marie Curie)
abdel.sifeddine@ird.fr
Resource: Climate of the Past
Cave in Toronto National Park
in Bolivia
29
PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
WHAT
GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES
ARE AVAILABLE
IN AFRICA?
Geophysics training
in Burkina Faso
PARTNER NICAISE YALO
Coordinator of the Aqui Benin JEAI. “The ‘Aqui-Benin’ JEAI of the Laboratoire d’hydrologie
appliquée (Applied Hydrology Laboratory) at the University
of Abomey Calavi is devoted to capacity building in the
area of aquifer prospecting and modelling in Benin.
Our collaboration with IRD helps train students and
researchers in the practice of geophysical prospecting.
Thus they will be able to better serve Benin in both the
private and public sectors. The new knowledge acquired will
enable researchers from Benin to improve the integrated
and efficient management of groundwater resources to
achieve the Millennium Development Goals.”
NIGER
Using surface water is often problematic for African
populations as this vital resource can be lacking in
the dry season in semiarid zones. It is also sensitive
to various types of contamination. Groundwater is
an interesting alternative but it often remains poorly
understood. Through modern sub-soil investigation
techniques, studies conducted by IRD researchers
and their partners allow better quantification of
groundwater and its renewal, thus permitting its
sustainable management.
D
espite the progress made through the Millennium Development
Goals, only 45% of rural Africans have access to an improved
water supply to meet their domestic needs. Tens of thousands
of wells and boreholes have however been constructed in recent decades, but many of them do not produce enough water to meet
the needs of the people. To capture groundwater in sustainable ways,
structures must be installed both to enable the desired operating flows,
and also to have sufficient storage and renewal capacities to guarantee
these flows over the medium term.
In semi-arid regions, agriculture is a key resource whose development can be hindered by a lack of surface water. Researchers have
conducted studies near the city of Diffa, in extreme Southeast Niger
where pepper farming, a significant source of income for the local people,
has contributed to increasing irrigation needs. They sounded the aquifer
in the Komadougou river valley along a major geophysical transect. They
created a map of water resources down to a depth of 100 m by using
cutting-edge techniques: proton magnetic resonance and temporal electromagnetic surveys. The data collected will make it possible to position
future wells in the most promising areas. They also discovered that this
aquifer is not protected by clayey strata, which makes it vulnerable to
the un-managed use of fertilisers. Thus, these studies will be useful to
authorities for establishing sustainable water management as part of
the local agricultural development strategy.
Approximately 40% of the African continent is covered with ancient
rocks in which the volume of groundwater and well operating flows exploiting bedrock aquifers are typically low. In Benin for example, 40% of
the wells drilled are unusable (flow rates too low to supply a small rural
community of approximately 250 people) and less than 20% produce
enough water to supply an urban community. Also, important studies
Proton magnetic resonance
measurements in Niger
have been conducted since 2013 as part of the GRIBA (Groundwater Resources In Basement rocks of Africa)1 project in Benin, Burkina Faso, and
Uganda. Sponsored by IRD, it aims to quantify the volumes and renewal
of groundwater stored in bedrock aquifers, and to develop management
scenarios through hydro-geologic modelling. GRIBA is also committed to
supporting the development of a network of African researchers working
on these questions. Through an innovative and reproducible approach,
the stocks of groundwater that can be mobilised for human needs were
quantified for the first time in the major geological bedrock units in
Benin. The renewal rates for the water were calculated. Their behaviour
can be simulated based on various demand (demographic pressure) and
pluviometry change (climate variation) scenarios.
1
GRIBA brings together the European Union and the African Union.
Marc Descloitres – marc.descloitres@ird.fr
and Jean Michel Vouillamoz - jean-michel.vouillamoz@ird.fr
LTHE Joint Research Unit (CNRS – IRD – Université Joseph Fourier
Grenoble 1)
Resource: Journal of African Earth Sciences
For more information: Website for the GRIBA project: http://projet-griba.com/
http://projet-griba.com/
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
30
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH / PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
MORE
PRODUCTIVE AND
RESISTANT
VARIETIES OF RICE
Student working on
a sterile host
PARTNER PROF. DO NANG VINH
Co-director of the LMI RICE, Project Director at the Institut de
génétique agronomique (Agronomical Genetics Institute), Vietnam.
“In Vietnam, rice is not a cultivated plant, rice is life.
The research conducted by the LMI RICE is a database
of molecular genetics discoveries to supply rice
selection and improvement programs in Vietnam and
other Asian countries. This research is linked with
molecular biology training activities on rice and other
cultivated tropical species, which are very useful to aid
development.”
VIETNAM
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Vietnam is especially threatened by the consequences
of climate change and the repeated emergence of
new species of rice viruses and other pathogens. IRD
researchers and their partners are conducting genetic
studies to identify the elements that will help create
new, more productive, and resistant varieties.
I
mproving cultivated species and adapting agricultural customs
and practices to the effects of climate change is a major shortand medium-term challenge for communities in the South. The
two major rice production basins in Vietnam, the Mekong Delta
and the Red River, are particularly threatened by global warming. On
the one hand, this is translated by a significant drop in the levels of
these rivers, creating a lack of water, and on the other hand, by a rise
in sea level which leads to soil contamination from salt. The average
sea level has increased 20 cm over the past 50 years. Simulations show
a rise of approximately one metre by 2100, which would lead to the
loss of nearly 31,000 square km of arable land. Additionally, Vietnam
is affected by the recurrent emergence of new species of viruses and
other pathogens such as nematodes. However, maintaining a high
level of rice production is essential for food security in the country
and to meet increasing needs abroad. The development of new, more
resistant rice varieties would help maintain yields.
The activities developed within the framework of the LMI RICE 1
are based on functional genomics and biotechnologies to identify
new genes involved in the resistance of rice to abiotic and biotic
stresses and in its productivity. In particular, the research is focused
on studying the development of rice root structure. In fact, a deep,
branched root structure helps the plant to make optimal use of the
water resources available in the soil. Researchers have identified
several regulatory genes that could modify root development and thus
the plant’s ability to resist drought. They are studying the diversity of
the main genes that control these characteristics in Vietnamese rice
collections. They will then conduct functional studies to determine
the exact role of the genes studied and to promote the development
of new varieties that are better adapted to moisture constraints.
Other genetics studies are focusing on the development of panicles in Asian and African rice varieties. In fact, the number of grains
per panicle, which is dependent on the level of branching, is one
of the major characteristics that determine productivity. The genes
involved will be able to be used in local rice improvement programs.
Viruses and nematodes, against which no phytosanitary treatment is effective, regularly cause highly significant yield losses. At
the end of 2006, due to the serious consequences of two rice viruses
in the Mekong Delta, the government temporarily banned rice exports.
Recently, a new syndrome due to another virus spread rapidly in
the centre and north regions. IRD researchers and their partners are
studying the relationships between the plant and these pathogens to
better understand the mechanisms involved in the infection and to
identify genes that are resistant to the viruses and to nematodes. In
time, the researchers’ goal is to develop multiple, lasting resistances
to these bio-aggressors through genetic engineering.
By mobilising IRD teams and teams from the South, the research
conducted within the LMI RICE framework will help develop more
resistant rice varieties that are better suited to global climate change.
1
LMI Rice Partners: Vietnam: Agronomical Genetics Institute (AGI), University of Science
and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science (VAAS), France:
Université Montpellier 2.
Pascal Gantet – LMI RICE
pascal.gantet@univ-montp2.fr
Resources: Virus Genes, Gene Exp. Patterns, Trends in Plant Science
For more information: the LMI RICE website: https://sites.google.com/
site/lmiricevn/
In vitro rice plant
regeneration
31
PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
The emblematic fish of Senegal, the white grouper or
“thiof”, is becoming increasingly rare. IRD researchers
and their partners have shown that the falling numbers
are due to the expansion of artisanal fishing. They
recommend better management of small fisheries and
regulations on exports.
Fishing pirogues
in Senegal
GROUPER:
SMALL
FISHERIES IN
SENEGAL
IN QUESTION
PARTNER DR DJIGA THIAO
Research Coordinator at the Centre de recherches océanographiques
de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT - Dakar - Thiaroye Centre for Oceanographic
Research).
“The collaboration between IRD and the CRODT led to
the completion of my doctoral thesis, which contributed
a broad view of the trend in various key dimensions
of the Senegalese fishery over recent decades, as
well as the challenges for sustainably managing the
sector. We then conducted other studies on Senegalese
fisheries, published in prestigious journals. Maintaining
and intensifying this collaboration is highly desirable,
especially in the area of research production and
capacity building through stays in various IRD
research units.”
SENEGAL
T
he 700 km of Senegalese coast are some of the most wellstocked fishing grounds in the world, and fishing now provides nearly 70% of the animal protein requirements for the
Senegalese people. In the past 30 years, artisanal fishing has
developed considerably. Under pressure from global demand, the fleet
has expanded from 3,000 dugout canoes in 1980 to more than 12,000
today, and now accounts for two thirds of the country’s fish catch. The
majority of boats now have GPS navigation tools and sounders enabling
them to detect fish. They travel long distances, beyond territorial waters.
This improvement in fishing practices and the growing number of fishers
do however exert increasingly heavy pressure on fishery resources.
IRD researchers and their partners at the Centre de recherches
océanographiques de Dakar – Thiaroye (Centre for Oceanographic Research in Dakar – Thiaroye) are studying the trends in grouper stocks
in the region between 1974 and 2006. This fish, which even recently
provided the base for the national dish, “thiéboudiène”, is becoming increasingly rare in market stalls and has reached an exorbitant price per
kilogram. Researchers have shown a correlation between the expansion
of artisanal fishery - considered until then as a sustainable alternative
to industrial fisheries - and the decrease in grouper populations. In fact,
this hermaphroditic species is especially vulnerable to overfishing: it is
born female, and then changes sex at the age of approximately 12 years,
when it reaches 80 cm in length. Yet, the largest individuals, and thus
the males, are the preferred catch. This leads to an imbalance between
males and females, which threatens the reproductive capacity of the
fish and stock renewal.
This study highlights the necessity for developing a conservation
strategy incorporating management of the artisanal fleet and reduction
of the pressure that it exerts on the resource. In particular, the researchers recommend reducing subsidies that are incentives to continually
increase fishery capacities. They also recommend regulating exports,
which lead to an increase in the price per kilogram, to limit the economic
value of the species. The establishment of taxes and implementation of
awareness campaigns could be envisioned.
Seine fishing
in Senegal
Philippe Cury – EME Joint Research Unit (IRD – Ifremer
– Université Montpellier 2)
philippe.cury@ird.fr
Resource: African Journal of Marine Science
For more information: watch the video of Philippe Cury’s researches
Philippe Cury: http://youtu.be/6wEqQIC6F-4
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
32
33
NEW LIGHT SHED ON THE ORIGIN
OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA
IN HUMANS
34
WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS
FOR LIVER CANCER IN PERU?
35
2
Improving the health
of populations in the South
HIV/AIDS: LIMITING RESISTANCE
TO TREATMENT
Among the Millennium Development Goals, the health of populations
holds a major place and remains one of the main challenges
for research in the South. Studies have been conducted in close
collaboration with many researchers in the North and South.
258
RESEARCHERS,
ENGINEERS, AND
TECHNICIANS
492
ARTICLES
Infectious diseases and, in particular, those related to poverty (malaria, HIV infection, and
tuberculosis), rare or neglected diseases, and emerging infectious diseases have been widely
studied. In addition to basic research, better prevention, access to health care and medications,
innovations in diagnostic methods, treatments, vaccines, and vector control have been addressed.
So-called “lifestyle diseases” (cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity), the main
causes of morbidity and mortality in the countries of the North, are occurring more frequently in
the countries of the South. Because of this, they have been incorporated into the department’s
areas of study. Nutrition remains a major problem in the countries of the South, and is being
studied broadly by researchers at the Institute. Lastly, the environment and health area occupies
a growing share of interdisciplinary action and collaborations with other research institutions
within the Aviesan Alliance.
Contact: dsa@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
33
IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
NEW LIGHT
SHED ON THE
ORIGIN OF
PLASMODIUM
VIVAX MALARIA
IN HUMANS
PARTNER BENJAMIN OLLOMO
Researcher at CIRMF - Director of the Biodiversity, Ecology,
and Parasite Evolution team.
“Gabon is currently developing eco-tourism as one
path for diversifying its economy. Since 2002,
13 national parks have been created, covering an
area of more than 30,000 square km. Most are
inhabited by great apes such as gorillas and
chimpanzees. Yet, for several decades, studies have
shown that emerging and infectious diseases are
originating in these primates (HIV, Ebola, etc.). To evaluate
the risks for people, we conducted this study on malaria
in collaboration with IRD. The results show that in these
areas there is a risk of the parasites transferring from
apes to humans and vice versa. They will be useful in
establishing new prevention strategies.”
GABON
The second leading cause of malaria around the world,
Plasmodium vivax, is still relatively unknown. A study
conducted by IRD researchers and their partners is
contributing new information on its origin and evolution,
in great apes and Humans.
T
he WHO recorded 207 million cases of malaria in 2012 around
the world and 627,000 deaths, primarily among African
children. This disease, transmitted to Humans by a vector
mosquito is due to the Plasmodium parasite, of which the
two main species are Plasmodium falciparum, especially prevalent
and deadly in Africa, and Plasmodium vivax, prevalent especially in
South America and Asia.
There are still many gaps in knowledge about the evolution
and origin of Plasmodium vivax. Although it is absent from human
populations in Central Africa (as they are largely resistant to this
parasite), it has been discovered recently in great apes in the same
region. Until now, no link had been established between parasites
circulating in the great apes of Africa and in Humans in other regions
of the world.
A study conducted in Gabon has just contributed new
information. The researchers analysed and compared the genetic
information carried by Plasmodium vivax in the great apes of Africa
(gorillas and chimpanzees) and humans from around the world. Then
they showed that the parasites in the great apes formed a distinct
and much more diversified genetic group than that of the parasites
in Humans. This result suggests an older origin of the African simian
line. Therefore, this parasite would have undergone two distinct
waves of expansion over its evolutionary history. The first, quite
probably from Asia, would be the source of the line discovered in
African great apes. The second, occurring later, would have led to the
contemporary human line. Supplemental studies will help determine
the Asian or African origin of this second wave.
The researchers also showed that transfers from apes to Humans
or vice versa are possible. Thus, a parasite belonging to the African
simian line of Plasmodium vivax was isolated in a patient returning
from travel in the forests of Central Africa as well as in a species of
sylvan mosquito known for biting Humans. They also found a case of
a chimpanzee living in a reserve in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
infected by a strain that was very close genetically to the Plasmodium
vivax in Humans.
Chimpanzee
in Gabon
These discoveries contribute to resolving an already quite old
paradox, which is the infection of travellers with Plasmodium vivax in
Central Africa, while this parasite was considered to be absent from
human populations in this region. They also raise the question of the
potential role played by great apes as a reservoir for the parasite for
Humans, which singularly complicates the strategies implemented
to eradicate the disease in human populations.
Franck Prugnolle - franck.prugnolle@ird.fr
and Christophe Paupy - christophe.paupy@ird.fr
and François Renaud - francois.renaud@ird.fr
MIVEGEC Joint Research Unit (Université Montpellier 1 –
Université Montpellier 2 – CNRS – IRD)
Resources: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, PlosOne
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
34
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH / IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide
WHAT ARE THE
RISK FACTORS
FOR LIVER
CANCER IN PERU?
Clinical consultation
in Inen
PARTNER DR ELOY RUIZ
Cancer surgeon at Inen in Lima, Peru.
“Over my thirty years of surgical practice, I have observed a
decrease in the average age of cancer patients. We hope that
the financing awarded to our partner IRD will help contribute
to the understanding necessary to eliminate this phenomenon.
We also hope that the anti-cancer molecule discovered
recently by members of the PHARMADEV unit, and which won
the Innovation-Sud 2013 prize from IRD, will give new hope to
our patients.”
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
PERU
age of 40, most often with cirrhosis or hepatitis B or C.
incidence of the disease in abnormally young subjects,
the majority of which do not have any of the risk factors
classically associated with liver cancer and originating in
one region in the Andes.
T
he number of cases of liver cancer has doubled world-wide
over the last two decades, due to the increase of hepatitis
viruses, particularly in West Africa and South-East Asia
where they are highly endemic. The disease, also known
as “hepatocarcinoma” or “hepatocellular carcinoma”, now causes
almost 700,000 deaths per year around the world, according to
the WHO. There are currently very few available chemotherapy
treatments, which are often of debatable effectiveness and
economically unaffordable for the populations in question. Chemoembolisation, the injection of the medication directly into the
cancerous tumour, may help reduce its size, but the surgical operation
leading to its ablation is almost always used as a last recourse. These
major operations remain difficult to implement for the vast majority
of patients, nearly 85% of whom live in developing countries.
To make up for the lack of knowledge on liver cancer in Latin
America, the researchers performed a statistical analysis of clinical
cases of the disease in Peru, the country with the highest incidence
of the disease on the continent. They sifted through demographic
characteristics, risk factors and causes for more than 1,500 patients
from throughout the country, admitted between 1997 and 2010 at
the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Inen) in Lima.
Their results show that 50% of the individuals affected do not meet
the typical profile of those at risk. They are young people with an
average age of 25; some are even children, who for the most part do
not have the hepatitis B or C virus nor do they suffer from cirrhosis.
In addition, a third of those affected are women, contrary to findings
elsewhere in the world, where the sex ratio is much more unbalanced
“in favour” of men. A vast majority of patients had giant tumours
larger than 10 cm in diameter.
Researchers also observed that patients came from the southeast
part of the country and more particularly from the Andean regions
of Apurímac and Ayacucho. Such a specific geographic area could
Stéphane Bertani – stephane.bertani@ird.fr
and Éric Deharo - eric.deharo@ird.fr
PHARMADEV Joint Research Unit
(Université Toulouse 3 – IRD)
Resource: PLOS one
For more information:
Watch the video of Eric Deharo’s researches Eric Deharo:
http://youtu.be/ZJxJRQ24Yy4
indicate factors related to the environment and way of life of the
people affected. The initial analyses appear to eliminate any foodrelated source, linked to the local population’s consumption of
agricultural products containing mycotoxins, substances produced
by fungi, known to be one of the risk factors for liver cancer. The
theory of poisoning due to soil and water contamination by pollutants
from human activities in the region has yet to be explored. The
researchers also envision the potential for a genetic field favourable to
the appearance of the disease or of an unidentified infectious agent.
Thus, teams from IRD, INRA, and the Pasteur Institute, working in a
consortium, recently obtained major financing 1 to expand this study.
This project could help show new risk factors for liver cancer in
Peru. Better knowledge of the processes involved in this disease could
open up possibilities for new prevention and treatment strategies.
1
As part of the 3rd cancer plan - ITMO CANCER of the Alliance nationale
pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé (AVIESAN - National Alliance for
life and health sciences).
35
IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
Through recent progress on access to antiretroviral
treatment, seropositive people are now living longer and
in better health. However, HIV/AIDS remains one of the
major public health problems around the world, especially
in countries with low or moderate incomes. A broad
study contributes new data on resistance to treatment in
southern countries.
HIV/AIDS:
LIMITING
RESISTANCE TO
TREATMENT
I
HIV study
in Yaoundé
PARTNER CLAVER ANOUMOU DAGNRA
Deputy Director of the National HIV-STI Reference Centre,
Director of the National Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, Togo. “This is the first major study of virological failure and
resistance to antiretrovirals in Togo. The results showed
high failure rates and illustrate the difficulties encountered
with access to these treatments. Today, antiretroviral
coverage has significantly improved, but this leads to new
challenges: the creation of new treatment sites, availability
and training for medical staff, reinforced monitoring, access
to biological monitoring tools, etc.”
TOGO
n recent years, significant progress has been made in screening
and treating HIV/AIDS. However, 35.3 million people are still living
with the virus, and since the start of the epidemic, 36 million have
died according to the WHO. Efforts must continue, especially in
the countries of the South, where populations are especially affected
by the disease. The WHO has established some recommendations for
implementing antiretroviral treatments and patient monitoring in this
region of the world. They help monitor the effectiveness of treatments
in the absence of biological monitoring tools such as the measurement
of the viral load, and resistance assays, used routinely in wealthy
countries. The economic and social context, and the necessity, or even
urgency, of treating a very large number of people in the South justify
these recommendations, but their effectiveness is still in question.
The ANRS 12186 study, coordinated by IRD and its partners1, was
conducted between 2009 and 2011 in seven countries in the South,
including five in Sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Cote d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo) and two in South-East Asia
(Thailand and Vietnam). The main objective was to evaluate the
success of antiretroviral treatment in seropositive patients treated
in national health structures and according to the WHO treatment
recommendations. The researchers conducted virological analyses on
3,935 patients after 12 or 24 months of treatment. The results obtained
were highly variable from one country to another despite fairly similar
contexts and identical treatment recommendations. Thus, virological
failure rates were less than 5% in Burkina Faso and Thailand but
reached nearly 25% in other countries such as Togo.
This study also shows that in the event of treatment failure, the lack
of diagnostic tools such as measurement of the viral load favours the
appearance of resistance. In fact, the definition of treatment failure is
based on clinical, immunological, and virological criteria. In countries
with limited resources, only clinical and immunological criteria (CD4
lymphocyte assay) are typically explored. Rigorous patient monitoring,
proper management of medication inventories, and strategies for
Antiretrovirals
limiting the number of “dropouts” and improving treatment compliance
are therefore necessary.
The researchers also showed the feasibility and reliability of
sampling on filter paper (DBS) as a simple, inexpensive, alternative
tool to virological monitoring in the South. This technique is especially
well suited to decentralised access to antiretroviral treatment.
Thus, these results show that the approach taken by the WHO can
function in some countries of the South provided that treatment of HIV
infections is well organised. However, virological measurements seem to
be an essential and necessary monitoring tool for limiting the emergence
of a resistant virus.
1
AC11-AC12 Group at the Agence nationale de recherche sur le sida et les hépatites virales
(ANRS - National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis).
Avelin F. Aghokeng - avelin.aghokeng@ird.fr
and Ahidjo Ayouba - ahidjo.ayouba@ird.fr
and Martine Peeters - martine.peeters@ird.fr
TransVIHMI Joint International Unit (Université Montpellier 1 – IRD - Université
Cheikh Anta Diop – Université Yaoundé 1)
Resources: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal of Clinical Microbiology
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
36
DES RECHERCHES D’EXCELLENCE TOURNÉES VERS LES SUD / AMÉLIORER LA SANTÉ DES POPULATIONS DU SUD
37
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
IN THE MARQUESAS
38
HAITI, FOUR YEARS
AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE
39
3
Understanding the evolution
of southern communities
MIGRATION DYNAMICS
223
RESEARCHERS,
ENGINEERS, AND
TECHNICIANS
272
ARTICLES
58
BOOKS
245
BOOK
CHAPTERS
Social science research conducted by IRD aims to understand
the ways southern communities function and the relationships that
they develop with their natural, social cultural, economic,
and political environment.
The research focuses on three major areas of study: development and governance;
vulnerabilities, inequalities and growth; borders and social and spatial dynamics.
Researchers attempt to decipher the human and social factors that condition community
development processes. In 2013, Aeres evaluated the units in the Paris region. With
seven renewals and the creation of two new units in 2014, these evaluations attest
to the excellence of the work conducted by the researchers. This year also saw the
start of Med-Inn-Local, a program for innovation in the promotion of local specificities
in remote Mediterranean areas. The MediTer LMI developed and implemented this
program in partnership with Moroccan, Tunisian, and French teams. Since the end
of 2013, IRD has also been part of the Alliance for Research in Humanities and Social
Sciences, Athena.
Contact: dso@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
37
UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
The cultural and natural heritage of the Marquesas is
considered to be very rich and has been the subject of
many studies. On the other hand, its heritage associated
with the sea has been studied very little. The PALIMMA
project, conducted by IRD, the Agency for Protected
Marine Areas, and the association Motu Haka, is primarily
intended to identify, summarise, and develop new
knowledge about the coastal and marine cultural heritage
of the Marquesas by developing a participatory approach.
Participatory mapping
session
PARTICIPATORY
RESEARCH
IN THE
MARQUESAS
PARTNER SOPHIE-DOROTHÉE DURON
Agency for Protected Marine Areas, Director of the French Polynesia
office.
“One of the major innovations of PALIMMA was to
establish a «marine heritage reference» team.
These people from civil society were trained and directly
incorporated into the interdisciplinary team. The original
form of the team conducting PALIMMA, which brought
together Marquesan civil society (representatives,
people, and the cultural and environmental federation
of the Marquesas Motu Haka), natural area management
technicians (Agency for Protected Marine Areas), and
researchers (IRD), is essential to the success of these
studies in benefiting civil society and decision-makers,
within a management perspective.”
FRENCH
POLYNESIA
F
rench Polynesia comprises 118 islands spread over 5 million km²
of maritime area. Consisting of 5 archipelagos (Austral,
Gambier, Marquesas, Tuamotu, and Society), this area is
home to nearly 15,050 km² of highly diverse coral ecosystems.
At 2,000 km from Tahiti, the Marquesas archipelago is located in the
equatorial zone, north of the Polynesian maritime area. It is comprised
of 13 high islands that are nearly free of coral reef construction. Six
islands are inhabited and have a population of 9,000 inhabitants.
Recent aerial and oceanographic campaigns have helped confirm
the remarkable character of the natural marine environment of the
archipelago. In fact, its isolation from other islands has generated
exceptional endemism. Near the equator, the Marquesan waters
also benefit from significant trophic enrichment. The estimated
abundance of coastal fish species, open-ocean fishing, and the
observation of many higher predators, such as sharks and marine
mammals, attest to this richness. In the 1990s, consideration of the
exceptional nature of the Marquesas was acknowledged with the
launch of the registration process for becoming a UNESCO world
heritage site. In parallel, Polynesian authorities started discussions
on creating a managed marine area.
The PALIMMA project is intended to develop knowledge about
the cultural heritage associated with the coast and the ocean in and
around the Marquesas and to develop a management framework
through a resolutely participatory approach. In fact, the marine world
is especially important in Polynesian culture, and more specifically in
Marquesan culture, whether concerning major migrations, navigation
techniques, or fishing. The lack of barrier reefs places the coast in
direct contact with the ocean. Mythology, arts, and language attest to
this osmosis between humans and the ocean. For the IRD researchers
and their partners, the goal is first to produce accessible and shared
knowledge about coastal and marine cultural heritage by integrating
both the point of view of the “experts” and that of the general
population. To do so, the participatory mapping method implemented
will be supplemented with interviews to clarify the data collected.
These results will help incorporate the concept of cultural heritage
associated with the ocean into the perspective for creating a managed
marine area and supplement the maritime segment of an application
to register the archipelago as a UNESCO heritage site. The involvement
of local populations in these research and management processes will
help co-construct a territory in the anthropological sense of the term,
which is to say to create a social bond among the various participants.
By relying on the participation of elected officials and inhabitants, the
researchers will analyse the heritage creation processes and the place
of cultural heritage associated with the ocean within the framework
of programmed management of natural areas.
Through its participatory approach, the PALIMMA project
will involve civil society in advance and lead to the development
of proposals for best incorporating users into the processes for
managing and protecting their heritage.
Pierre Ottino-Garanger – UMR PALOC (IRD – French National Museum
of Natural History)
pierre.ottino@ird.fr
Petroglyph discovered by a Marquesas Island
guide on the island of Fatu Hiva
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
38
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH / UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES
HAITI, FOUR
YEARS AFTER THE
EARTHQUAKE
Life in the camps
in Haiti
PARTNER MRS DANILIA ALTIDOR
Director General of the Haitian Institute for Statistics and Computing.
“The earthquake on 12 January 2010 caused injuries, loss of
human life, and significant deterioration of housing conditions
for the people. It was important to measure the impact of the
earthquake on all living conditions to provide decision-makers
with a baseline at the time of the shift from emergency
management to restarting development, and long-term
structural actions. The partnership with DIAL and the INSEE
has been highly fruitful. The discussions have been of high
quality, and our young technicians have benefited from a
knowledge transfer to successfully carry out the preparatory
work and field operations. We hope that the collaboration with
IRD will continue with the collection and analysis of the data
as well as with the implementation of new surveys.”
HAITI
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Following the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010,
a study conducted by IRD researchers and their partners
analyses post-quake living conditions and assesses
the impact of the earthquake on Haitian society.
I
n Haiti there have been just over 50 natural disasters since
1900, and during the last decade, the country has been hit every
year either by a tropical hurricane or by major flooding. The
earthquake on 12 January 2010 had unprecedented consequences:
thousands of public buildings and residences were destroyed or
damaged, and tens or even hundreds of thousands of people died. More
than one million displaced persons were housed in 1,500 temporary
camps. Faced with this drama, emergency aid and then reconstruction
programmes were rapidly implemented.
As part of the project for the Évaluation d’impact du séisme en
Haïti (EISHA - Evaluation of the Impact of the Earthquake in Haiti)
financed by the National Research Agency, coordinated by the DIAL
unit, IRD researchers, and their partners, compared the results of
a 2012 survey on household living conditions after the earthquake,
conducted with 20,000 people throughout the country, to those from a
previous statistical survey conducted in 2007. They offer two snapshots
of household situations taken at a five-year interval. They help describe
the overall trends in society, and more specifically in the labour market,
before and after the earthquake. In parallel, researchers conducted a
biographical study, by re-interviewing nearly 600 households surveyed
in 2007 in the Port-au-Prince agglomeration. Thus, they were able to
learn their individual paths and understand the dynamics of each one
(career, geographic, and residential mobility, restructuring within the
household, etc.).
The researchers provided a summary of the economic situation
in Haiti that was both predictable and unexpected. Conditions have
significantly deteriorated, as witnessed by the decrease in median
household revenue of 57% between 2007 and 2012. Less clearly
apparent, other indicators also show this deterioration: the drop in
unemployment from 17 to 14%, the exceptional increase in labour
force participation rate of nearly 10%, and the return to agriculture
as a means of subsistence (from 38% of working people in 2007 to
47% in 2012). In fact the drop in unemployment attests to the fact that
Haitians have been forced to accept jobs that do not correspond to their
education level or goals. Similarly, the increase in activity, observed
in particular among young people, reflects the increase in the number
of youth who, from the age of 10, must work to contribute to family
Impact of the earthquake
in Haiti
income, to the detriment of school or higher education. Therefore we
are seeing a weakening of society and a real explosion in inequality.
This study also provides a first assessment of the impact of aid. In
fact, international aid has primarily been focused on the Port-au-Prince
agglomeration and on those living in camps. On the other hand, the
countryside and provincial towns had the majority of the victims and
damage despite being further from the epicentre of the earthquake
located under the capital. Moreover, most of the displaced people were
hosted by other households, thanks to a surge in solidarity among
Haitians who took an especially active role in emergency actions after
the earthquake, without receiving aid from international channels.
Thus, the most fragile groups (rural inhabitants, women, young people,
and Haitians of limited income) are paying the highest price for the
catastrophe.
Therefore, this work offers an overview of the major trends at
work in Haiti now. Such an analysis is a necessary prerequisite for
improving public policies - including preventive ones - for managing
natural disasters and international aid, the effectiveness of which is
now being called into question
Javier Herrera – javier.herrera@ird.fr and François Roubaud - francois.roubaud@ird.fr
and Claire Zanuso - zanuso@dial.prd.fr
UMR DIAL (IRD – Université Paris-Dauphine)
Resources: Seminar for the presentation of the preliminary results, Port-au-Prince, 2013.
Conference: “Four years after the earthquake in Haiti: What impact on the people and what
consequences for public policies?” Ministry of the Economy and Finance, 2014.
For more information: Website for the EISHA project: http://www.desastres-naturels.fr/fr
39
UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES / EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE SOUTH
With the intensification of the globalisation process,
demographic and migration dynamics have become the
subject of numerous scientific studies. IRD researchers and
their partners are studying these South-North and SouthSouth movements, their determining factors and their
consequences.
MIGRATION
DYNAMICS
Futuristic project for the
Dakar airport
PARTNER HASSAN BOUBAKRI
University of Sousse. “The University of Sousse and the URMIS unit have
conducted joint studies on migration and asylum
movements in Tunisia since the 2011 revolution,
as part of the MiCoDév2 programme. The studies have
focused on legal migrants in Europe who have tried
to reinvest their savings in the creation of companies or
activities in their native regions, but also on migrants
who have returned after being deported following
illegal residence. These works have given rise to joint
publications and student training.”
SENEGAL
S
tudies are therefore being carried out on African migrations.
While the political authorities are focusing their attention on
migrations to the West, 86% are actually intra-continental. As
an extension to the “intra-African policies and migrations”
focus area of the Polmaf1 regional pilot project, the primary objective
of the “Terrains revisités en migrations africaines” (Revisited land in
African migrations) workshop was to gain a better grasp of African
migration contours and, more specifically, intra-African ones. The
new migration maps, stimulated by new departures to Asia and Latin
American and the impact of events in Côte d’Ivoire and Libya were
therefore analysed. A variety of players are involved in migration
management: migrants take their religion with them, but religious
institutions and denominational NGOs also apply religious boundaries
along the way, offering new forms of assistance to these potential
followers. On the other hand, migrants finance candidates’ political
campaigns and contribute to changing attitudes within African
societies, challenging vote-catching practices.
Migration is also accompanied by processes of empowerment and
reorganisation of marital and family roles. Wives no longer necessarily
wait in the country for their migrant husbands for instance, and while
some children are unable to accompany their parents abroad, others
use unlawful means to join them with their own resources or leave on
their own.
Researchers are also taking an interest in return migration: these
migrants are no longer seen as major models of success, seemingly
being gradually replaced by the business man or politician. Moreover,
unlike in the past, they can no longer be distinguished by their
extravagances and do not always display external signs of wealth.
Scientists have shown how ordinary returns envisaged by ever less
heroic migrants took place, alongside hasty returns, made in the
context of emergency policies.
Other works carried out in collaboration with the Colegio de la
Frontera Norte in Tijuana are addressing the policies implemented
in the native countries, the role of international organisations,
migrants’ access to rights and statuses, changes to migratory
Border zone
in North Mexico
routes and the destruction of individual and family projects. Return
migration also questions traditional theories in terms of circulation,
fluidity of affiliations and transnational logics; the closure of borders
produces new situations of illegality, unfinished migration journeys,
rigidification of statuses and forms of house arrest and dependency.
This work has been conducted in the United States / Mexico / Central
America area from the north border of Mexico, specifically the city of
Tijuana, where many migrants deported by the United States can be
found, and in the Europe/ West African area from the cities of Agadez
(thoroughfare to Libya and fallback city) and Niamey (capital of Niger,
a point of departure to an international destination and also a point of
return, presenting not only economic but also social opportunities).
1
2
Public policies, societies, globalisation in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Migrations, Globalisation and Development Cooperation.
Sylvie Bredeloup - UMR LPED (Aix-Marseille University – IRD)- sylvie.bredeloup@ird.fr
Françoise Lestage - francoise.lestage@univ-paris-diderot.fr
and Elisabeth Cunin - elisabeth.cunin@ird.fr
UMR URMIS (IRD-Paris Diderot University, Nice Sophia Antipolis University)
Resources: “Terrains revisités en migrations africaines” workshop, October 2013, Dakar.
Procesos de repatriación. Experiencia de las personas devueltas a México por autoridades
estadounidenses, Paris Pombo, Maria Dolores, 2010.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
41
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
AIRD
AIRD
42
MOBILISING, COORDINATING,
AND LEADING DISCUSSIONS ON
RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
44
RESEARCH AND TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
46
CAPACITY-BUILDING
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
48
PROMOTING RESEARCH FINDINGS
AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERT
50
DISSEMINATING KNOWLEDGE
AND COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
The Agence
inter-établissements
de recherche pour
le développement
AIRD’s activities are organised around six lines of action: guiding
discussions on research for development; support for defining research
policies in the South, capacity building; engineering support
for research partnerships with countries in the South; promotion
and transfer of research results; and sharing and communicating
knowledge with civil society.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
AIRD
42
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT / MOBILISING, COORDINATING, AND LEADING DISCUSSIONS ON RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
MOBILISING,
COORDINATING,
AND LEADING
DISCUSSIONS
ON RESEARCH
FOR
DEVELOPMENT
Laboratory at the Côte d’Ivoire
Institut Pasteur
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
In 2013, AIRD was at the core of the reflection
process following the Higher Education and Research
Conferences and the Development and International
Solidarity Conferences.
the South? How to better integrate innovation into the core of
research for development?
• Lastly, a final subject was opened on free access to data, with
the legal, ethical, and technological questions that this raises.
The Agency’s role and future held an important place in the
discussions that accompanied and followed the joint inspection
report conducted by the General Inspectorate for the French National
Education Administration and the General Inspectorate for Foreign
Affairs, submitted in July. Faced with the ambiguity of its positioning
within the IRD and in the absence of basic financing, the authorities
decided to eliminate the AIRD in 2014.
However, as it meets a real need for synergy on the French national research for development landscape, the Agency has obtained
notable results since 2010.
Leading reflection on research for development
The Agency’s Advisory Board (COrA), the entity for North-South
debates and exchange, launched the first four areas for discussion:
• The first, on the impact of research on development, sought
to answer the following questions: what is the right level of
observation for establishing a relationship between research and
development? What are the priority targets (decision-makers,
research communities, populations, etc.)? What are the processes
to be envisioned and the dialogues to be built to increase this
impact? How can we measure the effectiveness and efficiency of
the resources implemented?
• Research for development is faced with rapid and significant
changes: the globalisation of research subjects, appearance of new
players, new research community structures, etc. These transformations suggest and require renewing the practice of North-South
research partnerships. A second working group proposed cooperative procedures able to create and ensure trust among partners:
its recommendations have been summarized in the draft charter
on research for development, mentioned at the Cicid (Comité interministériel de la coopération internationale et du développement - Interministerial committee on international cooperation
and development) in July 2013.
• A working group on innovation and research for development
attempted to answer two major questions: how to adapt public
tools to support innovation to the conditions of the countries in
Training after the Haiti
earthquake
43
MOBILISING, COORDINATING, AND LEADING DISCUSSIONS ON RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT / THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
AIRD
AIRD
Foreign Affairs with a total of €1.9 M over three years, was also
launched. This programme supports networking of African research
teams for training, research assistance, and South-South mobility
activities. Seven networks and six research projects have started work.
Market gardening
in Mali
Supporting the definition and implementation
of research policies in the South
AIRD continued its action to promote the reconstruction of
the higher education and research system in Haiti. Following the
seminar on strengthening research capabilities in Haiti, held in 2012
with Quisqueya University in Port-au-Prince and the University of
Quebec in Montreal, the Agency launched an invitation to tender
intended to identify young Haitian research teams and assist their
development through financial support. It also involved facilitating
their association with more experienced foreign teams. Three such
teams were selected. 2013 also saw the completion of the Pendha
project (Plan d’enseignement numérique à distance pour Haïti - Digital
distance learning plan for Haiti) conducted closely with the University
Agency of La Francophonie through financing primarily from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This project helped establish 12 digital
spaces and train several tens of Haitian teachers. AIRD also supported
Haitian authorities in establishing a Doctoral college and in defining
accreditation procedures for doctoral schools.
The Ministry of Higher Education and Research of Cote d’Ivoire
entrusted AIRD with responsibility for a program intended to
strengthen Ivoirian research capabilities, with €2 M as part of the Debt
Reduction and Development Contract (C2D). These credits will finance
a call for projects to restart research on health and technologies in
cooperation with French research teams. The project also includes
support for assistance with research, innovation, economic
promotion, and scientific expertise.
The call for projects planned in the Parraf program (Programme
d’appui à la recherche en réseau en Afrique - Program for network
research support in Africa), financed by the French Ministry of
THE “VALORISATION SUD” THEME-BASED
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CONSORTIUM
(CVT) STARTS ITS FIRST ACTIONS
Furthermore, Cirad, the Institut Pasteur,
IRD, and overseas universities joined
forces to create a theme-based
technology transfer consortium
(CVT) “Valorisation Sud” (Technology
transfer in developing countries), to
boost the transfer of technologies
and know-how adapted to tropical and equatorial regions and to
countries on their way to joining the world economy. In 2013, the
CVT’s Director was hired, its headquarters were established in
Marseille, and the team was gradually formed. The first promotion,
marketing and patent and technology transfer operations have
started.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
visit the website of CVT Valorisation Sud:
http://www.cvt-sud.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
AIRD
44
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT / RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES
RESEARCH
AND TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
Biodiversity inventory in Kenya
(JEAI Kenweb)
Contact: dpf@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
One of the Agency’s missions is to initiate and support
research excellence for the South and with the South.
To do so, the AIRD is co-constructing and managing
research programmes and is helping European partners
coordinate research devoted to development of the
countries in the South.
Programme management
During 2013, the AIRD devoted €2.07 M to finance more than twenty
research and training programmes and an additional €2.5 M to help
strengthen the capabilities of our partners in the South. Co-financing
from partners and international backers often multiplied financing
abilities between five- and ten-fold.
Several programs were built with partners from the South:
Guayamazon, intended to structure and support collaboration among
research teams from Brazil, the Guyana region, and metropolitan
France on the subject of the Amazonian biome; STDF a partnership
program with the Egyptian Science and Technology Development Fund;
the Great Green Wall programme with the APGMV (Agence panafricaine
de la grande muraille verte - Pan African Agency for the Great Green
Wall) on the function of ecosystems and the local use of semi-arid
Sahel environments; the three-way France-Brazil-APGMV programme
to fight desertification.
In the health sector, AIRD is working alongside Ministries and
major research institutions to structure the CRV-OI (Centre de recherche
et de veille sur les maladies infectieuses émergentes dans l’océan Indien Centre for Research and Monitoring of emerging infectious diseases in
the Indian Ocean). It is also helping the Aviesan Alliance in establishing
a regional centre for the study of emerging pathogens in Southeast Asia.
The Agency is also managing several programmes with the ANR
(French National Research Agency) including Agrobiosphere, which
covers transitions to sustainable production systems. Lastly, it manages
programmes with various partners: Agroforestry, with CIRAD, on
agriculture in temperate African zones; Mistrals, with the CNRS, on
the environment and climate changes in the Mediterranean region;
Demtrend, with the Hewlett Foundation, on demographic questions
in Africa; SEPDD with the AFD (French Development Agency) and the
FFEM (French Fund for the Global Environment), on the promotion of
plant research to the countries of the South.
Mbafaye market
in Senegal
Cooperative activities in Europe
IRD is very widely mobilised to participate in the collaborative
research projects and institutional international development
projects of the FP7. 2013 closed programming in the areas of the
sciences, technologies, and innovation. Between 2007 and 2013,
IRD received total contributions of €22.3 M for 79 projects including
12 coordination projects on research or innovation plans as well as
institutional projects.
45
RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES / THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
The Ministry of Higher Education and Research also tasked the
Agency with organising the France-Germany-Africa call for humanities
and social science projects.
The AIRD is assisting IRD researchers in launching Horizon 2020.
In its capacity as “national contact point”, it led a training program
on this topic in Buenos Aires, which brought together 110 participants.
The monitoring activity on scheduling European development
aid managed by the General Directorate for Development and
Cooperation (DG DEVCO) was structured around two objectives: on
the one hand, positioning IRD within development aid programs
targeting priority issues and regions; and on the other hand, better
influencing programming so that research can be confirmed as a
factor in development.
As part of the Incontact network, the Institute held a conference
in Marseille on International cooperation on research and innovation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean.
Bringing together 160 international experts from 68 countries, it presented the opportunities offered for these regions by Horizon 2020
as well as the sources of financing for projects of common interest.
Other projects helped strengthen research and technical cooperation between the European Union and the South: PACE-Net+
(Pacific), CAAST-Net+ (Africa), MED-SPRING (Mediterranean),
Sheracca+ (Egypt), and ERA-Net for Latin America.
AIRD
AIRD
NEARLY ONE MILLION EUROS ALLOCATED
TO THE GLOBALMED PROJECT
Globalmed, “artemisnin-based combination treatments: an illustration
of the global market for the medication from Asia to Africa”, was the first
IRD project financed as part of the
European IDEES (ERC) programme.
Coordinated by Carine Baxerres,
anthropologist at the “Mother and
child against tropical infections”
UMR, this project aims to study
the market for treatments in Benin
and Ghana where the pharmaceutical systems differ noticeably; the
research is based on the example of anti-malarial drugs based
on artemisnin.
PACE-NET+: INNOVATIVE INSTRUMENT
FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Guiana biodiversity
Devoted to the Pacific region, this European project, coordinated
by IRD in Noumea, started in September 2013. It brings together
16 partners and aims to strengthen bi-regional dialogue on science
and technology between the European Union and the Pacific. It
will concentrate on the three major social challenges of health,
food security, and natural resource management in light of climate
change.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
AIRD
46
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT / CAPACITY-BUILDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
CAPACITYBUILDING IN
DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
The objective of capacity-building activities is to transfer
knowledge generated by development research to
research partners. The programmes aim to strengthen
the capabilities of individuals, research teams, and
partner institutions.
Supporting individual training
Concerning individual support, AIRD has implemented the ARTS
(Allocation de recherche pour une thèse au Sud - Research Grant for a
Thesis in the South) and BEST (Research and Technology Exchange
Bursaries) programmes. Twenty-four ARTS bursaries were allocated
in 2013, bringing their total number to 110. Twelve BESTs, focused on
hosting researchers, engineers, and technicians from the countries of
the South at research or higher education institutions outside their
country, were allocated, bringing their total number to 34. In addition,
Cirad has entrusted the Agency with managing a third invitation to
tender for the DDS programme (Doctoral grants for countries in the
South). Eight new doctoral candidates have been selected, bringing
the total number of DDS bursary students to 33. Lastly, continuing the
Agency’s opening to the French research community, the partnerships
established with the CNRS and the Fondation Mérieux helped support
five doctoral candidates.
Supporting partners in the development
of their higher education and research system
Contact: sud.formation@ird.fr
For more information: watch the video regarding Nathalie Diagne’s
research thesis results: http://youtu.be/38demKRfqyg
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
The Agency is supporting partners in the South with the ATS
programme (Actions thématiques structurantes - Base-Building
Activities) It helped complete 23 collective projects conducted in
the South (creation of networks, training workshops, summer
schools) through direct participation in major initiatives together
with institutions such as AFD, the FRB (Foundation for Research
on Biodiversity) and the PREFALC programme (Programme régional
France-Amérique latine-Caraïbe - France-Latin America-Caribbean
Regional Programme).
The last year of the GVal-Food Security programme led to three
training programmes, including one in partnership with the IFS
(International Foundation for Science).
Once again, Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey asked the IRD
to host a training program in writing research projects.
Training workshop on reefs
in New Caledonia
Lastly, as part of the IHERD programme (Innovation, Higher
Education and Research for Development), two international workshops
were organised in partnership with the OECD. One in Marseille covered
the design and implementation of innovation and research policies
in developing countries, while the other in Dakar was devoted to R&D
efficiency for institutional policies and practices in Francophone
Africa.
Supporting research teams
Support for emerging teams in developing countries is also vital
to increase the autonomy and international competitiveness of the
Institute’s partners. Thus, seven new teams have been selected as
part of the JEAI programme, bringing their total number to 42. The
PEERS Programme (Programme d’excellence pour l’enseignement et la
recherche au Sud - Program for Excellence in Teaching and Research
in the South), intended to support North-South two-person teams
comprised of experienced teacher-researchers managing a research
project that includes a significant training component, supported six
new projects. Thirteen PEERS are currently underway.
47
CAPACITY-BUILDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
4 11 Tunisia
1 1 5 Morocco
Algeria 2 2
Mexico 3 1 1 1
Haiti 2
3 2 1 13 3 Senegal
Costa Rica 1
1 1 Egypt
2 India
Niger 2 4 2
Burkina
2 2 3 9 6 Faso
Venezuela 2
1 Syria
4 Lebanon
Mali 1 1 1 1
1 1 Mauritania
Ghana
1 1 1
1 1 2 1
1 1 Togo
Cameroon 2 2 1 15 4
1 5 2 Ecuador
Benin
3 2 3 12 2
1 Uganda
Malaisia 1
Kenya 2 2 1
GEOGRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION OF
CAPACITY-BUILDING
Seychelles 1 1
4 1 Brazil
Bolivia 2 1
Vietnam 4 2 13
Cambodia 2
Ethiopia 1
Gabon 2
Peru 1 11
1 Laos
Thailand
3 1 3 4 Ivory Coast
2 1 4 1 Colombia
AIRD
AIRD
1 1 Indonesia
1 Comoro Islands
Mozambique 1 1
Madagascar 1 1 3 2
Chile 2
Argentina 1
JEAI
PEERS
DDS
ARTS
BEST
On the basis of the number
of country packages
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
AIRD
48
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT / PROMOTING RESEARCH FINDINGS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
PROMOTING
RESEARCH
FINDINGS AND
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER
Contact: dvs@ird.fr
For more information: watch the video regarding
Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron’s research, specialist in Arab law:
http://youtu.be/8OVqMdHrL9A
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
The findings of research centred on developing countries
are promoted, on both political and economic levels,
through assessments, actions aimed at protecting
and capitalizing on intellectual property,
and numerous collaborations with industrial partners.
These activities generated €4.3 million in annual
income.
Collegial assessment and consulting
The collegial assessment assignment provided in June 2012 for
the Offi ce of the President of the Court of Cassation of Egypt led
to the publication of a bilingual French-Arabic book at the end of
2013. Intended for legal environments and jurisdictions in Egypt
and France, this work provides guidance in the appropriation of
many recommendations issued by the college of experts. In fact,
the situation within Egypt is closely examining the role of law and
allocations of judicial power.
The year was also marked by the launch of collegial expertise
on the conservation of and development strategy for Lake Chad,
sponsored by the Lake Chad Basin Commission (CBLT) and the
French Global Environment Facility (FFEM). The conclusions and
recommendations set out in the final report cover all the constraints
related to water resources, demographic and migratory dynamics,
variability of resources and activity systems, and governance of the
lake.
A dozen institutional consultancy reports have been remitted
at the request of Government administrations, public authorities,
development agencies, and research firms. These consultancies
have addressed a wide range of topics such as a socio-economic
and anthropological study of coastal fishing activities in Guinea, an
evaluation of the modelling of zones suited to the establishment of the
vector for dengue and chikungunya (Aedes albopictus), and research
on operational indicators associated with women’s nutritional habits,
within the framework of a global study conducted by the United
Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
Intellectual property and technology transfer
In 2013, IRD processed ten new patent applications, bringing the
number of active patent families in its portfolio to 110, with royalties
totalling €1.1 M. Two thirds of this portfolio is co-owned with companies
or other research organisations. The share co-owned together with
partners from the South has now reached one third. To increase the
potential for global promotion of the portfolio and to reduce or stabilise
the related costs, only patents with high socio-economic potential were
kept.
The technology transfer activity was strengthened considerably
with more than twenty meetings with industrials. Three licensing
contracts and one option were signed. Two of them cover technologies
related to fishing and aquaculture. As an example, IRD and the Institute
for Research on the Peruvian Amazon Region granted the company
Skuldtech the right to produce and market a kit for sexing Arapaima
gigas, an Amazonian fish, to optimise reproduction in captivity of this
species with high economic potential.
Lastly, the “Valorisation Sud” CVT managed by IRD, the Institut
Pasteur, CIRAD and overseas universities, and financed through the
framework for Future Investments, started its activity.
49
PROMOTING RESEARCH FINDINGS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER / THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
GRAPH SHOWING THE
DISTRIBUTION OF THE
PATENT PORTFOLIO
Nutrition / Food
4%
Aquaculture / Fishing
5%
HIV
6%
AIRD
AIRD
Cosmetics
4%
Neglected diseases
28%
Other diseases
7%
Pollution control /
Environment / Bioremediation
8%
Measurement devices and
other equipment
15%
Business creation
The various mechanisms established by IRD, in particular the
Innodev and Bond’innov incubators, the Nouméa incubator and
the PACEIM programme, are now assisting nearly one hundred
entrepreneurs. The Institute is also promoting North-South networking
of assistance structures (incubators, special programmes, investors,
etc.) around those working on projects for innovative companies
focusing on markets in the South. Assisting the creation of jobs based
on technological innovations adapted to the South bears witness to
the impact of research efforts for the socio-economic development
of countries in the South. As such, one dozen companies created by
IRD are active around the world. They have generated the creation of
90 jobs, with a cumulative income of €2.2 M.
In 2013, the Bond’innov incubator launched two new calls
for projects. Out of the 11 business creation projects hosted by the
incubator, 9 have activities related to developing countries (3 of
which are located in the South and assisted remotely). Five incubated
projects were awarded prizes: Moroccan entrepreneurial start-up
competition, the Orange Social Entrepreneur in Africa prize, the
Burkina Faso entrepreneurship prize organised by the World Bank,
North and South innovative
entrepreneurship meetings
in Bondy
Plant genetics / Agronomy
23%
and winner of the Emerging Competition from the Ministry of Research.
The Bondy campus hosted the Conferences on innovative North-South
entrepreneurship, which brought together one hundred participants to
debate support for the creation of innovative businesses in the presence
of Minister Pascal Canfin, the President of the National Assembly,
Claude Bartolone, and IRD President Michel Laurent.
Human resources at the Innodev incubator in Dakar were strengthened for better monitoring of project leaders and financial capacity
building through fundraising.
The signature of a partnership agreement between IRD and the
Agency for the Economic Development of New Caledonia (ADECAL)
will allow operations to start at the New Caledonian incubator at the
IRD site in Anse Vata.
Industrial partnerships
IRD is promoting the establishment of responsible public-private
partnerships together with the South. These research partnerships,
signed with industrials, entrepreneurs, professional associations,
and corporate foundations, involve all the Institute’s major research
fields. The context of the economic crisis did not hinder the signature of
91 agreements for research collaboration (56%), research services
(12%), consortia (5%), framework agreements (3%), biological
equipment transfer (8%), and confidentiality (15%). The number of
applications processed continues to increase, and the total amount
for the agreements signed has reached €3.1 M.
PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
“My project consists of developing and distributing biomarkers
that can predict cardiovascular diseases. The PACEIM programme
will help me to return to Lebanon while maintaining my research
activities and collaborations in France, and to develop technologies
that do not exist on the market. The concept was approved by IRD,
Marseille Innovation, and Berytech. Partnerships are being developed with the Clipp Dijon platform and the University of Balamans
in Lebanon. Thanks to PACEIM, a complete R&D and commercial
feasibility study will be conducted for the creation of the business
and its development in Lebanon.”
Ramzi El Feghali – Doctor of cardiovascular pharmacology, PACEIM
programme award winner.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
AIRD
50
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT / DISSEMINATING KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
DISSEMINATING
KNOWLEDGE AND
COMMUNICATING
INFORMATION
“L’eau au cœur de la science”
(Water at the heart of science) exhibition
in Malabo in Equatorial Guinea
Disseminating knowledge and sharing research results
to research communities and civil society in the North and
South are an important part of the Institute’s activity.
Capitalising on knowledge
Efforts to capitalize on knowledge acquired through research have
prompted the development of several resource-sharing tools. IRD
collects all publications by its researchers and makes them available
through the Horizon database and the open archive HAL. The Horizon database is still frequently consulted, especially in countries of
the South. In 2013, it ranked third among French open archives, according to Webometrics Web repository data. It was just behind HAL and
HAL-SHS, to which IRD also contributes. It ranked 128 th globally,
and 37th for the wealth of its content. IRD has also committed to a
partnership with 28 French research stakeholders to promote Open
Access and the shared HAL platform.
The SPHAERA cartographic database contains more than
18,000 references and helps disseminate news of the Institute’s achievements in terms of geographical information.
Lastly, the Indigo photo library, one of the richest research photo
libraries in France, now holds nearly 55,000 photos.
Disseminating knowledge
Contact: dic@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
In 2013, 26 books were published or co-published, including: Quinoa
et quinueros (Quinoa and quinueros), published for the International
Year of Quinoa; Interactions insectes-plantes: Les marchés urbains du
travail en Afrique subsaharienne (Insect-plant interactions: the urban
labour markets in Sub-Saharan Africa) co-published with the French
Development Agency, and 50 ans de recherche pour le développement
en Polynésie française (50 years of research for development in French
Polynesia). IRD is currently part of a consortium of public publishers participating in the Open Edition Books initiative, supported by the Digital
Research Library. A selection of 60 books in the humanities and social
sciences were placed online on this portal in 2013.
Twelve films were also produced or co-produced, and 12 others are
in production. IRD research projects in the Himalayas were the subject
of a shoot for the Planète Glace (Ice Planet) series, a co-production with
Arte and Radio Canada. Among the eight films that won awards in 2013,
Vivre en enfer (Living in Hell) received the award for the best series at
the prestigious Japanese Wildlife Film Festival.
A highlight in cartographic product publishing was the publication
of the New Caledonia Atlas and the development of the Atlas of Vulnerable
Areas and Territories in the La Paz agglomeration. Sixty-five students from
the South also received training in geography and geomatics.
AIRD also sponsored 59 conferences, including the 40th Congress
of the International Commission on Research Exploration in the
Mediterranean and the Conference on the Climate in Africa (CCA 2013).
Improving the Institute visibility
The Institute’s visibility in the media improved very significantly
in 2013, with 2,820 press clips, a 56% increase over 2012, including
34 articles in Le Monde, 40 programs on RFI, 21 on France Inter,
43 AFP news releases, and 10 articles in the journal, La Recherche.
Sixty-five press releases were distributed.
Scientific news sheets present the most recent IRD research
results, two or three times per month. To date, more than 450 sheets
have been placed online on the IRD institutional website. Intended
for French and foreign media, governing Ministries, IRD partners,
decision-makers, and the public, they present summaries of current
research information. In 2013, 28 scientific news sheets generated
more than 150 articles in the press.
51
DISSEMINATING KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATING INFORMATION / THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
AIRD
AIRD
THE PARCOURS MIGRATOIRES PROJECT
“Students especially liked this initiative as it was different from the
traditional classroom work structure. They had the feeling that we
were considering things that affect them, while they sometimes
tend to think that what they are studying is isolated from reality.
They were also able to make the link between their daily concerns
and the investigatory work that they were conducting.” Jérémy
Abram - Professor of History and Geography and civic, legal, and
social education at the St-Exupéry secondary school in Marseille.
Bangui Webradio Fennec club
in the Central African Republic
For more information:
Listen again to the programs from Webradio Fennec:
http://www.webradiofennec.fr/
Strengthening ties between science and society
The newspaper Sciences au Sud, with a circulation of 75,000 copies
across more than 100 countries, continues its efforts to offer its columns
to partners.
Visits to the Institute’s website increased by 8% with more than
6 million visitors and approximately 23 million page views. Despite
the digital divide, Internet users in francophone Africa are among the
most loyal visitors to the institution’s website. The AIRD website saw
the most significant increase, with 160% more visits. These websites
enjoy very good visibility in the South. IRD also solidified its presence
on social networks: the number of “followers” on Facebook and Twitter
doubled this year.
Raising awareness in society about the challenges of research for
development and mobilising young generations around these questions has led IRD to deploy a broad palette of activities in France and
in the countries of the South.
Twenty-five travelling exhibits are available, including four new
ones. Their dissemination increased significantly with presentations
at 190 sites, including 138 in the French cultural network abroad. The
L’eau au cœur de la science (Water at the core of research) exhibit,
which presents major French research projects on water, was presented
66 times in France and abroad.
Researchers attended 250 conferences intended for the general
public, 75% of which were outside metropolitan France.
Youth have benefited from innovative educational materials:
Webradio Fennec, a radio blog devoted to the environment, brought
together 14 student clubs in Cameroon, the Central African Republic,
Morocco, and France. Forty-one reports, produced with help from
researchers, are now online. Approved as part of the Marseille European Capital of Culture 2013 programme, the Parcours migratoires
(Migration Patterns) project mobilised 250 secondary school students
and 15 social science researchers. Equipped with a website, it finished
with an international conference that brought together the French,
Moroccan, and Tunisian participants. Launched in September 2013,
a new project, Villes en questions (Questions on Cities), will enable
young Mediterranean residents (Morocco, Tunisia, France) to have
an informed, reasoned, critical debate on the social bonds in their
neighbourhoods. Lastly, one thousand secondary school students
from the PACA region were able to follow conferences on the Institute’s
headline issues.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
53
RESOURCES
54
HUMAN RESOURCES
56
INFORMATION SYSTEM
GENDER EQUALITY
57
Resources
PLATFORMS OPEN TO
OUR PARTNERS
58
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
54
RESOURCES / HUMAN RESOURCES
There is great cultural diversity at IRD, whose staff
members work in no fewer than 45 countries. Several
mechanisms have been implemented to promote
sustainable daily working relationships in the North
and South.
HUMAN
RESOURCES
Research as part of the
LMI Rice in Vietnam
On 31 December 2013, IRD staff size stood at 2,354, including
845 researchers, 980 engineers and technicians, and 529 staff members
recruited in the South (317 full-time and 212 temporary employees in
25 countries), regardless of funding source (government subsidy or
research contract) and employment status.
The 2013 researcher host campaign selected 14 applicants to
conduct their research work in the South. Mobility campaigns have
helped 10 engineers and technicians to join IRD. Twenty-seven researchers won competitions, and 133 engineering or technical agents were
promoted through the advancement campaign.
Renewal of contractual relationships
with staff recruited on site
In 2013, a guide describing the framework of best practices for
managing staff “recruited on site” was published and disseminated
DISTRIBUTION OF STAFF BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
in % number of agents (Total 2,354)
Mediterranean
Asia 4.8%
9.1%
Latin America
and Caribbean
6.5%
Pacific East Africa
2.8% and Indian Ocean
4%
Europe-North
America
0.1%
Western
and Central Africa
15.5%
Metropolitan France
57.2%
Figures as on 31/12/13
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
to all unit representatives and directors. In line with this guide, the
IRD president signed the establishment-level agreement for staff in
Madagascar on 24 September 2013. Compensation terms changed for
staff “recruited on site” in Brazil with the adoption of a restructured
salary framework.
Lastly, social dialogue involving local staff and expatriates was
institutionalised with the generalisation of representative councils.
Securing career paths
In addition to the recruitments made in 2013, agents who are not
full-time employees received special attention. Implementation of law
no. 2012-347 dated 12 March 2012, the so-called “Sauvadet” law, concretely led to the transformation of 6 positions into open-ended
contracts, and the opening of 10 competitions reserved for category A.
An instruction on managing non-full time agents on fixed-term
and open-ended contracts was approved by the IRD bodies (Public
Institution Technical Review Committee on 26 November and Board of
Directors on 6 December), after consultation with the unions.
Observatory on quality of working life
and the prevention of psychosocial risks
In advance of the national memorandum of agreement dated
22 October 2013, signed by 13 unions and the Ministry of Public
Service, since 2009, IRD had wanted to implement an assessment
of the social climate with its agents in France and abroad. The
recommendations in the report led to the creation of an observatory
on psychosocial risks, which has met twice: a first meeting helped
define working methods and establish an operating charter, and
a second initiated a research study on consideration of working
structures and their changes and repercussions on agent health and
careers. The results will be available in 2014.
Additionally, interdisciplinary groups were established to
support agents in difficult situations at work. A first “quality of
working life” group was officially launched in 2013 at the IRD South
France centre. It has met twice and examined several individual
situations. The group, comprising a human resources professional,
prevention workers (prevention physician, social worker), and a local
management representative (administrator), is intended, beyond
listening, to analyse requests and propose action plans adapted to
agents’ needs.
55
HUMAN RESOURCES / RESOURCES
FLOW OF MISSIONS
THE STAFF
in number of days
(21%)
Total
Researchers
783
62
-
845
700
280
529
1,509
1,483
342
529
2,354
Total
North/South:
44 ,636
Contractual workers
governed by local law
Engineers and Technicians
North/North: 36,908
South/North:
33 ,091
Contractual workers
governed by French
public law
Tenured and hosted
Figures as on 31/12/13
(26%)
(19%)
PYRAMID OF AGES
(excl. locally recruited temporary staff)
South/South: 60,405
Age
(35%)
5
5
108
38
226
84
209
140
169
Maintenance and access to jobs
for disabled agents
The second year of implementation of the agreement between
the FIPHFP (Fonds pour l’insertion des personnes handicapées dans
la fonction publique - Fund for the integration of disabled persons
into public service) and IRD helped recruit 6 disabled agents. An
awareness action was conducted at the IRD North France centre, and
disabled representatives attended conferences on disabilities at work.
Efforts in this area were supported and strengthened, in particular to
acknowledge disability in IRD structures.
Engineer and technician assessment:
including contract workers
The human resources policy aims to assist all staff with career
development. For three years, it has led the Institute to commit to
the evaluation process for engineering and technical agents hired
on fixed-term or open-ended contracts, similarly to the evaluation
of tenured public service agents. These campaigns intended for
contract staff, based on an annual interview with the line manager,
and finalised with the writing of an assessment report, have seen
a continually increasing file return rate: in 2013, three quarters of
contract staff were evaluated.
146
167
155
161
144
84
62
TOTAL MALE
1,184
250
200
110
85
10
150
100
0
50
TOTAL FEMALE
951
27
0
50
Male staff
150
100
200
Female staff
Figures as on 31/12/13
DISTRIBUTION OF STAFF BY SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS
Scientific
departments
Metropolitan
France
Western and
Central Africa
Latin America
and Caribbean
Asia
Pacific
Mediterranean
East Africa and
Indian Ocean
Europe - North
America
Total
Environment
and resources
599
84
55
45
58
31
35
1
908
258
Health
157
75
7
15
1
-
2
1
Communities
157
26
12
8
3
8
9
-
223
Total
913
185
74
68
62
39
46
2
1,389
Figures as on 31/12/13
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
56
RESOURCES / INFORMATION SYSTEM - GENDER EQUALITY
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Serving the strategy and facilitating coordination
at the Institute
Resized in 2012 to account for the Institute’s budgetary constraints,
the 2011-2015 SDSIT is now 47% complete. IRD now has three new steering tools. They give an overview of the actions conducted through
partnerships, facilitate payroll and employment coordination, and give a
consolidated, real-time view of the accounts managed by the various boards.
Assisting research and partnerships with
the southern countries
International Internet connections have significantly improved
in twenty sites and are dimensioned for more widespread use of
videoconferences. IRD now has 68 rooms equipped for videoconferences.
In particular, these services, which are widely available to partners,
give access to one hundred research servers, 150 websites, and various
software licences administered by the Institute.
The SPIRALES call for projects1 provided support to 12 research units,
such as the establishment of a MIS platform facilitating the collection,
analysis, and sharing of spatial biodiversity data from the Senegal River
delta (Pateo LMI).
Facilitating the Deployment of Research
Platforms in Africa
The governments of Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, Benin, Cameroon, and
Burkina Faso benefited from recommendations from IRD, RENATER,
and CIRAD to structure their national higher education and research IT
networks. This is also the case for WACREN, the organisation responsible
for constructing a regional education and research network in West and
Central Africa.
These actions will promote South-South and South-North computer
exchanges among research teams, facilitate access to global databases,
and promote knowledge production and dissemination. Within this perspective, in 2013 Malagasy universities adopted a dedicated IT network,
which they are now opening to their European partners including IRD.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Optimising and securing user services,
and reducing costs
The email service had 99.92% availability, or only 6.5 hours of
interruptions in 2013. Six million emails were processed, 2 million
spam messages were intercepted, and 1,500 viruses were stopped
each month. The IT assistance department responded to more than
1,500 questions per month.
The choice of innovative solutions, in particular an economic
model based on renting infrastructure services for hosting IT
equipment, should improve the security and reactivity of the IT system
and reduce costs.
GENDER EQUALITY
Hydrology
in Tunisia
A major challenge for IRD
The Institute continued and strengthened the awareness actions
initiated in 2012, in particular by hosting a “Women and Sciences in
the South” workshop, organised as part of the “8 March throughout
the year” operation established by the Ministry of the Rights of
Women. Some offices also hosted awareness and information
sessions.
A second statistical report on the role of women at IRD was carried
out based on data from the 2012 social report. For the first time, this
report used the indicators and model structure for the comparative
progress report (RSC) that will be required throughout the public sector
beginning in 20142. Out of the 2,135 IRD agents as of 31 December
2012, 32% of researchers, 57% of engineers and technicians, and 34%
of local staff were women, a slight increase over 2011. The observed
increase in women on staff since 1993 shows that the number of
female researchers tripled from 10 to 32% by the end of 2012. Women
are a majority in category B, in central services, there was an equal
number in the Institute’s representative offices, and women were in the
minority by a significant amount in the Environment and Resources
Department. The age pyramid, balanced between 35 and 50 years old,
shows that there are more women up to the age of 35, and more men
over age 50.
For more information:
Watch the film:
“L’une est l’autre”:
http://youtu.be/SENCnNLw7y0
A strong commitment to parity
On 4 October 2013, Michel Cadot, Prefect of the PACA Region, and
Michel Laurent, IRD President, signed the charter for professional
equality between women and men at IRD. As the implementation of
the national charter signed in January 20133, it expresses the Institute’s
desire to address this issue and work internally to promote professional
equality. It will be implemented through an action plan to be developed
in 2014. Already translated into Malagasy, Portuguese, and Spanish, it
is in the process of being translated into Arabic, Italian, and English.
It has been disseminated to all Institute agents.
SPIRALES provides direct support (financial, methodological, expertise) to research teams, in
terms of research computing.
1
The RSC will allow for comparisons among all French public institutions to establish a national
report on professional equality indicators in the public sector.
2
National charter signed by the Conference of University Presidents and the Ministries of the
Rights of Women and Higher Education and Research.
3
57
PLATFORMS OPEN TO OUR PARTNERS / RESOURCES
PLATFORMS
OPEN TO OUR
PARTNERS
THE LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH
PLATFORM IN NEW CALEDONIA
Inaugurated in 2008, the life sciences research platform in New
Caledonia pools molecular biology research activities requiring
investment in cutting-edge equipment and significant operating
budgets. It was created as a result of the desire of five research
institutions to pool their equipment: IRD, the New Caledonia
Agronomics Institute (IAC), IFREMER, the Pasteur Institute of
New Caledonia (IPNC), and the University of New Caledonia
(UNC). The joint acquisition of high-performance molecular
tools helps assess terrestrial and marine biodiversity to develop
optimised management of these key resources for sustainable
development. It also helps expand knowledge on life-sciences
processes by analysing the dynamics and spatial distribution
of genes and their expression in regional ecosystems. This
platform brings together and structures a training and research
excellence centre, to help investigate life sciences, from the
cellular to the ecosystem level.
The IRD is committed to a resource pooling strategy
to make cutting-edge equipment available, not only in
Metropolitan France, but also in southern countries.
Several technological platforms for innovative research, such
as Alyses, dedicated to tropical soil and sediment research, or
CapMédiTrop, which focuses on the genetic analysis of cultivated
tropical plants.
In the health sector, centres for research and monitoring (CRV –
centres de recherche et de veille) have been created. The CRV-OI
on emerging diseases in the Indian Ocean, established in 2007 in
response to the Chikungunya epidemic that occurred in the region.
The multi-disciplinary observatory in Niakhar, Senegal, offers
another example of the interest of pooling resources to improve
research quality. It is one of the oldest health and demographic
monitoring systems in Africa.
Vast resources have also been dedicated to ecosystem observation
and research: the networks of satellite branches (SEAS), the
environmental research observatories (ORE), and the tropical herbaria
in Nouméa and Cayenne.
The ocean station vessels Alis and Antea also cruise the Pacific
and tropical Atlantic, enabling researchers to conduct oceanographic
campaigns through partnerships.
THE MEDITERRANEAN OBSERVATORY
FOR THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT
AND WATER
Following the invitation to tender launched in 2001 by the
Ministry of Research to establish Environmental Research
Observatories (ORE), the LISAH and HSM Joint Research Units,
the National Institute of Agronomics in Tunis (Inat) and the
Tunisian National Institute for Research on Rural Engineering,
Water, and Forests (Ingref) established the Mediterranean
observatory for the rural environment and water (Omere).
This observatory fits within the context of research on global
changes affecting water systems. It is focused on French and
Tunisian Mediterranean agrosystems, which are intermediate
environments between arid and temperate environments where
widespread anthropic actions have existed for thousands of
years, and which are currently undergoing considerable changes
due to a rapid increase in population density in particular. These
are also latitudes where various climate change scenarios are
predicting the largest changes in precipitation: scarcity of
winter precipitation, increase in storm precipitation, increase
in extreme rains, etc. Omere will help the joint acquisition of
medium and long-term structured observations on anthropic
activity, discharge regimes, physical and chemical soil erosion
processes, and change in surface and subterranean water
quality. It has also helped structure a Tunisian partnership
through the Jasmin JEAI and is a training support for students
from the North and South. Omere is part of the network of
drainage basins (Soere RBV) and the “Critex” Equipex project.
For more information:
Visit the website of the
Omere Observatory:
www.obs-omere.org
Study of plant extracts
in New Caledonia
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
58
RESOURCES / FINANCIAL RESOURCES
THE IRD ’S RESOURCES
FINANCIAL
RESOURCES
The 2013 budget fits with the trajectory defined by
the 2011-2015 Performance Contract, and the changes made
to the national research financing model.
Resource allocation, boosted by contract financing, is centred on
three priorities: to further consolidate research excellence focused
on seeing initiatives through to their conclusion, such as through
partnership mechanisms deployed by IRD (LMIs and PPRs); to maintain an active investment policy in terms of research activities and their
environment; and to continue the modernisation and simplification of
support functions.
Key figures
The Institute’s net income for 2013 was €239.582M vs. €235.565M
in expenditures. The funds received correspond to a €205.157M
Government subsidy (i.e. 85.6% of total income, compared to 88.4%
in 2012), research contracts (€27.856M, i.e. 11.6%), research products,
services provided, and other products (€6.569M, i.e. 2.8%). Payroll
(including expatriation compensation) was €171.763M, or 72.92% of
expenses (+1.76% compared to 2012).
In total, research unit expenditures increased by more than
€600,000 over the previous financial year, and their budget mobilised
63.7% of the Institute’s financial resources.
Financial resources secured for partnership
instruments with the South
Maintaining excellent research partnerships requires sustained
and continuous investment in collaborative technical platforms
meeting the highest standards. To do so, IRD has allocated increased
resources to them since 2011.
In 2013, several additional financing channels made this increase
possible. The resources contracted in 2013 under the Future Investment
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Total €239.58m
Government subsidies
85.6% (€205.16m)
Alis ocean research vessel
Other subsidies
and incomes
1.9% (€4.60m)
Value-added products
0.8% (€1.96m)
Programmes reached more than €1.3M (Coral LABEX, Super IDEX,
E-Recolnat infrastructure). Including the CVT “Valorisation Sud”
and the Géosud Equipex, launched in 2012, the total amount of
commitments received by IRD for Future Investments was more
than €12 M. The resources allocated on incentive loans and finalised
actions represented a total amount of nearly €1M for PPRs, LMIs,
and research equipment. Lastly, funds provided by the Agency (seed
money and external resources) totalled €16.618 M (an increase of +11%
in execution).
An active investment policy on behalf
of the research environment
Resources allocated to investment came from three structuring
plans:
• €1M in commitments helped establish the 2012-2015 SPSI (multiyear real estate strategic plan), giving priority since 2012 to reducing the
number of sites posing significant safety risks for persons and property,
and the launch of energy audits. This effort was covered by a significant
increase in income (+€300 K) associated with the promotion of heritage
and sharing structural costs with partners;
• €1M were also allocated to the SDSIT (information system master
plan) to initiate necessary modernisation measures in all IRD strategic
areas, including research, partnerships and management, from the
perspective of sharing and modernising tools at the unit level;
• The purchase of vehicles totalling €1.2M as part of the vehicle
fleet renewal and modernisation plan.
Research agreements
and donations
11.6% (€27.86m)
ORIGINS OF THE ALLOCATED RESOURCES,
including research agreements - Total €28.6m
Foreign private partners
(including international
organisations)
9.78% (€2.80m)
European funds
8.92% (€2.55m)
Other foreign
public partners
12.01% (€3.43m)
Agence nationale de
la recherche (ANR)
19.66% (€5.63m)
French private
partners
7.46% (€2.13m)
Other French public
organisations
17.69% (€5.06m)
French public
establishments
1.42% (€0.40m)
French Ministries
14.73% (€4.21m)
Local
governments
8.34% (€2.39m)
59
FINANCIAL RESOURCES / RESOURCES
EXPENSES OF THE UNITS (IN €M)
Staff
expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Environment and Resources Department
81.13
15.69
96.82
Health Department
22.30
5.98
28.28
Societies Department
22.19
2.66
24.85
125.62
24.33
149.95
Staff
expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Climate and natural risks
6.11
0.64
6.75
Sustainable management of Southern ecosystems
24.13
3.75
27.88
Research department
Total
Research department
Continental and coastal waters
21.94
4.76
26.70
Food security in the South
23.60
4.96
28.56
Health security and health policy
22.30
5.98
28.28
Development and globalisation
27.54
4.24
31.78
125.62
24.33
149.95
Staff
expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Southern research and training programme
1.23
4.49
5.72
Southern Promotion
0.95
1.59
2.54
Total
Continuation of safety and optimisation actions
for the support system and structural projects
Several key actions illustrate this process:
• The approval of the multi-year strategy for optimising support
functions and management processes by the Institute’s bodies (CTEP
and CA) over the first half of 2013;
• The improvement and increased reliability of financial statements
and channels by certification of the Institute’s accounts, which in 2013
only included one reserve (securing assets) versus seven in the first
version in 2011;
• Initiation of the modernisation project for the contract steering,
engineering, and management process;
• The “purchasing” action plan, which, in its first year, helped
establish a significantly modernised organisational structure, and
initiate savings on the most significant items, in particular for missions.
EXPENDITURE ON CROSS-CUTTING ACTIVITIES (IN €M)
Information and Scientific Culture for the South
4.49
1.85
6.34
Geostrategy & Partnership
10.35
3.69
14.04
GEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOWN OF EXPENSES (in €M)
Metropolitan France
Scientific coordination
4.15
1.34
5.49
Africa and Indian Ocean
Scientific assessment, ethics
0.37
0.37
0.74
Overseas territories
Continuous training
0.23
1.20
1.43
AIRD Agency
0.50
1,51
2.01
FI/IP naval resources
0.07
3.73
3.80
-
0.20
0.20
22.34
19.97
42.31
Staff
expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Social action
0.15
1.51
1.66
Information system
Large-scale scientific facilities
Total
144.05
34.14
20.90
14.79
Latin America
13.72
Asia
7.00
Mediterranean
Other countries
0.96
SUPPORT FUNCTION EXPENDITURE (IN €M)
3.30
5.41
8.71
Maintenance
-
0.02
0.02
Heavy work
-
1.57
1.57
Construction work
-
-
-
Territorial services
9.39
4.82
14.21
Central services
10.96
5.92
16.88
-
0.25
0.25
Financial operations
Other general expenses
0.002
0.004
0.006
Total
23.80
19.50
43.30
Grand total 2013
171.76
63.80
235.56
Unscheduled
operations
and investments
25.42% (€59.87m)
THE IRD ’S
TOTAL
EXPENSES
BY TYPE
Total €235.56m
Staff
72.92% (€171.76m)
Scheduled
investments
1.66% (€3.93m)
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
61
APPENDICES
62
THE IRD’S INSTITUTIONS
63
CENTRAL SERVICES:
OUR GALLERY
64
Appendices
IRD ESTABLISHMENTS
WORLD-WIDE
66
THE RESEARCH UNITS
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
62
APPENDICES / THE IRD’S INSTITUTIONS
THE IRD’S
INSTITUTIONS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Chairman
Michel LAURENT
Representatives from the line ministries
Ministry of Higher Education and Research
Didier HOFFSCHIR
Head of the Bio-Resources, Ecology and Agronomy
Sector at the General Directorate for Research and
Innovation of the Ministry of Higher Education and
Research.
Christiane KÉRIEL
Departmental Advisor, General Directorate of Higher
Education.
Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs
Anne GRILLO
Director of mobility and attractiveness.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Cooperation
Jean-Marc CHÂTAIGNER
Deputy Director General for globalisation,
development, and partnerships.
Ministry of the Budget, Public Accounts, and Civil Service
François POUGET
Head of the Office for Research and Higher Education,
Directorate of the Budget.
Ministry of Overseas France
Mathieu LEFEBVRE
Deputy to the Assistant Director of the Public Policies
Department.
Qualified personnel outside IRD
Pascal SAFFACHE
Ex-President of the Université des Antilles
et de la Guyane.
Alain FUCHS
President of the CNRS.
Jean-François DELFRAISSY
Director of the INSERM’s Multi-Organisation Thematic
Institute - Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Michel EDDI
President of the CIRAD.
Frédérique VIDAL
President of the Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis.
Rahma BOURQIA
Sociologist, Anthropologist, Former President of the
Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, Morocco.
Achille MASSOUGBODJI
Doctor, Professor at the Faculté des Sciences de la
Santé of Cotonou, Benin.
Roger GOUDIARD
Director of the CEFEB – AFD.
The Institute’s staff representatives
Didier BOGUSZ
STREM-SGEN-CFDT, representing the research staff,
First Class Research Director, DIADE Joint Research
Unit.
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL
Chairman
Gilles PISON
Demography - University Professor.
Vice-Chairman
Hervé DE TRICORNOT Economy and Mathematics - IRD Research Director.
Appointed members
Driss ABOUTAJDINE
Information Sciences - University Professor.
Ndeye Arame Boye FAYE
Atomic Physics - University Professor.
Jean-Claude LOUIZY-GABRIEL
SNPREES-FO, representing the IT staff, Engineering
Assistant.
Pascale DELÉCLUSE
Physical Oceanography and Climate - Research
Director.
Éric DELACOUR
SNTRS-CGT-IRD, representing the IT staff,
Second Class Design Engineer.
Jean-Louis DENEUBOURG
Social Ecology - University Professor.
Alain FROMENT
SNCS-FSU, representing the research staff,
First Class Research Director, PALOC Joint
Research Unit.
Nolwen HENAFF
STREM-SGEN-CFDT, representing the research staff,
First Class Research Fellow, CEPED Joint
Research Unit.
Jean-Louis JANEAU
STREM-SGEN-CFDT, representing the IT staff,
First Class Design Engineer, BIOEMCO Joint
Research Unit.
Marc DUFUMIER
Comparative Agriculture - Emeritus Professor.
Anna-Bella FAILLOUX
Medical Entomology - Research Director.
Jean-Michel SERVET
Development Economics - University Professor.
Jacqueline SIGNORINI
Information Sciences - University Professor.
Danièle WERCK-REICHHART
Plant Metabolism - Research Director.
Régis HOCDÉ
Observatories and research infrastructure - IRD
Research Engineer.
Jakob ZINSSTAG
Veterinary Epidemiology - University Professor.
Pierre LEBELLEGARD
Computing - IRD Research Director.
Elected members
College I - IRD Research Directors
Michel AGIER
Anthropology and Ethnobiology - IRD Research
Director.
Philippe CURY
Marine Ecology - IRD Research Director.
Hervé DE TRICORNOT ((Vice-Chairman)
Economy and Mathematics - IRD Research Director.
CSS (SECTORAL SCIENTIFIC
COMMISSIONS) CGRA
(RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
MANAGEMENT COMMISSIONS)
Chairs
Alain GHESQUIÈRE
Plant Genetics - IRD Research Director.
CSS1: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Environment
Nicolas ARNAUD
Marie-Pierre LEDRU
Palynology - IRD Research Director.
CSS2: Biological and medical sciences
Claudio LAZZARI
Pierre SOLER
Geochemistry and Petrology - IRD Research Director.
Jeanne GARRIC
Aquatic Ecotoxicology - Research Director.
College II - IRD Research Associates
Vincent CHAPLOT
Pedology - IRD Research Associate.
Jean-Bosco OUEDRAOGO
Medicine and Parasitology - Research Director.
Olivier DANGLES
Ecology - IRD Research Associate.
Florence PINTON
Rural sociology and environment, interactions
between society-nature, systems and actors Professor AgroParisTech.
Karine DELAUNAY
History and Anthropology - IRD Research Associate.
Gilles PISON (President)
Demography - University Professor.
Marthe Dorothée MISSÉ
Virology - IRD Research Associate.
Madeleine Félicitée REJO-FIENENA
Biodiversity and Environment - University Professor.
College III - IRD Engineers and Technicians
Odile FOSSATI
Ecology and Hydrobiology - IRD Research Engineer.
Olivier EVRARD
Ethnology - IRD Research Associate.
Didier ORANGE
Hydrology and Geochemistry - IRD Research
Associate.
CSS3: Science of ecological systems
Jean-François AGNESE
CSS4: Humanities and social sciences
Mireille VOLAHANTA RAZAFINDRAKOTO
CGRA1: Engineering and expertise
Michel PETIT
CGRA2: Administration and management
Isabelle HENRY
63
CENTRAL SERVICES: OUR GALLERY / APPENDICES
CENTRAL SERVICES:
OUR GALLERY
Michel Laurent
Chairman
Luc Mesquida
Ariel Crozon
Accounting office
Anne Coudrain
Scientific evaluation
department
Cabinet
Jean-Marc Hougard
Bernard Dreyfus
Geostrategy and
partnership department
at 1st March 2014
Jean-Yves Villard
Stéphane Raud
(acting director)
Science division
Resources division
AIRD division
Robert Arfi
Environment and Resource
department
Hervé Tissot-Dupont
Health department
Luc Cambrezy
Anne-Marie Tièges
Societies department
Christian Devaux
Management
of research and
training programmes
in the South
Human resources
Marie-Lise Sabrié
Information
and scientific culture
for the South
Gilles Bernard
Finance
Christophe Chambon
General operations
management
Pierre Bos
Legal affairs
Gilles Poncet
Information systems
Stéphane Raud
Expertise
and consulting
in the South
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
64
APPENDICES / IRD ESTABLISHMENTS WORLD-WIDE
IRD ESTABLISHMENTS
WORLD-WIDE
La Réunion
Cameroon
Regions of expertise: Mayotte, Scattered Islands
in the Indian Ocean
Representative: Pascale Chabanet
• Postal address:
IRD La Réunion - CS 41095
• Physical address:
2, rue Joseph Wetzell
Parc technologique universitaire
97495 Sainte-Clotilde cedex, La Réunion
Tel.: 262 (0)2 62 52 89 19
Fax: 262 (0)2 62 48 33 53
la-reunion@ird.fr
www.la-reunion.ird.fr
Regions of expertise: Congo - Gabon - Equatorial Guinea Central African Republic -Democratic Republic of the Congo
Representative: Bruno Bordage
IRD - Rue 1095 Joseph Essono Balla
Quartier Elig Essono - BP 1857 - Yaoundé - Cameroon
Tel.: (237) 22 20 15 08 - (237) 22 21 17 36
Fax: (237) 22 20 18 54
cameroun@ird.fr
www.cameroun.ird.fr
Madagascar
METROPOLITAN FRANCE
AND EUROPEAN UNION
EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
AND INDIAN OCEAN
Head office - IRD
South Africa
44 bd de Dunkerque
CS 90009 - 13572 Marseille cedex 02
Tel.: 33 (0)4 91 99 92 00
Fax: 33 (0)4 91 99 92 22
www.ird.fr
Regions of expertise: Angola – Botswana - Mozambique Zimbabwe
Representative: Jean Albergel
Postnet Suite 164 – Private bag X844
Silverton – 0127 Pretoria
South Africa
Tel.: 27 (0) 12 844 0117/0118
Fax: 27 (0) 12 844 0119
afrique-du-sud@ird.fr
www.afrique-australe.ird.fr
Northern France Centre
Dominique Cavet (acting director)
32 avenue Henri-Varagnat - 93143 Bondy cedex
Tel.: 33 (0)1 48 02 55 00
Fax: 33 (0)1 48 47 30 88
bondy@ird.fr
www.france-nord.ird.fr
Southern France Centre
Director: Michel Petit
911 avenue Agropolis - BP 64501
34394 Montpellier cedex 5
Tel.: 33 (0)4 67 41 61 00
Fax: 33 (0)4 67 41 63 30
montpellier@ird.fr
www.france-sud.ird.fr
IRD - CLORA
Representative: Jean-Pierre Finance
8, avenue des Arts
B1210 Bruxelles
Belgium
Tel.: (32 2) 506 88 48
Fax: (32 2) 506 88 45
bruxelles@ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
Kenya
Regions of expertise: Ethiopia - Uganda - Tanzania
Representative: Alain Borgel
IRD - C/o ICRAF
United Nations Avenue, Gigiri
P.O. Box 30677 - 00100 Nairobi
Kenya
Tel.: (254 20) 722 47 58
Fax: (254 20) 722 40 01
kenya@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/kenya
Regions of expertise: Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles
Representative: Sophie Goedefroit
IRD près Lot VB 22
Ambatoroka
Route d’Ambohipo - BP 434
101 Antananarivo - Madagascar
Tel.: (261 20) 22 330 98
Fax: (261 20) 22 369 82
madagascar@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/madagascar
WEST AND CENTRAL
AFRICA
Benin
Regions of expertise: Ghana - Nigeria - Togo
Representative: Gilles Bezançon
Résidence « Les Cocotiers »
08 BP 841 - Cotonou - Bénin
Tel.: (229) 21 30 03 54
Fax: (229) 21 30 88 60
benin@ird.fr
www.benin.ird.fr
Burkina Faso
Representative: Jean-Marc Leblanc
IRD - 688 avenue Pr. Joseph Ki-Zerbo,
Secteur 4, 01 BP 182 - Ouagadougou 01 - Burkina Faso
Tel.: (226) 50 30 67 37 / 39
Fax: (226) 50 31 03 85
burkina-faso@ird.fr
www.burkina-faso.ird.fr
Côte d’Ivoire
Representative: ongoing appointment
Campus de l’UFHB
01BP V 34
Abidjan - Côte d’Ivoire
Mali
Region of expertise: Guinea
Representative: Bruno Sicard
IRD - Numéro 2000, rue 234
Quartier Hippodrome - BP 2528
Bamako - Mali
Tel.: (223) 20 21 05 01 / 12
Fax: (223) 20 21 64 44
mali@ird.fr
www.mali.ird.fr
Niger
Region of expertise:
Representative: Oumarou Malam Issa
IRD - 276 avenue de Maradi
BP 11416 - Niamey
Niger
Tel.: (227) 20 75 31 15 / 26 10 - (227) 20 75 25 30
Fax: (227) 20 75 28 04
niger@ird.fr
www.ird.ne
Senegal
Regions of expertise: Cape Verde - Gambia Guinea Bissau - Mauritania
Representative: Yves Duval
IRD - Immeuble Mercure
Avenue Georges Pompidou
X Wagane Diouf - BP 1386 - CP 18524
Dakar - Senegal
Tel.: (221) 33 849 83 30
Fax: (221) 33 849 83 48
senegal@ird.fr
www.senegal.ird.fr
MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Egypt
Regions of expertise: Jordan - Lebanon - Libya - Syria
Representative: Said Jabbouri
• Postal address:
IRD - P.O. Box 26 - 12211 Giza - Egypt
• Physical address:
46, rue 7 - 11431 Maadi - Le Caire - Egypt
Tel.: (202) 23 59 71 53
Fax: (202) 23 78 33 08
egypte@ird.fr
www.eg.ird.fr
Morocco
Representative: Benoît Lootvoet
IRD - 15 rue Abou Derr
BP 8967 - 10000 Rabat-Agdal
Morocco
Tel.: (212) 537 67 27 33 / 12 66
Fax: (212) 537 67 27 43
maroc@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/maroc
Tunisia
Region of expertise: Algeria
Representative: Benoît Lootvoet (acting director)
IRD - BP 434 - 5 impasse Chehrazade
El Menzah 4 - 1004 Tunis - Tunisia
Tel.: (216 71) 75 00 09 / 01 83
Fax: (216 71) 75 02 54
tunisie@ird.fr
www.tunisie.ird.fr
SOUTH AND
CENTRAL AMERICA,
CARIBBEAN REGION
Bolivia
Representative: Jacques Gardon
• Postal address:
IRD - CP 9214 - 00095 La Paz - Bolivia
• Physical address:
Av. Hernando Siles nº 5290
Esq. Calle 7, Obrajes - La Paz
Tel.: (591 2) 278 29 69 / 42
Fax: (591 2) 278 29 44
bolivie@ird.fr
www.bo.ird.fr
65
IRD ESTABLISHMENTS WORLD-WIDE / APPENDICES
Brazil
Mexico
Thailand
Region of expertise: Paraguay
Frédéric Huynh
Representative: Frédéric Huynh
• Postal address:
IRD - CP 7091 - Lago Sul
71645-970 - Brasilia - DF - Brazil
• Physical address:
SHIS - QI 16 - Conj. 03 - Casa 06
Lago Sul - 71640-230 - Brasilia - Brazil
Tel.: (55 61) 32 48 53 23
Fax: (55 61) 32 48 53 78
bresil@ird.fr
www.brasil.ird.fr
Regions of expertise: Cuba - Central American states
Representative: Pascal Renaud (acting director)
IRD - Calle Anatole France # 17
Col. Chapultepec Polanco - C.P. 11560
México D.F. - Mexico
Tél. et Fax: (52 55) 52 80 76 88
mexique@ird.fr
www.mx.ird.fr
Regions of expertise: India - Myanmar - Nepal
Representative: Jacques Berger
179 Thanon Witthayu,
Lumpini, Pathumwan
Bangkok 10330 - Thailand
Tél.: (662) 677 32 50
Fax: (662) 677 32 52
thailande@ird.fr
www.thailande.ird.fr
Chile
Regions of expertise: Argentina - Uruguay
Representative: Abdelghani Chehbouni
• Postal address:
IRD - Casilla 53 390
Correo Central Santiago 1 - Chile
• Physical address:
Roman Diaz 264, Providencia - Santiago - Chile
Tel.: 56 2 2236 34 64
Fax: 56 02 2236 34 63
chili@ird.fr
www.chile.ird.fr
Peru
Representative: Jean-Loup Guyot
• Postal address:
IRD - Casilla 18 - 1209
Lima 18 - Peru
• Physical address:
Calle 17, N°455 Corpac-San Isidro
Lima 27 - Peru
Tel.: (51 1) 441 32 23
Fax: (51 1) 441 32 23 22
perou@ird.fr
www.peru.ird.fr
ASIA
Vietnam
Region of expertise: Filipinos
Representative: Jean-Pascal Torréton
IRD - Quartier diplomatique de Van Phuc
Appartement 202, bâtiment 2G
298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh
Hanoï - Vietnam
Tel.: (84 4) 37 34 66 56
Fax: (84 4) 37 34 67 14
vietnam@ird.fr
www.vietnam.ird.fr
PACIFIC
Indonesia
New Caledonia
Regions of expertise: Colombia - Venezuela
Representative: Olivier Dangles
IRD - Whymper 442 y Coruña - Apartado 17 12 857
Quito - Ecuador
Tel.: (593 2) 250 39 44
Fax: (593 2) 250 40 20
equateur@ird.fr
www.equateur.ird.fr
Region of expertise: East Timor
Representative: Jean-Paul Toutain
Graha Kapital 1, Lantai 2, S 205
Jalan Kemang Raya 4 - Jakarta 12730 Indonesia
Tel.: (62 21) 71 79 46 51
Fax: (62 21) 71 79 46 52
indonesie@ird.fr
www.indonesie.ird.fr
French Guiana
Laos
Australia - Fiji - New Zealand - Papua New Guinea Tonga - Vanuatu - Kiribati - Salomon - Samoa - Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna
Representative: Georges De Noni
IRD - 101, promenade Roger Laroque
Anse Vata - BP A5 - 98848
Nouméa cedex
Tel.: (687) 26 10 00
Fax: (687) 26 43 26
nouvelle-caledonie@ird.fr
www.nouvelle-caledonie.ird.fr
Ecuador
Representative: Patrick Seyler
IRD - 0,275 km Route de Montabo
BP 165 - 97323 Cayenne cedex
Tel.: 594 (0)5 94 29 92 92
Fax: 594 (0)5 94 31 98 55
guyane@ird.fr
www.cayenne.ird.fr
Martinique
Regions of expertise: Cambodia
Representative: Marc Souris
IRD - Ban Sisangvone - BP 5992 - Vientiane
République du Laos
Tel.: (856 21) 45 27 07
Fax: (856 21) 41 29 93
laos@ird.fr
www.irdlaos.org
REGIONAL
COORDINATORS
Mediterranean region
Saïd Jabbouri, Egypt representative
Said.jabbouri@ird.fr
West and central Africa
Bruno Bordage,
Cameroon representative
bruno.bordage@ird.fr
East and southern Africa
and Indian ocean
Alain Borgel, Kenya representative
Alain.borgel@ird.fr
South and central America,
Caribbean region
Jean-Loup Guyot, Peru representative
Jean-loup.guyot@ird.fr
Asia
Jean-Pascal Torréton,
Vietnam representative
Jean-pascal.torreton@ird.fr
Pacific
Georges De Noni,
New Caledonia representative
Georges.de-noni@ird.fr
French Polynesia
Representative: Sylvain Petek (acting director)
IRD - 2 chemin de l’Arahiri - PK 3,5
Arue - BP 529 - 98713 Papeete - Tahiti
Tel.: (689) 47 42 00
Fax: (689) 42 95 55
polynesie@ird.fr
www.polynesie.ird.fr
Regions of expertise: Guadeloupe - Saint-Barthélémy Saint-Martin - Caribbean basin – Haiti
Representative: Patrick Quénéhervé
IRD - 3 rue de la Rose des vents
BP 8006 - 97259 Fort-de-France cedex
Tel.: 596 (0)5 96 39 77 39
Fax: 596 (0)5 96 50 32 61
martinique@ird.fr
www.martinique.ird.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
66
APPENDICES / THE RESEARCH UNITS
THE RESEARCH
UNITS
ABBADIE Luc
IRD Unit 242 | UMR IEES-Paris
Paris Institute for ecology
and environmental sciences
luc.abbadie@ens.fr
http://iees_paris.ufr918.upmc.fr
DELAPORTE Éric
IRD Unit 233 | UMI TransVIHMI
Epidemiological transitions, translational research
applied to HIV and infectious diseases
eric.delaporte@ird.fr
www.umi233.com
BARRETEAU Olivier
IRD Unit 183 | UMR G-EAU
Water: management, stakeholders and uses
g-eau@ird.fr
www.g-eau.net
DELORON Philippe
IRD Unit 216 | UMR Mother-and-infant health in
relation to tropical infections
philippe.deloron@ird.fr
www.umr216.ird.fr
GOURIOU Yves
IRD Unit 191 | US IMAGO
Instrumentation, analytical resources
and monitoring in geophysics and oceanography
yves.gouriou@ird.fr
www.brest.ird.fr/us191
BOILEY Pierre
IRD Unit 243 | IMAF
Institut des mondes africains (Africa Institute)
pierre.boilley@univ-paris1.fr
www.imaf.cnrs.fr
DE VREYER Philippe
IRD Unit 225 | UMR DIAL
Development, institutions and globalisation
devreyer@dial.prd.fr
www.dial.prd.fr
GRÉGOIRE Michel
IRD Unit 234 | UMR GET
Geosciences and environment, Toulouse
michel.gregoire@get.obs-mip.fr
www.get.obs-mip.fr
LALOË Francis
IRD Unit 220 | UMR GRED
Governance, risks, environment, development
francis.laloe@ird.fr
www.gred.ird.fr
CARDIN Philippe
IRD Unit 219 | UMR ISTerre
Earth sciences Institute
philippe.cardin@ird.fr
direction.isterre@ujf-grenoble.fr
www.isterre.fr
DUBOIS Jean-Luc
IRD Unit 236 | UMI RESILIENCES
jean-luc.dubois@ird.fr
GUIHEUX Gilles
IRD Unit 245 | CESSMA
Centre for the study of Africa, America, and Asia
gilles.guiheux@univ-paris-diderot.fr
www.cessma.univ-paris-diderot.fr
LEBEL Thierry
IRD Unit 012 | UMR LTHE
Transfers in hydrology and environment
thierry.lebel@ird.fr - direction-lthe@ujf-grenoble.fr
www.lthe.fr
GUILLAUD Dominique
IRD Unit 208 | UMR PALOC
Local heritage
dominique.guillaud@ird.fr
www.paloc.ird.fr
LEBRUN Michel
IRD Unit 040 | UMR LSTM
Tropical and mediterranean symbioses
lebrun@univ-montp2.fr
www.mpl.ird.fr/lstm
GUYOT Jean-Pierre
IRD Unit 204 | UMR NUTRIPASS
Prevention of malnutrition and associated
pathologies
jean-pierre.guyot@ird.fr
www.nutripass.ird.fr
LEGLISE Isabelle
IRD Unit 135 | UMR SEDYL
Language dynamics and structure
isabelle.leglise@ird.fr
www.sedyl.cnrs.fr
CHOTTE Jean-Luc
IRD Unit 210 | UMR ECO&SOLS
Functional ecology and biogeochemistry
of soils and agrosystems
jean-luc.chotte@ird.fr
www.montpellier.inra.fr/ecosols
COUTERON Pierre
IRD Unit 123 | UMR AMAP
Plant architecture, functioning and evolution
pierre.couteron@ird.fr
www.amap.cirad.fr
CURY Philippe
IRD Unit 212 | UMR EME
Exploited marine ecosystems
philippe.cury@ird.fr - philippe.cury@ifremer.fr
www.umr-eme.org
DE LAMBALLERIE Xavier
IRD Unit 190 | UMR EPV
Emergence of viral pathologies
xavier.de-lamballerie@univmed.fr
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
DUFOUR Sylvie
IRD Unit 207 | UMR BOREA
Biology of aquatic ecosystems and organisms
dufour@mnhn.fr
www.mnhn.fr/mnhn/UMR7208
FABRE Nicolas
IRD Unit 152 | UMR PHARMA-DEV
Pharmacochemistry and pharmacology
for development
jean-edouard.gairin@univ-tlse3.fr - jean-edouard.
gairin@ird.fr
www.pharmadev.ird.fr - www.ird.fr/umr152/ - www.
ups-tlse.fr
GÉRARD Étienne
IRD Unit 196 | UMR CEPED
Centre for population and development
etienne.gerard@ird.fr
www.ceped.org
FIQUET Guillaume
IRD Unit 206 | UMR IMPMC
Mineralogy and physics of condensed media
guillaume.fiquet@impmc.upmc.fr
www.impmc.upmc.fr
HAMON Serge
IRD Unit 232 | UMR DIADE
Plant diversity, adaptation and development
serge.hamon@ird.fr
www.diade.ird.fr - www.diade-research.fr
FONTENILLE Didier
IRD Unit 224 | UMR MIVEGEC
Infectious diseases and vectors: ecology, genetics,
evolution and control
didier.fontenille@ird.fr
www.mivegec.ird.fr
JANIN Pierre
IRD Unit 201 | UMR Society and development
pierre.janin@ird.fr
www.recherche-iedes.univ-paris1.fr
JOURDAIN Gonzague
IRD Unit 174 | UMI PHPT
Clinical epidemiology, mother-and-infant health and
HIV in Southeast Asia
gonzague.jourdain@ird.fr
www.phpt.org
LOMBARD Jérôme
IRD Unit 215 | UMR PRODIG
Research cluster on organisation
and dissemination of geographical information
jerome.lombard@ird.fr
www.prodig.cnrs.fr
KERR Yann
IRD Unit 113 | UMR CESBIO
Space-based study of biosphere
direction@cesbio.cnes.fr
www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr
MAZOUNI-GAERTNER Nabila
IRD Unit 241 | UMR EIO
Oceanian island ecosystems
nabila.gaertner-mazouni@upf.pf
LEZINE Anne-Marie
IRD Unit 182 | UMR LOCEAN
Oceanography and climate: experimentation
and numerical approaches
direction@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
LIBOUREL Thérèse
IRD Unit 228 | UMR ESPACE-DEV
Spatialisation for development
therese.libourel@univ-montp2.fr
www.espace.ird.fr
MAZUREK Hubert
IRD Unit 151 | UMR LPED
Population, environment, development
hubert.mazurek@ird.fr
www.lped.org
MESSAGER Christophe
IRD Unit 197 | UMR LPO
Ocean Physics Laboratory
dir-lpo@ifremer.fr
www.ifremer.fr/lpo
MIGNOT Agnès
IRD Unit 226 | UMR ISE-M
Institute for evolution sciences, Montpellier
agnes.mignot@univ-montp2.fr
www.isem.cnrs.fr
MOATTI Jean-Paul
IRD Unit 912 | UMR SESSTIM
Economics and social science for health,
processing of medical information
jean-paul.moatti@ird.fr -jean-paul.moatti@inserm.fr
http://www.se4s-orspaca.org/
MOLENAT Jérôme
IRD Unit 144 | UMR LISAH
Soil-agrosystem-hydrosystem interactions
umr-lisah-dir@supagro.inra.fr
www.umr-lisah.fr
MOREL Yves
IRD Unit 065 | UMR LEGOS
Space-based geophysics and oceanography
directeur@legos.obs-mip.fr
www.legos.obs-mip.fr
67
THE RESEARCH UNITS / APPENDICES
Document produced by the information, communication and scientific
culture for the South department
dic@ird.fr
©IRD May 2014
ISBN 978-2-7099-1854-1
Coordinator: Marie-Lise Sabrié
Editor: Violaine Arnaud
Graphic design and layout: EFIL - www.efil.fr
Subeditor: Yolande Cavallazzi
English translation: Technicis
Picture editor: Base Indigo – Daina Rechner, Christelle Mary
Computer graphics: Laurent Corsini
NICOLE Michel
IRD Unit 186 | UMR RPB
Plant resistance to pests and diseases
michel.nicole@ird.fr
www.mpl.ird.fr/umr-rpb
PAYRI Claude
IRD Unit 227 | UR CoRéUs 2
Biocomplexity of coral ecosystems in the
Indian ocean and Pacific
claude.payri@ird.fr
www.coreus.ird.fr
RAGUENEAU Olivier
IRD Unit 195 | UMR LEMAR
Science of marine environment
olivier.ragueneau@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/UMR6539/
RAOULT Didier
IRD Unit 198 | UMR URMITE
Emerging tropical and infectious diseases
didier.raoult@ird.fr - didier.raoult@gmail.com
SCHIANO Pietro
IRD Unit 163 | UMR LMV
Magmas and volcanoes
p.schiano@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr
www.obs.univ-bpclermont.fr/lmv
SEMPERE Richard
IRD Unit 235 | UMR MIO
Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography
richard.sempere@univmed.fr
mio.pytheas.univ-amu.fr (en construction)
SERVAT Éric
IRD Unit 050 | UMR HSM
HydroSciences Montpellier
eric.servat@ird.fr - hsm@ird.fr
www.hydrosciences.org
SILVAIN Jean-François
IRD Unit 072 | UR BEI
Biodiversity and evolution of plant/insect pest/
biocontrol organism complexes
jean-francois.silvain@ird.fr
www.legs.cnrs-gif.fr
SOLANO Philippe
IRD Unit 177 | UMR INTERTRYP
Host-vector-parasite interactions
in trypanosome diseases
gerard.cuny@ird.fr
www.sleeping-sickness.ird.fr
TATONI Thierry
IRD Unit 237 | UMR IMBE
Mediterranean institute of biodiversity
and marine and continental ecology
thierry.tatoni@imbe.fr
www.imbe.fr
THOUVENY Nicolas
IRD Unit 161 | UMR CEREGE
European centre for research
and teaching in environmental geoscience
direction@cerege.fr - thouveny@cerege.fr
www.cerege.fr
OBSERVATORIES AND
OCEANOGRAPHIC FLEET
ARNAUD Nicolas
IRD Unit 223 | OSU OREME
Mediterranean environment monitoring
oreme@univ-montp2.fr
www.oreme.univ-montp2.fr
Distributor: Unité de diffusion, Bondy ; Philippe Chanard, Marseille.
We would like to thank all the departments and divisions at IRD,
the centres and representative offices, and the researchers
who contributed to writing this report.
EYMARD Laurence
IRD Unit 244 | UMS ECCETERRA
Paris observatory of sciences of the universe
Laurence.eymard@upmc.fr
www.ecceterra.upmc.fr
FILY Michel
IRD Unit 222 | OSU OSUG
Grenoble astrophysics observatory
obs-dir@ujf-grenoble.fr
http://portail.osug.fr/
TIMERA Mahamet
IRD Unit 205 | UMR URMIS
Migration and society
timera@univ-paris-diderot.fr
www.unice.fr/urmis
HAMELIN Bruno
IRD Unit 240 | UMS Institut Pytheas
hamelin@cerege.fr
www.pytheas.univ-amu.fr
TRIC Emmanuel
IRD Unit 082 | UMR GEOAZUR
Geosciences Azur
direction@geoazur.unice.fr
geoazur.oca.eu
LEFORT Olivier
IRD Unit 239 | UMS FOF
French oceanographic fleet
olivier.lefort@ifremer.fr
www.flotteoceanographique.fr
TROUSSELLIER Marc
IRD Unit 238 | UMR ECOSYM
Ecology of coastal marine systems
marc.troussellier@univ-montp2.fr
www.ecosym.univ-montp2.fr
PAULET Yves-Marie
IRD Unit 218 | OSU IUEM
European institute for marine studies
direction.iuem@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr
VANLERBERGHE Flavie
IRD Unit 022 | UMR CBGP
Biology centre for population management
dircbgp@supagro.inra.fr
www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP
SOLER Pierre
IRD Unit 221 | OSU OMP
Midi-Pyrénées observatory
pierre.soler@ird.fr - dir@obs-mip.fr
www.obs-mip.fr
ZUCKER Jean-Daniel
IRD Unit 209 | UMI UMMISCO
Mathematical and computer modelling
of complex systems
jean-daniel.zucker@ird.fr
www.ummisco.ird.fr
Maps: Catherine Valton
Photo credits – Annual report 2013
© IRD - O. Dangles (p. 1), © IRD - P. Gubry, © IRD - S. Petek, © IRD - C. Leduc (p. 5),
© M.Thiebaut - bleu-ocean.fr (p. 7), © X. Desmier / MNHN/PNI/IRD, © IRD - A. Aing ,
© IRD - M. Jégu, © IRD - Cristelle Duos (p. 9), © IRD - J.-L. Duprey,
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© IRD - D. Sabatier (p. 12-13), © IRD - T. Ruf, © IRD - J.-M. Hougard (p. 14), © IRD - V. Chaplot,
© IRD - G. Roudaut (p. 15), © IRD - J. Slembrouck, © P. Bacchet (p. 16), © IRD - B. Gobert,
© IRD - A. Aing (p. 17), © IRD - T. Ruf, © IRD - P. Chabanet, © IRD - P. Wagnon (p. 18),
© IRD - C. Mariac, © ESA, © IRD - J.-M. Boré (p. 19), © IRD - B. Moizo,
© IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages, NOI Pictures, ©IRD – J.-C. Gay (p. 20-21), © IRD - C. Brugidou,
© IRD - S. Carrière (p. 22), © IRD - L. Emperaire (p. 23), © IRD - V. Chaplot (p. 24), © IRD - R. Calvez,
© IRD - M. Dukhan (p. 26), © IRD - J.-M. Duplantier (p. 27), © IRD - J.-L. Guyot,
© IRD - F. Sylvestre (p. 28), © IRD - J.-M. Vouillamoz , © M. Le Coz (p. 29),
© IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages, NOI Pictures (p. 30), © IRD - O. Barrière, © IRD - V. Turmine (p. 31),
© IRD - N. Rahola (p. 32), © IRD - N. Rahola (p. 33), © T. Rojas, © IRD - S. Bertani (p. 34),
© IRD - A. Aghokeng, © IRD - G. Jourdain (p. 35), © IRD - P. Ottino, (p. 37),
© IRD - C. Zanuso (p. 38), © IRD - S. Bredeloup, © IRD - D. Delaunay (p. 39), © IRD - S. Petek,
© CNRS Photothèque - A. Ducourneau, © IRD - D. Rechner (p. 40-41), © Institut Pasteur,
© IRD - G. Fédière, © IRD - M. Bouvet (p. 42-43), © IRD - G. Villegier, © IRD - A. Luce (p. 44),
© IRD - P. Dumas, © IRD - C. Baxerres, © IRD - J.-C. Gay (p. 45), © IRD - S. Duvail,
© IRD - J.-M. Boré (p. 46), © IRD - A. Rival (p. 48), © IRD - A. Aing (p. 49), © Centre Sciences (p. 50),
© RACUB - E. Kosh-Komba (p. 51), © IRD - G. Villegier, © IRD - J. Orempuller,
© IRD - G. Giuliani (p. 52-53), © IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages, NOI Pictures (p. 54),
© IRD - J. Riaux (p. 56), © IRD - CNRS - T. Vergoz (p. 57), © IRD - J.-M. Boré (p. 58),
© IRD - L. Markiw, © naturexpose.com - O. Dangles and F. Nowicki , © ESA (p. 60-61),
© IRD - P. Chanard (p. 63).
IRD - ANNUAL REPORT 2013
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