Institut de recherche pour le développement
annual report 2012
IRD
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IRD – Annual Report 2012
ACTING WITH THE SOUTH
APPENDICES • THE RESEARCH UNITS
Document produced by the information, communication and scientific culture
for the South department
dic@ird.fr
©IRD may 2013
ISBN 978-2-7099-1752-0
Coordinator: Marie-Noëlle Favier / Editor: Violaine Arnaud / Graphic design and layout:
Efil - www.efil.fr / Subeditor: Yolande Cavallazzi / English translation: Technicis /
Picture editor: Base Indigo – Daina Rechner / Computer graphics: Laurent Corsini /
Maps: Catherine Valton / Distributor: Unité de diffusion, Bondy ; Philippe Chanard,
Marseille / Printer: Imprimerie Audry, Marseille.
CONTENTS
SILVAIN Jean-François | IRD Unit 072
UR CoRéUs 2 \ Biocomplexity of coral ecosystems
in the Indian ocean and Pacific.
UR BEI \ Biodiversity and evolution of plant/insect
pest/biocontrol organism complexes.
claude.payri@ird.fr
www.coreus.ird.fr
jean-francois.silvain@ird.fr
www.legs.cnrs-gif.fr
ARNAUD Nicolas | IRD Unit 223
RAGUENEAU Olivier | IRD Unit 195
TATONI Thierry | IRD Unit 237
UMR LEMAR \ Science of marine environment.
UMR IMBE \ Mediterranean institute of biodiversity and marine and continental ecology.
oreme@univ-montp2.fr
www.oreme.univ-montp2.fr
olivier.ragueneau@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/UMR6539/
RAOULT Didier | IRD Unit 198
2012 ird
working in partnership
06 the ird around the world
07 editorial
08 ird in a nutshell - key figures for 2012
09 highlights of 2012
10 assessment of the 2008-2012
term of the scientific council
11 ethics and quality
14 international partners
18 world-wide events
excellence in research
22 excellence in research
25 preserving the environment and its resources
32 improving the health of populations
in developing countries
36 understanding the evolution
of developing societies
UMR URMITE \ Emerging tropical and infectious
diseases.
didier.raoult@ird.fr
didier.raoult@gmail.com
ROY Claude | IRD Unit 197
UMR LPO \ Ocean physics.
claude.roy@ird.fr.
www.ifremer.fr/lpo
SANJUAN Thierry | IRD Unit 215
UMR PRODIG \ Research cluster on organisation
and dissemination of geographical information.
obs-dir@ujf-grenoble.fr
http://portail.osug.fr
UMS Institut Pytheas.
hamelin@cerege.fr
TIMERA Mahamet | IRD Unit 205
LEFORT Olivier | IRD Unit 239
UMR URMIS \ Migration and society.
timera@univ-paris-diderot.fr
www.unice.fr/urmis
TRIC Emmanuel | IRD Unit 082
UMR GEOAZUR \ Geosciences azur.
UMR ECOSYM \ Ecology of coastal marine systems.
marc.troussellier@univ-montp2.fr
www.ecosym.univ-montp2.fr
SEMPERE Richard | IRD Unit 235
VANLERBERGHE Flavie | IRD Unit 022
eric.servat@ird.fr
hsm@ird.fr
www.hydrosciences.org
OSU OSUG \ Grenoble astrophysics observatory.
HAMELIN Bruno | IRD Unit 240
p.schiano@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr
www.obs.univ-bpclermont.fr/lmv
UMR HSM \ HydroSciences Montpellier.
FILY Michel | IRD Unit 222
direction@cerege.fr - thouveny@cerege.fr
www.cerege.fr
TROUSSELLIER Marc | IRD Unit 238
richard.sempere@univmed.fr
mio.pytheas.univ-amu.fr (en construction)
OSU OREME \ Mediterranean environment
monitoring.
UMR CEREGE \ European centre for research and
teaching in environmental geoscience.
SCHIANO Pietro | IRD Unit 163
UMR MIO \ Mediterranean Institute of
Oceanography.
20-39
THOUVENY Nicolas | IRD Unit 161
tsanjuan@univ-paris1.fr
www.prodig.cnrs.fr
SERVAT Éric | IRD Unit 050
04-11
thierry.tatoni@imbe.fr
www.imbe.fr
direction@geoazur.unice.fr
geoazur.oca.eu
UMR LMV \ Magmas and volcanoes.
12-19
Observatories and Oceanographic
fleet
PAYRI Claude | IRD Unit 227
UMR CBGP \ Biology centre for population
management.
dircbgp@supagro.inra.fr
www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP
UMS FOF \ French oceanographic fleet.
olivier.lefort@ifremer.fr
PAULET Yves-Marie | IRD Unit 218
OSU IUEM \ European institute for marine studies.
direction.iuem@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr
SOLER Pierre | IRD Unit 221
OSU OMP \ Midi-Pyrénées observatory.
pierre.soler@ird.fr - dir@obs-mip.fr
www.obs-mip.fr
Printed on PEFC-certified paper
Contributors
Ahrweiller Martine, Albergel Jean, Amadou Tahirou, Aresta Sandra, Arfi Robert,
Bahgat Amro Fayez , Bally René, Barts Nicolas, Baudry de Vaux Marie, Benefice Éric,
Bernard Gilles, Bezançon Gilles, Bonnet Christine, Bordage Bruno, Borgel Alain,
Bouvet Michel, Braun Jean-Jacques, Briard Diane, Buclet Benjamin, Cavet Dominique,
Changeux Thomas, Collot Jean-Yves, Coste Élise, Courcoux Gaëlle, Crozon Ariel,
De Andrade Mathieu Marcia, De Noni Georges, Delaunay Karine, Delaunay Valérie,
Dreyfus Bernard, Duos Cristelle, Duval Yves, Errafii Catherine, Fédière Gilles,
Fichez Renaud, Finance Jean-Pierre, Francou Bernard, Fumtim Joseph, Gaston Emmanuel,
Goedefroit Sophie, Gonzalez Cécilia, Guyot Jean-Loup, Hougard Jean-Marc,
Huynh Frédéric, Hvostoff Sophie, Jabbouri Saïd, Kpenou Laure, Lacombe Philippe,
Laurin Charlotte, Leblanc Jean-Marc, Lefait-Robin Régine, Lootvoet Benoît,
Lordinot Justine, Marini Jean-François, Maurange Magali, Mourier Thomas,
Neibecker Stéphanie, Nguyen Phuong Anh, Ojeda Rose Marie, Ollier Corinne, Omri Leila,
Ouattara Bérénice, Pinel Serge, Piroux Amélie, Queneherve Patrick, Raud Stéphane,
Razanajaonarijery Noly, Revaud Corinne, Riotte Jean, Robert Sylvain, Rossi-Ribe Sophie,
Rotival Valérie, Rouland-Lefèvre Corinne, Sabrié Marie-Lise, Saudegbee Rita, Savidan Yves,
Seyler Patrick, Sicard Bruno, Sokhna Cheikh, Surugue Brigitte, Thonneau Patrick,
Tièges Anne-Marie, Tissot-Dupont Hervé, Torreton Jean-Pascal, Toutain Jean-Paul,
Vacher Jean-Joinville, Vidal Laurent, Vilayleck Mina, Villard Jean-Yves.
For the science examples
Acha Dario, Andino Patricio, Anthelme Fabien, Bani Philipson, Bernoux Martial,
Chotte Jean-Luc, Dangles Olivier, Didou Stéphanie, Dounias Edmond, Duvail Stéphanie,
Espinosa Rodrigo, Francou Bernard, Gallall Tahar, Gérard Etienne, Holmes Edward,
Locquet Jacques, Marchand Cyril, Mbunda Shey Wilfried, Metaxian Jean-Philippe,
Nicole Michel, Nyingi Dorothy Wanja, Point David, Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste, Renaud Pascal,
Rojas Rosario, Sauvain Michel, Sereme Drissa, Silvain Jean-François, Solano Philippe,
Dr Surono, Toutain Jean-Paul, Valentin Christian.
Photo credits – Annual report 2012
© IRD - P.Desenne (p. 1), © IRD - L. Ferry (p. 2-3), © IRD - J-Y. Meunier (p. 4-5),
© M. Thiebaut - bleu-ocean.fr (p. 7), © M.Thiebaut - bleu-ocean.fr, © IRD - P. Chabanet,
© IRD - J-P. Caminade, © IRD - P. Chanard (p. 9), © IRD - V. Jorigné (p. 10), © IRD - A. Vassas (p. 11),
© D. Jacobsen (p. 12- 13), © Parc National de Taza - Y. Belhimer, © IRD- D.R (p. 14), © IRD V. Chaplot, © IRD - C. Paquette (p. 15), © IRD - O. Evrard (p. 16), © IRD - J-M. Boré, © IRD - A. Aing
(p. 17), © IRD - L. Auclair, © IRD - J-Y. Meunier, © Spot (p. 18), © CNRS Photothèque - F. Guichard,
L. Kergoat, © IRD - A. Piroux, © IRD - E. Folcher (p. 19), © IRD - P. Gantet (p. 20-21),
© IRD - M-N. Favier (p. 22), © IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 23), © X. Desmier / MNHN/PNI/IRD,
© IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 24), © IRD - C. Marchand, © IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 26), © IRD - O. Dangles (p. 27),
© O. Balarabe, © A. Bouajila (p. 28), © IRD - J-L. Duprey (p. 29), © IRD - D. Sereme (p. 30),
© IRD - P-A. Calatayud (p. 30), © IRD - P. Bani (p. 31), © IRD - M. Haddad, © IRD M. Sauvain (p. 33), © IRD -V. Jamonneau (p. 34), © Institut Pasteur, © Institut Pasteur F. Rey, © Inserm - M. Depardieu (p. 35), © IRD - S. Duvail, © Colin Jackson p.37),
© IRD - C Léauthaud (p.39), © IRD - C. Leduc (p. 40-41), © IRD - V. Chaplot, © IRD - G. Michon
(p. 42), © PENDHA, © IRD - G. Villegier, © IRD - M. Maurange (p. 43), © IRD - C. Mariac,
© IRD - J. Bonvallot (p. 44), © IRD - A. Pariselle, © IRD - M-N. Favier (p. 45),
© IRD - J. Demarty (p. 46), © S. Guillerme, © IRD - S. Robert (p. 48), © Serei non nengone (p. 49),
© IRD - B. Francou (p. 50), © IRD - A. Bossu (p. 51), © IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 52-53), © IRD - B. Bourlès
(p. 54), © IRD - N. Daly (p. 56), © IRD - V. Delaunay (p. 57), © IRD - G. Roudaut (p. 58),
© IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 60-61), © IRD - P. Chanard (p. 63).
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 • IRD
PAGE 67
> Río Níger
the agence
inter-établissements
de recherche pour
le développement
42 aird, an agency which is becoming
established
44 research projects
46 capacity-building in developing countries
48 promoting the results of research
programmes
50 disseminating knowledge and
communicating information
resources
appendices
54 human resources
56 the information system - gender equality
57 platforms open to our partners
58 financial resources
62 the ird’s institutions
63 central services: our gallery
64 ird addresses world-wide
66 the research units
52-59
40-51
60-67
page 04
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Study of the canopy / Laos
the ird around the world
editorial
ird in a nutshell
key figures for 2012
highlights
of 2012
assessment of the 2008-2012
term of the scientific council
ethics and quality
06
07
08
09
10
11
2012 ird
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 05
2012 ird • tHe ird Around tHe World
theirdaround
theworld
FRANCE
1 ,330 staff members
States
ITALY
TUNISIA
MOROCCO
expatriate, seconded, local staff
Staff at 31/12/12 – Source: Personnel Department
Haiti
Guadeloupe
SENEGAL
FRENCH
GUIANA
ECUADOR
MALI
MARTINIQUE
Colombia
BURKINA
FASO
BENIN
VIETNAM
Gabon
KENYA
Uganda
Seychelles
PERU
20-27
staff
members
31-37
staff
members
49-76
staff
members
• other form of presence
1-9
staff
members
Centre in overseas territories
page 06
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
100-137
staff
members
INDONESIA
BRAZIL
BOLIVIA
10-19
staff
members
Cambodia
THAILAND
Ethiopia
• ird centre or office
1-9
staff
members
LAOS
India
Chad
CAMEROON
Côte
d’Ivoire
Nepal
EGYPT
NIGER
MEXICO
Liban
CHILE
Argentina
MADAGASCAR
SOUTH AFRICA
Vanuatu
RÉUNION
NEW
CALEDONIA
FRENCH
POLYNESIA
2012 ird • editoriAl
editorial
2012 was a rich and eventful year for IRD. Our teams
contributed together with their Northern and Southern partners to meeting the substantial challenges that developing
countries are facing today, even more than in the past: climate change, land degradation, preservation of biodiversity,
infectious or civilisation diseases, malnutrition, poverty…
The Institute reiterated its support for Africa and affirmed its
action in Europe. Research, training and innovation activities
were reinforced thanks to the setting up or consolidation of
base-building and federating structures such as joint international laboratories and regional pilot programmes. About
3% more articles were published by IRD researchers, with
1,270 references in the Web of Science. The rate of co-publications with developing countries in the South is now 49%.
The World Water Forum and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20, were two major
events through which, at the initiative of AIRD, the tri-party
programme between Africa, Brazil and France to address desertification was launched. The Institute also reaffirmed its
action in terms of innovation and promotion. An example is
the PACEIM Programme for Creating Innovative Enterprises
in the Mediterranean region, or the base-building promotion
consortium “Valorisation Sud” led by AIRD in association
with IRD, Cirad, the Pasteur Institute and overseas universities. This consortium has been provided with €9m in the
framework of future investments.
On the institutional front, IRD’s assessment bodies
and the Scientific Council were renewed, and opened up to
include more members from the South as well as women. The
Institute further confirmed its commitment to sustainable
development and focused on drawing up a partnership charter to promote fair and balanced relationships with countries
of the South. To date, five French scientific institutions and
six foreign institutions have signed.
The new French government launched a vast sector inventory during its annual conference on higher education and
research and its annual conference on solidarity and international development. IRD and AIRD seized the opportunity to
position themselves within the country’s research community, highlight issues that are a priority for the South, and
underline the ethical aspect of the partnership to turn the
knowledge community into an instrument for development.
This solid basis that underlies all IRD activities has
opened up new outlooks for progress in 2013, such as
deployment towards new territories like Chad, or the revival
of cooperation with certain countries like Côte d’Ivoire. 2013
should also be characterised by a new impetus to fulfil the
Millennium Goals for Development. A thousand days away
from the deadline, we must speed up our processes to meet
these objectives, but also start thinking about our development agenda after 2015.
Michel LAURENT
Chairman
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 07
2012 ird • key figures for 2012, ird in A nutsHell
irdinanutshell
KEY FIGURES FOR 2012
the ird staff
research
capacity building
2,346
56
187
research consortiums
staff members
and 5 observatories
including 842 researchers,
974 engineers and technicians
and 530 local staff
1,014
almost 43% of staff
including 152 for theses
1,820
47
49%
8,914
scientific publications
staff members outside
mainland france
bursaries allocated
to scientists
co-authored
with southern partners
financial resources
new teams
supported in the south
227m
page 08
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
26.2m
revenue from conventions
and approved products
From its headquarters in Marseille and its two centres in mainland France (Bondy and Montpellier), it operates in nearly 90
countries: Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, Asia and
France’s tropical overseas territories. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the projects carried out with its partners
address issues of crucial importance for developing countries:
tropical and lifestyle diseases, food safety, climate change, water resources, biodiversity, the development of societies, social
inequality and vulnerability, migration, etc.
hours of teaching
innovation
More than
A budget of
I
RD is an original and unique research organisation in the
European landscape of research for development. It is a
French public scientific and technological establishment
operating under the joint authority of the French Ministry of
Higher Education and Research and the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. IRD endeavours to meet major development challenges
by undertaking research, training and innovation activities in
developing countries, for developing countries and with developing countries, with an ongoing focus on sharing knowledge
and pooling resources and skills.
100
patents held
Now part of the IRD, the AIRD (Agence inter-établissements de
recherche pour le développement or inter-institutional research
agency for development) brings together various French scientific research institutions and universities which devote all or part
of their activities to the development of developing countries.
It is a mobilising force intended to coordinate and enhance
national and European research efforts to foster development.
2012 ird • HigHligHts of 2012
highlights
of2012
> Presentation of the first results of the CHARC programme
May
>
Labelling of the CVT Valorisation Sud (Southern promotion).
>
Signing of the framework agreement with the AFD.
>
PARRAF (African network research support programme)
coordinated by the AIRD.
> Meeting of the IRD unit directors and representatives in
the presence of Development Minister Pascal Canfin.
october
January
>
on sharks in Réunion.
> Opening of the Bond’innov business incubator.
>
Opening of the Midi-Pyrénées observatory.
Set up of the new scientific committee.
> Opening of the SEAS OI (satellite-assisted environment
surveillance station in the Indian Ocean).
> Final feedback seminar of the AMPHORE project
on protected marine areas.
>
MADANG mission in Papua New Guinea.
february
> SEAS OI station / Réunion
> South-East Asia encephalitis workshop (Cambodia).
> “Pakaihi i te moana – Respect for the ocean”
scientific campaign.
> Shark tagging / CHARC programme / Réunion
June / July
> Participation in the United Nations Rio+20 conference on
sustainable development.
>
March /April
>
Second days of the PACEIM programme (Bondy).
>
Global Water Forum (Marseille).
>
Opening of the Alysés soil research platform.
>
Second COrA of the AIRD.
Launch of the European NOPOOR project.
>
Fourth international AMMA conference on the African
monsoon study (Toulouse).
> Creation of the EIO mixed research unit (French Polynesia).
november / december
> Global Water Forum / Marseille
> Submission of collegial expertise to the Egyptian Court
of Cassation.
> Meeting of the IRD Unit Directors and representatives / Marseille
August / september
>
Launch of the collegial expertise on Lake Chad.
>
Research and higher education national conferences.
>
Development and international solidarity conferences.
>
SELPER symposium on Earth Observation for a Green
Co-developed World (Guiana).
> Opening of 12 e-university places as part of the PENDHA
(Haiti).
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 09
2012 ird • AssessMent of tHe 2008-2012 terM of tHe sCientifiC CounCil
assessment
of the2008-2012
term of the
scientific council
T
hroughout its 2008-2012 term, the IRD Scientific
Council worked in a national context of major change
in the areas of research and higher education. The
establishment of the French National Research Agency (ANR),
Alliances, Joint Research Units and Future Investments was
instrumental to changing the environment in which IRD
operates. The Council emphasises the importance for the
Institute to find a balance within this new research system
and in particular the major role it plays to ensure the Research
for development aspect is taken into account in this new organisational structure.
At the same time, the incorporation of AIRD within IRD
has resulted in major reorganisation. In this regard, the
Council underlines the necessity of clarifying and adapting the
Agency’s structure to its missions.
Lastly, given that the characteristics and terms of the
various partnerships in developing countries are constantly
changing, the Council recalls that the visibility of IRD’s actions
in developing countries requires constant vigilance. It advises
greater flexibility of expatriation procedures, recommends the
development of training initiatives in developing countries
and supports the efforts undertaken by IRD in order to give
developing country partners a central place in the partnership
arrangements.
> Rainfall analyses, AMMA programme / Benin
Recommendations of the Scientific
council
> Consider the Institute’s missions in developing countries,
with developing countries and for developing countries in
accordance with geopolitical upheavals and develop suitable
forms of partnerships.
> Consider the Institute’s specific positioning in a national
(recreation of the training and research system, RGPP, etc.),
European and international “market” for cooperation aimed at
development and carefully consider the most suitable courses
of action.
> Specify the role played by AIRD in the national system, the
ambition it should channel at the European level, its corporate
positioning in relation to IRD, its governance and its financing
method.
>
page 10
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
Strengthen partnerships in developing countries based
on suitable tools enabling adaptability and sustainability,
focusing on priorities and an interdisciplinary approach, and
likely to promote enhanced cooperation with other partners
from developing and/or developed countries.
> Establish a forward-looking human resources management
policy taking into account population pyramids by field, combined
with the analysis of new scientific priorities. This would help IRD
to be fully effective in its cooperation with developing countries,
while preparing itself for ongoing and future changes through a
relevant recruitment policy.
> Clarify IRD’s governance. This is achieved by specifying:
• the relations between the various instruments established
(UMI, LMI, PPR, observatories, platforms, etc.)
• the connections between these tools and the Joint Research
Units in terms of scientific policy,
• the resources mobilised to support these structures,
• the respective positioning of the Operator and the Agency, etc.
2012 ird • etHiCs And quAlity
what are the challenges posed by the current crisis?) is being
organised with the Fiocruz Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre
in Recife, Brazil for May 2013.
ethics and
quality
> Quality and sustainable development
> Quinoa harvest / Bolivia
> Ethical issues at the heart of partnerships
Composition of the CCDE
> Chairman: Ali BENMAKHLOUF, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
of Philosophy at Paris XII University.
>
Tereza Maciel LYRA, Doctor, teacher-researcher at the Aggeu
Magalhães Research Centre and at the Faculty of Medicine of
Pernambuco University, Brazil.
>
Ahmadou Lamine NDIAYE, Doctor and veterinary surgeon,
honorary director of education at University Gaston Berger of Saint
Louis, Senegal. Chairman of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS).
> Jean-Claude ANDRE, General Engineer from the École nationale
des Ponts et Chaussées, corresponding member of the Academy
of Sciences, Toulouse.
>
Roger GUEDJ, Professor Emeritus of the University of Nice,
Sophia Antipolis.
> Vladimir de SEMIR, Associate Professor of scientific journalism
at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona.
>
Sandrine CHIFFLET, IRD research engineer, Joint Research
Unit 213, Aix-Marseille University.
>
Marie-Danièle DEMELAS, Professor of history at Paris III
University, former IRD representative in Bolivia.
>
Bernard TAVERNE, anthropologist, research fellow, UMI 233,
Senegal.
contacts
ccde@ird.fr / quali2d@ird.fr
Research for development is part of a collaborative approach
based on the principle of fairness. The IRD Consultative Committee for Ethics and Conduct (CCDE - Comité consultatif de déontologie et d’éthique) is intended to help researchers apply the rules of
conduct related to the research conducted by the Institute and
is involved in handling ethical issues for which no answers can
be found in existing legal texts.
Thus, twenty opinions have been issued by the CCDE regarding in particular partnership-related issues: quality and fairness
criteria in a partnership, code of conduct for joint publications,
definition of roles and the division of responsibilities in the
organisation of a partnership-based research project.
Several reference texts have been prepared by the Committee:
• Le Guide des bonnes pratiques de la recherche pour le développement
(Best practices guide on research for development) distributed
in nearly 800 copies;
• L’éthique du partenariat dans la recherche scientifique à l’IRD
(Partnership ethics in scientific research at IRD), which completes
the Partnership Charter;
• An opinion on how to respond to questions concerning GMOs;
• An opinion on L’éthique de la diffusion de l’information scientifique vers les pays du Sud (Ethics for the distribution of scientific
information in developing countries) is currently being drafted.
Furthermore, in accordance with its mission to promote
ethical culture to IRD partners, the proceedings from the Principe de précaution et recherche scientifique dans les pays du Sud
(Precautionary principle and scientific research in developing
countries) symposium have been made available on the IRD website. A conference titled L’éthique du développement durable, quels
défis dans un monde en crise? (Ethics for sustainable development:
The quality approach, instigated in 2008 across the entire
Institute, concerns the IRD support services and research units.
Seven support services – in France and abroad – have ISO 9001
certification, such as the department of general affairs and the
representation in Benin. Alongside these services, other teams
in the administrative divisions have already committed to an approach which will become more general in order to obtain a single
certification for all IRD support services by 2014.
Some research units have also opted for quality management
and seven of them have ISO 9001 certification. Recognition, effectiveness and reliable results are the main motivating factors for teams
which have fully embraced the quality aspect in their activities.
In 2012, the quality policy followed by the Institute attracted
skilled resources, thereby enabling it to consider the necessary
developments for a more cross-disciplinary vision of the processes
involving all levels of the operational chain.
The RSO1 policy of IRD is based on compliance with principles
of transparency and accountability, the acknowledgement of discussions with stakeholders, the integration of RSO in the Institute’s
strategic programmes, the promotion of internal social responsibility and the sustainable use of resources with a view to reducing
our ecological footprint.
The Institute has identified seven RSO areas to meet corporate
challenges: governance, responsible research, capacity-building in
developing countries, internal social responsibility, responsible
purchasing, sustainable use of resources and the prevention of
pollution. Working groups have held discussions on the last four
areas regarding the internal functioning of the Institute. More
than forty people from various structures, in addition to IRD stakeholders, participated in these initial projects, which will result in
2013 in the development of an action plan and assessment tools
associated with the institute’s RSO policy.
Energy audits have been launched in the France-South, FranceNorth, Nouméa and Papeete centres in order to optimise the environmental efficiency of these buildings and reduce their energy bills.
1. Responsabilité sociétale des organismes (Corporate responsibility of organisations).
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 11
page 12
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Glacial stream biodiversity study / Bolivia
international
partners
worldwide
events
14
18
Working
in partnership
In 2012, the IRD strengthened its position with research
and higher education establishments in Southern countries,
while maintaining its firm links with its Northern and
primarily European partners.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 13
Working in partnership • internAtionAl pArtners
international
partners
FOCUS
The IRD has a unique network of 30 representations
grouped into six regional coordination units outside
Metropolitan France and Europe: the Mediterranean,
West and Central Africa, Southern Africa,
East Africa and the Indian Ocean, Latin America
and the Caribbean, South-East Asia and the Pacific.
the fight against desertification
A tripartite programme between Africa, Brazil and France
on desertification control in Africa was launched during the
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,
Rio+20. It was initiated by the AIRD, the APGMV (Agence
panafricaine de la grande muraille verte / Pan-African Agency
of the Great Green Wall), the CGEE (Centre de gestion et
d’études stratégiques du Brésil / Brazilian Strategic Research
and Management Centre) and the CNPq (Conseil national
de développement scientifique et technologique / National
Council for Scientific and Technological Development)
during the Sixth World Water Forum in Marseille.
contact
geostrategie@ird.fr
page 14
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Taza protected marine area / Algeria
T
he IRD has two joint representations, one with the CNRS
in Chile and South Africa and one with the Conference
of University Presidents in Brussels. It shares its premises
with the Cirad in Brazil and Cameroon and shares pooled scientific equipment with the founding members of the AIRD in Asia
and Africa with the Institut Pasteur.
> In the Mediterranean
The IRD has been working with Mediterranean countries for
over 50 years. Despite the events that mark the region, it continues
to invest in the major themes of water, health, social sciences
and innovation with the PACEIM Aide à la création d’entreprises
innovantes en Méditerranée (Supporting the Creation of Innovative
Businesses in the Mediterranean) programme.
Several agreements have been signed or renewed with local
science players, such as the Al-Balqa’ Applied University in Jordan,
the Institut national de recherche halieutique in Morocco, the
École nationale d’ingénieurs de Tunis and the Institut national
agronomique in Tunisia.
The seventh FPRD project, INCO-NET MED SPRING, aims to
contribute to the quality of the research in the Euro-Mediterranean region and focuses on three main themes: the shortage of
resources, sustainable food and energy. The IRD has therefore
undertaken to analyse the observatories in which Mediterranean and European third countries work. This analysis will
bring the observatories’ actions together and enable reliable
indicators to be put in place to monitor them and assess the
services they provide in the fields of science, technology and
innovation.
> Meeting with the President of Senegal
The cooperation with Algeria has also been reaffirmed and
the IRD’s partners are taking part in research, training and technology transfer activities dedicated to understanding and managing the region’s major ecosystems1.
Moreover, the Les intérieurs du Maroc (Inland Morocco) seminar was organised in Rabat by the LMI (international combined
laboratory) Environnement, Patrimoine, développement (Environment,
Patrimony, Development) on social organisations, territorial
configurations and the management of rural resources.
> In West and Central Africa
With a great historic presence in this region which is its top
priority, the IRD works together with 21 countries and almost
400 agents. The main scientific themes are in line with the major
development challenges: climate change and natural hazards,
geosciences, ecosystems and natural resource management,
poverty reduction, international migration and health. The
Institute has also implemented an original South-South-North
cooperation initiative to strengthen Africa’s scientific capacities.
Sustainable biodiversity management is an important
research area. Scientists have, for example, demonstrated the
importance of protected marine areas in West Africa and have
studied the impact of small-scale fishing on the depletion of grouper stocks in the open seas of Senegal. The study of cereals is also
important for food security, and in Sahel the aim is to improve
genetic resources and millet and sorghum yields.
1. PPR SICMED - Surfaces et interfaces continentales en Méditerranée (Continental interfaces and surfaces
in the Mediterranean) carried out as part of the MISTRALS - Mediterranean integrated studies at regional
and local scales initiative.
Working in partnership • internAtionAl pArtners
At the Science, Enseignement et Technologie pour le Développement
de l’Afrique (Science, Education and Technology for African Development) international conference, the President of the Republic
of Senegal asked the IRD to take up the challenge of research in
the country, thanks to excellence laboratories and the training
of management staff.
In addition to creating four LMI on climate, soil ecology, plant
adaptations to environmental stresses and water territories and
heritage, new framework agreements have also been signed, linking Dakar’s Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Université Paris Ouest
and the IRD on the one hand, and the Groupe de recherche et de
réalisations pour le développement rural (Research and action
group for rural development), an international NGO governed
by French law, and the IRD, on the other.
During the launch of the collegial expertise for the preservation of Lake Chad, a framework cooperation agreement was
signed with the Lake Chad Basin Commission for the implementation of hydrogeologic and hydrogeochemical studies.
In Burkina Faso, the Forum AfricaTechno, aimed at building
innovation capacities, was organised in partnership with the
Cirad and the company ASTRIUM.
The Institute has also signed a joint agreement with Université de Lomé and Université de Kara in Togo and several collaborations have been set up in Cameroon with Université de
> Agronomy, component of the ERAfrica programme / South Africa
Ngaoundéré and the Organisation de coordination pour la lutte
contre les Endémies en Afrique centrale (Coordinating Organisation for endemic Disease Control in Central Africa).
As part of its participation in the INCONTACT One World
and CAAST- NET European projects, training sessions on the
initiatives and European financing were organised along with
a workshop on research infrastructures.
>Social habitat / Mexico
> In Southern Africa, East Africa
and the Indian Ocean
Almost 80 agents work in this region, specifically in the fields
of climate, infectious diseases, biodiversity and heritage. The problems caused by sharks in Réunion have led researchers to work
on the ecology and habitat of two species under the CHARC programme, to help the government prevent the risks associated
with these selachians.
New programmes have also been developed in the extended
sphere of competence of Réunion’s representation. A study on
the role of mangroves was initiated in Mayotte along with a programme on emerging or resurging infectious diseases such as
malaria and leptospirosis. In the Scattered Islands, the IRD is taking
part in the “Biodiversité, ressources et conservation des récifs coralliens aux glorieuses” (Biodiversity, resources and conservation
of coral reefs in the Glorioso Islands) programme.
New collaborations have been set up with the International
Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology in Kenya and the University of Nairobi.
The IRD representation’s sphere of competence in Nairobi has
been extended to Djibouti, Burundi and Rwanda.
Through dialogue with African regional economic
communities2 on the theme of food security, a workshop was jointly
organised by the MOHEST3, the German Aerospace Centre and the
Senegal Ministry of Research in Arusha in Tanzania.
In South Africa, the IRD coordinates the Africa-EU ERAfrica
platform for the joint financing of collaborative research projects.
With a budget of 11 million euros, they will finance projects in
fields such as agriculture, health, climate change and energy. The
IRD has also facilitated the coordination of European initiatives
on science, technology and innovation under the ESATAP+ programme for bilateral dialogue between South Africa and Europe.
In partnership with Université de la Réunion, the Institute
is involved in the SEAS-OI (Satellite-Assisted Environmental
Surveillance in the Indian Ocean) project. The station receives
financing of ten million euros by the European Union, the
government and the Réunion region with the support of the
town of Saint-Pierre. The IRD has also signed an agreement with
the Madagascan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific
Research, Université d’Antananarivo and Université de la Réunion
for the development of scientific programmes in the fields of land
use planning, marine and coastal environment, management
of natural hazards, epidemiological surveillance, biodiversity
monitoring and climate change.
Université de la Réunion has also joined its overseas counterparts, the IRD, the Cirad and the Institut Pasteur in the CVT
“Valorisation Sud” (Southern Promotion).
> In Latin America and the Caribbean
The IRD has 8 representations in Latin America and covers
20 countries. The research themes focus on the region’s primary
development concerns: climate variability, tropical glaciers,
the geodynamics of the Andes, natural hazards, poverty reduction and marine resources. The Institute’s great participation in
Rio+20 was one of the year’s major events with the official launch
of the first tripartite Africa-Brazil-France research programme
on desertification control in Africa.
2. REC – regional economic communities.
3. Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 15
Working in partnership • internAtionAl pArtners
> Khmu ethnic group - Laos
FOCUS
The bilateral cooperation project B.BICE+ was launched,
which concerns the promotion of multilateral “Europe – Brazil”
programmes on science, technology and innovation.
Appointed by the government, the AIRD is heavily involved
in rebuilding the higher eduction system in Haiti following the
earthquake that struck the region in January 2010, specifically
through a PENDHA distance e-learning programme and a research capacity building workshop bringing together Haitian,
Canadian and French experts. A framework cooperation agreement between the IRD and Université d’État d’Haïti was signed
in Port-au-Prince in the presence of the Haitian President of the
Republic and members of the Haitian government. It provides for
the creation of a high-resolution remote sensing platform that
will enable applications to be developed for land use planning
and the prevention of seismic risks in Haiti and the Caribbean.
the smiling project
SMILING is a European project that began in 2012 whose
aim is to improve the nutrition security of vulnerable
populations in South-East Asia. Coordinated by the IRD’s
NUTRIPASS research unit “Prevention of malnutrition
and associated pathologies”, SMILING groups together
partners from both South-East Asian countries and
European university partners.
page 16
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
In Martinique, the Cirad, the IRD, the Irstea and Université
des Antilles et de la Guyane have engaged in a new partnership
for the creation of a Campus agro-environnemental Caraïbe (Caribbean
agro-environmental campus) which follows on from the PRAM4.
Several framework agreements have also been signed, in
particular with the CNPq in Brazil, Universidad de Antioquia in
Columbia, the South-American regional bureau of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in Ecuador, the Instituto
Politécnico Nacional in Mexico, and the Pontificia Universidad
Católica del Perú.
The IRD is also taking part in discussions begun by Mexico
on social habitat and sustainable urban development.
Furthermore, in order to study the atmosphere’s chemical composition, the GAW station, the result of a partnership
between several South-American laboratories and the IRD, was
opened in Chacaltaya in Bolivia.
A Franco-Peruvian Doctoral School of Life Sciences was also
set up.
Finally, the SELPER symposium on spatial observation for
the environment was organised in Cayenne with the support of
the Guiana region, the CNES and European funds.
> In Asia
With four representations covering 8 countries, the IRD’s
spheres of competence in this region have been extended to
India and the Philippines. The research themes mainly cover
health, natural hazards and the environment. Several studies
have also been carried out on soil degradation. Hydrological
monitoring, agronomic tests and socio-economic studies have
been conducted with participation from local communities,
political bodies and the authorities. Alternative cultivation
methods have been tested.
In Indonesia, the IRD’s partnership has been diversified by the
signing of framework agreements with the National Geological
Agency for the supervision of a new volcanological surveillance
programme, and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The IRD is
therefore working with the Indonesian Volcanic Risk Reduction
Centre which monitors 76 active volcanoes in the archipelago, including Merapi, one of the most active and most explosive volcanoes
in Indonesia.
The partnerships with the Research and Development Agency
for the Sea and Fishing and the Archaeology Office of the Ministry
of Culture and Tourism have also been reaffirmed.
The European SMILING project, which aims to improve the
nutrition security of vulnerable populations in South-East Asia
has been launched.
In China, an agreement has been signed with the Canton University of Chinese Medicine in the fields of AIDS research.
The AIRD, the Alliance pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé
(Alliance for Life Sciences and Health) and the Institut Pasteur of
Cambodia also organised a seminar on Infectious Encephalitides
in Asia which brought together around fifty international experts.
Submission of research on ethnic diversity was organised in
Laos and a museum was created on this theme in the province of
Phongsaly, in collaboration with the local authorities.
Two workshops were held in Thailand, one on mosquitoes as
vectors of Dengue fever and the Chikungunya virus and the other
on the ecology of rodents and diseases transmitted to humans such
as leptospirosis.
> In the Pacific
Present in the Pacific since 1946 on the themes of the environment, the climate, natural hazards and biodiversity, particularly
coralline, the IRD has set up new collaborations in Oceania with the
École des hautes études en sciences sociales (School for Advanced
> Reef fish / New Caledonia
Working in partnership • internAtionAl pArtners
> In Metropolitan France
> Opening of Bond’innov / Bondy
Studies in Social Science), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie and
the Vanuatu Cultural Centre on human and social science research
and training projects.
The signing of a framework agreement between the University
of Papua New Guinea, the University of California and the IRD has
enabled a campaign to be carried out under the CLIVAR5 project on
climate variability. Being able to better describe and understand
global changes is a major priority for the IRD. The teams have therefore
shown that global warming is increasing the risks of extreme
climatic events like floods, droughts and cyclones. Other work
indicates that a recent increase in upwellings of nutrient-dense
waters could have an impact on the fish in the South-East Pacific.
Climate change also affects the local climate and the development
of diseases like Dengue fever, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in the
South-West Pacific. Explanatory and predictive models have been
developed by IRD researchers and their partners and then integrated
by the Caledonian public health authorities.
The GOPS (South Pacific Integrated Observatory for Environment and Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity) went international
by signing a protocol with the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research to encourage joint research on the environment
in the region.
In Tahiti, the IRD, Université de la Polynésie française, the Institut Louis Malardé and the Ifremer launched the first Polynesia
Joint Research Unit, EIO6. The interactions between humans and
their environment in the Oceanic insular ecosystems are the central
focus of its research.
To facilitate the collaborations between Europe and the Pacific,
the IRD and the German Aerospace Centre have organised, together
The two metropolitan centres: IRD-France North in Bondy
and IRD-France South in Montpellier group together all of the
disciplines covered by the IRD. They take an active part in the
territorial structuring of higher education and research by getting involved in mechanisms like the PRES (Research and Higher
Education Centres), the campus plans and future investments.
The E-ReColNat project was therefore selected in the call for
projects on “National Infrastructures in Biology and Health” of
the Future Investments programme, it will receive 16 million
euros over 5 years. Coordinated by the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle in partnership with Université Montpellier 2,
the Clermont-Université PRES, Université de Bourgogne, the
IRD, the INRA, the CNAM, Tela Botanica and Agoralogie, this
project will gather all of the data from French natural history
collections in the same IT platform, to support research and
expertise on biodiversity.
Two new developments have been unveiled in Montpellier,
namely the extension of the Centre for Biology and Management
of Populations which centralises the bioagressor collections
used by researchers, and a genetic experimental platform which
gives the scientific community access to high-throughput phenotyping capacities for national, European and international
projects.
Several seminars have been held, including the international E-Sove conference on vector-borne diseases, the Ethnobiology seminar in Montpellier and the international conference
of the AMMA programme on the African monsoon in Toulouse.
The Bond’innov innovative business incubator and the
Alysés experimentation platform, dedicated to the study of
tropical soils, were unveiled at the Bondy site. Furthermore,
30 projects were selected during the second meetings of the
PACEIM programme. The winners were offered personalised
support over an 18-month period to help them carry out the
essential stages leading to the creation of their business.
Carried out in partnership with the Île-de-France region, the
e-campus project NumeriSud is continuing in Bondy. Its goal
is to help improve the dissemination of scientific information
and audiovisual production to Southern countries and offer
targeted services for students and young researchers.
4. Pôle de recherche agro-environnementale de la Martinique (Martinique Agro-environmental Research Centre).
5. CLImatic VARiability and predictability.
6. Écosystèmes insulaires océaniens (Oceanic Insular Ecosystems).
7. PACE-NET integrates 11 research institutions from the European Union (France, Italy, Germany, Malta)
and the Pacific (Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea).
FOCUS
with the other partners of the consortium, the second bi-regional
platform of the PACE-NET network7. The Institute took the initiative
to create a new consortium to respond to the 2012 INCO-NET call
for proposals in the Pacific region and proposes to extend the PACENET activities to the region’s major societal challenges: adaptation
to change, health and food security.
european strategy
In preparation for the H2020 framework programme being
launched in 2014, the IRD began considering its strategy with
Europe back in 2012. It reorganised its mechanism with a joint
CPU/IRD representation in Brussels, and a European Affairs
Coordinator at the head office. This Coordinator coordinates,
for the supervisory bodies, the group of European experts on
“science” within the eighth partnership of the Africa-Europe
strategy. The IRD proposes a long-term vision of a European
Research Space that is open to the world and responsible
in the face of major global challenges. It is developing its
European dimension in accordance with its founding principles
of cooperation with Southern countries and with the values
of its partnership charter. This European dimension primarily
concerns the Directorate of Research and Innovation’s
programmes on cooperation with Southern countries,
although it also concerns all of the science, innovation and
training programmes implemented in the other General
Directorates. The IRD is additionally involved in setting up
and carrying out certain cooperation projects using European
development funds with extensive expertise, observation
and/or training components. In 2012, European Commission
funding amounted to €7,022K. It receives €113K (1.6%) from
the Directorate-General of Development and Cooperation
(EuropeAid), €2,453K (34.9%), from the European Regional
Development Fund and €4,456K (63.5%) from the
Seventh FPRD.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 17
Working in partnership • World-Wide events
in latin america and the caribbean
8 sites 175 staff members 32 individual grants awarded
5 young Southern research teams supported 200 joint publications
world-wide
events
in southern africa, east africa and the indian ocean
4 sites 65 staff members 9 individual grants awarded 6 young
Southern research teams supported 81 joint publications
in the mediterranean
3 sites 75 staff members 16 individual grants awarded
8 young Southern research teams supported 72 joint publications
> Satellite view of the coast / Guiana
> Rural market / Madagascar
> South Africa
• ERAfrica: Agreement on the joint financing of research projects
between Europe and Africa.
> Tarbat N’Tirsal Valley / Morocco
• Cooperation agreement with the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education
and Research.
• Submission of the collegial expertise financed by the Egyptian Court
of Cassation.
• PACEIM: Third edition of the Aide à la création d’entreprises innovantes
en Méditerranée (Supporting the Creation of Innovative Businesses in
the Mediterranean) programme.
• MédiTer LMI (International Combined Laboratory) seminar on Les
intérieurs du Maroc. Organisations sociales, configurations territoriales et
gestion des ressources rurales : entre permanences et adaptations (Inland
Morocco. Social organisations, territorial configurations and management of rural resources: between continuity and change) in Rabat,
Morocco.
page 18
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Madagascar
• Launch of the NOPOOR poverty reduction project.
• Several scientific cooperation agreements.
• Launch of the IRD website in Madagascar.
> Réunion
• First results of the CHARC programme - Connaissances de l’écologie
et de l’habitat de deux espèces de requins côtiers (Knowledge of the
ecology and habitat of two shark species) on the west coast of Réunion.
• Opening of the SEAS-OI satellite station.
• Signing of new agreements with Université de la Réunion.
• Launch of new research programmes in Mayotte and the Scattered
Islands.
> Latin America
• Creation of the IRD-EPN LMI (Earthquakes and Volcanoes in the
Northern Andes) in Ecuador.
• Creation of the JEAI (young team associated with IRD) (Molecular
epidemiology and experimental evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi,
focusing on Ecuadorian strains) in Ecuador.
• Development of a technology centre of excellence for Tuxpan
marine sciences and technology in Mexico.
• Scientific cooperation agreement with the Mexican National
Assembly.
• Creation of the EPIMAIZE (Epigenetic Inheritance in Maize) and
NANOBIOSA (Nanotechnology: targeting active molecules for the treatment of tuberculosis) JEAI in Mexico.
• Participation of the Great Ice LMI in a climate change observation
network in the Andes.
• Opening of the first Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station at
Mount Chacaltaya (5,240-m altitude) in Bolivia.
• Filming of a 52-minute documentary on the retreat of glaciers in the
Peruvian and Bolivian Andes.
• Launch of the Franco-Peruvian Doctoral School of Life Sciences.
• Rio+20 conference and launch of the joint French-Brazilian-African
call for projects on the African drylands.
• Launch of the European BBICE+ programme for cooperation in
science, technology and innovation between the European Union
and Brazil.
• Creation of the COPEDIM (copper and pediments) LMI in Chilli.
> Guiana
• 2012 SELPER symposium - Earth Observation for a Green Co-developed
World - Cayenne, French Guiana.
> Martinique
• Creation of the Caribbean agro-environmental campus.
• Meeting of the Caribbean HYCOS project steering committee, a
hydrological observatory covering all of the islands of the Lesser and
Greater Antilles.
Working in partnership • World-Wide events
in asia
4 sites 175 staff members 15 individual grants awarded
4 young Southern research teams supported 100 joint publications
in the pacific
2 sites
130 staff members
5 joint publications
in west and central africa
6 sites 393 staff members 52 individual grants awarded
13 young Southern research teams supported 243 joint
publications
> CERoPath workshop / Thailand
> AMMA weather station / Mali
• AMMA-CATCH Analyse multidisciplinaire de la mousson africaine
- Couplage de l’atmosphère tropicale et du cycle hydrologique
(African Monsoon Multi-disciplinary Analysis - Coupling of the Tropical
Atmosphere and the Hydrological Cycle) seminar, in Niger.
• Third forum of the GVal-Food Security project in Niamey, Niger.
• National water and sanitation forum in Niamey, Niger.
• Feedback workshop “10 years of research on water and the climate
in Benin” as part of the AMMA-CATCH observatory and the AMMA
programme in Cotonou, Benin.
• GRIBA African Union/European Union project: a programme
dedicated to knowledge of underground water resources in difficult
hydrogeologic areas, Cotonou, Benin.
• Scientific film week in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
• INNODEV incubator opened in Dakar, Senegal.
• MicroTrop training workshop on tropical ecology in Dakar, Senegal.
• Creation of 4 new LMI (LAPSE, IESOL, ECLAIR, PATEO) in Senegal.
• CEEAC-AIRD agreement: CRIFDAC (Creation of a Consortium for
Research, Innovation and Training in Central Africa).
• HYDRARIDE field school on Hydroscience and Geoscience of the
arid environments of Ngaoundere in Cameroon.
• ECOTROP field school on Tropical Ecology in Lopé in Gabon.
• Creation of the SELTAR PPR (regional pilot programme) in South and
South-East Asia.
• Launch of the LUSES LMI (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam) in Bangkok and
the CEFIRSE LMI in India.
• Creation of the VECTHAI JEAI for vector research in Thailand.
• Launch of the COME&SEA JEAI (Biogeochemistry and ecology of
tropical COastal Marine Ecosystems in South-East Asia) in Vietnam.
• Launch of the PEERS ACCLIMATE (Adaptation to Climate Change:
Land-use Innovative Models Applied to Environmental Management)
in Vietnam
• Launch of the regional “Encephalitis” network as part of the SEAe
(South-East Asia encephalitis) research project in Cambodia.
• Launch of the European SMILING and NOPOOR projects.
• Regional CEROPATH workshop in Bangkok.
• Launch of the ESTAFS network on aquaculture in South-East Asia.
• Several scientific cooperation agreements in Vietnam and Indonesia.
• International ID-BIO (Infectious Diseases, Biodiversity and Health
Risk in South-East Asia) congress in Hanoi, Vietnam.
• Set up of the MEGAVOL programme for volcanic monitoring in
Indonesia and incorporation of volcanology modules in the Masters
in Earth Sciences at the Bandung Institute of Technology.
• Filming of a documentary, “Le triangle vert” on the Conservatoire
du bambou at the bamboo conservation research centre in Phu An in
Vietnam.
• Launch of the MEGHA-TROPIQUES research programme on the
water cycle in India.
• Creation of the CEFIPRA bilateral programme - Indonesian-French
Centre for Advanced Research.
> French Polynesian fish
• Creation of an EIO (Oceanic insular ecosystems) mixed research unit
in French Polynesia.
• New Caledonia Atlas published.
• Bi-regional conference of the PACE-Net network in Noumea.
• International seminar “Mangroves de demain” (Mangroves of the
future) in Noumea.
• International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology
and Oceanography (ICSHMO) in Noumea.
• Signing of the agreement on the CVT (thematic promotion consortium) Valorisation Sud (Southern Development) with Université de la
Nouvelle-Calédonie and Université de la Polynésie française.
• Set up of the AeDenPac project for the implementation of an early
warning system that would help anticipate dengue fever and chikungunya virus epidemics in the South Pacific.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 19
page 20
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Rice genetics / Vietnam
preserving the environment
and its resources
improving the health of populations
in developing countries
understanding the evolution
of developing societies
25
32
36
excellence
in research
The scientific priorities of IRD fit within a global
framework dominated by climate change and a
significant loss of biodiversity, the increasing importance
of food safety issues, the appearance of emerging
infectious diseases, and the intensification and
growing complexity of globalisation. Understanding
the impact of these planetary changes on natural
ecosystems and societies is a major scientific
challenge and core issue in developing countries.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 21
excellence in research
> New research instruments for partnerships
As part of its goal to develop research partnerships with developing countries and to strengthen a finalised research operator,
IRD has introduced new instruments: International Joint Research
Units (LMI - Laboratoires mixtes internationaux) and Regional Pilot
Programmes (PPR - Programmes pilotes régionaux).
These joint initiatives are intended to build the research capacity of scientific communities in developing countries, at national
and regional level, encouraging North-South and South-South part-
nerships in order to meet major global development challenges.
Most of the IRD units are PPR and/or LMI stakeholders.
Created on the basis of on the strategic priorities identified as
part of the 2011-2015 performance contract, the PPRs are coordination and governance structures for North-South equality which
bring together and organise a network of various North-South
research teams focused on multidisciplinary mutual objectives
at the regional level. They aim for the greater involvement of
developing country partners in setting up, managing and steering
> Research laboratory / Benin
page 22
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
49%
of co-publications with
southern partners
research programmes, strengthening the impact of research carried out by IRD and its partners for developing country societies,
supporting training and innovation, and ensuring favourable
conditions for obtaining co-funding for research in developing
countries.
In 2012, five new PPRs were approved in a variety of fields,
such as environmental dynamics, resources and societies in
Amazonia (AMAZ), heritage, resources and governance in Eastern
and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (PAREGO), public policies, societies and globalisation in Sub-Saharan Africa (POLMAF),
risks, vulnerabilities and their impacts in the Andes (RIVIA) or even
soils, water, coastal areas and societies faced with risks in South
and Southeast Asia (SELTAR).
Launched in 2008, the International Joint Research Units
produced a working environment which included the close involvement of IRD teams and their partners. Located within the
partners’ premises, these operational structures are governed by
developed and developing countries. They are based on a long-term
commitment and offer a special opportunity to develop research,
training and innovation activities based on joint projects using
shared platforms (laboratories, equipment, electronic resources,
documentaries, etc.). Ten international joint research units
were created in 2012: seven in Sub-Saharan Africa, two in Latin
America and one in Asia. For example, the heritage and water territories joint research units were created in Senegal in collaboration
with several Senegalese and Mauritanian universities. Two other
joint research units were established in the health sector: one in
Gabon on zoonoses and the other in Cameroon and the Democratic
Republic of the Congo on infectious diseases.
excellence in research
increase in the number of joint publications
With developing countries
50%
40%
> Biological data analysis / New Caledonia
20%
> Publications: high visibility for IRD
The number of articles published by IRD researchers has
increased by approximately 3% and reached 1,270 references
in the Web of Science. This represents a 40% increase since 2006.
If we consider the scope of the Joint Research Units in which
IRD is involved, this scientific production represents more than
3,500 articles1.
The publications enjoy high visibility: 58% of these articles
are featured in high-impact journals in their category2 and
more than 11% in journals of excellence. Thus, 11 articles were
published in the Journal of Hydrology, 8 in PNAS, 7 in Remote sensing
of environment, 6 in Hydrology and earth system sciences, 5 in Plant
physiology, Plos pathogens, Science and 2 in Nature.
Each researcher contributes to two publications on average,
and 6% of the 778 published research engineers or technicians
have written more than five articles.
The rate of joint publication with developing countries has
now reached 49%. This increase is particularly striking in West
Africa and Latin America. The joint publications concern mainly
Senegal, Brazil, Peru, Cameroon, Benin and Burkina Faso.
30%
In social sciences (SHS), IRD researchers published 275 articles, 58 publications and 217 publication chapters included in
the Horizon database. A new indicator specific to social sciences
was established in 2011 for the performance contract; it is based
on a reference system created from AERES lists: 176 articles
correspond to this reference system, i.e. two-thirds of the article
production.
10%
0%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
joint publications in developing countries
West and Central Africa
latin America
Asia, pacific
east Africa, southern Africa, indian ocean
north Africa, Middle east
increase in the number of publications
betWeen 2006 and 2011
At least one ird researcher among authors
publication of an ird join research unit
3,500
300
3,000
250
2,500
200
2,000
150
1,500
100
1,000
50
500
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0
2009
2010
2011
1. The data applies to publications in 2011, since the year 2012 is still incomplete.
2. Subject categories of Web of science.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 23
FOCUS
excellence in research
> Sample collection, MADANG mission / Papua New Guinea
the madang 2012 expedition
in a few figures
> For the land mission
• 8 study stations distributed from 200 to 3,700 m;
• 1,500 measured and identified trees;
• 620 plant specimens collected and placed in a herbarium;
• 3,858 samples collected, i.e. approximately half
a million insects;
• Probably more than 60% representing new species
for Science.
> For the marine mission
• 730 coastal samples and 150 samples taken from the sea
up to 1,000 m in depth;
• 400 coral species, 1,450 decapod crustacean species;
• 4,500 mollusc species;
• 320 shellfish species;
• 1,300 fish species;
• 300 algae species;
• Probably 500 to 1,000 new species for Science.
page 24
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Red-footed Booby, MOM-ALIS mission / New Caledonia
> Expeditions to learn about the land
Geologists and natural hazard specialists came together
to measure the movement of Vanikoro, an island located in the
Solomon Archipelago on the Pacific Ring of Fire, in an area where
the Australian Plate drops suddenly below the North Fiji Basin, on
the edge of the Pacific Plate.
The oceanic mission PANDORA made it possible to study the
characteristics and flow of the ocean waters in the region of the
Solomon sea, a key passage for the masses of water which flow from
the Southeast Pacific to the equator, and determine the climatic
variability of the equatorial Pacific.
Furthermore, the BIFURCATION campaign enabled an understanding of regional ocean circulation in the Coral Sea by documenting the fate of the water of one of the main currents in this
region, the North Caledonian Jet, when it meets the Queensland
plateau off the coast of Australia.
The seabird colonies of the Chesterfield Islands, at the heart
of the Coral Sea, were studied during the MOM-ALIS mission that
brought together IRD and CNRS researchers.
Several marine biologists set off for the first missions of the
PRISTINE project on the remote sites of the New Caledonia archipelago in order to carry out the first referencing of the marine
biodiversity of several nearly untouched sites of the South Pacific.
Lastly, as part of the international PIRATA programme, data
was collected from five meteorological and oceanic buoys in the
tropical Atlantic ocean.
in developing countries
Several exploration projects and expeditions have been carried out.
Six years after Santo 2006 in Vanuatu and two years after
Mozambique, IRD scientists, along with scientists from the National Museum of Natural History and Pro Natura International,
explored the terrestrial and marine biodiversity of Papua New
Guinea over three months as part of the MADANG 2012 mission.
The Pakaihi I Te Moana, respect the ocean campaign enabled
a better understanding of the biodiversity of the Marquesas
Islands while another expedition was undertaken on board the
French tuna seiner Torre Giulia in order to better understand the
behaviour of fish which cluster around the floating objects used
by fishermen.
> Marine biodiversity study, PRISTINE mission / New Caledonia
1
des recherches d’excellence tournées vers les suds • préserver l’environneMent et les ressourCes
Preserving
the environment
and its resources
IRD researchers are studying
the characteristics of tropical aquatic and
continental environments, climate change and
their effects on developing countries.
Conducted in close collaboration with various French scientists and
partner countries and focused on the Institute’s priority subject
areas, these studies concern primarily volcanic and seismic risks and
hazards, climate variability, water resources, the dynamics of natural
and operated systems, the conservation of biodiversity, food safety
and the sustainable management of sensitive environments, such as
forests, coastlines and even glaciers.
Observing, measuring and simulating in order to better assess
vulnerability, understanding and predicting the functioning of
natural ecosystems and those modified by humans, describing and
modelling to better manage and anticipate change, transferring and
sharing knowledge within increasingly structured communities at
the national and regional level: these actions form the basis of such
activities.
The work in question – which is primarily multidisciplinary – often
involves interactions or interfaces and increasingly combines environmental, health and social sciences. These studies are conducted
within the framework of joint research units or joint international
units.
protecting
caledonian mangroves
the retreat of the andean glaciers
conservation agriculture:
towards sustainable rural development
protecting lake titicaca
protecting crops from
biological attacks and insect pests
monitoring indonesian
volcanoes
26
27
28
29
30
31
957
researchers, engineers
and technicians
821
articles
Contact: der@ird.fr
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 25
excellence in research • preserving tHe environMent And its resourCes
protecting
caledonian
mangroves
A natural barrier against cyclones and coastal erosion,
in addition to a source of food, mangroves are vital
from both an ecological and economic perspective.
However, due to population growth, increasing
urbanisation, the development of industrial activities
and the exploitation of natural resources, this ecosystem
is disappearing at a rate of 1 to 2% per year worldwide.
> Mangrove affected by the mining activity / New Caledonia
A
new
caledonia
partner
Jacques Loquet
Chairman of the Voh heritage and
history association and the Koniambo
environmental committee.
“
The mangrove swamp is a highly coveted
environment from an economic perspective. Since the
dawn of time, people have lived off the products of
mangrove swamps. Given our responsibility for
environmental protection, we follow with keen interest
the work conducted by IRD, which demonstrates the
impact of mining operations on this ecosystem. In
particular, we are monitoring the new water management
systems which have been implemented.”
contact
Cyril Marchand – IMPMC Joint Research Unit
(IRD / CNRS / Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6)
cyril.marchand@ird.fr
Resources: Chemical Geology, Geoderma
page 26
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
mangrove swamp is a coastal forest which develops
between land and sea, with the lower part of the mangroves immersed in water. Such forests cover three
quarters of the tropical coastline, i.e. nearly 150,000 km2. In
New Caledonia, they cover nearly 80% of the island’s western
coast. This ecosystem comprises different areas, each dominated
by a specific mangrove species, depending on the topography
of the soil and the tidal immersion time.
This unusual ecosystem plays a fundamental role in the
carbon cycle due to its remarkable ability to transform atmospheric CO2 into organic matter. Together with primary tropical
forests, mangroves are the terrestrial ecosystem producing the
most biomass. IRD researchers have shown that carbon stock can
be estimated at 795 ± 65 tonnes per hectare of mangrove forest.
Of this stock, 83% is stored in the soil, 14% in above-ground biomass and 3% in root biomass. However, when decomposing, the
organic carbon stored produces CO2. The closer the mangrove
forest is to the ocean, the more its soil is waterlogged, leading to
reduced CO2 flows and a greater ability to trap this greenhouse
gas. However, the biodiversity and productivity of mangrove
forests depend on the type of climate in which they develop. The
aim is now to develop a mangrove observatory by carrying out
the same study in New Zealand, Vietnam and Senegal.
> CO2 measurements / New Caledonia
Furthermore, the New Caledonian mangrove acts as a buffer
zone between mined massifs, rich in iron, manganese, nickel,
chrome and cobalt, and the lagoon. Scientists have compared
the heavy metal concentrations of two mangroves: one located
downstream from a nickel mine and the other having an unexploited catchment area. The analysis of sediment core samples
taken at low tide in the different mangrove areas showed concentrations of metals such as iron, nickel and chrome that were 10
to 100 times higher downstream of mining sites. The researchers
also noted the biogeochemical processes specific to the various
mangrove species. Thus, without the dense plant network created by the mangrove forest, pollutant-laden sediments could be
remobilised towards the lagoon – a jewel of global biodiversity
and significant source of income for the local peoples.
Other studies have been conducted on the mangrove forests’
ability to act as a filter in relation to nutrient-rich effluents
from aquaculture. Shellfish, mollusc and plant samples have
enabled scientists to better understand the fate of discharges
and to determine the real ability of mangroves to act as a filter.
This work contributes to a better overall understanding
of the processes governing this ecosystem. It will enable the
implementation of suitable management systems in order to
minimise the impact of economic activities on mangroves.
excellence in research • preserving tHe environMent And its resourCes
theretreatofthe
andeanglaciers
Glaciers help regulate water resources throughout
the year. Apart from the exceptional biodiversity of
mountain ecosystems, millions of Andean inhabitants
also depend on such ecosystems for agriculture,
hydroelectric power and city consumption.
partner
ecuador
Patricio Andino
and Rodrigo Espinosa
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, PUCE, Ecuador.
“
Since 2008, PUCE1 and IRD have collaborated on
several projects concerning the study of glacial stream
biodiversity on the slopes of the Antisana volcano.
This revealed the fundamental role played by water
produced by melting glaciers for biological diversity,
which is in turn vital to maintaining the quality of the
water used downstream for the irrigation of land and the
consumption of the inhabitants of Quito. These studies
are also being conducted on other volcanoes in Ecuador,
in order to confirm the regional importance of glaciers
for the aquatic biodiversity of the Andean páramos.”
I
RD researchers and their partners analysed ice changes
across the entire tropical Andean region over more than
three centuries. By studying moraines, rocky deposits left
behind by the passage of glaciers which indicate their previous
positions, glaciologists were able to prove a spectacular retreat
over the last 30 years: the surface area of the glaciers of Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia have been reduced by 30 to 50% and
up to 80 to 100% in extreme cases. If temperatures continue to
rise, most of them could disappear by the end of the century,
thereby depriving many valley cities of water and deeply affecting
the Andean peoples.
The retreat of glaciers also endangers the biodiversity
of glacial streams. Ecologists have studied in particular the
aquatic fauna in the páramos, typical Andean ecosystems located
at an altitude of between 3,500 and 5,000 m. For over a year, they
took samples from glacial streams and listed several species, in
particular insects, which inhabit these extreme environments.
Their work shows that, as soon as the glacial coverage is reduced
to the point where it only covers 30 to 50% of the drainage basin,
several species begin to disappear. If the glaciers had to melt completely, nearly 40% of the species could disappear. In addition to
the loss of biodiversity created, the entire mountain ecosystem
could be disrupted. Insects play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter which enables the constitution of the
soil. Moreover, the consequences for other species, such as fish,
amphibians, birds and mammals, are hard to predict since the
ecological role of most threatened invertebrates is currently
still unknown. Lastly, insects provide a good indication of the
quality of the water supplied to cities downstream and can be
used as tools for better management of the resource.
The work conducted by IRD also concerns the plant recolonisation of land exposed by the melting ice. Within the context
of quick climate change, several barriers to this recolonisation
were revealed by researchers. Due to limited seed dispersal, only
certain species are able to quickly recolonise these areas. Furthermore, as the glacier retreats and moves away, weather conditions
for plants become increasingly difficult (more droughts), leading
to the disappearance of part of the species which colonised the
site. Lastly, as a result of the fast rise in temperatures, the founding plants which favour the creation of a new Alpine ecosystem
by forming a soil and providing protection against the cold and
droughts, have little time to colonise the ground before having
to compete with species from lower altitudes. All these factors
weaken Alpine plant communities.
In a context of global change, the aim of these various
studies is to improve forecasts in order to better anticipate future
impacts on Andean peoples and the unique biodiversity of these
regions.
> Water conductivity measurements in the Paramos / Ecuador
1. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.
contacts
Bernard Francou – LTHE Joint Research Unit
(CNRS-IRD-Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1)
bernard.francou@ird.fr
Olivier Dangles – BEI Research Unit
olivier.dangles@ird.fr
Fabien Anthelme – AMAP Joint Research Unit
(Cirad-CNRS-Inra-IRD-Université Montpellier 2)
fabien.anthelme@ird.fr
Resources: The Cryosphere, Nature climate change,
Journal of Vegetation Science, Plant Ecology & Diversity
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 27
excellence in research • preserving tHe environMent And its resourCes
conservation
agriculture:
towards
sustainablerural
development
Population growth and the impact of climate
change on natural resources require a 70% overall
increase in food production by 2050. However,
the intensive use of pesticides and industrial
agriculture are not sustainable. The implementation
of alternative methods is becoming imperative.
partner
tunisia
Pr Tahar Gallali
Tunis University.
“
The RIME-PAMPA project is both multidisciplinary and multicountry. In addition to the relevance of its subject area,
it is an important collaboration project with a special approach:
proper discussions during its design, the pooling of material
and human resources, and above all the structure provided by a
Research Master’s where our IRD colleagues accepted to share
teaching and supervision tasks with us. This commitment gives
full meaning to cooperation aimed at real knowledge sharing.”
contacts
Jean-Luc Chotte and Martial Bernoux – Eco&Sol Joint
Research Unit (Cirad-IRD-Inra-Montpellier SupAgro)
jean-luc.chotte@ird.fr / martial.bernoux@ird.fr
Christian Valentin – BIOEMCO Joint Research Unit
(AgroParisTech-CNRS-ENS Paris-Inra-IRD-Université
Paris 6-Université Paris 12)
christian.valentin@ird.fr
Resources: Journal of Arid Environments, European Journal of Agronomy,
Applied Soil Ecology, Outlook on agriculture
page 28
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
T
he cultivation technique of sowing under plant cover is
based on minimum mechanical soil disturbance, maintaining permanent plant cover and the direct sowing
of crops through plant cover. Also referred to as conservation
agriculture, it protects the soil against erosion and improves
its fertility through constant additions of organic matter and a
simulation of biological activities. However, this method requires
certain technical skills, in particular regarding the choice of
ground cover, which should not compete with cultivated crops.
The distribution of these systems is faced with several constraints:
social, cultural (disuse of ploughing), technical (training and
learning expenses) and organisational, thus requiring the implementation of supporting policies. The purpose of the RIME
PAMPA1 multidisciplinary project is to assess the advantages
and disadvantages of this technique in order to understand the
factors which will enable its adoption by farmers and ensure
sustainable rural development.
IRD researchers and their partners measured the environmental impacts of direct sowing at the landscape level in
Tunisia, Madagascar and Vietnam. Assessments of the density
of earthworm biomass and rain simulations enabled them to
demonstrate that this technique favours biological activity and
limits soil erosion. Through their decomposition, crop residues
remaining on the ground ensure the renewal of the nutrients
> Maize cultivated in combination with a forage cereal / Cameroon
required for the next crop. Earthworms replace the activities of
tilling and weeding. The researchers also compared the capacity
of conventionally farmed soils and soils using direct sowing
techniques to store carbon and assessed the stability and resilience of such storage faced with climate change.
Furthermore, scientists have identified the constraints
to adopting this system and are searching for alternatives.
On small family farms, agriculture is combined with cattle
breeding and manual labour is still very important. The lack
of long-term support to farmers, their low investment capacity
and the necessity of feeding cattle are further obstacles to the
development of conservation agriculture.
The soil and the value of its services are increasingly being
seen as natural capital. Thanks to bio-economic modelling and
a cost-benefit analysis of the direct sowing technique, the IRD
teams and their partners initiated discussions on the dynamics
and management of this capital.
This multidisciplinary approach regarding the impact of
sowing under plant cover on the environment and societies
made it possible to start more extensive discussions on managing agro-ecosystems in such a way as to ensure the sustainable
management of land while protecting soils and their fertility.
1. Multi-country support programme for agro-ecology.
> Soil carbon measurement / Tunisia
excellence in research • preserving tHe environMent And its resourCes
protecting
lake titicaca
The Altiplano region of Bolivia, located at an altitude
of 3,700m, is one of the main mining areas in the
world. Many precious and commercially important
metals are extensively mined in the region. However,
this highly polluting activity is carried out to
the detriment of peoples and ecosystems.
partner
bolivia
Dario Acha
Instituto de Ecología - Universidad
Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia.
“
This project brought together a network of
researchers from Bolivia, Peru and France, in order
to study the pollution of Lake Titicaca. This is the
largest lake in the Altiplano region, the main source
of fish protein for millions of people and the cradle of
Incan civilisation. It is also a major tourist attraction
and a unique environment. Despite alarming
reports on the decline of the fishing industry, very
little research has been conducted over the last
thirty years. The first results could have a major
impact on the protection of this ecosystem.”
contact
David Point – GET Joint Research Unit
(CNRS-IRD-Université Toulouse 3)
david.point@ird.fr
Resource: International workshop “Fonctionnnement et contamination
du lac Titicaca” (Functioning and Contamination of Lake Titicaca),
12-13 May 2011, Bolivia.
> Lake Titicaca / Bolivia
A
t the border between Bolivia and Peru, Lake Titicaca
covers approximately 8,500 km2. With 25 rivers emptying into the lake, it is at the centre of a great basin of
58,000 km2, which represents one of the main sources of food for
the native peoples along its shores.
The extraction of gold, silver, zinc, copper, bismuth, tin
and even antimony has resulted in considerable quantities of
mining waste being accumulated in this region for centuries
past. This waste is a persistent source of pollution for the peoples,
but also for the lake basin ecosystems characterised by a unique
biodiversity. We assume that the uncontrolled mining activities,
combined with extreme climatic conditions and the internal
characteristics of these high-mountain lakes, play an important role in the deterioration of ecosystems and massive losses
of biodiversity observed in the region. The fishing activity has
increased from 3,000 tonnes per year in 1992 to 500 tonnes per
year in 2005.
In collaboration with its French, Bolivian and Peruvian partners, IRD is conducting research into the biogeochemical cycle of
metallic pollutants and their dynamic in the lake ecosystem food
webs of the Titicaca Lake basin. By characterising the sediment,
water and various aquatic species through modern methods of
molecular and isotopic analysis for trace metals1, the researchers
are trying to identify the sources of contamination and their
ecological impact, in addition to the physicochemical and microbiological factors which control the transformation and mobility
of metal elements in the environment.
In particular, scientists are working on mercury, a powerful
neurotoxin which accumulates at all levels of the food chain.
Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable and
become contaminated by eating fish. In order to trace the source
of mercury pollution, they perform molecular and isotopic analyses throughout the ecosystem.
The study of contamination levels and their effect on the
Titicaca ecosystem is currently a priority for local native peoples and
Bolivian and Peruvian institutions alike. The research conducted
by IRD and its partners will enable a better understanding of the
processes involved, as well as their environmental and health
impacts in order to inform and guide the local authorities.
1. In the field of environmental assessment, the analysis of the isotopic composition of some metal
pollutants makes it possible to better differentiate the source of these pollutants and better understand
their reactivity.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 29
excellence in research • preserving tHe environMent And its resourCes
protecting
cropsfrom
biologicalattacks
andinsectpests
The ability to protect cultivated plants from biological
attacks is an essential part of developing sustainable
agriculture and enabling food needs to be met. IRD teams
are conducting many projects for this purpose.
partner
burkina
faso
“
Drissa Sereme
Assistant Manager in the Laboratory
of Virology and Plant Biotechnologies
of the Environment and Agricultural
Research Institute (INERA) - Burkina Faso.
IRD and our laboratory have been collaborating for
several years. We worked together on the rice yellow mottle
virus due to its economic significance and originality as a
biological model. The findings are very promising for my
country. They should make it possible, on the one hand,
to offer effective and sustainable disease control strategies
to producers and, on the other hand, to consider the virus
not as an enemy but rather as a biotechnological tool used
in particular to manufacture vaccines.”
contacts
Michel Nicole – RPB Joint Research Unit
(Cirad-IRD-Université Montpellier 2)
michel.nicole@ird.fr – www.umr-rpb.fr
Jean-François Silvain – BEI Research Unit
jean-francois.silvain@ird.fr
Resources: European Journal of Plant Pathology, Plos Pathogens, Phytopathology, Plant Protection
Journal, Plos one, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata.
page 30
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> On the left, plant afflicted with rice yellow mosaic virus / Burkina Faso
T
> Corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioide)
he study and responsible use of plant biodiversity are
necessary for the development of ecologically intensive agriculture. The genetically improved resistance
of cultivated species to pathogens and pests is a priority in an
agricultural economic context which encourages the reduction
of inputs and the use of phytosanitary products.
IRD researchers and their partners in West and East Africa,
Central and South America and Asia are studying the diversity
of and changes in viral, bacterial, fungal and nematode1 resistance genes in certain cultivated plants, such as the coffee tree,
rice, the banana tree and the coconut tree. These parasites have
developed specific infection strategies in order to keep their
host alive to complete their biological cycle. In particular, they
eliminate these defence mechanisms. Some of the research
conducted on rice concerns the understanding of these molecular mechanisms in order to offer sustainable resistance
management. By studying the rice yellow mottle virus, scientists
have isolated resistance-breaking strains in the African plant.
Furthermore, these studies cast new light on the little-known
causes and factors of emerging diseases. They contribute to the
implementation of effective and sustainable response methods.
Other teams are studying borer lepidopteran insects, which
caterpillars feed on in African grasses. Their work demonstrates
that these insects have been specifically subservient to this
plant family for millions of years and that their diversity has
increased significantly following the expansion of open savan-
nah-type environments. They underline the specialised nature
of current borers, which exploit only part of the potential host
plants as a result of various attraction stimuli, mediated in
particular by the sugar content of grasses. Based on the study
of populations from a single species, found in both wild and
cultivated resources, scientists also discovered that changes
in the food-seeking behaviour of insects, and therefore the acquisition of pest status, were influenced by a major gene: the
foraging gene. Different forms of this gene were found in the
noctuid caterpillar2 in populations associated with wild plants
on the one hand, and maize on the other hand.
Lastly, climate change will have a growing impact on natural and man-made ecosystems and on parasites and pests. In
this regard, the young associated team KENCCA3 is conducting a
project concerning the impact of these changes on the agricultural system in Kenya. In addition to these studies, an analysis
of the impact of soils with high silica content on the activity of
grass borers in maize plantations is underway.
Thus, these multidisciplinary projects aim to develop
knowledge of the aetiology of plant diseases and the behaviour
of pathogenic microorganisms and pests. They will make it
possible to better protect crops and strengthen food safety in
developing countries.
1. Invertebrate animal from the worm group.
2. Sesamia nonagrioides.
3. Kenyan Climate Change and Adaptation.
excellence in research • preserving tHe environMent And its resourCes
monitoring
indonesian
volcanoes
With more than 120 active volcanoes across 4,000 km
of the archipelago and 10 eruptions per year on average,
Indonesia is the country most exposed to volcanic
hazards in the world. The very high population density
across these islands means a large amount of inhabitants
are extremely vulnerable. Improved monitoring is a true
challenge for this archipelago.
indonesia
partner
Dr Surono
Director of the Indonesian Centre
for Volcanology and Geological
Hazards Mitigation.
“
I am happy to welcome IRD agents and I expect this
collaboration to provide research material on specific subjects
which will help my decision-making in order to reduce risks
and prevent human deaths as far as possible. Research is
often contributed after eruptive events, in an attempt to
understand how the eruption occurred, among other reasons.
This approach is desirable, but in order to make important
decisions in the event of a crisis, the studies conducted with
IRD before and during the eruptions are essential.”
contacts
Philipson Bani - LMV Joint Research Unit
(CNRS-IRD-Université Blaise Pascal-Université Jean Monnet)
philipson.bani@ird.fr
Jean-Philippe Metaxian - ISTerre Joint Research Unit
(CNRS-Ifsttar-IRD-Université Grenoble 1 – Université de Savoie)
jean-philippe.metaxian@ird.fr
Jean-Paul Toutain - IRD representative in Indonesia
jean-paul.toutain@ird.fr
Resources: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
E
very year, the Indonesian population suffers the consequences of volcanic eruptions. IRD collaborates with the
Indonesian centre for the reduction of volcanic hazards1,
which monitors 76 of the archipelago’s active volcanoes. The
multidisciplinary project MEGAVOL 2 aims therefore to develop new monitoring methods suited to the specific context of
Indonesian volcanism and directly applicable to the local volcanic
hazard management system.
Another component of this programme is the creation of
an instrumental platform enabling the optimal analysis of the
geophysical and geochemical data transmitted by the stations
located on the sides of volcanoes. It will enable warning signals
to be detected as soon as possible.
The aim is also to expand the volcanic monitoring network
by 2014 so that each active volcano may be equipped with at least
one station. This is the case on the Moluccas archipelago which is
comprised of five very active volcanoes: Gamalama, Gamkonora,
Kebesi, Ibu and Dukono. The monitoring system for these
volcanoes is insufficient. Only one to two seismic stations were
set up per volcano. This is why IRD was requested to strengthen
this monitoring network. The researchers will initially work
on the Gamalama and Dukono volcanoes, at the foot of which
two of the archipelago’s main cities were built, each counting
50,000 inhabitants. Four stations will be established in 2013.
The IRD researchers and their partners are also studying
Merapi, one of the most active and explosive volcanoes in
Indonesia. Located on the island of Java about 30 kilometres from
the city of Yogyakarta, it threatens more than 500,000 people.
Its most recent eruption, in 2010, required 300,000 people to
be evacuated within a radius of 20 km, greatly disrupting the
region’s social and economic balance. Two hundred people were
killed. Therefore, improved monitoring and the management of
such hazards are considered a priority for Indonesian authorities.
Although scientists recognise the early signs of an eruption, it is
difficult to predict the intensity. Volcanoes are complex systems
of magma transfer from deep areas up to the surface and each
stage results in physicochemical changes of the lava causing
the type of eruption. The DOMERAPI3 programme is intended to
study the magma reservoirs and eruptive processes of the Merapi
volcano. Ultimately, it will lead to a better understanding of these
processes in order to better predict the impact of eruptions on
the populations.
By improving the volcano monitoring system and local scientific expertise, the projects conducted by IRD and its partners in
Indonesia will also support local authorities with the implementation of more effective prevention policies, risk management
policies and population protection policies.
1. Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazards Mitigation, CVGHM.
2. Geophysical methods for monitoring.
3. ANR programme - Dynamics of an arc volcano with lava domes, the Merapi.
> Monitoring of Talang volcano / Indonesia
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 31
33
34
35
2
des recherches d’excellence tournées vers les suds • AMéliorer lA sAnté des populAtions du sud
a natural alternative to antibiotics
in the poultry industry
towards the elimination
of sleeping sickness
a new approach to vaccine
manufacturing
imProving the health
of PoPulations in
develoPing countries
390
researchers, engineers
and technicians
425
articles
Contact: dsa@ird.fr
page 32
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
The health of populations is a major challenge
for IRD and lies at the heart of the Millennium
Development Goals.
Research activities in the field of health are part of four main subject
areas: infectious diseases and in particular those related to poverty,
such as malaria, HIV infection or tuberculosis, rare or neglected
diseases and emerging infectious diseases. In addition to the basic
research, the following subjects are addressed: access to prevention,
health care and treatment, developments in terms of diagnostic
methods, medicine, vaccines and vector control.
So-called “lifestyle diseases”, the main causes of morbidity and
mortality in developed countries, are occurring more frequently in
developing countries. Therefore, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular
diseases are extensively studied.
Nutrition is still a major problem in developing countries and widely
studied by the scientists of the Institute in Africa and Southeast Asia.
The research concerns public health and metabolism, the assessment
of needs and the availability of macro- and micronutrients, in order to
improve the care provided to populations.
Lastly, environmental and health concerns are becoming increasingly
important in cross-disciplinary actions and collaborations with many
scientists from universities and research institutions in France and
other partner (developed or developing) countries.
excellence in research • iMproving tHe HeAltH of populAtions in developing Countries
a natural
alternative
to antibiotics
in the poultry
industry
fully ingested by the animals. Scientists could thus identify the
plant extracts capable of stimulating chicken growth. These
properties were confirmed in a second stage at pilot scale, in
partnership with a company. The researchers showed that the
effect of this plant-based food supplement was comparable to
that of commercially used antibiotics. Furthermore, the selected
plant and its active agent are abundant in tropical regions.
The Peruvian poultry industry produces 40 million chickens per month. This promising discovery could also help
reduce the use of antibiotics in industrial poultry farms and
limit the outbreak of resistant bacteria, which are dangerous
for animals and humans alike. It is the subject of a filed international patent and the project partners hope to license the
patent to manufacturers capable of producing the substance
that will become part of the feed ration for poultry.
While the use of antibiotics as growth promoters for
commercial poultry has been prohibited in Europe and
Japan for several years, they are still used in the Americas.
However, this practice could foster the outbreak of
resistant bacteria capable of infecting humans. Ongoing
research could provide an alternative to these practices.
> Medicinal plants on the market in Iquitos / Peru
peru
“
partner
Rosario Rojas
assistant director of the LAVI
international joint research unit, lecturer
at Cayetano Heredia University in Peru.
Each partner in this project contributed
complementary scientific expertise. For the first time
ever, my university launched a collaborative project and
negotiations with a major company. We were able to
benefit from IRD’s experience in the area. This work will
enable Peru to develop a useful product for the country’s
economic development based on its biodiversity.”
contact
Michel Sauvain – PHARMA-DEV Joint
Research Unit (IRD-Université Toulouse III)
michel.sauvain@ird.fr
Resource: pCt patent no. 1662/2012
> Intensive chicken farming / Peru
M
odern animal production systems use antibiotics and
other antimicrobials in disease prevention and treatment. Since the 1950s, some specialised farmers have
also used antibiotics to stimulate animal growth. Thus, they
achieve better weight gain, which in turn enables them to speed
up the marketing of their production. However, the intensive
and repeated use of antibiotics leads to the development of
resistance, especially in certain bacteria of the digestive tract,
which could infect humans. This resistance limits treatment
options, delays healing and increases the associated costs.
IRD researchers and their partners in Peru are working
on Andean and Amazonian medicinal plants to identify the
molecules or molecular groups with strong pharmacological
properties. They have studied the possibility of using aromatic
plants or those used in conventional medicine as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics in commercial poultry
breeding.
Thirteen plant extracts were thus selected and administered to chickens throughout their growth. Excepting one of
these extracts, they were tolerated well and the dose levels were
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 33
excellence in research • iMproving tHe HeAltH of populAtions in developing Countries
towards the
elimination of
sleeping sickness
Human African Trypanosomiasis is one of the ten
neglected tropical diseases targeted by the London
Declaration of 2012 which, based on the roadmap
established by the World Health Organisation,
commits the international community to eradicating
these pathologies by 2020. The ongoing research,
in particular in Guinea, will eventually provide new
tools to achieve this objective of elimination.
partner
burkina
faso
“
Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse
Entomologist at CIRDES
and coordinator of JEAI
ECOVECTRYP – Burkina Faso.
Our collaboration with IRD, which operates in
several countries, has enabled us to forge subregional
partnerships. We have also benefited from technology
transfer facilities. Thanks to this work, CIRDES (the
international centre of research and development of
the livestock sub-humid zone) was designated a WHO
collaborative centre in the battle against sleeping sickness.
Furthermore, a network of researchers was established
around JEAI ECOVECTRYP, which facilitates collaboration
on cross-cutting subject areas at the subregional
level, in particular with Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire.”
contact
Philippe Solano – INTERTRYP Joint
Research Unit (Cirad-IRD)
philippe.solano@ird.fr
Resource : PLOS Neglected tropical diseases
page 34
S
leeping sickness, or Human African Trypanosomiasis
(HAT), is caused by a protozoan parasite, the trypanosome
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The latter is transmitted
through a vector insect, the tsetse fly. To date, there is no vaccine,
preventive treatment against HAT, or any repellent to ward off
the vector. The treatments, based on already existing molecules,
are difficult to administer and sometimes toxic.
Therefore, IRD researchers and their partners in West Africa
monitored infected subjects refusing the treatment over 15 years.
They noted the ability of some patients to control the level of
parasites in their blood, just like the trypanotolerance phenomenon described in certain farm animals. Other patients are
seropositive, i.e. they have specific antibodies, but their blood
shows no parasites. These subjects could carry a latent infection.
Until now, however, the fight against HAT has been based purely
on a screening and treatment strategy. Thus, only subjects with
trypanosomes as revealed through microscopy are treated. Therefore, seropositive patients who are not found to have parasites
are not treated, although they could potentially transmit the
disease. This work suggests that the pathology will be eliminated
through the consideration of factors other than the screening of
parasites in the blood in order to implement treatment. It also
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Tsetse fly trap installation / Guinea
opens up new research avenues to better understand the genetic
and immune factors enabling certain patients to tolerate the
trypanosome infection where others die as a result.
In a complementary manner, an epidemiological study
conducted in the Boffa prefecture in Guinea reveals the importance of the fight against the tsetse fly and its complementary
role in the screening and treatment strategy. The struggle for
vector control, based on trapping the tsetse fly, interrupts the
parasitic cycle and represents the only currently available means
of prevention to keep humans from suffering an infectious bite.
Scientists have created a map of populations, cattle, tsetse flies
and trypanosomes in the area. They showed that the high mobility
of populations in Boffa and their activities in the mangrove forest
increase contact with the tsetse fly and limit the effectiveness
of medical supervision. Under these conditions, screening and
treatment alone prove to be insufficient when not combined
with the setting of tsetse fly traps.
These findings have been taken into consideration by the
international community and the WHO, which recommends
incorporating the struggle for vector control and the monitoring
of seropositive subjects into strategies for eliminating sleeping
sickness.
excellence in research • iMproving tHe HeAltH of populAtions in developing Countries
anewapproach
tovaccine
manufacturing
Several emerging diseases are caused by RNA viruses
transmitted by arthropods. The numerous Dengue,
Rift Valley fever and Chikungunya epidemics have
significantly affected the health of populations over
the last few decades, highlighting the importance of
better understanding the functioning and evolution
of these viruses in order to quickly find new treatment
options or vaccines.
partner
australia
Prof. Edward C. Holmes
University of Sydney.
“
This collaborative project with IRD has proven to be very
interesting and, in my opinion, two of our observations will
have a major impact. On the one hand, genomic re-encoding
is a safe and effective way to develop a vaccine for the
Chikungunya virus and could be adapted to other similar
viruses. On the other hand, this work provided us with
information on the evolution of viruses: they were unable to
restore their ability to replicate by correcting the mutations
introduced by genomic re-encoding, and tried to do so
(in a very incomplete manner) by developing new mutations
which change viral proteins.”
A
ntiviral vaccines are an essential component of the
international public health policy and have considerable
health benefits, in particular for children: it is estimated
that more than 2-3 million deaths per year are prevented
through vaccination. The most effective and least expensive
are so-called “live attenuated” vaccines. Infectious agents are
multiplied in a laboratory until they lose their pathogenic
potential. The strains obtained are then unable to fully develop
the disease, but retain their ability to produce an immune
reaction. These vaccines are usually more effective than those
comprised of inactivated infectious agents and provide longlasting protection after fewer injections. They are therefore
particularly well suited to populations in resource-poor
countries.
However, preparing these vaccines is no easy task. The
attenuation of the virulence of vaccine strains is a complex
phenomenon which is particularly difficult to control. Therefore, many viral pathologies have no vaccine and, should a new
virus emerge (a repeated phenomenon over the last few decades),
it is difficult to attempt to quickly produce such vaccines.
IRD researchers and their partners have developed an
innovative method to manufacture attenuated viruses,
representing potential candidate vaccines. As a model, they
used the Chikungunya virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti and
> 3D structure of the chikungunya virus
> Mosquito vector of chikungunya
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and which has infected several
million human beings over the last few decades. This virus has a
genome composed of an RNA molecule. This type of virus has
the peculiarity of presenting very high mutation rates. Through
genomic re-encoding, scientists have introduced mutations
into the virus genome without changing the viral proteins,
and obtained artificially recomposed viral genomes associated
with reduced virulence. This method, which can be applied
to several viral pathogens, can be implemented within a very
short timeframe and, furthermore, facilitates the production
of attenuated viruses. This could lead to a dramatic change
in the current approach to manufacturing antiviral vaccines.
This work represents an innovative avenue for the production of new-generation attenuated viral vaccines.
> Vaccination
contacts
Xavier de Lamballerie and Antoine Nougairède
EPV Joint Research Unit (Aix-Marseille University-EHESP-EFS-IRD)
xavier.de-lamballerie@univ-amu.fr / antoine.nougairede@univ-amu.fr
Resource: PLOS Pathogens
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 35
37
38
39
waters and territories
of the deltas in east africa
international dissemination of knowledge:
challenges in developing countries
indigenous peoples and
environmental issues
232
researchers, engineers
and technicians
275
articles
58
books
217
books chapters
Contact : dso@ird.fr
page 36
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
3
understanding
the evolution of
develoPing societies
The social science research conducted
aims to analyse the human and social
factors at the heart of the development
of developing countries.
Anthropologists, economists, geographers, demographers, historians, linguists, sociologists, political scientists and archaeologists
structure their studies around three major subject areas which
are of crucial importance for developing countries: development
and governance, vulnerability, inequality and growth; social and
spatial dynamics and boundaries.
This work, conducted at local, transnational and comparative
levels, enables a dialogue to be established with all players in the
society, be they decision-makers or citizens. It aims to understand
the foundations upon which developing societies are built and
the transformations which characterise them today, in particular
through the study of migration, heritage preservation, religious
movements, social inequality and the various forms of vulnerability faced by these societies. This research is open to interdisciplinary cooperation.
excellence in research • understAnding tHe evolution of developing soCieties
waters and
territories
of the deltas in
east africa
Deltas are considered to be some of the world’s
most productive environments and are home to rich
biodiversity. They often fall victim to flooding, while their
natural resources have historically been exploited by
multiple users. However, the construction of large dams
upstream combined with intensive agriculture is changing
the functioning of these wetlands, with negative
consequences for local economies and increased tension
between communities.
> Well water analysis in the village of Ozi / Kenya
partner
kenya
Dorothy Wanja Nyingi
Coordinator of the KENWEB Young
Team Associated to IRD, Kenya.
“
The KENWEB1 research group was funded by IRD’s JEAI
(Young Teams Associated to IRD) programme. This team fills
a long-standing void between researchers and decision-makers
regarding the management of the Kenyan wetlands. The
fact that the team is comprised of a network of researchers
brought together through mutual trust and working together in the long term and not within the strict framework
of a specific project enables us to apply inventive research
methods and to devote time to mentoring students.”
1. Kenyan Wetland Biodiversity Research Group.
contact
Stéphanie Duvail – PALOC Joint Research Unit
(IRD-French national museum of natural history)
stephanie.duvail@ird.fr
Resources: Hydrological Sciences Journal, Water Alternatives
T
he Tana and Rufiji River deltas are unknown parts of the
East African coast and often presented as vacant areas to be
developed. Far from being underutilized lands, these are
on the contrary real “cultural landscapes”: a patchwork of forests
and flood plains shaped through centuries of intensive use for
the purposes of rice-growing, cattle breeding, fishing, gathering
and more according to the rhythms of the river floods. The deltas
are also home to great biological diversity and provide a unique
haven for several endemic species.
IRD researchers and their partners from the young KENWEB
team are working in an effort to better understand the functioning
of these ecosystems and the practices of the local communities
which rely on them. They have modelled the hydrological
functioning of these deltas, studied the availability of natural
resources and described the practices of local users. Their findings
show that the seasonal flooding patterns of the Tana and Rufiji
rivers play an important role in the lives of populations in the
East African deltas. In Kenya, decreased river flows and rainfall,
in addition to the pressure created by the hydroelectric and
industrial farming industries, compel populations to develop
survival strategies resulting in an excessive and conflictual
> Tana River Delta / Kenya
concentration of farmers, breeders and fishermen in the few
remaining production areas.
The combined French, Kenyan and Tanzanian research
team decided to implement a participative research approach
involving local populations in determining research goals,
throughout data collection and by jointly analysing the findings.
Hydro-climatic, halieutic, agricultural and food monitoring has
thus been carried out in close collaboration with the communities, which also created a map of the territory. This research
method in particular allows local knowledge sharing and fosters
discussions through results workshops organised on the ground.
The data collected has been provided to consultancies responsible
for measuring the impact of the dams upstream of the deltas,
in addition to Ministries, NGOs and local populations in order
to initiate a dialogue with these various players concerning the
future of the deltas.
This multidisciplinary collaboration has in particular influenced the classification of the Tana delta as a Ramsar site,
based on an international convention for the sustainable management of wetlands.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 37
excellence in research • understAnding tHe evolution of developing soCieties
international
disseminationof
knowledge:
challengesin
developing countries
In Mexico, the issues of student and professional mobility,
in addition to the outcomes of governmental and corporate
programmes aimed at fostering international exchanges,
are receiving growing interest from researchers. However,
the knowledge produced remains insufficient and we are
still largely unaware of the effects of this new mobility on
the scientific dynamics of the countries concerned.
partner
mexico
Sylvie Didou
Researcher at DIE/CINVESTAV,
OBSMAC programme coordinator.
“
The five-year collaboration between CINVESTAV
and IRD has encouraged discussions on subject areas
given little coverage in the educational research agenda
in Mexico: incoming and outgoing scientific mobility,
public training policies abroad, return migration, student
exchanges and academic cooperation. Two international conferences, held in 2009 and 2012, involved Latin
American and European partners in our discussions and
diversified networks, approaches and expertise.”
S
cience is becoming a world system; researchers and students no longer think twice about leaving their country of
origin. Several host programmes have been established to
attract qualified migrants. Thus, in 2009, nearly 196,000 students
from Latin America and the Caribbean studied abroad, primarily
in North America and Europe. However, the occurrence of these
exchanges remains relatively unknown. IRD researchers, in collaboration with a team from CINVESTAV1 and supported by IESALC/
UNESCO2, have implemented observation systems such as the
Mexican observatory on academic and scientific mobility, and the
international observatory on academic mobility between developing and developed countries, which analyse the development
and impact of the movement of people and knowledge between
developing and developed countries.
How are scientific methods transmitted from one community
to another? How does the migration of researchers and students
encourage the dissemination of knowledge, which knowledge in
particular, and why? How does imported knowledge change the
way of dealing with scientific problems? By studying the dissemination of knowledge based on historiographical and sociological approaches, in particular through the assessment of public policies,
IRD researchers and their partners in Mexico are trying to provide
answers to these questions. In particular, they are studying how
knowledge production sites such as laboratories and study areas
are changing through the movement of “bearers of knowledge”
such as students and researchers. Thus, this work enables a better
understanding of the development of the fields of research and
higher learning in the country.
The geographic mobility of researchers is no longer the only
method of knowledge dissemination. Knowledge is not only disseminated in physical space. The real world – that of offices and
laboratories – has expanded over the last ten to fifteen years to
include a virtual world: that of machine-based communication.
Thus, major international laboratories are able to bring together
researchers from a variety of countries around a single programme
and to start projects conducted remotely by teams that only meet
very rarely and for very short periods of time. The COSINUS3 project
endeavours to observe the virtual communities or collectives which
make up the researchers’ social and professional environment. It
focuses on the potential for international and interdisciplinary
collaboration specific to these structures. The research conducted
as part of this project will provide assistance to the development of
public policies intended to foster national cooperation, make heavy
equipment cost effective, boost a locally underdeveloped sector and
even enable the processing of large volumes of observational data.
1. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
2. Instituto Internacional de la UNESCO para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe.
3. International scientific cooperation in the South-North digital world.
training centres
for mexican researchers
during the 2000-2010 decade.
Cornu J.F. (IRD, UMR 207 BOREA)
Gérard E. (IRD, UMR 196, CEPED)
Source: SNI 2010
contacts
Étienne Gérard and Pascal Renaud
CEPED Joint Research Unit (Ined-IRD-Université Paris Descartes)
etienne.gerard@ird.fr / pascal.renaud@ird.fr
Resources: international knowledge dissemination conference
9-11 october 2012 – Mexico
number of doctorates
5,000
1,000
250
page 38
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
0
5,000
10,000 km
excellence in research • understAnding tHe evolution of developing soCieties
indigenous
peoples and
environmental
issues
The lives of indigenous peoples, traditional societies
and local communities are closely tied to the natural
environments on which they depend. The custodians of
biological and cultural diversity, they possess ancestral
knowledge and know-how which could provide invaluable
insight into global change. More often than not, however,
these peoples are threatened, deprived from free access to
their natural resources and politically marginalised.
partner
cameroon
Shey Wilfred Mbunda
I
ndigenous peoples, traditional societies and local communities account for more than 350 million people in over
70 countries in the world and represent about 5,000 languages
and cultures. The guardians of a unique spiritual, cultural and
biological heritage, they see themselves as an integral part of the
environment which they have exploited sustainably for thousands
of years. Thanks to the combined efforts of researchers and local
communities, UNESCO has recognised the vulnerability of these
peoples and established biosphere reserves1 in order to reconcile
the protection of natural and cultural diversity with economic and
social development. IRD ethnobiologists are aware of the importance of this naturalistic expertise and knowledge. They are working in close collaboration with these peoples, making them true
research partners. Their studies consist of viewing biodiversity and
major environmental challenges through the prism of a culture.
In particular, researchers have analysed ancient beekeeping
practices as part of the Sentimiel programme. Bees are pollinators which help maintain 65% of biodiversity. However, they are
disappearing under the combined effect of pollution, urban development, the industrial production of honey and climate change.
Researchers have studied the knowledge and expertise of honey
hunters in developing countries, their views on the changes underway and their adaptive strategies. As such, they have listed a great
variety of bee species and traditional harvesting methods, in addition to showing that honey hunters have very specific knowledge
on the behaviour of bees. By observing these true custodians of the
environment, forest peoples are informed of changes underway
and can adapt their practices to protect natural resources. Furthermore, this work has demonstrated the strong interaction between
humans and bees and the parallel between the disappearance of
these insects and that of ancestral beekeeping practices.
In order to increase public awareness of the considerable
cultural contribution made by these peoples in terms of sustainable development, IRD researchers and the International
Ethnobiology Society have organised a conference promoting
discussions between representatives of indigenous peoples from all
five continents, scientists, academics and the general public. This
exceptional forum provided an opportunity to prove the crucial
role played by cultural diversity in biological diversity.
Through an approach based on science, ethics and citizenship,
this work endeavours to better address the knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities in order to enrich the policies,
decisions and actions implemented to ensure an equitable and
sustainable future for generations to come.
1. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
Beekeeper of Mount Oku – Cameroon.
> Traditional honey harvesting / Kenya
“
The farmer in me was greatly honoured to be invited
by IRD to attend the Montpellier Conference and to
be able to contribute to the Sentimiel project. The goal
of supporting traditional honey production helps
protect the environment and support the local farming
economy. We have now begun to mobilise farmers and
to ensure their involvement in the ideals of the
Sentimiel project.”
contact
Edmond Dounias – CEFE Joint Research Unit
(CNRS, Montpellier Universities 1,2 and
3, Sup Agro, Cirad, IRD and Inra).
edmond.dounias@ird.fr
Resources: 13th conference of the international ethnobiology society Cultural and biological diversity 20-25 May 2012 - Montpellier
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 39
page 40
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Oasis of Tamerza / Tunisia
aird, an agency which
is becoming established
research projects
capacity-building
in developing countries
promoting the results
of research programmes
disseminating knowledge and
communicating information
42
44
46
48
50
the agence
inter-établissements
de recherche pour
le développement
AIRD, the agency for inter-institutional development research,
has been incorporated within IRD as a Senior Management
Team since 1st January 2011. At the crossroads between national
research and innovation strategy and French policy for assistance
in development, its purpose is to co-create a knowledge-based
society in developing countries.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 41
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • Aird, An AgenCy WHiCH is BeCoMing estABlisHed
aird, an agency
which is becoming
established
FOCUS
The Agency’s strategy is based on three pillars:
developing inter-institutional programmes;
supporting partnered teams in developing countries;
and working in such a way as to combine training,
research and innovation. The main beneficiaries of
these actions are the teams in developing countries
and ministerial supervisory bodies.
> Responsible for strategic guidance
and coordination
AIRD’s main goal is to mobilise research and higher learning institutions, in addition to all other relevant institutions,
regarding any development-related scientific issues and to coordinate discussions on these subjects. This mobilisation also
aims to harmonise positions, coordinate projects and ensure
the visibility and consistency of actions geared to research for
development, both in developed and developing countries. With
this in mind, the Agency has established strategic guidance and
coordination tools focusing on issues of development: the Coordination Committee (CoCoor) and the Advisory Board (COrA).
The CoCoor is made up of the founding members1 of AIRD
and enables the exchange of information regarding activities
and programmes focusing on research for development. Its
achievements in 2012 included the partnership charter for
research for development, the incubation and monitoring of
several major projects, the gradual opening of AIRD instruments
to the founding members and the contribution to the national
conference for higher learning and research (ES&R).
The COrA, a body for discussions and exchanges between
> Agroforest on Java island / Indonesia
> Work in partnership / South Africa
the partnership charter
The partnership charter for development research aims to
promote fair, balanced partnership relationships based on
reciprocal commitments with a view to reinforcing, through
research, training and innovation initiatives, public policies
that favour the development of developing countries. AIRD
members and Alliance members, in addition to partners
in developing or European countries, are authorised
to sign this charter.
contact
dgdagence@ird.fr
page 42
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
developed and developing countries focusing on the issues of
partnership and cooperation, has established three working
groups dealing respectively with the impact of research for
development, changes in partnership methods and innovation. These working groups were expanded to include Allenvi
– the national research alliance for the environment – and the
Institute for sustainable development and international
relations (IDDRI).
Furthermore, the members of COrA’s “collège Sud” paid
a contribution to the ES&R Conference and the Conference on
development and international solidarity.
> National partnerships
The agency has consolidated its corporate positioning
alongside the French National Research Agency (ANR) by implementing joint programmes where ANR funds teams in developed
countries and AIRD those in developing countries. The Agrobiosphere programme dedicated to an improved understanding of
the ecological functioning of productive systems is one example
1. Cirad, CNRS, CPU, Inserm, Institut Pasteur and IRD.
FOCUS
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • Aird, An AgenCy WHiCH is BeCoMing estABlisHed
diversify and organise the subregional strategy and policy regarding research for development, by encouraging its appropriation
by the private sector and more widely by civil society to meet
the expectations of the states and populations; and lastly, to
contribute to the establishment of a platform for discussions
between Ministries responsible for research and innovation in
the CEEAC member states.
The main areas concerned are forest monitoring and protection, agriculture and agroforestry, public health and the fight
against emerging diseases, industry, energy and transport, economic and social sciences, education and training.
Lastly, as part of the assistance provided to help rebuild a
higher learning and research system in Haiti, AIRD – in association with the Agence universitaire de la francophonie – was the
project manager for the PENDHA programme. Twelve digital
spaces for distance learning, material, educational content and
training for trainers were all provided to university websites
in Haiti.
> PENDHA digital workspace / Haiti
pendha: plan of digital distance
training in haiti
PENDHA is a joint project between the French Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, AIRD and the Agence universitaire de
la francophonie, established following the earthquake
which occurred in Haiti in 2010. It is intended to provide
considerable support to help rebuild the Haitian university
system through the deployment and coordination of
a network of 17 digital spaces, of which five are
dedicated to medicine and health sciences.
of this. AIRD has also approached ANR about becoming involved
in its programmes focused on the priority subject areas in developing countries: the sustainable territories of developing
countries, the sustainable management of soil and water, the
control of bio-energies in developing countries, ecotoxicology
in cities and outlying suburbs, and the establishment of centres
and networks to research and monitor emerging diseases in developing countries. Created in order to address these priorities,
the Transmed programme for cross-disciplinary research on the
Mediterranean region is currently being set up and involves AIRD
in capacity-building actions. Two other programmes are being
incubated, of which one concerns bio-energies.
In addition, a cooperation agreement with the French
Development Agency (AFD) was signed on 16 May 2012. It
focuses in particular on the definition, funding, coordination and
> Research on emerging diseases / Réunion
assessment of activities related to training, expertise, economic
development and the dissemination of knowledge. AFD was the
first partner to sign the partnership agreement.
2. Centre for management and strategic studies (CGEE) and National council for scientific and
technological development (CNPq).
3. Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic,
the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sao Tome and Principe and Chad.
.
> Signing of the CRIFDAC / Gabon
> Partnerships in developing countries
The unique nature of AIRD, a common portal for research
players in developing countries, enabled it to sign several international institutional agreements.
The scientific and technical cooperation with the Pan-African Agency of the Great Green Wall for the implementation of
a programme to fight desertification is one such an example.
This partnership was extended by a tripartite agreement which
also involved Brazil2.
Furthermore, an agreement creating the Consortium for
research, innovation and training for development in Central
Africa (CRIFDAC) was signed on 7 November 2012 between AIRD
and the Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)3
in order to bring consistency to existing research, training and
innovation programmes for development in Central Africa; to
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 43
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • reseArCH proJeCts
research
projects
FOCUS
One of the Agency’s missions is to help develop excellence
in research activities regarding the issues of developing
countries and aimed at developing the countries and
regions concerned. This is achieved through the co-creation
of research programmes based on the requirements of
developing countries and capacity-building, particularly
in terms of training, balanced partnerships and the joint
publication of research results.
programme to support networkbased research in africa
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa) is home to
more than 10% of the world’s population but to only
0.6% of the world’s researchers. Although some teams
are producing excellent results, they are also forced to
deal with several difficulties. With €1.9m in funding from
the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs over three years,
PARRAF will support networks aimed at the emergence of
major collective projects such as regional doctoral schools
and master’s degrees, the structuring of responses to
international calls for projects, the provision of collegial
expertise and efforts to implement transfer
and innovation systems.
contact
dpf@ird.fr
page 44
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Food security / Niger
> Programmes and project engineering
AIRD has undertaken to mobilise its founding members
through multiannual programmes based on the major and priority scientific fields outlined in the performance contract: climate
change and the environment; biodiversity; health; agriculture
and food safety; human and social sciences.
Most of these research programmes include a section for capacity-building, a section for promotion and a section for knowledge dissemination. They are financed by a seed fund from the
French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, which enables
external co-funding to be obtained from the French Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, private and public foundations, development
and research agencies, its founders, and more.
Thus, the Agency is endeavouring to set up and implement
research and capacity-building projects in order to foster the
coordination and pooling of instruments and platforms in developing countries. Throughout 2011 and 2012, 32 research
> Wind mills / New Caledonia
programmes conducted in partnership between developed and
developing countries were active in the areas of desertification,
animal, plant or microbial biodiversity, forest management,
the health of populations and poverty, urban ecotoxicology,
agronomy and food, water and soil management, energy, space
and computer sciences.
Several research programmes funded by the Priority
Solidarity Fund (FSP) of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
were completed in 2012. They represented average annual
outstandings of over !2.5 million. Other projects were also
completed, whether in collaboration with ANR or the founders
of AIRD, in particular in the field of health.
New projects have been launched, establishing the Agency
as a major player, particularly in Africa: that is the case of the
tripartite Africa-Brazil-France programme regarding the “Fight
against desertification” or the trilateral research programme
between Africa, Germany and France.
This international confirmation of AIRD’s role is coupled
with the strengthening of its national cooperation. In addition
to the consolidation of its partnerships with ANR and AFD, AIRD
was entrusted with the management of a new FSP for research
networks in Africa (PARRAF) by the French Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. Furthermore, it was especially active in the area of health
through discussions on research and monitoring centres (CRVs –
Centres de recherche et de veille) regarding emerging diseases in the
Indian Ocean, Asia and Guiana, as well as agronomy, with the
implementation of the Agroforestry programme.
> Coordination of and participation
in European programmes
The agency plays a major role in the coordination and
organisation of research programmes for national development
within a European context and in raising public awareness of
its importance within the European research area. It supports
research teams in their responses to calls for tender and is
involved in networks and structures of reflection which help
establish European research agendas.
As such, it provided considerable support to the preparation
and monitoring of projects designed in close collaboration with
developing countries, in particular as part of the 7th FPRD. The
Agency continued its work on the subject in three directions: monitoring the calls for tender of the FPRD and of the General Directorate for scientific and technological development, providing
advice and project engineering to researchers for the coordination
of and participation in consortiums, ensuring the engineering,
completion and administrative management of corporate projects.
AIRD is a stakeholder in 10 European projects, of which
6 involve coordination activities. These projects include the !10m
NOPOOR project on poverty, which allocates !8m to community
contribution and brings together a consortium of 19 European,
African, Latin American and Southeast Asian research organisations (17 countries).
FOCUS
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • reseArCH proJeCts
fighting poverty:
the nopoor project
NOPOOR is a European project coordinated by the
Development, Institutions and Globalisation laboratory
(DIAL - IRD Joint Research Unit / Université Paris
Dauphine), over a five-year period. By using a variety of
approaches (economics, sociology, political science, etc.)
and methodologies (surveys, econometric studies, case
studies, etc.), NOPOOR aims to identify the key mechanisms
which explain the persistence and exacerbation of poverty
in developing countries. The emphasis is placed on
relations with policy makers in these countries, in order to
provide them with tools to increase the effectiveness of
policies against poverty and help achieve the Millennium
Development Goals.
> Study of aquatic ecosystems / Morocco
> Precarious habitat / Vietnam
a new research and monitoring
centre in southeast asia
AIRD co-managed the organisation in Cambodia (early 2012)
of a scientific meeting in preparation of the implementation
of a research programme regarding infectious encephalitis
and a research and monitoring centre in Southeast Asia.
The work performed collectively resulted in the preparation
of a partnership research programme and the establishment
of a regional centre for the study of emerging pathogens
in Southeast Asia, which will be located within the
Institut Pasteur in Cambodia.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 45
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • CApACity-Building in developing Countries
capacity-building
in developing
countries
AIRD is implementing specific programmes aimed at
capacity-building for individuals, research teams and
partner institutions. These programmes are gradually
opening up to the agency’s founding members.
contact
sud.formation@ird.fr
> Supporting individual training
In order to support and prepare young researchers to integrate
the higher education and research system of a developing country
following their doctoral degree, AIRD has introduced research grants
in developing countries (ARTS - Allocations de recherche pour une thèse au
Sud). These grants apply to doctoral students working on a thesis as
part of a research collaboration between one team from a developing
country and another from a developed country. Thirty grants were
allocated in 2012, which brings their total number to 127.
In addition, Cirad has entrusted the Agency with the
management of its doctoral grants in developing countries.
A second call for tender launched by the Developing Country
Doctoral Student (DDS - Doctorant du Sud) programme enabled
15 new doctoral students to be selected, bringing the total number
of grant students to 25. Agreements have also been signed with
CNRS and the Mérieux Foundation to co-fund doctoral grants
in developing countries (respectively 2 and 4 grants per year).
> Hydrology field school / Cameroon
The scientific and technological exchange scholarships (BEST Bourses d’échange scientifique et technologique) are aimed at hosting
researchers, engineers and technicians from developing countries
in research or higher learning institutions. Thirty-five BEST
scholarships are underway, of which 18 were allocated in 2012.
> Supporting research teams
Support for emerging teams in developing countries is also
vital to increase the autonomy and international competitiveness
of our partners.
The Young AIRD Teams (JEAI - Jeunes équipes AIRD) Programme is
intended to promote the emergence or strengthening of research
teams in developing countries within the framework of scientific
partnerships with research units operating under the authority
of one or more AIRD members. There are currently 47 JEAI teams,
including 8 new teams selected in 2012.
In order to encourage or support the implementation of excellent scientific strategies, 7 new projects have been incorporated into
the Programme for Excellence in Education and Research in Developing Countries (PEERS - Programme d’excellence pour l’enseignement et
la recherche au Sud). This system is intended to support North/South
two-person teams comprised of experienced teacher-researchers
managing a research project which includes a significant training
component. Thirteen PEERS are currently underway.
> Supporting partners in the development of
their higher education and research system
page 46
The Actions thématiques structurantes (structural topic-based
actions) Programme supports scientific communities in developing countries in their search for internal development,
autonomy and international recognition, and in the development
of synergies and collaborative networks between developed and
developing countries, as well as between two or more developing
countries. It has enabled the co-funding of 17 collective projects
conducted in developing countries (creation of networks, training workshops, topic-based, doctoral or summer schools, etc.).
Furthermore, AIRD is coordinating at the European level
a programme for the management and promotion of research
results in the field of food safety in West Africa (GVal-Sécurité alimentaire). Training focused on the drafting of scientific projects,
aimed at Department Heads of Abdou Moumouni University in
Niamey, was provided within this framework.
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • CApACity-Building in developing Countries
Morocco
3 1
Mexico
2 Haiti
Senegal
1
Costa Rica
2
1
Ecuador
1
5
4
1
4
1
Venezuela
Côte d’Ivoire
1
10
2 2
1 9
1
3
1
4
1
2
Burkina Faso
2
3
3 4
6
1
1
3
4
1 Algeria
1
1
Mali
2
4
2
1
3
7
1
12
Cameroon
1
1
1
4
Thailand
1 Uganda
2
1
Laos
1
2 India
Niger
8
2 3 3
Benin
2 Egypt
2
1 1
Togo
1
1 Syria
1 Lebanon
8 Tunisia
5
Ghana
Colombia
1
Peru
1
Mauritania 1
Cuba
1
1
1
2
11
Vietnam
1
2 Kenya
1 Seychelles
Gabon
1 Comoros
1
Malaysia
1
1
Indonesia
Brazil
1
2
1 1
1
Mozambique
Bolivia
1
2
1
1
4
Madagascar
1
South Africa
Chile
1
1
Argentina
geographic
representation of
capacity-building
JeAi
peers
dds
Arts
Best
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 47
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • proMoting tHe results of reseArCH progrAMMes
promoting
theresultsof
research
programmes
The initial workshop was held on 20 September in N’Djamena
in the presence of the Commission’s Executive Secretary, the
Ambassador of France to Chad and the Chairman of IRD.
Fifteen institutional consultancies were provided at the
request of State administrations, public authorities and development agencies. They concern a wide variety of subjects, such as
the assessment of scientific work conducted by French research
organisations in the areas of climate change and biodiversity
in Latin America, the analysis of the health situation in Nimba
County (Liberia), and even a study of trees outside forests conducted
as part of the assessment of global forest resources by the Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
The findings of research focused on developing
countries, conducted in the political or socio-economic
fields, are promoted through expert assignments,
actions aimed at protecting intellectual property and
technology transfer, numerous collaborations with
industrial partners and support for business creation.
> Intellectual property and technology
FOCUS
transfer
the “valorisation Sud” theme-based
technology transfer consortium
(CVT)
“Valorisation Sud” is intended to boost the transfer of
knowledge and technologies adapted to tropical and
equatorial regions and to countries on their way to joining
the world economy. In close collaboration with technology
transfer acceleration companies, France Brevet, development
structures and the 5 other CVTs, some twenty agents will
offer customised services: assistance in intellectual
property management; creation of a patent portfolio with
a dissemination contract; technology marketing
and promotion; pre-industrial maturation, project
management, licensing agreements; and advice
for innovative business creation.
contact
dvs@ird.fr
page 48
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Forest resources in an urban environment / India
> Collegial expertise and consultancy
Collegial expertise consists of making the most recent scientific knowledge available to decision-makers and leaders in developing countries, in order to guide policy decisions and public
discussions regarding major contemporary development issues. It
is intended to provide – at the request of one or more sponsors – a
multidisciplinary scientific analysis regarding a specific subject.
The Agency has finalised and produced collegial expertise
before the Egyptian Court of Cassation concerning the right
to a trial within a reasonable time and the organisation of the
legal system. This work gave rise to specific technical recommendations. This twelfth collegial expertise was a first in terms of
region (Middle East), language, subject area and the pluralistic
composition of the college of experts (researchers and members
of the judiciary).
The year was also marked by the launch of a collegial expertise on the conservation of Lake Chad, sponsored by the Lake Chad
Basin Commission and the French Global Environment Facility.
The protection of results obtained in laboratories was ensured in 2012 through the submission of 13 new patent requests,
of which half include a developing country partner among the
joint owners. The amount of active patent families remains stable
at about one hundred. Only patents very likely to be of socio-economic benefit are kept, in order to reduce costs and maximise
the advantages for the Institute and its partners in developing
countries.
Several measures were taken to promote technologies during trade fairs and business meetings, such as Africatechno in
Burkina Faso.
> Employees of the Clerk’s Office of the Court of Cassation / Egypt
FOCUS
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • proMoting tHe results of reseArCH progrAMMes
Furthermore, Cirad, Institut Pasteur, IRD and the four overseas universities joined forces as part of the AIRD (inter-agency
body on research for development) to create a theme-based technology transfer consortium (CVT) “ Valorisation Sud” (Technology
transfer in developing countries) which was allocated Ð9 million
over 10 years as part of “Future investments”.
> Business creation
> Sandalwood cultivation / New Caledonia
serei no nengone
Jean Waikedre, a pharmaceutical engineer at the IRD centre
in Noumea, is one of the founders of the New Caledonian
company Serei No Nengone1 . The company, incubated by
IRD following the filing of the first co-ownership patent in
2008, uses a process which enables the production of several
tonnes of sandalwood oil, a highly coveted substance in the
formulation of famous fragrances. The company respects
local customary authorities by committing to a programme
aimed at ensuring the sustainability of the resource. Serei No
Nengone currently generates a turnover of nearly €2 million,
with twenty jobs filled through a true local insertion
programme aimed at young people.
The simplified mechanism used to obtain authorisation
to produce and market ready-to-use therapeutic foods (such as
Plumpy’nut®) was marked by the signature of three new usage
agreements, thereby increasing to nine the number of companies in developing countries which have signed this mechanism
placed online by IRD and Nutriset in October 2010.
The number of currently applicable licensing agreements is
increasing very slightly while the royalties generated experience
strong growth and now exceed Ð1.3 million, which is more than
twice the amount of the expenses related to the protection of
inventions.
Entrepreneurs from research laboratories in France and
developing countries are supported and assisted, in addition
to all project holders wishing to promote innovative technologies adapted and intended for developing countries in close
collaboration with public research. As such, 13 businesses have
been created worldwide. In order to encourage the creation
of innovative businesses, partnerships have been established
with other public institutions from developed and developing
countries.
From the beginning of 2012, the incubator INNODEV in
Dakar started to provide training sessions on the marketing
of innovative projects, a strategic approach to the market
and financing for businesses, for the first five project holders
selected.
The incubator Bond’Innov houses five start-ups, of which
three develop activities related to developing countries:
Selkis, which develops a natural mosquito repellent; Ecoclimasol,
which provides advice on climate risk management; and
Madamycel, which produces mushrooms of high nutritional
value in Madagascar. The third call for projects launched at
the end of the year made it possible to select four new projects.
Furthermore, an agreement was signed with the Agency
for the Economic Development of New Caledonia to create an
incubator in Anse Vata.
Lastly, the programme in support of innovative business
creation in the Mediterranean, PACEIM, continues its deployment with 60 assisted entrepreneurs. Launched in 2011, this
programme is intended to mobilise the expertise of scientific
and technical diasporas in France in order to contribute to the
economic development of countries in the Southern Mediterranean region and create highly skilled jobs.
> Industrial partnerships
Public/private partnerships with developing countries have
been established. More than 70 agreements have been signed
regarding projects with industrial partners, service provision,
agreements pertaining to the transfer of organic material,
in addition to confidentiality agreements, in the amount of
Ð2.7 million.
Among the main developments, it should be noted that
IRD and the Air Liquide Foundation won the second edition
Business Sponsorship Prize of the French Ministry of Ecology
and Sustainable Development for their joint project aimed at
measuring CO2 flow in the New Caledonian mangrove forest.
1. “Plant of Mare” in the language of Mare Island.
diagram shoWing the distribution
of the patent portfolio
neglected diseases
plant genetics - Agronomy
other diseases
Hiv
pollution Control - environment - Bioremediation
Measurement devices and other equipment
Aquaculture / fishing
nutrition / food
Cosmetics
5%
4%
24%
6%
7%
8%
9%
23%
14%
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 49
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • disseMinAting knoWledge And CoMMuniCAting inforMAtion
disseminating
knowledge and
communicating
information
The dissemination of knowledge and the release
of research results to various audiences are an important
part of the Institute’s activity.
diagram: geographical origin of people
checking the horizon database
Metropolitan france
other developed countries
Mediterranean (Algeria 8%, Morocco 4%, tunisia 4%)
West and Central Africa
(Cameroun 4%, Côte d’ivoire 4%, senegal 3%)
latin America and Caribbean
(ecuador 2%, Mexico 1%, Brazil 1%)
Asia
east Africa and indian ocean (Madagascar 1%)
pacific
5%
> Filming of a documentary on glaciers / Bolivia
3% 2%
26%
11%
16%
21%
17%
contact
dic@ird.fr
page 50
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Capitalising on knowledge
> Disseminating knowledge
In order to foster the capitalisation of knowledge acquired
through research, several tools have been developed.
The Horizon database provides researchers’ publications
online as open access documents. With 3,000 new publications,
the creation of a more modern portal and continued implementation of a digitalization policy (56,000 digital documents out
of 86,000 referenced publications), Horizon has experienced
strong growth: more than 12,000 open-access PDF documents
are downloaded every day, with 52% of the documents viewed
in developing countries.
The SPHAERA cartographic database is comprised of more
than 18,000 references and helps disseminate news of the Institute’s achievements in terms of geographical information.
The Indigo photo library has exceeded the mark of
50,000 photographs, with the incorporation of over 3,000 new photos. It is one of the most extensive scientific photo libraries in France.
The production of publications, atlases and films helps promote
research results and share knowledge.
As such, twenty-one titles were published or co-published,
including L’Eau au cœur de la science (Water at the heart of science),
published for the World Water Forum; Hommes et natures (Mankind
and Nature), published in partnership with the International Society
of Ethnobiology for the International Congress of Ethnobiology; La
Grande Muraille Verte (The Great Green Wall, volume 2), of which the
CD version was distributed to partners at the Rio + 20 summit; and
even Guyane océane (Guiana ocean). The work Maurice, de l’île sucrière à
l’île des savoirs (Mauritius, from sugar island to knowledge island), copublished with the AUF and Le Printemps publishers, was awarded
the prize for best French-language book on economics.
Fourteen documentaries were produced or co-produced, including the series Les derniers glaciers (the last glaciers) and the documentary Un nuage sur le toit du monde (A cloud on the roof of the
the agence inter-établissements de recherche pour le développement • disseMinAting knoWledge And CoMMuniCAting inforMAtion
> Strengthening ties between science
FOCUS
and society
new caledonia atlas
> Fête de la science / Marseille
Created at the initiative of the Congress of New Caledonia,
this reference work presents an original vision of this
French overseas community (collectivité d’outre-mer)
in the South Pacific, located more than 16,500 km from
France. Sixty cartographic plates, each accompanied
by instructions illustrated with charts, tables and
photographs, describe the regional context of New
Caledonia, the natural environments, their protection and
development, the peoples and their history, the economy
and human living. Thus, this atlas provides a wealth
of information accessible to schoolchildren, students,
decision-makers and curious readers.
tropical diseases and the fourth AMMA International Conference
on the African monsoon.
world) which was awarded the Pierre Gilles de Gennes prize at the
Pariscience festival in 2012. IRD participated in 70 national and
international festivals and 10 documentaries were awarded prizes.
A highlight in cartographic product publishing was the publication of the New Caledonia Atlas (l’Atlas de Nouvelle-Calédonie), the
creation of a digital world map with gravity anomalies (carte numérique mondiale des anomalies gravimétriques) and the development of
the Cairo Atlas (l’Atlas du Caire).
Several training sessions also concerned the fields of geography
and geomatics, bringing together 80 students from developing
countries.
Sixty-seven seminars have been supported over the year, such
as the E-SOVE International Conference dedicated to vector-borne
> Enhancing the Institute’s reputation
The Institute’s visibility will guarantee its national and international recognition. As such, IRD has enjoyed good media
coverage with 1,860 articles, including 27 in Le Monde, 35 broadcasts on RFI and 19 on France Culture. One hundred and fifty-one
press releases were distributed.
Scientific news sheets provide the latest research results.
Intended for the media, decision-makers and IRD partners,
28 sheets were distributed and generated 135 articles in the media.
On the other hand, the newspaper Sciences au Sud, circulated
in 75,000 copies across 117 countries, continues its efforts to offer
its columns to partners.
Visits to the Institute’s website increased by 4.2% with nearly
5.7 million visitors and more than 23 million page views. Twelve
new representative websites and the AIRD website were placed
online. They enjoy very good visibility in developing countries and,
despite the digital bill, internet users from French-speaking Africa
are among the most loyal visitors of the corporate website. IRD is
also present on social networks: the number of Facebook followers
tripled in one year, and Twitter followers multiplied by 2.8.
Furthermore, the intranet recorded nearly 200,000 visits
in 2012
A great variety of activities were deployed in France and developing countries.
Twenty-five travelling exhibitions were presented in 2012
across 113 sites, including 5 new exhibitions: Le Banc d’Arguin, la
recherche au service d’un patrimoine d’exception (The Banc d’Arguin,
research at the service of an exceptional heritage); L’Autre métissage
(A different melting pot); Les territoires de l’eau (The water territories)
and De l’eau pour tous, les chercheurs se mobilisent (Water for everyone,
researchers join forces). At the World Water Forum, the exhibition
on irrigation in the Mediterranean (co-produced with the Bouchesdu-Rhône district library) was presented in Marseille for 6 months
and in some ten sites in Morocco. On the square in front of SaintCharles station, a large-format photo exhibition offered wide coverage on scientific water-related challenges in developing countries.
Researchers participated in 360 events aimed at the general
public worldwide, including 67% outside continental France. Some
of these events enjoyed great popular success, such as La science au
carré(e) at the Forum des Halles, which attracted 12,000 visitors,
and the great maritime festival Les Tonnerres de Brest, which
received 100,000 visitors.
Several actions were implemented for young people:
approved as part of the Marseille European Capital of Culture
2013 programme, the Parcours migratoires (Migration patterns)
system brought together 500 secondary school pupils from
the PACA region, in Morocco and in Tunisia. Furthermore, the
project En direct des zones humides (Live from the wetlands) brought
together some ten young clubs in the PACA region and LanguedocRoussillon, Guiana, Bolivia, Burkina Faso and Cameroon. Lastly,
several conferences were organised in educational institutions.
> “L’eau au cœur de la science”
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 51
page 52
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Alis, the IRD’s ocean station vessel
human
resources
gender equality
platforms open
to our partners
financial
resources
54
56
57
58
resources
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 53
resources • HuMAn resourCes
human
resources
The Institute’s Human Resources policy is
broken down according to several priorities: the
development of skills, the administrative and
social support of all agents regardless
of their status or geographical location and
the corresponding labour law.
> Mounting
of atmospheric
sensors, PIRATA
campaign
floW of missions
in number of days
north/north: 30,702
(19.8%)
south/north:
25,844
north/south:
41,087
(16.7%)
I
RD employs 2,346 agents of all categories, including 842 researchers, 973 engineers and technicians (IT) and 530 staff
members recruited in developing countries (331 permanent
and 199 temporary members), regardless of the source of their
funding (state subsidy or research contract) .1
> Strong representation in developing
countries
The Institute has 1,014 agents working in developing
countries: 266 researchers, 218 engineers and technicians,
331 permanent staff members recruited locally and 199 temporary
staff members, i.e. 43% of its workforce.
The 632 agents working in research units in developing
countries can rely on an administrative, logistical and technical
network of 27 representations, which employ 306 agents locally.
This permanent network is an anchor point to promote and facilitate French and European research in developing countries.
In addition to appointments, agents carrying out assignments
in developing countries and researchers at partner institutions also
receive funding. 53,335 days of international assignments have
thus been carried out in developing countries – from developed
countries (41,087 days) and developing countries (12,248 days)
alike – i.e. more than 135 full-time equivalents. 81% of IRD travel
days involve a developing country.
Furthermore, as part of the performance contract, discussions were initiated concerning future industries in developing
countries (research units and representations) through forwardlooking human resources management (GPRH - Gestion prévisionnelle
des ressources humaines), taking into account the requirements of
academic and corporate partners in developed and developing
countries. The idea is to coordinate a space for shared reflection
in order to rethink working methods in developing countries, for
developing countries and with developing countries, through its
duties as a unifying agency and operator.
(26.6%)
> Research: the Institute’s core business
south/south: 57,135
(36.9%)
1
Figures as on 31/12/12
page 54
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
IRD continues to invest in its core business and maintained
its scientific programme in 2012. Eighteen new researchers have
been recruited through competitive examinations. These young researchers will acquire experience in the field, in developing
countries, during the two years following their recruitment. Six
post-doctoral candidates positioned in developing countries have
completed this programme.
Nine engineers and technicians were recruited within the units
and 31 new International Administrative Volunteers have joined
them.
Thus, 1,579 agents are working for research in units, counting
for 67% of the entire IRD population.
> The strengthening and increased
professionalism of Human Resources
New tools have been implemented in order to support representations and research units in the management of their teams.
The system for controlling employment and the payroll has been
entirely revamped. A shared, collaborative working space between
representations, Human Resources Management and the Accounting Agency was opened to enable the improved monitoring of
each country’s agents. Best practice guides (management of locally
recruited staff, expatriate guide) have been produced or updated.
Each structure now has a single contact person to manage
the individual situations of all its agents.
> IRD – invested in its agents
As part of continuous training, 37,026 hours of training were
organised for 1,352 trainees. In particular, specific training sessions
were set up: management training, orientation seminars for new
representatives and newcomers, and researcher support training.
Furthermore, following the findings of the diagnosis on psychosocial risks performed in 2011, the IRD social policy was strengthened with the 2013 programme to establish an observatory for these
risks, the renewal of the social barometer, the establishment of the
handicap agreement and the identification of reference points,
support for agents through pre- and post-expatriation interviews,
and the implementation of repatriation insurance.
Lastly, a social dialogue agenda was put forward to labour organisations and the network of official bodies most involved with the
agents was developed: apart from the “Public institution technical
committee” and “Special technical committees” in metropolitan
France and the overseas departments, 23 representation advisory
boards were created or are in the process of being created.
resources • HuMAn resourCes
the staff
distribution of staff by geographical area
Metropolitan france
Western and Central Africa
latin America and Caribbean
Asia
pacific
Mediterranean
east Africa and indian ocean
europe-north America
Contractual workers
governed by French
public law
Tenured and hosted
in % number of agents
2.8%
3.2% (65)
0.1%
(75)
(3)
5.5%
Contractual workers
governed by local law
Total
Researchers
788
54
-
842
Engineers and Technicians
725
249
530
1,504
1,513
303
530
2,346
Total
Figures as on 31/12/12
(130)
distribution of staff by scientific department and geographical
area scientific departments
7.5%
(175)
7.5%
Scientific Metropolitan Western and Central
departments
France
Africa
TOTAL
(175)
2,346
56.7%
(1 330)
16.7%
(393)
Latin America
and Caribbean
Asia
Pacific
Mediterranean
East Africa and
Indian Ocean
Europe - North
America
Total
Environment
and resources
607
92
71
44
72
42
28
1
957
Health
147
130
16
92
3
-
1
1
390
Communities
153
33
18
7
2
12
7
-
232
Total
907
255
105
143
77
54
36
2
1,579
Figures as on 31/12/12
Figures as on 31/12/12
distribution of staff by theme
Researchers
Engineers and
Technicians
Locally recruited
permanent
staff
Environment and Resources
483
370
69
35
957
Health
122
102
32
134
390
Societies
Themes
pyramid of ages
(excl. locally recruited temporary staff)
Age
122
226
72
[55-60]
212
55
1,213
100
Male staff
Figures as on 31/12/12
[20-25] 22
50
0
232
-
14
Southern Promotion
2
15
-
-
17
Southern Scientific Information & Culture
3
66
4
-
73
Geostrategy, Partnership
20
31
184
17
252
Scientific coordination
17
15
-
-
32
Scientific assessment, ethics
1
5
-
-
6
Continuous training
-
4
-
-
4
AIRD Agency Coordination
3
11
-
-
14
Seagoing resources
-
1
-
-
1
Social action
-
3
-
-
3
TOTAL FEMALE
934
1 [0-20] 0
150
11
-
81
[25-30]
10
4
11
112
[30-35]
TOTAL MALE
40
3
165
[35-40]
82
177
148
[40-45]
156
200
154
[45-50]
163
0
50
100
150
Total
Southern Research and Training Scheduling
138
[50-55]
186
250
42
[60 et +]
Locally
recruited
temporary staff
Information systems
Territorial services
200
Central services
Female staff
Total
-
33
12
-
45
10
113
23
2
148
1
154
3
-
158
842
974
331
199
2,346
Figures as on 31/12/12
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 55
resources • tHe inforMAtion systeM -gender equAlity
genderequality
Support has also been given to GIS GOPS, on the NumériSud
digital campus, and—in the context of the SPIRALES call for projects—to 13 units within the computing components of scientific
projects being led in the South.
Professional equality is an important issue for
the institution, in particular in terms of partnerships with
developing countries. It is part of a national policy where
the public sector has a duty to set an example.
> Simplify the Coordination and
> A first statistical overview of the role
Administrative Management of the Institute
of women at IRD
The Institute is in line with the average for other public
scientific and technological establishments, both in terms
of workforce and the positions filled by women. We can see a
slight increase in the female workforce over the last 5 years,
especially where researchers are concerned. Women are
younger and make up the majority of the workforce in the
lower ranks. They are still underrepresented in positions of
responsibility or higher ranks. We can also see that fewer
women are elected than those nominated in management
bodies and there is a 13.3% pay gap between men and women.
This first series of indicators will help analyse the development
of the role of women in IRD over the coming years.
> Facilitating long-term assignments
and expatriation
Only a third of women work abroad or on long-term
assignments. Together, the gender equality section and the
IRD social development department have led discussions to
implement a support programme for parents by taking care of
their children while they are away on long-term assignments.
IRD social advisers will be involved in this new support programme from 2013.
> Awareness raising among the various
authorities of the institution and staff
members The film “L’une est l’autre” was produced in order to serve
as a communication medium. It is intended to provoke discussions on the role of women working in a research organisation
and the issues of gender equality throughout the working life
(training, finding employment, balancing working and private
life, career, professional ambition, etc.).
page 56
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Plankton study, Bay of Bizerte / Tunisia
theinformation
system
The 2011-2015 blueprint for the information system
and telecommunications has been revised to take into
account the Institute’s budgetary restrictions. It has
been 28% completed.
> Facilitate the Deployment of Scientific
Platforms in the South
A consortium of African, English, and Finnish organisations1,
RENATER2, Cirad, and IRD have contributed to the preparation
of a second section of the AFRICACONNECT project within the
European Commission. This will make it possible to facilitate the
deployment of computer networks for National Research and
Education Networks (NRENs)3 in West and Central Africa. This
consortium has also submitted a support project for WACREN,
an African organisation responsible for encouraging the interconnection of these networks.
In conjunction with RENATER and Cirad, some recommendations have been transmitted to the Cameroonian and Malagasy
governments to facilitate their NREN network project.
Also, expert services have been offered to the ESPACE-DEV
unit to qualify the IT infrastructure of its forestry partners in
Central Africa, in order to deploy remote sensing platforms.
IRD has continued its contributions to the inter-establishment project4 aiming to standardise administrative management
policies and the tools for joint units. A pilot programme has been
conducted by two of the Institute’s units.
In the interest of administrative simplification, the financial
information system has been deployed in all units to support the
decentralisation of purchases, and new tools have been implemented to facilitate the coordination of payroll and employment.
> Facilitate Exchanges
The operator Orange Business Services has been chosen to
supply the international telecommunications links with a progressive deployment in the first half of 2013.
The Montpellier IT platform servers have been replaced
and the Bondy centre has received an IP5 automatic telephone
exchange system offering additional features and enabling exchanges with Montpellier through the IT network. A joint solution with CNRS was selected to meet the needs for collaborative
exchanges.
Twelve new representation websites and ten unit sites have
been put into service.
> Reduce Costs
Finally, wide-ranging technical rationalisation actions, the
revision of certain levels of service, and the implementation of
a quality strategy have made it possible, in a restricted environment, to reduce recurring costs by 15% in two years.
1. West And Central African Research and Education Network (WACREN) – Association des universités africaines
(Association of African Universities, AUA) – Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe (DANTE – Cambridge) –
University of Oulu (UoO – Finland).
2. REseau NAtional de Télécommunications pour la technologie, l’Enseignement et la Recherche (National
telecommunications network for Technology, Education and Research).
3. National Research and Education Network.
4. AMUE-CPU-CNRS-Inserm.
5. Internet Protocol.
platformsopen
toourpartners
FOCUS
The IRD is committed to a resource pooling
strategy which gives the scientific community
access to the tools that are essential to its work,
not only in mainland France, but also in its
overseas territories and abroad.
a better understanding
of water catchment areas
The integrated approaches to experimental water catchment
areas combining hydrologic and biohydrogeochemical
research bring together many worldwide multi-disciplinary
teams. Assembling several French, Cameroonian and Indian
partners, the Système d’observation des bassin versants
expérimentaux tropicaux (SO BVET) (Tropical Experimental
Water Catchment Area Observation System) aims to study
the impact climatic changes and agricultural practices have
on hydrosystems. It carries out long-term meteorological,
hydrologic, hydrogeological, geochemical and agronomic
monitoring on small forest and cultivated experimental
catchment areas. These analyses are completed in larger
rivers like the Nyong river in Cameroon and the Kabini river
in South India. These research activities are supported by
analytical platforms: the Laboratoire d’analyse géochimique
des eaux (LAGE) (Water Geochemical Analysis Laboratory) in
Cameroon and the Cellule franco-indienne de recherche en
sciences de l’eau (LMI CEFIRSE) (Franco-Indian Water Science
Research Unit) which also combines a digital modelling
platform. These mechanisms provide the observation system
databases with vital information, accessible to Southern
scientists, while enabling ecosystem functioning scenarios
to be established.
The institute therefore invests in numerous observatories,
platforms and equipment to ensure that available knowledge
is passed on to as many people as possible. It supports several
technological platforms enabling cutting-edge research to be
conducted. ALYSES in Bondy, for instance, is dedicated to tropical
sediment and soil research while CapMédiTrop in Montpellier
focuses on the genetic analysis of cultivated tropical plants.
The medical research laboratories, on HIV in Thailand and
Cameroon, on emerging infectious diseases in Gabon and on
Malaria in Benin, help overcome the public health challenges
faced in Southern countries. The CRVOI (research centre for
Indian Ocean emerging diseases) and the CNEV (national centre
for vector expertise) are also part of this operation against
infectious diseases.
Vast resources have also been dedicated to ecosystem
observation and research. The satellite dish networks (SEAS)
are growing in the Indian Ocean, Guiana, Haiti and Central
Africa. In a context of global change, the environmental
research observatories are enabling long-term observations and
monitoring. Over the years, they have become vital tools for
ensuring the controlled management of resources. The overseas
centres also possess remarkable plant biology collections with
herbaria from Noumea and Cayenne. The ocean station vessels
Alis et Antea also cruise the Pacific and tropical Atlantic, enabling
scientists to carry out partnership oceanographic campaigns.
> Field survey, Niakhar / Senegal
FOCUS
resources • plAtforMs open to our pArtners
niakhar: a multi-disciplinary
observatory
Since the 1960s, the need for intricate knowledge of
African population dynamics has led researchers, and
particularly demographers, to develop observation
systems which enable them to monitor populations
over several decades. Today, the population registration
systems are still experiencing implementation difficulties
and the censuses are complex and costly. In this context,
49 demographic monitoring systems have been
implemented worldwide, nearly three quarters of which
in Africa. They are assembled in an international network
called the INDEPTH network. The Niakhar site in Senegal
was set up in 1962, making it one of the oldest health and
demographic surveillance systems in Africa. This multidisciplinary research platform is well-recognised in the
fields of health, social dynamics and the environment. It
is located in the centre of a surveillance zone of around
44,000 inhabitants spread across a 230 km² area in the
region of Sine Saloum, 155 km from Dakar. Surveys have
been carried out on thirty villages every three months
since 1997. This observatory provides quality information
on demographic, health, social and environmental
changes that is useful to political decision-makers and
development players. It enables interventions aimed
at improving people’s living conditions to be monitored
and evaluated, and is used to develop innovative
research methodologies. The research conducted on
the populations in Niakhar, Mlomp and Bandafassi,
has allowed the IRD to show the catastrophic impact
the emergence of resistance to chloroquine has had on
malaria mortality rates in Africa. More recently, the results
obtained on a seasonal malaria prevention treatment
led the WHO to make international recommendations to
introduce this new strategy in the prevention policies of
the National Malaria Control Programme in Senegal.
contact
dgdscience@ird.fr
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 57
resources • finAnCiAl resourCes
financial
resources
IRD’s budgetary strategy is structured around
3 objectives within the context of the recovery
of public finances:
• consolidating the scientific excellence of research
teams within a strengthened collaborative
framework with our developing country partners;
• supporting the rise of the Agency by bringing
together corporate and financial partners from
developed and developing countries;
• continuing the modernisation efforts made by the
support system.
> The vessel Antea after renovation
> Key figures
The Institute’s net income amounts to !227.136m for !236.502m
of expenditure. The funds received correspond to a !200.866m state
subsidy (i.e. 88.4% of the total income, compared to 86.6% in 2011),
research contracts (!22.482m, i.e. 9.9%), research products, services
provided and other products (!3.788m, i.e. 1.7%). The payroll represents !168.788m, or 71.4% of expenses (+0.98% compared to 2011). In
total, the expenditure of research units had increased by more than
!3m compared to the previous financial year, and their budget has
mobilised 63.1% of the Institute’s financial resources.
> Increased financial resources in favour of tools
supporting the establishment of research in
developing countries
Maintaining excellence in partnership-based research entails
sustained and continuous investment in collaborative technical
platforms meeting the highest standards. In this regard, efforts
to fund major projects between partners should be emphasised,
in particular in mainland France, following the example of EquipEx GEOSUD in terms of remote sensing. Thus, the investment
budgeting/accomplishment rate increased by 65.3% compared
to 2011. Internationally, the LMI/UMIs and PPRs have received
special support. Their funding – through “incentive credits” or
“finalised actions” – increased by 25% (respectively from !3.2m
to !4m between 2011 and 2012).
> The continued deployment of activities linked
to AIRD
There has been increased interaction between the Agency
and the operator with nearly !1m in commitments to support
the deployment of the SYSTERRA and SICMED programmes, in
addition to the French-Egyptian IRD-STDF programme1.
The Agency’s level of financial commitment has increased by
80% between 2011 (!25m) and 2012 (!45m), with an increase of
nearly 7% in IRD’s financial contributions (from !13.9m to !15,),
due mainly to the strong rise in revenue generated through innovation (+ !3.1m, i.e. a 60% rise thanks to the launch of the “Valorisation Sud” CVT and higher patent royalties: + !500K).
Several projects aimed at a pooled foreign network are also
underway.
1. Science and Technology Development Fund.
page 58
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
the ird’s resources
government subsidies
research agreements
value-added products
other subsidies and incomes
88.4%
(€200.87m)
0.6%
TOTAL (in eM)
(€1.35m)
1.1%
(€2.44m)
227.14
9.9%
(€22.48m)
origins of the allocated resources,
including research agreements
european funds
Agence nationale de la recherche (Anr)
french Ministries
local governments
french public establishments
other french public organisations
french private partners
other foreign public partners
foreign private partners (including international organisations)
6.82%
15.88%
(€1.61m)
(€3.74m)
12.29%
(€2.89m)
TOTAL (in eM)
10.81%
(€2.55m)
23.56
20.07%
(€4.73m)
13.61%
(€3.21m)
5.44%
(€1.28m)
12.31%
2.78%
(€0.65m)
(€2.90m)
resources • finAnCiAl resourCes
expenses of the units (in €m)
Staff expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Environment and Resources Department
79.41
16.28
95.69
Health Department
22.05
5.60
27.65
Research department
Societies Department
22.62
3.37
25.99
Total
124.08
25.25
149.33
Staff expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Research program
> The launch of an initiative to optimise the
support system
In order to continue the Institute’s modernisation and
administration activities, several leading initiatives (of which
some are provided for in the performance contract) have been
launched.
The 2012-2015 multiannual real estate strategic plan has
thus been adopted, giving priority to reducing the number of
sites posing significant risks in terms of the safety of people and
property, in addition to the launch of energy audits. A first “purchasing” action plan has also been prepared and implemented.
Lastly, a diagnosis of the support functions and management
processes was carried out and will lead in 2013 to the preparation
and implementation of a multiannual strategy for the optimisation of these functions.
6.16
0.78
6.94
22.03
3.70
25.73
Continental and coastal waters
23.51
4.93
28.44
Food security in the South
22.78
5.21
27.99
Health security and health policy
22.05
5.60
27.65
Development and globalisation
27.54
5.03
32.57
Total
124.08
25.25
149.33
Staff expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Southern research and training programme
0.76
4.08
4.84
geographical breakdoWn of expenses
Southern Promotion
0.77
1.22
1.99
in €M
Information and Scientific Culture for the South
4.65
1.81
6.46
Geostrategy & Partnership
10.74
3.56
14.30
Climate and natural risks
Sustainable management of Southern ecosystems
expenditure on cross-cutting activities (in €m)
Scientific coordination
2.76
1.68
4.43
Scientific assessment, ethics
0.31
0.49
0.80
Continuous training
0.21
1.23
1.44
AIRD Agency
0.75
0.90
1.65
FI/IP naval resources
0.11
3.83
3.95
Large-scale scientific facilities
Total
Metropolitan
france
Africa and
indian ocean
overseas
territories
145.41
32.42
22.19
16.26
latin America
Asia
-
0.36
0.36
Mediterranean
21.06
19.16
40.22
other
countries
11.67
7.76
0.79
1.16%
(€2.75m)
support function expenditure (in €m)
Staff expenses
Operations and
investment
Grand total
by destination
Social action
0.20
1.49
1.69
Information system
8.23
3.11
5.11
Maintenance
-
0.11
0.11
Heavy work
-
1.47
1.48
Construction work
-
0.04
0.04
Territorial services
9.40
5.46
14.80
Central services
10.93
6.10
17.04
Financial operations
-
0.88
0.88
Other general expenses
-
3.43
3.43
Total
23.64
24.09
47.70
Grand total 2012
168.78
68.50
237.25
the ird’s total
expenses by type
27.47%
(€64.96m)
staff
unscheduled
operations
and investments
scheduled investments
TOTAL (in eM)
236.50
71.37%
(€168.79m)
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 59
page 60
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
> Gorgonians, PRISTINE mission / New Caledonia
the ird’s institutions
central services:
our gallery
ird addresses
world-wide
the research units
62
63
64
66
appendices
The IRD’s assessment bodies and the Scientific Council have been
renewed and become more widely open to people from the South
and women.
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 61
appendices • tHe ird’s institutions
theird’sinstitutions
board of directors
Qualified personnel outside
the IRD
Pascal Saffache
Chairman
Michel Laurent
Representatives from the line
ministries
> Ministry of Research
Didier Hoffschir
Head of the Bio-resources, ecology and Agronomy
sector at the general directorate of research and
innovation of the Ministry of Higher education
and research.
Christiane Kériel
departmental Advisor, general directorate of
Higher education.
> Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs
Hélène Duchène
director of scientific and university Cooperation
at the directorate general of development
international Cooperation.
> Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Cooperation
Nathalie Broadhurst
Assistant director of scientific exchanges and
research at the directorate of Mobility and
Attractiveness policies.
> Ministry of the Budget, Public Accounts
and Civil Service
François Pouget
Head of the office for research and Higher
education, directorate of the Budget.
> Ministry of Overseas France
Philippe Leraitre
deputy to the Assistant director of the public
policies department at the general delegation
for overseas france.
president of université des Antilles et de la
guyane.
Alain Fuchs
Jean-Louis Janeau
Jean-Michel Servet
Didier Orange
streM-sgen-Cfdt, representing the it staff,
first Class design engineer, uMr BioeMCo.
development economics - university professor.
Hydrology and geochemistry - ird research
Associate.
scientific council
Jacqueline Signorini
information sciences - university professor.
Laurence Tubiana
economic sciences - research director.
president of the Cnrs.
Danièle Werck-Reichhart
Jean-François Delfraissy
plant Metabolism - research director.
director of the inserM’s Multi-organisation
thematic institute - Microbiology and infectious
diseases.
Gérard Matheron
Chair of the Cirad’s Board of directors.
Frédérique Vidal
president of université de nice-sophia Antipolis.
Rahma Bourqia
Chairman
Gilles Pison
demography - university professor
Vice-Chairman
Hervé de Tricornot
economy and Mathematics - ird research
director.
Jakob Zinsstag veterinary epidemiology - university professor.
Elected members
> College I - IRD Research Directors
Michel Agier
Anthropology and ethnobiology - ird research
director.
Philippe Cury
sociologist, Anthropologist, former president
of université Hassan ii-Mohammedia, Morocco.
Appointed members
Achille Massougbodji
information sciences - university professor.
Hervé De Tricornot (Vice-Chairman)
Ndeye Arame Boye Faye
economy and Mathematics - ird research
director.
doctor, professor at the faculté des sciences
de la santé of Cotonou, Benin.
Rémi Genevey
director of strategy at the Afd.
The Institute’s staff representatives
Didier Bogusz
streM-sgen-Cfdt, representing the research
staff, first Class research director, uMr diAde.
Jean-Claude Louizy-Gabriel
Driss Aboutajdine
Atomic physics - university professor.
Pascale Delécluse
physical oceanography and Climate - research
director.
Jean-Louis Deneubourg Marine ecology - ird research director.
Alain Ghesquière
plant genetics - ird research director.
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
ecology and Hydrobiology - ird research engineer.
Pierre Lebellegard
Computing - ird research director.
Marie-Lise Sabrié Communication and Culture - ird research
engineer.
css (sectoral
scientific
commissions)
cgra (research
and applications
management
commissions)
Marie-Pierre Ledru
palynology - ird research director.
social ecology - university professor.
Pierre Soler
Marc Dufumier
geochemistry and petrology - ird research
director.
> CSS1: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s
Environment.
Nicolas Arnaud
Comparative Agriculture - emeritus professor.
snprees-fo, representing the it staff,
engineering Assistant.
Anna-Bella Failloux
Medical entomology - research director.
> College II - IRD Research Associates
Vincent Chaplot
> CSS2: Biological and Medical Sciences.
Claudio Lazzari
Éric Delacour
Jeanne Garric
pedology - ird research Associate.
sntrs-Cgt-ird, representing the it staff,
second Class design engineer.
Aquatic ecotoxicology - research director.
Olivier Dangles
Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
ecology - ird research Associate.
> CSS3: Science of Ecological Systems.
Jean-François Agnese
Alain Froment
Medicine and parasitology - research director.
snCs-fsu, representing the research staff,
first Class research director, uMr pAloC.
Karine Delaunay
Gilles Pison (President)
demography - university professor.
History and Anthropology - ird research
Associate.
Nolwen Henaff
Madeleine Félicité Rejo-Fienena
Olivier Evrard Biodiversity and environment - university
professor.
Marthe Dorothée Missé
streM-sgen-Cfdt, representing the research
staff, first Class research Associate, uMr diAde.
ethnology - ird research Associate.
virology - ird research Associate.
page 62
> College III - IRD Engineers and Technicians
Odile Fossati > CSS4: Human and Social Sciences.
Mireille Razafindrakoto Volahanta
> CGRA1: Engineering and Expertise.
Michel Petit
> CGRA2: Administration and Management.
Isabelle Henry
appendices • CentrAl serviCes: our gAllery
central services:
our gallery
at 1st may 2013
Michel Laurent
Chairman
Luc Mesquida
Ariel Crozon
Accounting office
Anne Coudrain
Scientific evaluation
department
Cabinet
Jean-Marc Hougard
Bernard Dreyfus
Geostrategy
and partnership
department
Robert Arfi
Environment and
Resource departments
Hervé Tissot-Dupont
Health
department
Jean-Yves Villard
Michel Bouvet
Science division
Resources divisions
AIRD division
Laurent Vidal
Anne-Marie Tièges
Societies
department
René Bally
Management
of research and
training programmes
in the South
Human resources
Marie-Noëlle Favier
Information
and scientific culture
for the South
Gilles Bernard
Finance
Patricia Bursachi
General operations
management
Pierre Bos
Legal affairs
Gilles Poncet
Information
systems
Stéphane Raud
Expertise
and consulting
in the South
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 63
appendices • ird Addresses World-Wide
ird addresses world-wide
metropolitan
france
Head office - IRD
44 bd de dunkerque
Cs 90 009 - 13 572 Marseille cedex 02 - france
tel.: 33 (0)4 91 99 92 00
fax: 33 (0)4 91 99 92 22
Web: www.ird.fr
Northern France Centre
Representative: Corinne ROULAND-LEFèVRE
32 avenue Henri-varagnat - 93 143 Bondy cedex
tel.: 33 (0)1 48 02 55 00
fax: 33 (0)1 48 47 30 88
direction.france-nord@ird.fr
Web: www.france-nord.ird.fr
Southern France Centre
Representative: Yves DUVAL
911 avenue Agropolis - Bp 64 501 34 394 Montpellier cedex 5
tel.: 33 (0)4 67 41 61 00
fax: 33 (0)4 67 41 63 30
montpellier@ird.fr
Web: www.france-sud.ird.fr
La Réunion
Regions of expertise: Mayotte, Scattered Islands
in the Indian Ocean
Representative: Pascale CHABANET
ird
• postal address:
Bp 50172
97492 sainte-Clotilde cedex
• physical address:
2, rue Joseph Wetzell
parc technologique universitaire
97 490 sainte-Clotilde, la réunion
tel.: 262 (0)2 62 52 89 19
fax: 262 (0)2 62 48 33 53
la-reunion@ird.fr
Web: www.la-reunion.ird.fr
Martinique
Regions of expertise: Guadeloupe - Saint-Barthélémy Saint-Martin - Caribbean basin
Representative: Patrick QUÉNÉHERVÉ
ird - 3 rue de la rose des vents
Bp 8 006 - 97 259 fort-de-france cedex
tel.: 596 (0)5 96 39 77 39
fax: 596 (0)5 96 50 32 61
martinique@ird.fr
Web: www.martinique.ird.fr
New Caledonia
Regions of expertise: Australia - Fiji - New Zealand Papua New Guinea - Tonga - Vanuatu
overseas france
French Guiana
Representative: Patrick SEYLER
ird - 0,275 km route de Montabo
Bp 165 - 97 323 Cayenne cedex
tel.: 594 (0)5 94 29 92 92
fax: 594 (0)5 94 31 98 55
guyane@ird.fr
Web: www.cayenne.ird.fr
page 64
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
Representative: Gilles FÉDIèRE
ird - 101, promenade roger laroque
Anse vata - Bp A5 - 98 848 nouméa cedex
tel.: (687) 26 10 00
fax: (687) 26 43 26
nouvelle-caledonie@ird.fr
Web: www.nouvelle-caledonie.ird.fr
French Polynesia
Representative: Philippe LACOMBE
ird - Chemin de l’Arahiri - pk 3,5
Arue - Bp 529 - 98 713 papeete - tahiti
tel.: (689) 47 42 00
fax: (689) 42 95 55
polynesie@ird.fr
Web: www.polynesie.ird.fr
africa
Cameroon
South Africa
Representative: Bruno BORDAGE
Regions of expertise: Angola – Botswana Mozambique - Zimbabwe
Representative: Yves SAVIDAN
ird - postnet suite 164
private Bag X844 - silverton 0127
pretoria south Africa
tel.: 27 (0) 12 844 0117/0118
fax: 27 (0) 12 844 0119
afrique-du-sud@ird.fr
Benin
Regions of expertise: Ghana - Nigeria - Togo
Representative: Gilles BEZANçON
• postal address:
ird-sCAC Ambassade de france au Bénin
s/c service de la valise diplomatique
92 438 Chatillon cedex - france
• physical address:
résidence “les Cocotiers”
08 Bp 841 - Cotonou - Benin
tel.: (229) 21 30 03 54
fax: (229) 21 30 88 60
benin@ird.fr
www.benin.ird.fr
Burkina Faso
Region of expertise: Côte d’Ivoire
Representative: Jean-Marc LEBLANC
ird - 688 avenue pr. Joseph ki-Zerbo,
secteur 4, 01 Bp 182 - ouagadougou 01 - Burkina faso
tel.: (226) 50 30 67 37 / 39
fax: (226) 50 31 03 85
burkina-faso@ird.fr
www.burkina-faso.ird.fr
Regions of expertise: Congo - Gabon - Equatorial Guinea Central African Republic -Democratic Republic of the
Congo
ird - rue 1 095 Joseph essono Balla
quartier elig essono - Bp 1 857 - yaoundé - Cameroon
tel.: (237) 22 20 15 08 - (237) 22 21 17 36
fax: (237) 22 20 18 54
cameroun@ird.fr
www.cameroun.ird.fr
Egypt
Regions of expertise: Jordan - Lebanon - Libya - Syria
Representative: Said JABBOURI
• postal address:
ird - p.o. Box 26 - 12 211 giza - egypt
• physical address:
46, rue 7 - 11 431 Maadi - le Caire - egypt
tel.: (202) 23 59 71 53
fax: (202) 23 78 33 08
egypte@ird.fr
www.eg.ird.fr
Kenya
Regions of expertise: Ethiopia - Uganda - Tanzania
Representative: Alain BORGEL
ird - C/o iCrAf
united nations Avenue, gigiri
p.o. Box 30 677 - 00100 nairobi kenya
tel.: (254 20) 722 47 58
fax: (254 20) 722 40 01
kenya@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/kenya
Mali
Region of expertise: Guinea
Representative: Bruno SICARD
ird - numéro 2000, rue 234
quartier Hippodrome - Bp 2528 Bamako - Mali
tel.: (223) 20 21 05 01 / 12
fax: (223) 20 21 64 44
mali@ird.fr
www.mali.ird.fr
Morocco
Representative: Benoît LOOTVOET
ird - 15 rue Abou derr
Bp 8 967 - 10 000 rabat-Agdal Morocco
tel.: (212) 537 67 27 33 / 12 66
fax: (212) 537 67 27 43
maroc@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/maroc
Niger
Region of expertise: Chad
Representative: Oumarou MALAM ISSA
ird - 276 avenue de Maradi
Bp 11 416 - niamey niger
tel.: (227) 20 75 31 15 / 26 10 - (227) 20 75 25 30
fax: (227) 20 75 28 04
niger@ird.fr
www.ird.ne
Senegal
Regions of expertise: Cape Verde - Gambia - Guinea
Bissau - Mauritania
Representative: Georges DE NONI
ird - immeuble Mercure
Avenue georges pompidou
X Wagane diouf - Bp 1 386 - Cp 18 524 dakar sénégal
tel.: (221) 33 849 83 30
fax: (221) 33 849 83 48
senegal@ird.fr
www.senegal.ird.fr
Tunisia
Region of expertise: Algeria
Representative: Patrick THONNEAU
ird - Bp 434 - 5 impasse Chehrazade
el Menzah 4 - 1004 tunis - tunisia
tel.: (216 71) 75 00 09 / 01 83
fax: (216 71) 75 02 54
tunisie@ird.fr
www.tunisie.ird.fr
appendices • ird Addresses World-Wide
latin america
Bolivia
Representative: Bernard FRANCOU
• postal address:
ird - Cp 9214 - 00095 la paz - Bolivia
• physical address:
Av. Hernando siles nº 5 290
esq. Calle 7, obrajes - la paz - Bolivia
tel.: (591 2) 278 29 69 / 42
fax: (591 2) 278 29 44
bolivie@ird.fr
www.bo.ird.fr
Brazil
Region of expertise: Paraguay
Representative: Frédéric HUYNH
• postal address:
ird - Cp 7 091 - lago sul
71 645-970 - Brasilia - df - Brazil
• physical address:
sHis - qi 16 - Conj. 03 - Casa 06
lago sul - 71 640-230 - Brasilia - df
tel.: (55 61) 32 48 53 23
fax: (55 61) 32 48 53 78
bresil@ird.fr
www.brasil.ird.fr
Chile
Regions of expertise: Argentina - Uruguay
Representative: Abdelghani CHEHBOUNI
• postal address:
ird - Casilla 53 390
Correo Central santiago 1 - Chile
• physical address:
roman diaz 264, providencia - santiago - Chile
tel.: 56 2 2 236 34 64
fax: 56 02 2 236 34 63
chili@ird.fr
www.chile.ird.fr
Ecuador
Representative: Jean-Yves COLLOT
ird - Whymper 442 y Coruña Apartado 17 12 857 quito - ecuador
tel.: (593 2) 250 39 44
fax: (593 2) 250 40 20
equateur@ird.fr
www.equateur.ird.fr
Mexico
Regions of expertise: Cuba - Central American states
Representative: Renaud FICHEZ
ird - Calle Anatole france # 17 Col.
Chapultepec polanco C.p. 11 560 México d.f. - Mexico
tel. et fax: (52 55) 52 80 76 88
mexique@ird.fr
www.mx.ird.fr
Peru
Regions of expertise: Colombia - Venezuela
Representative: Jean-Loup GUYOT
• postal address:
ird - Casilla 18 - 1 209 lima 18 - peru
• physical address:
Calle 17 n°455 - Corpac, san isidro - lima 27
tel.: (51 1) 719 98 85
fax: (51 1) 718 32 69
perou@ird.fr
www.peru.ird.fr
asia
indian ocean
Indonesia
Madagascar
Region of expertise: East Timor
Representative: Jean-Paul TOUTAIN
graha kapital 1, lantai 2, s 205 Jalan kemang raya 4
Jakarta 12 730, indonesia
tel.: (62 21) 71 79 46 51
fax: (62 21) 71 79 46 52
indonesie@ird.fr
www.indonesie.ird.fr
Laos
Regions of expertise: Cambodia
Regions of expertise: Comoros - Seychelles - Indian
Ocean island states
Mediterranean region
Representative: Sophie GOEDEFROIT
Saïd JABBOURI, Egypt representative
ird près vB 22
Ambatoroka
route d’Ambohipo - Bp 434
101 Antananarivo - Madagascar
tel.: (261 20) 22 330 98
fax: (261 20) 22 369 82
madagascar@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/madagascar
West and central Africa
Representative: Marc SOURIS
ird - Ban sisangvone
Bp 5992 - vientiane - république du laos
tel.: (856 21) 45 27 07
fax: (856 21) 41 29 93
laos@ird.fr
www.irdlaos.org
Thailand
Representative: Régine LEFAIT -ROBIN
ird - french embassy
29, thanon sathorn tai Bangkok 10 120 - thailande
tel.: (66 2) 627 21 90
fax: (66 2) 627 21 94
thailande@ird.fr
www.th.ird.fr
Vietnam
regional
coordinators
european union
said.jabbouri@ird.fr
Georges DE NONI, Senegal representative
georges.denoni@ird.fr
East and southern Africa
and Indian ocean
Alain BORGEL, Kenya representative
jean.albergel@ird.fr
IRD - CLORA
Representative: Jean-Pierre FINANCE
8, avenue des Arts
B1210 Bruxelles - Belgique
tel.: (32 2) 506 88 48
fax: (32 2) 506 88 45
bruxelles@ird.fr
South and central America,
Caribbean region
Jean-Loup GUYOT, Peru representative
gerard.herail@ird.fr
Asia
Régine LEFAIT-ROBIN, Thailand
representative
regine.lefait-robin@ird.fr
Representative: Jean-Pascal TORRETON
ird - quartier diplomatique de van phuc
Appartement 202, bâtiment 2g
298 kim Ma, Ba dinh - Hanoï -vietnam
tel.: (84 4) 37 34 66 56
fax: (84 4) 37 34 67 14
vietnam@ird.fr
www.vietnam.ird.fr
Pacific
Gilles FÉDIèRE, New Caledonia
representative
gilles.fediere@ird.fr
AnnuAl report 2012 • IRD
page 65
appendices • tHe reseArCH units
theresearchunits
ABBADIE Luc | IRD Unit 211
COLLEYN Jean-Paul | IRD Unit 194
DUFOUR Sylvie | IRD Unit 207
GUILLAUD Dominique | IRD Unit 208
uMr BioeMCo \ Biogeochemistry and ecology of
land-based environments.
uMr CeAf \ Centre for african studies.
uMr BoreA \ Biology of aquatic ecosystems
and organisms.
uMr pAloC \ local heritage.
luc.abbadie@ens.fr
www.biologie.ens.fr/bioemco
AUFFRAY Jean-Christophe | IRD Unit 226
uMr ise-M \ institute for evolution sciences,
Montpellier.
jean-christophe.auffray@univ-montp2.fr
www.isem.cnrs.fr
AUGER Pierre | IRD Unit 209
uMi uMMisCo \ Mathematical and computer
modelling of complex systems.
pierre.auger@ird.fr
www.ummisco.ird.fr
BERGER Jacques | IRD Unit 204
uMr nutripAss \ prévention of malnutrition and
associated pathologies.
stceaf@ehess.fr - colleyn00@gmail.com
ceaf.ehess.fr
COUTERON Pierre | IRD Unit 123
uMr AMAp \ plant architecture, functioning
and evolution.
pierre.couteron@ird.fr
amap.cirad.fr
uMr intertryp \ Host-vector-parasite interactions
in trypanosome diseases.
FONTENILLE Didier | IRD Unit 224
gerard.cuny@ird.fr
www.sleeping-sickness.ird.fr
CURY Philippe | IRD Unit 212
uMr eMe \ exploited marine ecosystems.
philippe.cury@ird.fr - philippe.cury@ifremer.fr
www.umr-eme.org
CAPELLE Bernard | IRD Unit 206
xavier.de-lamballerie@univmed.fr
uMr iMpMC \ Mineralogy and physics of
condensed media.
DELAPORTE Éric | IRD Unit 233
uMr isterre \ earth sciences.
philippe.cardin@ird.fr
direction.isterre@ujf-grenoble.fr
www.isterre.fr
CHARBIT Yves | IRD Unit 196
uMr epv \ emergence of viral pathologies.
uMi transviHMi \ epidemiological transitions,
translational research applied to Hiv and
infectious diseases.
patrice.garin@irstea.fr - g-eau@ird.fr
www.g-eau.net
GOURIOU Yves | IRD Unit 191
us iMAgo \ instrumentation, analytical resources
and monitoring in geophysics and oceanography.
uMr lped \ population, environment, development.
serge.hamon@ird.fr
www.diade.ird.fr - www.diade-research.fr
therese.libourel@univ-montp2.fr
www.espace.ird.fr
JOURDAIN Gonzague | IRD Unit 174
MAZOUNI-GAERTNER Nabila | IRD Unit 241
uMi ird-pHpt \ Clinical epidemiology, motherand-infant health and Hiv in southeast Asia.
nabila.gaertner-mazouni@upf.pf
gonzague.jourdain@ird.fr
www.phpt.org
KERR Yann | IRD Unit 113
uMr eio\ oceanian island ecosystems.
MAZUREK Hubert | IRD Unit 151
uMr lped \ population, environment, development.
uMr CesBio \ space-based study of biosphere.
hubert.mazurek@ird.fr
www.lped.org
direction@cesbio.cnes.fr
www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr
MOATTI Jean-Paul | IRD Unit 912
LALOË Francis | IRD Unit 220
uMr sesstiM \ economics and social science for
health, processing of medical information.
uMr gred \ governance, risks, environment,
dévelopment.
francis.laloe@ird.fr
www.gred.ird.fr
jean-paul.moatti@ird.fr
jean-paul.moatti@inserm.fr
www.se4s-orspaca.org
MOLENAT Jérôme | IRD Unit 144
herve.le_guyader@upmc.fr
www.upmc.fr
umr-lisah-dir@supagro.inra.fr
www.umr-lisah.fr
DELORON Philippe | IRD Unit 216
michel.gregoire@get.obs-mip.fr
www.get.obs-mip.fr
LEBEL Thierry | IRD Unit 012
MOREL Yves | IRD Unit 065
uMr Mother-and-infant health in relation to
tropical infections.
uMr get \ geosciences and environment, toulouse.
GUBERT Flore | IRD Unit 225
uMr diAl \ development, institutions and
globalisation.
uMr sedyl \ language dynamics and structure.
flore.gubert@ird.fr
gubert@dial.prd.fr
www.dial.prd.fr
adonabedian@inalco.fr
sedyl.cnrs.fr
GUICHAOUA André | IRD Unit 201
DUBOIS Jean-Luc | IRD Unit 236
uMi resilienCes.
jean-luc.dubois@ird.fr
IRD • AnnuAl report 2012
uMr g-eAu \ Water: management, stakeholders
and uses.
LIBOUREL Thérèse | IRD Unit 228
GREGOIRE Michel | IRD Unit 234
DONABÉDIAN Anaïd | IRD Unit 135
page 66
GARIN Patrice | IRD Unit 183
direction@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
eric.delaporte@ird.fr
www.umi233.com
yves.charbit@ird.fr
www.ceped.org
jean-luc.chotte@ird.fr
www.montpellier.inra.fr/ecosols
didier.fontenille@ird.fr
www.mivegec.ird.fr
uMr diAde \ plant diversity, adaptation and
development.
uMr loCeAn \ oceanography and climate:
experimentation and numerical approaches.
LE GUYADER Hervé | IRD Unit 148
philippe.deloron@ird.fr
www.umr216.ird.fr
uMr eCo&sols \ functional ecology and
biogeochemistry of soils and agrosystems.
uMr MivegeC \ infectious diseases and vectors:
ecology, genetics, evolution and control.
HAMON Serge | IRD Unit 232
LEZINE Anne-Marie | IRD Unit 182
yves.gouriou@ird.fr
www.brest.ird.fr/us191
uMr Ceped \ Centre for population and development.
CHOTTE Jean-Luc | IRD Unit 210
uMr pHArMA-dev \ pharmacochemistry and
pharmacology for development.
CUNY Gérard | IRD Unit 177
DE LAMBALLERIE Xavier | IRD Unit 190
CARDIN Philippe | IRD Unit 219
FABRE Nicolas| IRD Unit 152
nicolas.fabre@univ-tlse3.fr
www.pharmadev.ird.frwww.ird.fr/umr152
www.ups-tlse.fr
jacques.berger@ird.fr
www.nutripass.ird.fr
bernard.capelle@impmc.upmc.fr
www.impmc.upmc.fr
dufour@mnhn.fr
www.mnhn.fr/mnhn/UMR7208
dominique.guillaud@ird.fr
www.paloc.ird.fr
uMr d&s \ societies and development.
andre.guichaoua@ird.fr
recherche-iedes.univ-paris1.fr
uMr sAe \ systematics, adaptation, evolution.
uMr ltHe \ transfers in hydrology and
environment.
thierry.lebel@ird.fr
direction-lthe@ujf-grenoble.fr
www.lthe.fr
LEBRUN Michel | IRD Unit 040
uMr lstM \ tropical and mediterranean
symbioses.
lebrun@univ-montp2.fr
www.mpl.ird.fr/lstm
uMr lisAH \ soil-agrosystem-hydrosystem
interactions.
uMr legos \ space-based geophysics and
oceanography.
directeur@legos.obs-mip.fr
www.legos.obs-mip.fr
NICOLE Michel | IRD Unit 186
uMr rpB \ plant resistance to pests and diseases.
michel.nicole@ird.fr
www.mpl.ird.fr/umr-rpb
APPENDICES • THE RESEARCH UNITS
Document produced by the information, communication and scientific culture
for the South department
dic@ird.fr
©IRD may 2013
ISBN 978-2-7099-1752-0
Coordinator: Marie-Noëlle Favier / Editor: Violaine Arnaud / Graphic design and layout:
Efil - www.efil.fr / Subeditor: Yolande Cavallazzi / English translation: Technicis /
Picture editor: Base Indigo – Daina Rechner / Computer graphics: Laurent Corsini /
Maps: Catherine Valton / Distributor: Unité de diffusion, Bondy ; Philippe Chanard,
Marseille / Printer: Imprimerie Audry, Marseille.
CONTENTS
SILVAIN Jean-François | IRD Unit 072
UR CoRéUs 2 \ Biocomplexity of coral ecosystems
in the Indian ocean and Pacific.
UR BEI \ Biodiversity and evolution of plant/insect
pest/biocontrol organism complexes.
claude.payri@ird.fr
www.coreus.ird.fr
jean-francois.silvain@ird.fr
www.legs.cnrs-gif.fr
ARNAUD Nicolas | IRD Unit 223
RAGUENEAU Olivier | IRD Unit 195
TATONI Thierry | IRD Unit 237
UMR LEMAR \ Science of marine environment.
UMR IMBE \ Mediterranean institute of biodiversity and marine and continental ecology.
oreme@univ-montp2.fr
www.oreme.univ-montp2.fr
olivier.ragueneau@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/UMR6539/
RAOULT Didier | IRD Unit 198
2012 ird
working in partnership
06 the ird around the world
07 editorial
08 ird in a nutshell - key figures for 2012
09 highlights of 2012
10 assessment of the 2008-2012
term of the scientific council
11 ethics and quality
14 international partners
18 world-wide events
excellence in research
22 excellence in research
25 preserving the environment and its resources
32 improving the health of populations
in developing countries
36 understanding the evolution
of developing societies
UMR URMITE \ Emerging tropical and infectious
diseases.
didier.raoult@ird.fr
didier.raoult@gmail.com
ROY Claude | IRD Unit 197
UMR LPO \ Ocean physics.
claude.roy@ird.fr.
www.ifremer.fr/lpo
SANJUAN Thierry | IRD Unit 215
UMR PRODIG \ Research cluster on organisation
and dissemination of geographical information.
obs-dir@ujf-grenoble.fr
http://portail.osug.fr
UMS Institut Pytheas.
hamelin@cerege.fr
TIMERA Mahamet | IRD Unit 205
LEFORT Olivier | IRD Unit 239
UMR URMIS \ Migration and society.
timera@univ-paris-diderot.fr
www.unice.fr/urmis
TRIC Emmanuel | IRD Unit 082
UMR GEOAZUR \ Geosciences azur.
UMR ECOSYM \ Ecology of coastal marine systems.
marc.troussellier@univ-montp2.fr
www.ecosym.univ-montp2.fr
SEMPERE Richard | IRD Unit 235
VANLERBERGHE Flavie | IRD Unit 022
eric.servat@ird.fr
hsm@ird.fr
www.hydrosciences.org
OSU OSUG \ Grenoble astrophysics observatory.
HAMELIN Bruno | IRD Unit 240
p.schiano@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr
www.obs.univ-bpclermont.fr/lmv
UMR HSM \ HydroSciences Montpellier.
FILY Michel | IRD Unit 222
direction@cerege.fr - thouveny@cerege.fr
www.cerege.fr
TROUSSELLIER Marc | IRD Unit 238
richard.sempere@univmed.fr
mio.pytheas.univ-amu.fr (en construction)
OSU OREME \ Mediterranean environment
monitoring.
UMR CEREGE \ European centre for research and
teaching in environmental geoscience.
SCHIANO Pietro | IRD Unit 163
UMR MIO \ Mediterranean Institute of
Oceanography.
20-39
THOUVENY Nicolas | IRD Unit 161
tsanjuan@univ-paris1.fr
www.prodig.cnrs.fr
SERVAT Éric | IRD Unit 050
04-11
thierry.tatoni@imbe.fr
www.imbe.fr
direction@geoazur.unice.fr
geoazur.oca.eu
UMR LMV \ Magmas and volcanoes.
12-19
Observatories and Oceanographic
fleet
PAYRI Claude | IRD Unit 227
UMR CBGP \ Biology centre for population
management.
dircbgp@supagro.inra.fr
www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP
UMS FOF \ French oceanographic fleet.
olivier.lefort@ifremer.fr
PAULET Yves-Marie | IRD Unit 218
OSU IUEM \ European institute for marine studies.
direction.iuem@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr
SOLER Pierre | IRD Unit 221
OSU OMP \ Midi-Pyrénées observatory.
pierre.soler@ird.fr - dir@obs-mip.fr
www.obs-mip.fr
Printed on PEFC-certified paper
Contributors
Ahrweiller Martine, Albergel Jean, Amadou Tahirou, Aresta Sandra, Arfi Robert,
Bahgat Amro Fayez , Bally René, Barts Nicolas, Baudry de Vaux Marie, Benefice Éric,
Bernard Gilles, Bezançon Gilles, Bonnet Christine, Bordage Bruno, Borgel Alain,
Bouvet Michel, Braun Jean-Jacques, Briard Diane, Buclet Benjamin, Cavet Dominique,
Changeux Thomas, Collot Jean-Yves, Coste Élise, Courcoux Gaëlle, Crozon Ariel,
De Andrade Mathieu Marcia, De Noni Georges, Delaunay Karine, Delaunay Valérie,
Dreyfus Bernard, Duos Cristelle, Duval Yves, Errafii Catherine, Fédière Gilles,
Fichez Renaud, Finance Jean-Pierre, Francou Bernard, Fumtim Joseph, Gaston Emmanuel,
Goedefroit Sophie, Gonzalez Cécilia, Guyot Jean-Loup, Hougard Jean-Marc,
Huynh Frédéric, Hvostoff Sophie, Jabbouri Saïd, Kpenou Laure, Lacombe Philippe,
Laurin Charlotte, Leblanc Jean-Marc, Lefait-Robin Régine, Lootvoet Benoît,
Lordinot Justine, Marini Jean-François, Maurange Magali, Mourier Thomas,
Neibecker Stéphanie, Nguyen Phuong Anh, Ojeda Rose Marie, Ollier Corinne, Omri Leila,
Ouattara Bérénice, Pinel Serge, Piroux Amélie, Queneherve Patrick, Raud Stéphane,
Razanajaonarijery Noly, Revaud Corinne, Riotte Jean, Robert Sylvain, Rossi-Ribe Sophie,
Rotival Valérie, Rouland-Lefèvre Corinne, Sabrié Marie-Lise, Saudegbee Rita, Savidan Yves,
Seyler Patrick, Sicard Bruno, Sokhna Cheikh, Surugue Brigitte, Thonneau Patrick,
Tièges Anne-Marie, Tissot-Dupont Hervé, Torreton Jean-Pascal, Toutain Jean-Paul,
Vacher Jean-Joinville, Vidal Laurent, Vilayleck Mina, Villard Jean-Yves.
For the science examples
Acha Dario, Andino Patricio, Anthelme Fabien, Bani Philipson, Bernoux Martial,
Chotte Jean-Luc, Dangles Olivier, Didou Stéphanie, Dounias Edmond, Duvail Stéphanie,
Espinosa Rodrigo, Francou Bernard, Gallall Tahar, Gérard Etienne, Holmes Edward,
Locquet Jacques, Marchand Cyril, Mbunda Shey Wilfried, Metaxian Jean-Philippe,
Nicole Michel, Nyingi Dorothy Wanja, Point David, Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste, Renaud Pascal,
Rojas Rosario, Sauvain Michel, Sereme Drissa, Silvain Jean-François, Solano Philippe,
Dr Surono, Toutain Jean-Paul, Valentin Christian.
Photo credits – Annual report 2012
© IRD - P.Desenne (p. 1), © IRD - L. Ferry (p. 2-3), © IRD - J-Y. Meunier (p. 4-5),
© M. Thiebaut - bleu-ocean.fr (p. 7), © M.Thiebaut - bleu-ocean.fr, © IRD - P. Chabanet,
© IRD - J-P. Caminade, © IRD - P. Chanard (p. 9), © IRD - V. Jorigné (p. 10), © IRD - A. Vassas (p. 11),
© D. Jacobsen (p. 12- 13), © Parc National de Taza - Y. Belhimer, © IRD- D.R (p. 14), © IRD V. Chaplot, © IRD - C. Paquette (p. 15), © IRD - O. Evrard (p. 16), © IRD - J-M. Boré, © IRD - A. Aing
(p. 17), © IRD - L. Auclair, © IRD - J-Y. Meunier, © Spot (p. 18), © CNRS Photothèque - F. Guichard,
L. Kergoat, © IRD - A. Piroux, © IRD - E. Folcher (p. 19), © IRD - P. Gantet (p. 20-21),
© IRD - M-N. Favier (p. 22), © IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 23), © X. Desmier / MNHN/PNI/IRD,
© IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 24), © IRD - C. Marchand, © IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 26), © IRD - O. Dangles (p. 27),
© O. Balarabe, © A. Bouajila (p. 28), © IRD - J-L. Duprey (p. 29), © IRD - D. Sereme (p. 30),
© IRD - P-A. Calatayud (p. 30), © IRD - P. Bani (p. 31), © IRD - M. Haddad, © IRD M. Sauvain (p. 33), © IRD -V. Jamonneau (p. 34), © Institut Pasteur, © Institut Pasteur F. Rey, © Inserm - M. Depardieu (p. 35), © IRD - S. Duvail, © Colin Jackson p.37),
© IRD - C Léauthaud (p.39), © IRD - C. Leduc (p. 40-41), © IRD - V. Chaplot, © IRD - G. Michon
(p. 42), © PENDHA, © IRD - G. Villegier, © IRD - M. Maurange (p. 43), © IRD - C. Mariac,
© IRD - J. Bonvallot (p. 44), © IRD - A. Pariselle, © IRD - M-N. Favier (p. 45),
© IRD - J. Demarty (p. 46), © S. Guillerme, © IRD - S. Robert (p. 48), © Serei non nengone (p. 49),
© IRD - B. Francou (p. 50), © IRD - A. Bossu (p. 51), © IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 52-53), © IRD - B. Bourlès
(p. 54), © IRD - N. Daly (p. 56), © IRD - V. Delaunay (p. 57), © IRD - G. Roudaut (p. 58),
© IRD - J-M. Boré (p. 60-61), © IRD - P. Chanard (p. 63).
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 • IRD
PAGE 67
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