Drug Dangers
Course
Law
Enforcement I
Unit XI
Substance
Abuse
Essential
Question
What are the
most common
drugs and
their effects?
TEKS
§130.293(c)
(11)(A)(B)(C)
Prior Student
Learning
none
Estimated
Time
2 to 4 hours
Rationale
Illegal and prescription drugs are common in today’s society. It is important for
officers to know the most commonly encountered drugs, and their
characteristics, side effects, and forms of use. They must also be familiar with
the process for handling these drugs.
Objectives
The student will be able to:
1. Identify current commonly abused drugs in society.
2. Identify side effects from downer drugs.
3. Research the effects of substances such as ecstasy, gamma
hydroxybutyrate, rohypnol, and ketamine.
4. Identify common terms used in drug use and abuse.
5. List the signs of drug use.
6. Summarize the procedures for handling dangerous and unpredictable
drugs such as methamphetamine.
Engage
Do an Internet search for the following video: Reporting Weed md4. View and
discuss the video. Have the students identify the physical and mental changes
in the reporter during the video because of his exposure to marijuana. Use the
Discussion Rubric for assessment.
Key Points
I. Common Drug Trends
A. Downers – prescription drugs are some of the most used and abused
medicines
B. Rave Drugs
C. Others
II. Downers –drugs that reduce excitability and calm a person
A. Psychological Effects
1. Negative Effects
a) Lowered inhibitions
b) Slurred speech and clumsy body movement
c) Confusion
d) Dizziness
e) Poor memory and judgment
f) Short attention span
g) Hypnosis and sleep
h) Coma and shock
i) Death
2. Physical Effects
a) Droopy head and eyelids
b) Slowed walk
1
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
c) Slowed, slurred speech
d) Constricted pupils
e) Dry skin
f) Constipation
g) Changes in hormones
B. Reasons for Downer Use
1. Pain, surgery, injury
2. Anxiety
3. Coping with stressful times (job loss, divorce, death)
4. Addictions
C. Common downers
1. Hydrocodone
a) Substituted for Morphine
b) Most widely written prescription
c) “White Collar” addicts
d) Drug names
(1) Vicoprofen
(2) Hycodan
(3) Vicodin
(4) Lortab
(5) Lorcet
e) Street names
(1) Vikes
(2) Hydro
(3) Norco
f) Form
(1) Tablet
(2) Capsules
(3) Liquid
g) Uses
(1) Cough suppressant
(2) Analgesic for pain
h) Side effects
(1) Nausea
(2) Drowsiness
(3) Impaired coordination
(4) Weakness
(5) Confusion
(6) Constricted pupils
(7) Clammy skin
(8) Muscle relaxation
(9) Low blood pressure
(10) Low respiratory rate
2. Xanax
a) Prescribed to patients for anxiety, panic, and stress disorders
b) Street Names
(1) Z-bars
(2) Bars (white pills)
(3) School bus (yellow pills)
2
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
(4) Yellow boys (yellow pills)
(5) Footballs (blue pills)
(6) Handlebars (white pills)
(7) White boys (white pills)
(8) White girls (white pills)
(9) Bicycle parts (white pills)
c) Side effects
(1) Extreme loss of appetite and weight
(2) Constricted, pinpoint pupils
(3) Watery, sunken-in eyes
(4) Poor complexion or sickly appearance
(5) Constipation
(6) Drowsiness and falling asleep at odd times
(7) Frequently sick
(8) Tremors, twitching, excessive scratching
(9) May appear intoxicated with no signs of alcohol use
3. Oxycontin
a) Prescribed for relief of moderate to severe pain resulting from
injuries, bursitis, neuralgia, arthritis, and cancer
b) Street names
(1) OCs
(2) Ox
(3) Oxy
(4) Blue
(5) Hillbilly heroin
(6) Kicker
(7) Oxycotton
c) Side effects (similar to Xanax)
4. Rohypnol (Date rape drug)
a) Ten times more potent than Valium
b) Works in fifteen minutes and lasts up to eight hours
c) Short-term amnesia
d) Can be fatal with alcohol
e) Odorless and tasteless
f) To prevent misuse, now it dissolves more slowly and turns blue
in liquid.
g) Street names
(1) R-2
(2) Mexican valium
(3) Rophies
(4) Roofies
(5) Circles
h) Side effects
(1) Poor coordination
(2) Sedation
(3) Fatigue
(4) Confusion
(5) Dizziness
(6) Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
3
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
(7) Memory impairment
(8) Amnesia
(9) Nightmares
(10) Tremors
D. Rave Drugs
1. MDMA (Ecstasy)
a) Physical signs
(1) Dryness of mouth
(2) Jaw clenching
(3) Teeth grinding
(4) Mild eye twitching
(5) Sweating
(6) Nausea
(7) Fast/pounding heartbeat
(8) Dizziness
(9) Restlessness
b) Side effects (80-150 milligrams)
(1) Increased tactile sensitivity
(2) Increased empathic feelings
(3) High levels of serotonin (a sense of extreme happiness)
(4) Decreased inhibitions
(5) Impaired memory and learning
(6) Hyperthermia
(7) Heart and liver toxicity
(8) Renal failure
c) Street names
(1) Ecstasy
(2) XTC
(3) “E”
(4) “X”
(5) Beans
(6) Adams
(7) Hug Drug
(8) Disco Biscuit
(9) Go
2. Ketamine
a) Created as an anesthesia for small animals
b) Used during the Vietnam War on wounded soldiers
c) Numbing properties
d) Lethal when mixed with other drugs
e) Side effects of low doses (25-100 milligrams)
(1) Quieting/calming effect
(2) Meditative and introspective mood
(3) Mild inebriation
(4) Dreamy thinking
(5) A temporary sense of the world as unimportant
(6) Similar effects as LSD
(7) Lasts about 1 hour
f) Side effects of high doses (100-300 milligrams)
4
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
(1) Induces mild anesthetic state
(2) Feelings of tiredness and dizziness
(3) Severe hallucinations
(4) Delirium
(5) Death
g) Street names
(1) Jet
(2) Super acid
(3) Special "K“
(4) Green
(5) “K”
(6) Cat Valium
h) Forms
(1) Odorless
(2) Colorless
3. GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate)
a) Most commonly mixed with alcohol
b) Also a “rave” drug
c) Street Names
(1) Liquid Ecstasy
(2) Scoop
(3) Easy Lay
(4) Georgia Home Boy
(5) Grievous Bodily Harm
(6) Liquid X
(7) Goop
d) Side effects of low doses
(1) Drowsiness
(2) Dizziness
(3) Nausea
(4) Visual disturbances
(5) Incapable of resisting
(6) Memory problems
e) Side effects of high doses
(1) Unconsciousness
(2) Seizures
(3) Severe respiratory depression
(4) Coma
(5) Overdose – emergency room treatment and ICU for
respiratory depression and coma
f) Forms
(1) Odorless/colorless liquid
(2) White powder
E. Other common drugs abused
1. Alcoholism
a) Craving – a strong need, or urge, to drink
b) Loss of control – not being able to stop drinking once drinking
has begun
c) Physical dependence – withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea,
5
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
sweating, shakiness, and anxiety after stopping drinking
d) Tolerance – the need to drink greater amounts of alcohol to get
"high”
2. Cannabis Sativa Marijuana (Marijuana)
a) Active ingredient is THC
b) Street Names
(1) Grass
(2) Pot
(3) Weed
(4) Reefer
c) Side effects
(1) Faster heartbeat and pulse
(2) Bloodshot eyes
(3) Dry mouth and throat
(4) Impaired short-term memory
(5) Altered sense of time
(6) Inability to concentrate
(7) Slowed reaction times
(8) Reduced coordination
3. Ritalin/Concerta/Focalin/Adderall
a) Central Nervous system stimulant
b) Treats ADHD/ADD
c) Physical effects
(1) Appetite suppression
(2) Increased alertness
(3) Increases in
(a) Blood pressure
(b) Heart rate
(c) Respiration
(d) Body temperature
4. Crack Cocaine
a) Highly addictive stimulant
b) A mixture of powdered cocaine
c) Street names
(1) Jelly beans
(2) Rooster
(3) Tornado
d) Methods of use
(1) Smoking
(2) Snorting
e) Side effects
(1) Anxiety
(2) Depression
(3) Irritability
(4) Extreme fatigue
(5) Paranoia
f) Long-term use
(1) Alienate family and friends
(2) Isolated and suspicious
6
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
(3) Lie
(4) Cheat
(5) Steal
(6) Commit violent crimes
5. Methamphetamine
a) Central nervous system stimulant
b) Can be prescribed, but cannot be refilled
c) Color varies depending on the cooking method
d) Usually in a colorless, odorless, bitter-tasting crystalline form
e) Lasts up to twelve hours
f) Effects similar to crack cocaine
g) Methods of use
(1) Swallowing
(2) Snorting
(3) Smoking (glass pipe)
(4) Shooting (syringe injection)
h) Street names
(1) Glass
(2) Ice
(3) Meth
(4) Speed
(5) Crank
i) Side effects
(1) Increased alertness
(2) Increased physical activity
(3) Decreased appetite
(4) Rapid heart rate
(5) Increased blood pressure
6. DXM
a) The cough-suppressant found in cold medicine
b) Available over-the-counter
c) Effects last up to six hours
d) Side effects
(1) Slurred speech
(2) Diarrhea
(3) Abdominal pain
(4) Rash
(5) Fever and sweating
(6) Headache
(7) Brain damage
(8) Death
e) Street names
(1) Robo
(2) Skittles
(3) Triple C
(4) Red Devils
f) Forms
(1) Syrups
(2) Tablets
7
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
(3) Liquid
7. Inhalants
a) Items used
(1) Correction fluid
(2) Markers
(3) Spray paint
(4) Model airplane glue
(5) Rubber cement
(6) Hair spray
(7) Air freshener
(8) Deodorant
(9) Freon
(10) Nail polish remover
(11) Paint thinner
(12) Miscellaneous others
b) Methods of use
(1) Huffing
(2) Sniffing
(3) Snorting
c) Side effects
(1) Slows bodily functions
(2) Less inhibition
(3) Loss of consciousness
(4) Brain and body damage
(5) Death
III. Drug Terminology
A. Abuser – a person who continues to use a drug after it is needed or
even though it is not needed
B. Dependent – when a person experiences withdrawal symptoms from
reducing or stopping the use of the drug
C. Overdose – a user takes more of a drug than the body can process;
usually results in death
IV. Commonalities of Drug Users
A. Behaviors of drug users –drug users often engage in risky behavior and
criminal activity because of their drug use
1. The money needed for drugs equals prostitution, drug dealing, and
burglary
2. Very aggressive and violent
3. Suicidal
4. Higher risk of AIDS, hepatitis, or other sexually transmitted diseases
5. Isolation from family and friends
B. Signs of Drug Use
1. Personality
a) Disrespectful or even verbally and physically abusive
b) Emotionally erratic (angry, depressed, paranoid, confused,
extreme mood swings, etc.)
c) Secretive and dishonest
8
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
d) Steals or “looses” valued possessions
e) Spends or requests money constantly
f) Withdraws from family and friends
2. Physical
a) Neglects personal hygiene and grooming
b) Sleeps too much or too little
c) Exhibits loss of appetite
d) Experiences abnormal weight loss or gain
e) Exhibits abnormal energy level, hyperactivity, or lethargy
3. Social
a) Drops friends, activities, and interests
b) Skips school
c) Loses interest in schoolwork, resulting in lower grades
d) Sleeps in class
e) Loses concentration and poor memory
V. Procedures for Handling Drugs
A. General guidelines
1. Always wear protective gloves and equipment
2. Never taste the substances
3. Document the color, texture, and odor of a substance
4. Contact the proper agency to dismantle, if it appears to be a drug
lab
5. Never handle unknown or questionable substances
6. Maintain custody and control of the substances
7. Package drugs separately
B. Procedures
1. Retain the property until it is properly tagged and placed in a
property locker
2. Book all drugs separately
3. Book all drug paraphernalia separately
4. Use syringe tubes to package syringes and needles
C. Packaging
1. Complete a presumptive test if the quantity allows
2. Include the result in the officer’s report
3. Weigh drugs in the container they are held in
4. Weigh the entire package after sealing it and then record the gross
weight
5. Place drugs in an envelope and seal both ends with evidence tape
6. Write your initials and the date on the outside of the evidence tape
Activities
Hollywood Who’s. Students will select a celebrity that has died as a result of
complications involving drug use or drug abuse. The student will record the
celebrity’s name, the type of drug used, and any physical, mental and economic
side effects or consequences caused by their drug use while they were still
alive. Sample inquiry questions are, “did it affect their employment standing?”
and, “what were the circumstances surrounding the death?” Some celebrities to
research might be Elvis Presley, Judy Garland, Marilyn Monroe, Michael
9
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Jackson, Kurt Cobain and Heath Ledger. After their research is complete,
students may create a public drug awareness poster using their celebrity as the
center of their campaign, and present it to the class. Use the Research Rubric
and the Presentation Rubric for assessment.
Assessments
Drug Dangers Exam and Key
Discussion Rubric
Individual Work Rubric
Presentation Rubric
Research Rubric
Materials
Drug Dangers computer-based presentation
Computers with Internet access
Poster board and art supplies
Resources
Houle, Michelle M. Berkley Heights, NJ. Tranquilizer, Barbiturate and Downers
Drug Dangers; Enslow Publishers, 1997.
Barter, James. Hallucinogens. San Diego, CA; Lucent Books, 2002.
National Drug Intelligence Center, U.S. Department of Justice, Archived
Publications, Fast Facts Series
http://www.justice.gov/ndic/topics/archived.htm
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration http://www.justice.gov/dea/index.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
National Institute on Drug Abuse
http://www.drugabuse.gov/DrugPages/DrugsofAbuse.html
www.streetdrugs.org
Do an Internet search for the following video: Reporting Weed md4
Accommodations for Learning Differences
For reinforcement, students should research each of the drugs listed to learn
more about their uses, side effects, and descriptions. Use the Research Rubric
for assessment.
For enrichment, students should conduct an anonymous survey within their
school to determine the trends in drug use. This will allow them to see firsthand the types of drugs being used. Once students are aware of the types of
drugs being bought, sold, and used in their school, they can then create a drug
awareness campaign for those specific drugs. Use the Individual Work Rubric
for assessment.
State Education Standards
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Career and Technical Education
§130.293. Law Enforcement I (One to Two Credits)
(11) The student explains behavioral symptoms of drug users and dangers
associated with handling drugs. The student is expected to:
10
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
(A) identify current commonly abused drugs in society.
(B) research the effects of substances such as ecstasy, gamma
hydroxybutyrate, rohypnol and ketamine.
(C) summarize the procedures for handling dangerous and unpredictable
drugs such as methamphetamine.
College and Career Readiness Standards
E. Technology
1. Use technology to gather information.
2. Use technology to organize, manage, and analyze information.
3. Use technology to communicate and display findings in a clear and
coherent manner.
4. Use technology appropriately.
11
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Name:_________________________
Date:___________________________
Drug Dangers Exam
Match the following drug with the correct street name.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
_____ Hydrocodone
_____ Marijuana
_____Crack Cocaine
_____Ecstasy
_____Rohypnol
_____Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
_____Ketamine
_____Methamphetamine
_____DXM
a) Special K, Cat Valium
b) Glass
c) Hug Drug
d) Triple C
e) Hydro
f) Reefer
g) Tornado
h) R-2
i) Georgia Home Boy
10. _____Which drug is not one of the most common drugs in today’s society?
a) Marijuana
b) Heroin
c) Methamphetamine
d) DXM
11. _____Hydrocodone is a substitute for which drug?
a) Heroin
b) Oxycontin
c) Morphine
d) Rohypnol
12. _____Side effects of Hydrocodone include all but which of the following?
a) Nausea
b) Confusion
c) Constricted pupils
d) High blood pressure
13. _____Which drug may produce the effects of alcohol intoxication?
a) Oxycontin
b) GHB
c) Rohypnol
d) Marijuana
14. _____The active ingredient in Marijuana is ___________?
a) ABC
b) THC
c) DXM
d) GHB
15. _____Which of the four is not a criterion for alcoholism?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tolerance
Physical dependence
Cravings
Absolute control
12
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
16. _____Which diagnosis is Ritalin/Focalin/Concerta/Adderall most often prescribed to treat?
a) Depression
b) Anxiety
c) ADHD/ADD
d) Alcoholism
17. _____Long-term use of crack cocaine reveals all of the following behaviors except
____________?
a) Honesty
b) Cheating
c) Alienating friends and family
d) Commiting violent crimes
18. _____Which medication is available over-the-counter?
a) GHB
b) THC
c) Hydrocodone
d) DXM
19. _____Inhalant abuse is extremely deadly.
a) True
b) False
20. _____Which of the following methods is not a method used for ingesting Methamphetamine?
a) Shooting
b) Touching
c) Smoking
d) Snorting
21. _____Which drug can commonly be found in a crystal form?
a) Methamphetamine
b) DXM
c) Heroin
d) Ritalin
22. _____Which drug turns blue when dissolved in liquid?
a) GHB
b) Crack cocaine
c) Ketamine
d) Rohypnol
23. _____Which of the following is not a side effect of Rohypnol?
a) Confusion
b) Decreased heart beat
c) Extreme energy
d) Amnesia
24. _____Which drug is not considered a “rave drug”?
a) Marijuana
b) Rohypnol
c) Ecstasy
d) Ketamine
13
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
25. _____Which of the “rave drugs” is officially known as MDMA?
a) Rohypnol
b) GHB
c) Ketamine
d) Ecstasy
26. _____Which drug is most often mixed with alcohol and is colorless?
a) Ecstasy
b) GHB
c) Ketamine
d) Rohypnol
27. _____High doses of GHB can cause all except which one of the following?
a) Coma
b) Overdose
c) Seizures
d) Extreme exhilaration
28. _____Which drug was originally created for anesthesia on small animals?
a) Ketamine
b) GHB
c) Rohyonol
d) Ecstasy
29. _____Which drug is lethal when mixed with other drugs?
a) GHB
b) Crack cocaine
c) Ketamine
d) Methamphetamine
30. _____Physiological effects of downers include all except which of the following?
a) Slurred speech
b) Death
c) Extended attention span
d) Lowered inhibitions
31. _____Physical symptoms of downer use include increased heart rate and enlarged pupils.
a) True
b) False
32. _____People may be prescribed downers for all except which of the following reasons?
a) Anxiety
b) Pain
c) Stressful times
d) Depression
33. _____A person who continues to use a drug after it is needed or even though it is not needed is
a/an ___________.
a) Overdose
b) Abuser
c) Dependent
d) Addict
14
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
34. _____An overdose is when a person experiences withdrawal symptoms from lessening or
stopping the use of the drug.
a) True
b) False
35. _____Behavior of a user may include all except which of the following behaviors?
a) Suicidal
b) Mellow mood
c) Alienated from friends/family
d) Prostitution
36. _____Sleeping too much or too little is which type of symptom of drug use?
a) Physical
b) School/Social
c) Personality
d) Behavioral
37. _____If a user exhibits signs of aggression and depression he is exhibiting social symptoms of
drug use.
a) True
b) False
38. _____Sleeping in class, skipping school, and lack of concentration are all symptoms related to
school.
a) True
b) False
39. _____When handling dangerous drugs, you should always wear protective equipment.
a) True
b) False
40. _____It is a good idea to taste the substance in order to identify it.
a) True
b) False
41. _____It is important to package drugs separately.
a) True
b) False
42. _____When collecting substances, it is a good practice to hand them to someone else to
package.
a) True
b) False
43. _____Syringes and needles should be packaged in paper bags.
a) True
b) False
44. _____Which of the following is not a step in packaging drugs?
a) Weigh drugs in the container it is held in
b) Weigh entire package after sealing it then record the gross weight
c) Test all quantities of drugs found
d) Write your initials and the date on the outside of the evidence tape
15
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
45. _____Which characteristic of the drugs should not be recorded?
a) Color
b) Odor
c) Texture
d) Taste
16
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Drug Dangers Exam Key
1. E
2. F
3. G
4. C
5. H
6. I
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. B
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. B
27. D
28. A
29. C
30. C
31. B
32. D
33. B
34. B
35. B
36. A
37. B
38. A
39. A
40. B
41. A
42. B
43. B
44. C
45. D
17
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Name_______________________________________
Date_______________________________
Discussion Rubric
Objectives
4 pts.
Excellent
3 pts.
Good
2 pts. Needs Some
Improvement
1 pt. Needs Much
Improvement
N/A
Pts.
Participates in group discussion
Encourages others to join the
conversation
Keeps the discussion progressing
to achieve goals
Shares thoughts actively while
offering helpful recommendations to
others
Gives credit to others for their ideas
Respects the opinions of others
Involves others by asking questions
or requesting input
Expresses thoughts and ideas
clearly and effectively
Total Points (32 pts.)
Comments:
18
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Name______________________________________
Date_______________________________________
Individual Work Rubric
Objectives
4 pts.
Excellent
3 pts.
Good
2 pts. Needs Some
Improvement
1 pt. Needs Much
Improvement
N/A
Pts.
Follows directions
Student completed the work as directed,
following the directions given, in order and to the
level of quality indicated
Time management
Student used time wisely and remained on task
100% of the time
Organization
Student kept notes and materials in a neat,
legible, and organized manner. Information was
readily retrieved
Evidence of learning
Student documented information in his or her
own words and can accurately answer questions
related to the information retrieved
*Research/Gathering information (if relevant)
Student used a variety of methods and sources
to gather information. Student took notes while
gathering information
Total Points (20 pts.)
Comments:
19
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Name:____________________________________
Date:_____________________________
Presentation Rubric
Objectives
4 pts.
Excellent
3 pts.
Good
2 pts. Needs Some
Improvement
1 pt. Needs Much
Improvement
N/A
Pts.
Topic/Content
 Topic discussed completely and in-depth
 Includes properly cited sources (if used)
Creativity/Neatness
 Integrates a variety of multimedia effects
to create a professional presentation
(transition and graphics) or appropriate
visual aid used
 Title slide, table of contents, bibliography
are included, using acceptable format
Mechanics
 Grammar, spelling, punctuation, and
capitalization are correct
 Image and font size are legible to the
entire audience
Oral Presentation
 Communicates with enthusiasm and eye
contact
 Voice delivery and projection are
dynamic and audible
Audience Interaction
 Presentation holds audience’s attention
and relates a clear message
 Clearly and effectively communicates the
content throughout the presentation
Total Points (20 pts.)
Comments:
20
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.
Name______________________________________
Date_______________________________________
Research Rubric
Objectives
4 pts.
Excellent
3 pts.
Good
2 pts. Needs Some
Improvement
1 pt. Needs Much
Improvement
N/A
Pts.
Question/goal
Student identified and communicated a question
or goal of the research
Research/Gathering information (if relevant)
Student used a variety of methods and sources
to gather information. Student took notes while
gathering information
Conclusion/Summary
Student drew insightful conclusions and
observations from the information gathered.
Information is organized in a logical manner
Communication
Student communicated the information gathered
and summary or conclusions persuasively.
Student demonstrated skill in the use of media
used to communicate the results of research
Reflection
Student reflected on the importance of the
research and its potential application
Total Points (20 pts.)
Comments:
21
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.