Career Exploration Module – DAY TWO
Lesson Title
Radiology and
Medical records
Cluster
Pathways
Diagnostic
Services
Health
Informatics
Essential
Question
What careers
are within the
Health Science
clusters?
TEKS
Career Portals:
1.A, 2.A, 2.B,
4.F
Prior Student
Learning
Students should
have already
been presented
the Career
Module
Introduction
Estimated time
45 minutes
Objectives
- Identify and explore career opportunities within the Health Science
Cluster
- Translate medical records
- Explore, examine and identify common bone injuries
Materials/Equipment/Handouts Needed
- Radiology Activity
- Medical Records Activity
- ER Assessment Activity (Extension)
Introduction/Engage
- Initiate a discussion with students to see if anyone has ever broken a
bone; what happened? Explain today’s lesson will look at a couple of
different careers where healthcare workers work every day with
patients who have had emergency injuries.
- Diagnostic Services-Primarily focused on detection, diagnosis and
treatment of diseases and disorders
o Ex: Physicians, Technologists and Technicians
o Explain that radiographers must be very good in anatomy so
that they can take accurate “pictures” of the body’s internal
structures. Medical radiographers often x-ray bones and must
be able to recognize different types of fractures. They work in
hospitals, outpatient medical imaging centers, physicians’
offices, or mobile imaging companies producing images of the
human body as an aid in the diagnosis of disease and injury.
- Health Informatics- Primarily focused on management of
departments, agencies and patient data
o Ex: Administrators, Unit Coordinators and Clerks
o Medical Transcriptionists work with every field of health care as
they make sure communication and accurate records are kept
for patients
- Go over the basic bones of the human anatomy (see handout). See
how many they already know and teach students new ones.
Activities
- Review vocabulary terms and definitions relevant to today’s lesson
- Activity: Radiographer – Identifying Fractures
- Activity: Medical Transcriptionist
- Utilize both the Diagnostic Service and Health Informatics pathways
to re-inforce how medical personnel work as a team to ensure good
patient care.
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Page 1
Lesson Closure
- Review correct answers with students during the last 10 minutes of
class and check for accuracy
- Discuss upcoming career module experiences and expectations
- Homework: Instruct students to continue searching for vocabulary list
definitions
Assessment
- Verbal responses to questions
- Participation in all activities
- Successful completion of “Radiographer – Identifying Fractures”
Activity
- Successful completion of “Medical Transcriptionist” Activity
Extension
- ER Assessment Activity
- Research the Internet for common causes for different types of
fractures
- Create free online health record:
The Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology
Architecture (VistA): http://www.ehealth.va.gov/VistA.asp
Accommodations for Learning Differences
- Accommodations Manual
- Guidelines and Procedures for Adapting Instructional Materials
- Sample Curriculum Customizations for Learning Differences
- Lesson Plan/Curriculum Modification Checklist
- Instructor Format for Curriculum Customization for Learning
Differences
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Day 2 of 10
Page 2
Identifying Fractures Activity
Materials needed:
Handout: “Radiographer – Identifying Fractures”
Computers with Internet access
TEKS:
§127.4.(c)(1)(A), (2)(A)(B), (4)(F)
Approximate time:
15-20 minutes
Directions:
1. Explain that students will look at x-ray diagrams and determine the type of fracture
pictured. Give students copies of the “Radiographer – Identifying Fractures” activity. Go
over directions together and answer any questions.
2. Students may use computers and the internet to find information needed on the activity
sheet.
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Page 3
Radiographer -- Identifying Fractures
Radiographers must be very good in anatomy so that they can take accurate “pictures” of the
body’s internal structures. Medical radiographers often x-ray bones and must be able to
recognize different types of fractures. They work in hospitals, outpatient medical imaging
centers, physicians’ offices, or mobile imaging companies producing images of the human body
as an aid in the diagnosis of disease and injury. Below you will find common vocabulary
Radiographers use daily.
Radiograph - x-ray picture
Radiographer - registered technologist who takes radiographs
Radiologist - medical doctor who reads and interprets radiographs
XR - x-ray
AP - anterior/posterior; means body structure being imaged was positioned so that the x-ray
beam entered from the front and exited the back of body part
PA -posterior/anterior; means body structure being imaged is positioned so that x-ray beam
enters the back and exits the front of body part
Lateral - means body structure being imaged is positioned so that x-ray beam enters it from the
side
fx - medical acronym for fracture or broken bones
Closed fx - a fracture that does not break through the skin
Open (compound) fx - a fracture that pierces the skin
Greenstick fx - an incomplete fracture in which the bone bends or splinters instead of breaking;
normally seen in small children who still have flexible bones
Transverse fx - a fracture that goes across a bone; often caused by sudden strong stretching
force or a direct impact on the bone
Oblique fx - an angled fracture; these fractures require close follow-up because of the likelihood
of slipping within the cast, resulting in nonunion
Spiral fx - a long fracture encircling the bone shaft due to twisting force; especially common in
lower leg injuries
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Comminuted fx - one fracture that is made up of several fragments; fragments are often
shattered, crushed or splintered
Depression fx - a fracture in which bone is pushed inward; most depression fractures occur in
the skull
Impacted fracture - usually an incomplete fracture; occurs where bone fragments are driven
into one another; area of over-lapping bone can be seen radiographically as a dense area of
disrupted cortical bone
Longitudinal fx - a fracture that runs the length of bone; usually incomplete
Colle’s fx - a fracture that occurs at the wrist; shearing of distal radius and sometimes styloid
process of ulna
Dislocation - when bones that form a joint become separated
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Bones of the Human Body
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Test Your Knowledge
Investigation
You are a radiographer and have been working the night shift at Memorial Hospital. During the
course of your shift you have taken x-rays on several different patients that came into the
emergency room. Review your vocabulary while looking at the diagrams below, and then
determine the type of fracture seen on each x-ray. Write the number of the x-ray next to the
diagnosis you choose.
_____________ 1. greenstick fracture
_____________ 2. dislocated elbow
_____________ 3. dislocated shoulder
_____________ 4. longitudinal fracture
_____________ 5. impacted fracture
_____________ 6. depressed fracture
_____________ 7. comminuted fracture
_____________ 8. spiral fracture
_____________ 9. closed fracture
_____________ 10. Colles’ fracture
_____________ 11. open fracture
_____________ 12. transverse fracture
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X-RAYs
1.
AP Radius & Ulna
2.
AP Radius & Ulna
Open or Closed Fx?
Open or Closed Fx?
3. Lateral Thumb
4. Shoulder
What’s wrong with this shoulder?
Type of fx?
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5. AP & Lateral Wrist
Type of fracture?
6. Lateral Elbow
Type of fx?
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7. Femur
8. Skull
Type of fx?
Type of fx?
9. Lateral forearm-child
Type of fx?
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10.
PA wrist
Type of fx?
11.
Lateral elbow
Type of pathology?
12. AP tibia/fibula
Type of fracture?
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Page 12
Test Your Knowledge - KEY
Investigation
You are a radiographer and have been working the night shift at Memorial Hospital. During the
course of your shift you have taken x-rays on several different patients that came into the
emergency room. Review your vocabulary while looking at the diagrams below, and then
determine the type of fracture seen on each x-ray. Write the number of the x-ray next to the
diagnosis you choose.
9
____________
1. greenstick fracture
11
_____________ 2. dislocated elbow
4
_____________
3. dislocated shoulder
3
_____________ 4. longitudinal fracture
10
_____________ 5. impacted fracture
8
_____________ 6. depressed fracture
7
_____________ 7. comminuted fracture
6
_____________ 8. spiral fracture
1
_____________ 9. closed fracture
5
_____________ 10. Colles’ fracture
2
_____________ 11. open fracture
12
_____________
12. transverse fracture
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Page 13
Medical Transcriptionist Activity
Materials needed:
Handout: “Medical Transcriptionist”
TEKS:
§127.4.(c)(1)(A), (2)(A)(B), (4)(F)
Approximate time:
15-20 minutes
Directions:
1. Explain that students will translate the medical terminology in a radiology report. Give
students copies of the “Medical Transcriptionist” activity. Go over directions together and
answer any questions.
2. Students may use the terms list to find information needed on the activity sheet.
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Medical Transcriptionist
A certified medical transcriptionist is a medical language specialist who interprets and
transcribes dictation by physicians and other health care professionals regarding patient
assessment, therapeutic procedures, clinical course, and diagnosis. The information is used to
document patient care and facilitate delivery of health care services. The primary skills
necessary are extensive medical knowledge and understanding, sound judgment, deductive
reasoning, and the ability to detect medical inconsistencies in dictation. They must also be
aware of all standards and requirements that apply to the medical record, as well as the legal
significance of medical transcripts.
Medical records -- Written record of a patient’s diagnosis, care, treatment, test results and
prognosis
Documentation -- Recording in a medical record pertinent information concerning a patient
Assessment -- An evaluation of a patient’s condition
Medical Record Practice
Using the following combination list of medical terms and abbreviations to translate the radiology
report written below. Terms that would be translated by the medical transcriptionist for the
patient’s chart are underlined.
Pt. 16 y/o male arrived @ 1645 by ambulance in ER with c/o pain in Lt. distal leg p falling in a
skiing accident which occurred around 1620. EMS reported finding pt. in supine position with
skis unattached. Upon exam, edema and redness noted at site of pain. PMS preformed with
P&S intact, however patient denied being able to move leg. EMS splinted leg, o2 @ 4 l/m. VS
normal. ER Dr. ordered A/P and Lateral x-ray of left tibia/fibula. X-ray revealed spiral fx of left
distal tibia/fibula consistent with pt. MOI. Report released stat to ER Dr. contacted ortho Dr.
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A/P- anterior/posterior (front to back)
@ - at
c/o - complaints of
distal - point far away from the point of reference or lower end of an extremity
Dr. – doctor
Edema - swelling
EMS - emergency medical service
ER- emergency room
l/m - liters per minute
lt.- left
MOI - mechanism of injury
O2 - oxygen
Ortho - orthopedic (bone doctor)
P - after
PMS - pulse motor (movement) and sensory (feeling)
P&S - Pulse and Sensory
Pt - patient
Spiral fx - spiral fracture
Supine - lying on back
VS - vital signs
1620 - military time for 4:20 pm
1645 - military time for 4:45 pm
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Medical Record Practice KEY
Patient a 16 year old male arrived at 4:45 pm by ambulance in emergency room with
complaints of pain in the left lower leg after falling in a skiing accident which occurred around
4:20 pm. Emergency medical services reported finding patient in lying on his back with skis
unattached; upon examination swelling and redness were noted at site of pain. Pulse, motor
and sensory was performed, pulse and sensory were intact, however, patient denied being
able to move extremity. Emergency medical services splinted leg, placed patient on oxygen
at four liters per minute. Vital signs were within normal limits. Upon arrival emergency room
physician ordered an anterior/posterior and lateral x-ray of the left tibia/fibula. X-ray revealed
a spiral fracture of the left lower tibia and fibula consistent with patient’s description of
mechanism of injury. Report was released immediately to emergency room physician who
contacted orthopedic physician.
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Page 17
ER Assessment Activity
Materials needed:
Handout: “ER Assessment”
Handout: “Radiographer – Identifying Fractures” (from activity)
TEKS:
§127.4.(c)(1)(A), (2)(A)(B), (4)(F)
Approximate time:
20-30 minutes
Directions:
1. Explain that students will complete a patient history.
2. Students will choose one of the twelve diagnoses from the “Radiographer – Identifying Fractures”
activity and explain how the patient may have injured themselves for this type of fracture.
3. Students may use computers and the internet to find common causes for this type of fracture.
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ER Assessment Sheet
Choose one of the twelve diagnoses from the radiograph activity. Place an “X” on the
appropriate bone where the fracture occurred. Complete patient history by explaining how the
patient injured themselves for this type of fracture. With your instructors approval search the
internet to look for common causes for this type of fracture.
Patient # ____________
Type of Fracture ___________________________________
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Page 19