Lesson Plan
Course Title: Architectural Design
Session Title: Styles of Houses
Performance Objective:
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to identify the various styles of houses and
where and why they are used; and, they will also be able to define and explain why “traffic
circulation” is important in the design of any house by completing the review questions and
illustrating efficient traffic circulation from information in the handout.
Specific Objectives:
The students will be able to:
• Identify and sketch basic house designs;
• Analyze and explain why certain designs are recommended for certain locales and
others are not;
• Define and discuss “traffic circulation”;
• Explain why traffic circulation is important when designing/building a house; and
• Illustrate efficient traffic circulation in a sketch.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Architectural Design:
•
130.46 (c)(3)(A)(B)(C)
...demonstrate knowledge of architectural design principles;
...determine building code and zoning requirements for building types in a selected area;
...demonstrate knowledge of the various grades and types of construction materials.
•
130.46 (c)(4)(A)(B)(C)
...safely use the tools, materials, and equipment commonly employed in the field of
architectural computer-aided drafting;
...properly handle and dispose of environmentally hazardous materials;
...demonstrate knowledge of new and emerging technologies that may affect the field of
architecture.
•
130.46 (c)(5)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)(G)(H)(J)(N)(Q)(R)(S)
...use problem-solving skills to analyze a situation to identify a problem to be solved;
...break a complex problem into component parts that can be analyzed and solved
separately;
...strive for accuracy and precision;
...work independently;
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...work collaboratively;
...research an architectural project;
...design and present an effective architectural product;
...present a final architectural product for critique;
...develop preliminary sketches of a commercial or residential architectural design;
...develop building designs to ensure compatibility between interior and exterior to
enhance overall appearance;
...develop details of floor and wall sections as required;
...demonstrate knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act; and
...assemble an architectural design in three dimensions.
•
130.46 (c)(7)(A)(B)
...begin illustrating ideas for architectural projects from direct observation, experiences,
and imagination; and
...begin comparing and contrasting the use of architectural elements such as color,
texture, form, line, space, value, and architectural principles such as emphasis, pattern,
rhythm, balance, proportion, and unity in personal architectural projects and those of
others using vocabulary accurately.
•
130.46 (c)(9)(A)(B)(C)
...compare and contrast historical and contemporary styles, identifying general themes
and trends;
...describe general characteristics in architectural projects from a variety of cultures; and
...compare and contrast career and vocational opportunities in architecture.
•
130.46 (c)(10)(A)(B)
...interpret, evaluate, and justify architectural artistic decisions in personal architectural
projects; and
...select and analyze original architectural projects, portfolios, and exhibitions by peers
and others to form precise conclusions about formal qualities, historical and cultural
contexts, intents, and meanings.
•
130.46 (c)(13)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)
...identify the nature of energy;
...relate potential energy, kinetic energy, and heat energy to conservation;
...create an energy model;
...evaluate different methods of energy transfer;
...recognize sustainable design as it relates to architectural design;
...define green architecture as related to the field of architecture.
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
English:
•
110.42 (b)(6)(A)(B)
…expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and discussing;
…rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative
language, idioms, multiple meaning words, and technical vocabulary;
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2
•
110.42 (b)(7)(A)(I)(J)
…establish a purpose for reading such as to discover, interpret, and enjoy;
…use study strategies such as skimming and scanning, note taking, outlining,
and using study-guide questions to better understand texts;
…read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time;
Teacher Preparation:
Collect examples of styles of houses and efficient traffic circulation from workbooks, trade
journals, and home finder publications to show students.
References:
Textbook – Architecture – Residential Drawing and Design by Clois E. Kicklighter.
The Goodheart - Willcox Company, Inc. Publishers, April 2003.
Instructional Aids:
1. PowerPoint of Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation
2. Review Test on the various Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation
3. Answers to review test
Materials Needed:
1. Handouts for each student on the Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation.
2. Pictures of styles of houses from the community.
3. Pictures showing effective traffic circulation.
Equipment Needed:
1. Computer
2. Overhead Projection unit
3. LCD Projector
Learner Preparation:
It is beneficial for the students to prepare by reading Chapter Two (2) outlined in the Textbook –
Architecture – Residential Drawing and Design, and identifying the vocabulary words that are
highlighted throughout the chapter. Additionally, a review of the Styles of Houses is provided in
this lesson as a handout.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
• SAY: Today we are going to discuss the various styles of homes and why efficient traffic
circulation is critical to the design.
• SAY: Most homes are built because of their location and the terrain upon which they are
to be built.
• SHOW: PowerPoint slides on Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation, pictures from
magazines, textbook examples.
• ASK: Why do you think each style is built where it is built in correlation to the
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•
•
•
•
area of the country they are in and the type of terrain they are on?
SAY: Traffic circulation is very important. It is the route people follow as they move from
one area of the house to the other. It must be planned for maximum efficiency.
SHOW: Here are samples of effective traffic circulation that I have found in trade
journals, magazines, and in your textbook.
SAY: Examples of efficient traffic circulation are having bedrooms and bathrooms close
together, and having family living areas near a guest bathroom.
ASK: Can you think of more examples of efficient traffic circulation?
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in
conjunction with the following outline.
MI
Outline
Notes to Instructor
I. Introduce the lesson by describing, showing
Have examples of the
examples, and questioning the students about the
various types of
various styles of houses and why certain houses
houses, found in the
work better in certain locations than others do.
community, displayed
by static pictures,
overhead visuals, or
A. One-story ranch
B. One-and-one-half-story
PowerPoint.
C. Two-story
D. Split-level
Distribute handout of
.
E. Variations of split-level
various styles of
F. Traffic circulation
houses and traffic
circulation.
II. Analyze and explain, in detail, why certain design
styles are recommended for certain locales and
others are not.
Constructed scale
models work well for
demonstration
purposes.
Teacher guides
students through
discussion.
A. One-story ranch works well where there is
unlimited space.
B. Two-story and split level works well for small
lots.
C. Split-level works well for sloping terrain.
III. Define and discuss “traffic circulation”.
A. Definition: Traffic circulation is the route that
people follow as they move from one area of the
house to another.
Teacher will define
traffic circulation and
then discuss with
students.
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B. It is planned for maximum efficiency.
Teacher will use
PowerPoint slides to
show traffic circulation.
IV. Explain why traffic circulation is important when
designing/building a house.
Teacher will use
PowerPoint slides to
explain why it is
important.
A. For efficiency
B. For aesthetics
V. Review questions and sketch of styles of houses
and efficient traffic circulation.
Teacher has students
complete review
questions including a
sketch illustrating
efficient traffic
circulation.
Copy and paste Multiple Intelligences Graphic in appropriate place in left column.
Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
The teacher will circulate through the room and talk with students as they sketch the various
styles of houses and effective traffic circulation. Students will explain why the styles “work” in
certain locales and not in others.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Students will review illustrations in their textbook and study for a review test over the various
styles of houses and traffic circulation.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Students will review the summary of terms found in Chapter 2 of the Textbook, Architecture –
Residential Drawing and Design, and in the handout provided. Students will then define the
terms through class discussion:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
One-story ranch
One-and-one-half-story
Two-story
Split-level
Variations of split-level
Traffic circulation
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Teacher will use Socratic Questioning of students, having them identify the various styles of
houses, and why each is appropriate for the locale where it is located. Efficient use of traffic
circulation should also be explored.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Students will answer the review questions based on the handout provided in this lesson and/or
found in Chapter 2 of the textbook, Architecture – Residential Drawing and Design.
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
1. Have students make a poster illustrating the various styles of homes in their community.
2. Tale a trip through the community to actually show the various styles of houses.
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Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation
One-Story Ranch: The typical one-story Ranch is a single story structure. One-story
homes (also called ranch and garden-level homes) are generally defined as homes with
all living areas and bedrooms on one level (excluding basement). There are usually
three bedrooms, a kitchen, 1 - 1½ baths, and a living room. There are many variations
to the standard ranch. The roof line on this style is usually a low angle gable, a hip style
roof, or a flat roof.
One-and-One-Half-Story: A one-and-one-half-story home is defined as having two
levels, with at least one or two bedrooms on the main level and the other bedrooms on
the second level. The high-pitched roof and dormers allows for the half-story finished
area. The main rooms, such as the kitchen, living room, bath, and up to two bedrooms,
are found on the first floor. Additional living area, usually bedrooms will be found in the
upper area.
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Two-Story: Two-story homes are similar to the one-and-one-half-story home and often
have as much or more living space on the 2nd level as on the 1st level. There may be
living space on the 2nd level over the garage, accounting for more living space on the
2nd level. Many times when building space and lots are small, two-story homes are used
because you can get twice the size of house on the lot.
Split-Level: The split-level building style is similar to the two-story. It is used 90% of the
time due to the contours of the lot. It normally has living areas on 2 or more levels. The
story height of a split-level residence is typically one-story with an occasional one-andone-half to up to three levels. The first level (intermediate level) is usually the kitchen,
living and dining; the 2nd level is for living areas; and the top levels are for bedrooms
and bath.
Variations of Split-Level: Side-by-side is used with lots sloping from left to right.
Front-to-back is with lots that are high in the front and low in the back. Back-to-front is
with lots that are low in the front and high in the back.
Traffic Circulation: This is the route that people follow as they move from one area of
the house to another. The floor plan should be planned for maximum efficiency. For
example, the garage should be close to kitchen so you don’t have to go through living
areas. Bedrooms and bathrooms should be close together. Family areas should be
relatively close to a guest bathroom. Closets should be near the front door for storage of
coats and sweaters. There should be a careful arrangement of doors so traffic flow will
be around furniture and not through conversation or work areas. Consideration should
be giving in how the levels of the home flow as well. Stairs should be off central hallway,
and in many floor plans may be located near the main entry as convenient entry to next
level. Stairs should not required access through another room.
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Review Test
Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation
1. What are typical features of a one-story ranch style house?
2. Sketch a one-story ranch style house.
3. What are typical features of a one-and-one-half-story style house?
4. Sketch a one-and-one-half-story style house.
5. What are typical features of a two-story style house?
6. Sketch a two-story style house.
7. What are typical features of a split-level style house?
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8. What are the three variations of a split-level style of house?
1.
2.
3.
9. Define traffic circulation.
10. For what should the floor plan with effective traffic circulation be planned?
11. Give three examples of efficient traffic circulation.
1.
2.
3.
12. Sketch a floor plan of a style of house that we have discussed, showing efficient
traffic circulation.
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Answers to Review Test
Styles of Houses and Traffic Circulation
1. What are typical features of a one-story ranch style house?
It is a single story structure. One-story homes (also called ranch and garden-level
homes) are generally defined as homes with all living areas and bedrooms on one
level (excluding basement). There are usually three bedrooms, a kitchen, 1 - 1½
baths, and a living room. There are many variations to the standard ranch. The roof
line on this style is usually a low angle gable, a hip style roof, or a flat roof.
2. Sketch a one-story ranch style house.
3. What are typical features of a one-and-one-half-story style house?
A one-and-one-half-story home is defined as having two levels, with at least one or
two bedrooms on the main level and the other bedrooms on the second level. The
high-pitched roof and dormers allow for the half-story finished area. The main rooms
such as the kitchen, living room, bath, and up to two bedrooms are found on the first
floor. Additional living area, usually bedrooms will be found in the upper area.
4. Sketch a one-and-one-half-story style house.
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5. What are typical features of a two-story style house?
A two-story home is similar to the one-and-one-half-story home and often has as
much, or more, living space on the 2nd level as on the 1st level. There may be living
space on the 2nd level over the garage, which accounts for more living space on the
2nd level. Many times when building space and lots are small, two-story homes are
used because you can get twice the size of house on the lot.
6. Sketch a two-story style house.
7. What are typical features of a split-level style house?
The split-level building style is similar to the two-story. It is used 90% of the time due
to the contours of the lot. It normally has living areas on two or more levels. The
story height of a Split Level residence is typically one story with an occasional 1½ to
up to three levels. The first level (intermediate level) is usually the kitchen, living and
dining; the 2nd level is for living areas; and, the top levels for bedrooms and bath.
8. What are the three variations of a split-level style of house?
Side-by-side is used with lots sloping from left to right. Front-to-back is for lots that
are high in the front and low in the back. Back-to-front is for lots that are low in the
front and high in the back.
9. Define traffic circulation.
The route people follow as they move from one area of the house to another.
10. For what should the floor plan with effective traffic circulation be planned?
The floor plan should be planned for maximum efficiency.
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11. Give three examples of efficient traffic circulation.
Following are examples of efficient traffic circulation - garage close to kitchen;
bedrooms and bathrooms close together; family areas close to a guest bathroom;
closets near the front door for storage of coats and sweaters; doors located so traffic
flow will be around furniture and not through conversation or work areas; efficient
flow between various levels of the home; stairs off central hallway; stairs near main
entry as convenient entry to next level; and stairs that do not require access through
another room.
12. Sketch a floor plan of a style of house that we have discussed, showing
efficient traffic circulation.
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