ANNUAL
REPORT
2014
Acting in the South
with the South
and for the South
CONTENTS
2014 IRD
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
06 The IRD around the world
12 International partnerships
19 Excellence in research
07 Editorial
16 Worldwide events
23 Preserving the environment
and its resources
08 Key figures for 2014 - IRD in brief
09 Highlights of 2014
30 Improving the health of populations
in the South
34 Understanding changes in developing
societies
THE AGENCE INTERÉTABLISSEMENTS
DE RECHERCHE POUR
LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
40 Mobilising, coordinating and leading
research for development
RESEARCH RESOURCES
APPENDICES
52 Human resources
62 IRD sites across the world
42 Research and training programmes
54 Social responsibility, an institutional
commitment
64 The research units
44 Capacity-building in the South
56 Financial resources
46 Promoting the results of research
58 The quality approach to research The Information System
48 Dissemination of knowledge
and communication
59 Platforms open to our partners
2014 IRD
S
04
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
2014 IRD
2014
IRD
06
The IRD around the world
07
Editorial
08
Key figures for 2014
IRD in brief
09
Highlights of 2014
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
05
2014 IRD
THE IRD AROUND THE WORLD
THE IRD AROUND
THE WORLD
EXPATRIATE, SECONDED,
LOCAL STAFF
Staff at 31/12/12
Source Personnel Department
IRD centre or office
1-9
10-18
20-28
31-50
91-130
staff
staff
staff
staff
staff
members members members members members
Other form of presence
1-9
10-18
staff
staff
members members
Centre in overseas territories
FRANCE
1 ,352 staff members
United States
TUNISIA
MOROCCO
Lebanon
Nepal
EGYPT
MEXICO
Haiti
MARTINIQUE
Colombia
FRENCH
GUIANA
ECUADOR
FRENCH
POLYNESIA
SENEGAL
Mali
THAILAND
Guinea
CÔTE D’IVOIRE
BENIN
CAMEROON
Uganda
KENYA
MADAGASCAR
BOLIVIA
REUNION
06
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
SOUTH AFRICA
Cambodia
Ethiopia
Seychelles
Comoros
BRAZIL
CHILE
LAOS
VIETNAM
BURKINA
FASO
Gabon
PERU
India
NIGER
Guadeloupe
INDONESIA
East Timor
Vanuatu
NEW
CALEDONIA
2014 IRD
EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL
IRD’S NEW GOVERNANCE
CONSOLIDATING ACHIEVEMENTS
AND RISING TO NEW CHALLENGES IN
RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
Jean-Paul Moatti,
Chairman & Executive Director
T
his progress report from the Institute looks back at 2014, the last year
under the responsibility of the previous governing body headed by
Professor Michel Laurent, to whom we owe a huge thank you for his
contribution to our organisation’s work, as Executive Director then
Chief Executive Officer. This report shows, if proof were necessary, that
IRD remains a significant contributor to scientific research in the Frenchspeaking world, and that it continues to be a strategic element in French
policy on development aid for countries of the South. The entire report
demonstrates that, through research excellence, IRD endeavours to rise
to the great challenges faced by these countries and the rest of the world:
environmental changes, biodiversity loss, rarefaction of soil and water
resources, vulnerability to natural risks, emergence of infectious diseases,
the growth in so-called "civilisation" diseases, and deepening economic
inequalities resulting in increasingly unacceptable social discrepancies in
terms of access to resources, education and the healthcare system.
Over the coming months, the Institute’s new governing body, set up after
my appointment as Chief Executive Officer by a Council of Ministers’ decree
on 11 March 2015, and my nomination of Jean-Marc Châtaigner as Deputy
Executive Director, will focus on preparing the new performance contract
for 2016-2020 in the best possible conditions.
To ensure that the drafting on the new performance contract is based on
cross-disciplinary scientific programming, I have tasked the Institute’s
Scientific Council, backed by all our scientific bodies and staff, with
reflection work ahead of a report on the current scientific situation and
outlook, to be submitted to me this autumn. That report should help make
sure that research for development and scientific partnerships with the
South are better integrated in the ten social challenges that now form the
priority focus areas for research in France, in accordance with the European
Union programme, Horizon 2020, and the national research strategy
currently being drafted.
The report will be of major importance when it comes to drafting IRD’s
2015-2030 strategic plan, which will be finalised by the end of this year,
with support and advice from a strategic policy committee made up of
high-ranking personalities from the world of science and development,
who have agreed to help us with this. The 2015-2030 strategic plan will set
out the medium and long-term prospects and define a framework for the
shorter-term discussions on our new performance contract.
Following the abolition of the former AIRD (inter-institutional research
agency for development), the consequences of which are described in
this report, it seems clear to me that one of the main challenges in our
strategic plan will be defining how IRD can position itself as a key player
in the outreach to the South by the five alliances (AllEnvi, Allistene, Ancre,
Athéna and Aviesan) that now form a framework for the pooling of French
public research.
Another important aspect will be better rooting IRD’s activities within
scientific diplomacy work serving our country and the French-speaking
world as a whole. This implies the promotion of cross-disciplinary work
to address the main challenges of the developing world, efforts to build
research and innovation capacities for our partners in the South, and
greater responsiveness to the environmental, geopolitical or healthrelated crises that regularly affect these parts of the world. 2015 will
bring us numerous opportunities to demonstrate that science can help
reconcile the various "agendas" that reign over the complexity of NorthSouth relations in a depolarised world: the agenda on wealth distribution
worldwide, at the heart of the Third International Conference on Financing
for Development to be held in Addis Ababa in July under the auspices of
the United Nations; the agenda for the reconciliation of economic growth
and respect for ecological, social and cultural balances which will inspire
the launch of the post-2015 sustainable development objectives at a United
Nations summit in New York in September; and finally, the climate change
agenda, negotiations over which will culminate with the 21st Conference of
the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention (COP21) in Paris
in December. Following on from the commitment made by the Institute’s
researchers to their Peruvian partners at the previous conference (COP 20)
in Lima, the details of which are included in this report, IRD will work
closely with other French public research organisations and universities
to try and show how the excellence of its research partnership approach
may enlighten certain decision-making processes concerned with these
global issues.
Preparation of the next performance contract also means we now need to
speed up the modernisation of IRD’s management, with the aim of making
more efficient use of our budgets for research, consolidating our scientific
partnership arrangements with countries of the South, making progress
in terms of parity and the employment of people with disabilities, and
increasing our attractiveness among young researchers.
In short, 2015 and the years to come are brimming with potential for IRD,
but we will need to apply ourselves and remain entirely rigorous in our
work.
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
07
2014 IRD
KEY FIGURES FOR 2014 - IRD IN BRIEF
KEY FIGURES
FOR 2014
THE IRD STAFF
RESEARCH
2.221
56
including 835 researchers,
935 engineers and technicians
and 451 local staff
consortiums
and 7 observatories
STAFF MEMBERS
39%
OF STAFF MEMBERS OUTSIDE
MAINLAND FRANCE
RESEARCH
3.682
SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONS
in 2013
CAPACITY BUILDING
185
BURSARIES
allocated to scientists,
including dont 147 for theses
42
NEW TEAMS
supported in the South
08
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
INNOVATION
116
PATENTS HELD
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
€237M
OF BUDGET
46%
€34.4M
with Southern countries
from conventions
and approved products
CO-AUTHORED
REVENUE
IRD
IN BRIEF
I
RD is a research organisation unlike any other in
the field of European research for development.
It is a French public scientific and technological
institution operating under the joint authority of
the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research
and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. IRD endeavours to
meet major development challenges by undertaking
research, training, and innovation activities in the
South, for the South, and with the South, with an
on-going focus on sharing knowledge and pooling
resources and skills.
From its headquarters in Marseille and its two
centres in metropolitan France (B ondy and
Montpellier), it operates in nearly 90 countries in
Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, Asia and
France’s tropical overseas territories. Based on an
interdisciplinary approach, the projects carried out with
its partners address issues of crucial importance for the
countries of the South: tropical diseases and diseases
of civilisation, food security, climate change, water
resources, biodiversity, the development of societies,
social inequality and vulnerability, migration, etc.
2014 IRD
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2014
HIGHLIGHTS
OF 2014
JANUARY/FEBRUARY/MARCH
Lengguru expedition/West Papua
APRIL/MAY/JUNE
IRD celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the Niakhar population and
health observatory in Senegal
Presentation of the expert group review on the development of Lake
Chad at N’Djamena
Inauguration of the Cambodian regional platform for research into
transmissible and emerging infectious diseases in Southeast Asia
Review of the European Smiling project on micronutrient deficiencies,
held in Vietnam
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny welcomed the new IRD representation
from Côte d’Ivoire
Inauguration in Marseille of the CVT "Valorisation Sud" head office (Cirad,
Institut Pasteur, IRD)
7th international HIV/hepatitis conference for Francophones (AFRAVIH)
in Montpellier
International forum on "Restoring soil productivity to benefit populations
in Haiti"
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER/DECEMBER
The Bond’Innov incubator organised its second "North/South innovative
Study into infectious
diseases in Southeast
Asia
entrepreneurship event"
IRD mobilised for action against Ebola, with nine new research
programmes
IRD took part in the 20th Conference of the parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
Lenggurru 2014 expedition in West Papua, the largest ever undertaken
in Indonesia
Ebola epidemic/Guinea
Drought in the
Maasai region/
Tanzania
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
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WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
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IRD ANNUAL
ANNUALREPORT
REPORT2014
2014
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
WORKING IN
PARTNERSHIP
12
International partnerships
IRD is active in nearly 50 counties in the South.
Through its network of 29 representative bodies, it
forms and leads close partnerships with the scientific,
university and academic communities in the South.
16
Worldwide events
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
11
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS
Inauguration of the IRD
Representation (Côte
d’Ivoire)
Tool of the French scientific diplomacy, the IRD's
network creates long-lasting links with Southern
countries.
In the Mediterranean
Traditional
agriculture in
the High Atlas/
Morocco
12
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
The Mediterranean region has long been a priority for IRD. As part of
a reinforced partnership based on various set-ups, such as the ICLs
(International Combined Laboratories), the JEAI (young teams affiliated with
the IRD), the observatories and the shared platforms, IRD is running joint
programmes focused on the main issues in this region: water management,
land use, heritage, urbanisation, pollution in coastal areas and urban
governance.
In 2014, several important events strengthened the partnership in the
Mediterranean.
In Morocco, the Fes Euro-Mediterranean University is now a partner of
the ICL MédiTer ("Terroirs méditerranéens: environnement, patrimoine
et développement” or Mediterranean regions: environment, heritage and
development), alongside Cadi Ayyad University in Marrakech, Mohammed V
University in Rabat and the Insap (National Institute of Archaeological
Sciences and Heritage). A partnership was also formed with the International
University of Rabat as part of the programme entitled "Migration and
religions: social and cultural organisation of African migration in Morocco".
In Algeria, IRD signed an inter-establishment agreement with the national
centre for applied research in earthquake engineering.
The Tunisian ministry of higher education, scientific research, and
information and communication technologies and IRD joined up to
form the ICL Cosys-Med ("Contaminants and ecosystems in the southern
Mediterranean”) within the framework of a partnership agreement signed
in the presence of the French Minister of Higher Education and Research,
Najat Vallaud-Belkacem.
In West and Central Africa
West and Central Africa remains the central area for work by IRD, in line with
French cooperation strategy. The economy in this region has a growth rate of
5% and remains very vibrant, developing constantly. There are strong public
policies in support of research and higher education. However, the region
experienced a number of crises in 2014, including the unprecedented Ebola
epidemic which spread from Guinea, Sierra Leon and Liberia to threaten
the whole region. There was also the security crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The research programmes address several major themes: climate change
and its impacts, sustainable biodiversity management, forests and marine
resources, water management, infectious and emerging diseases, food safety,
maternal and child health, and safeguarding heritage. Several of these programmes lead to the development of modelling tools.
There were some major partnership events, such as the relaunch of activities
in Côte d’Ivoire after they were suspended a decade ago. This was confirmed
with the signature of four framework agreements with two universities and
two research institutes, and the reopening of IRD’s representative body in a
building on the campus of the University of Féli Houphouët Boigny, provided
by the Côte d’Ivoire Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
In Mali, IRD supported the restructuring and decentralisation of the higher
education system with the signature of five new framework agreements with
the universities. It stepped up its knowledge dissemination and promotion
activities with the co-publication of books and the organisation of several
scientific events.
In Guinea, IRD helped local institutions with the development of study on the
after-effects on Ebola, entitled "Living with Ebola: Assessment and support
for patients deemed to be cured of Ebola virus infection in Guinea".
In Senegal, partnerships with local institutions were strengthened with the
International conference on the management of fishing and the marine environment, held at the end of the year.
In Benin, the partnership with academic, hospital and scientific institutions
was bolstered with the Health Ministry’s provision of a shared site at Abomey
Calavi. Instead of being scattered across the country, all IRD’s research teams
will be able to come together here to pool resources with their partners and
lead research into strategies for the integrated fight against malaria and other
vector-borne diseases. First and foremost, the initial clinical trials of the
vaccine candidate against placental malaria were developed.
In Burkina Faso, the official launch of the ICL Patho-Bios1 on 31 January
strengthened the partnership with Inera (Environment and Agricultural
Research Institute).
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
The framework agreement signed with the Pasteur Centre in Cameroon led
to the set-up of a malaria research laboratory.
In Chad, the expertise group review of the conservation and development of
Lake Chad, commissioned by the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) and
funded by the French Global Environment Facility (FGEF), was presented
to political decision-makers and a wider audience.
Last but not least, the launch of the ISM (Sahel-Maghreb Initiative) was a
key inter-regional event. At the end of 2013, IRD organised a round table on
the Europe-Mediterranean-Africa axis. At the end of these discussions, the
Minister of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Executive Training in
Morocco, the Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research in Mali
and the special representative of the European Union for Sahel and the
president of IRD restated their commitment to far-reaching joint action to the
benefit of the Sahel-Maghreb region. In May 2014, this declaration resulted
in the launch of the ISM, with the signature of the declaration of intent for
the promotion of the ISM by the first nine sponsors2.
In Southern Africa, East Africa and the Indian Ocean
The Southern Africa, East Africa and Indian Ocean region includes some
very different countries and La Réunion, where IRD is involved in various
partnerships on the theme of climate change, sustainable development,
food safety, emerging diseases, biodiversity management, conservation
and promotion of heritage and resources, migrations, poverty and access
to water.
IRD signed its first institutional agreement with the University of Addis
Ababa in Ethiopia and renewed its scientific cooperation agreement with
the Kenyan government. In addition, a framework agreement was signed
between IRD and the Indian Ocean Commission for the set-up of the G2OI
(Indian Ocean integrated observatory). The purpose of this cross-institutional initiative is to coordinate research actions and pool research
platforms at regional level.
Significant scientific cooperation has also been initiated with Mozambique,
through two new programmes. Mozar, working together with La Réunion,
deals with infectious diseases presenting a risk of epidemic. Mozalink
works with Kenya, Madagascar and La Réunion to forge links between
Observatoire des agents phytopathogènes en Afrique de l’Ouest (Observatory for Phytopathogenic
Agents in West Africa).
2
Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niger; National Department for Higher Education and Scientific
Research, Mali; African Union; Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation in Chad; National
Centre for Scientific Research, Mali; Observatory for the Sahara and Sahel; Conference of University
Presidents, France; Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), France, the Ministry of Higher
Education and Executive Training in Morocco.
1
marine sciences, traditional knowledge and cultural perceptions in the
Mozambique Channel. Several European programmes (European regional
development fund, European agricultural fund for rural development,
European maritime and fisheries fund) in which IRD is heavily involved
were implemented in La Réunion.
IRD also played a key role in the dialogue between Europe and Africa, especially in the field of science and innovation, with its participation in the
European Union’s institutional programmes such as ERAfrica, Caastnet+
and Rinea, from South Africa.
The year was marked by a number of pan-African scientific meetings,
co-organised by IRD. For example, in Tanzania the colloquium on
"Contemporary Evolution of African Floodplains and Deltas", in Kenya,
the conference on "Slavery in Africa: Past, Legacies and Present and in
Madagascar, Agroecology and Sustainability of Tropical Rainfed Cropping
Systems”. At the end of the year, the Johannesburg conference on "Climate
change in Africa, converging views on the outcome of research, public
policies and key initiatives” marked the start of IRD’s participation in events
in the run-up to Cop 21.
Schoolchildren/Cambodia
In Asia
Despite sustained economic growth and significant progress in the fields
of health and education, the region remains characterised by considerable
development inequalities across the continent and within each country.
These transitional societies, subject to strong anthropogenic pressures and
vulnerable to climate change, are still exposed to many natural, social and
health risks. Changing land use, intensification of production systems,
pressure on coastal ecosystems, intensive deforestation, urbanisation,
the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases and diseases of
civilisation, reduction in inequalities, and governance are all challenges
for development in this region and are the focus of IRD’s work.
In Laos, IRD and Institut Pasteur introduced new, joint research programmes into malaria.
In Cambodia, an institutional agreement was signed with the Ministry
of Education, Youth and Sport. In the same country, IRD, in partnership
with the Cambodian Royal University of Fine Art, the National Institute of
Oriental Languages and Civilisations (Inalco), the University Agency for
Francophonie (AUF) and CNRS founded an international French-language
master’ programme in social sciences, following the introduction of the
summer university three years ago.
Anopheles gambiae
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
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WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
In Vietnam, IRD and the French Embassy joined up to fund two research
programmes managed by IRD and designed to support the information
technologies and sciences, communications and oceanography departments at the University of Science and Technology in Hanoi.
A number of important events also marked the year, such as the Legguru
scientific expedition, the largest ever undertaken in Indonesia.
The European project entitled Smiling (Prevention of Micronutrient
Deficiencies in South-East Asia), coordinated by IRD in five countries in the
region, presented its results to a large audience of scientists, international
organisations, NGOs and political decision-makers at its general meeting
in Phnom Penh.
The ICL Rice (Rice Functional Genomic and Plant Biotechnology) also
received a positive evaluation.
In Laos, the "Pharmacology" project, which aims to list, conserve and
promote biodiversity for applications in healthcare, started off with the
assignment of an IRD researcher from the UMR PharmaDev and the set-up
of a laboratory analysing natural substances within the Pharmacy faculty
at the Vientiane university of health sciences.
Smiling nutrition
project/Vietnam
In Latin America and the Caribbean
Visit of the IRD Centre by
Najat Vallaud-Belkacem/
French Guiana
14
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Latin America continues to grow and develop, but it is still subject to substantial regional and national differences. Strong public policies benefiting
higher education and research have been introduced and consolidated in
Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Mexico and Bolivia.
IRD and its partners continued to work together on the key issues of climate
change and its impacts, natural risks, sustainable management of natural
resources and biodiversity, public policies on the fight against poverty,
and urban risks.
In Ecuador, the research and training partnership with the National
Secretariat for Research and Technology, several universities and the public
company Petroecuador concerning the main environmental health issues,
telluric risks and global changes were strengthened.
IRD joined up with the national network of local development agencies in
Colombia and Colombia’s national university via two inter-establishment
agreements.
In Peru, an agreement was signed with the National Institute of Neoplastic
Diseases for a study into liver cancer, taking into account the clinical and
epidemiological specificities in this region. New research agreements were
also formed with the National University of San Marcos in Lima (genetics
of Amazon palm trees) and the National Water Board.
In Bolivia, the institutional agreement with the university of San Adrés
in La Paz was renewed.
The visit of the IRD Centre in Cayenne by French minister for education
Najat Vallaud-Belkacem was also marked by the signature of a framework
agreement between the university of Guyane and IRD.
At the end of 2014, Haiti and France signed an agreement for the
installation of a satellite image reception platform to monitor the
environment in Haiti and the Caribbean. This project is backed by Haiti
State University.
Finally, we ought to underline the launch of a third call for projects for
the Guyamazon project for cooperation between French Guiana and a
number of Amazonian states in Brazil.
COP20 (Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change) held in Lima was one of the highlights
in the region in 2014.
A number of other key events took place during the year, such as the
implementation of co-evaluation of the Discoh and Lavi ICLs in Peru.
These actions helped consolidate the links with partner universities
and organisations, and saw the recognition of these instruments by the
Brazilian government. A new ICL was launched in Mexico, the ICL Meso
(Mobility, governance and resources in the Mesoamerican basin).
Finally, IRD co-organised several sizeable scientific colloquiums focused
on cross-border lake observatories (La Paz, Bolivia), maritime sciences
(Lima, Peru), the condition and future of the world’s big rivers (Manaus,
Brazil) and pesticides (Martinique).
In the Pacific
The Pacific Ocean and its islands provide a unique laboratory when it comes
to addressing some unusual scientific issues and developing methodologies
applicable in other regions.
The combination of biological, physical and human factors operating
within these small territories, with little protection against external
aggression, demonstrates the impact of climate change on environments
and on human populations faster than in other regions.
IRD has two centres in Oceania, one in Nouméa and the other in
Papeete. There are 121 people working here, the highest concentration
of French-speaking researchers in the region, with strategic potential for
France and Europe and forming a first-rate scientific presence.
2014 was marked by a high number of institutional events.
The seismic surveillance network ORSNET, originally based in
New Caledonia and Vanuatu, expanded to include 65 stations based in
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS
5 Pacific island countries (the Salomon islands, Papua New Guinea, the
Belém in September to issue recommendations on how to improve bilateral
Fiji island, the Tonga island and the Samoa islands).
In New Caledonia, IRD, BRGM, CNRS, Ifremer, the Institut Pasteur, the
UNC (University of New Caledonia) and the New Caledonian Agronomics
Institute joined together to form the Caledonian research, higher education
and innovation consortium (Cresica).
IRD and Adecal (New Caledonia Economic Development Agency)
launched the first incubator of non-specialist businesses and the first
two projects were nurtured, one on micro-algae and the other on natural colorants. A representative from the Valorisation Sud consortium
moved to Nouméa at the end of the year, under joint supervision of the
University of New Caledonia and IRD.
An expertise group review on deep mineral resources was launched in
French Polynesia.
Another highlight in 2014 was the second Oceania meeting on sustainable
development.
Finally, the oceanographic campaigns on-board Alis and scientific
expeditions such as Madeep and Kavieng in Papua New Guinea, in liaison
with the French Natural History Museum, were also high points in IRD’s
activity in the Pacific this year.
cooperation with regard to intellectual property and technology transfer
issues.
In Europe
After the satisfactory outcome of the Seventh Framework Programme for
Research and Development (FP7) in 2014, with more than €22 million
granted, 79 projects, including 12 coordinated over 7 years, IRD began
work on the first calls for Horizon 2020 (H2020). The results are promising:
11 projects funded for the 2014 call, most notably with a joint research
project on the Ebola virus epidemic and a European and African network
in the field of information and communication technologies to prepare
West Africa for the development of a computer network linking research
institutes, both coordinated by IRD.
IRD researchers also benefited from support for the launch of H2020.
Awareness-raising among research team and theme-based watch activities
led to 35 projects being prepared. In addition, information and training
days on Horizon 2020 were organised for partners in Thailand, Cambodia,
Uruguay, Peru and Bolivia.
To have greater influence on the programming of European aid for development and to position research as a factor in development, IRD initiated
meetings with France’s permanent representation of France to the EU.
As part of B.BICE+, a bilateral cooperation project with Brazil, 189 representatives from European and Brazilian stakeholders in innovation met in
In Mainland France
2014 saw the introduction of the first ComUE (communities of universities
and establishments), created as part of the law on higher education and
research of July 2013. The ComUEs are one of a number of instruments
provided for by the law on the regional coordination of training offers and
the strategy on research and transfer in universities and organisations
present locally. One of their overall aims is to continue the work of the PRES
(research and teaching units). Given IRD’s regional presence in mainland
France and the interest shown in the South by these projects, the Institute
became a founding member of three ComUEs: Sorbonne Universités (SU),
Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC) and Languedoc Roussillon Université (LRU). In 2015, it will become a founding member of the Université
Bretagne Loire. In addition, IRD is an associate member of the Toulouse
Midi-Pyrénées Federal University and associate member of the Université
Grenoble Alpes.
The first meetings of the ComUE and USPC helped define the coordinated
strategies for partnership actions in the South, especially Africa and Latin
America.
In 2014, representation of IRD’s France-Nord Centre increased substantially
and diversified its partnership in the South with various actions run in
liaison with local authorities and the main research and higher education organisations in Ile-de-France. The Bond’Innov business incubator
continued its growth in partnership with the town of Bondy, Est Ensemble,
Seine-Saint-Denis and Biocitech. Its sound partnership with IRD led to
the organisation of the "Second meeting on North and South innovative entrepreneurship", bringing together more than 180 people concerned with
innovation and the South.
IRD’s France-Sud representation took part in scientific and training
partnership activities with the South, and in the research and teaching
strategy of the five regions in which its teams are based. It covers three
ComUE and a number of instruments that were awardees of the future
investment programmes (2 Idex, 11 Labex, 4 Equipex, one SATT, etc.), in
addition to foundations (especially Agropolis-Fondation), and scientific
interest groups (such as EnviRhônAlp). The representation contributes to
transfer and economic application activities.
Marquesas
Islands
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
15
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
WORLDWIDE EVENTS
WORLDWIDE
EVENTS
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
53 staff members1 • 6,000 days of scientific missionss • 210 co-publications2
Creation of the ICL Cosys-Med
The international combined laboratory Cosys-Med brings together French
and Tunisian laboratories. Their main goal is to analyse and understand
the response of living organisms to pressure from organic and inorganic
contaminants of human origin.
For more information: www.cosysmed.com
Dug-out canoes/
Mozambique
IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
269 staff members • 15,000 days of scientific missions • 290 co-publications
Creation of the ICL Patho-Bios
The ICL Patho-Bios "Observatory for phytopathogenic agents in West
Africa" is based in Burkina Faso and studies the main diseases affecting
rice (viruses, nematodes and bacteria).
For more information: http://patho-bios.com/presentation
Niakhar celebrates its fiftieth anniversary
The Niakhar population and health observatory in Senegal celebrated its
fiftieth anniversary. The observatory has seen a rich scientific and human
history and, for more than two generations, has enabled observations
into health, demographics, economics, society and the environment.
Ebola epidemic: IRD researchers in action
Several research projects were launched as part of the French response
to the epidemic, coordinated by the National Alliance for Life Sciences
and health (Aviesan) and Inserm's microbiology and infectious diseases
institute.
IN SOUTHERN AFRICA, EAST AFRICA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN
67 staff members • 7,100 days of scientific missions • 160 co-publications
A move towards an integrated observatory for the
Indian Ocean
IRD and the Indian Ocean Commission signed an agreement for the
set-up of a scientific observatory similar to the South Pacific Integrated
Observatory. This new organisation will focus on terrestrial and marine
environments and run research, training and assessment activities under
cooperation arrangements.
The future of the African deltas in the balance
The deltas and flood plains, deemed to be among the most productive
ecosystems in the world, are the site of multiple economic activities
depending on the flood seasons. They are subject to rapid change. In
Tanzania, participants in the conference on "Contemporary Evolution of
African Floodplains and Deltas” analysed and compared the evolution of
several African deltas and explored potential future scenarios.
Cap Bon/Tunisia
1
2
16
On 31/12/2014.
2013 Web of science data, IRD documents.
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Demographic
survey, Niakhar/
Senegal
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
WORLDWIDE EVENTS
COP 20 in Lima/Peru
IN ASIA
94 staff members • 8,500 days of scientific missions • 263 co-publications
IRD's oceanographic research ship at work in
Vietnam
The Alis carried out two research campaigns in the Mekong and Red
River plumes, to define and validate new coastal water quality mapping
methods using optical satellite images.
Review of the European Smiling project
The results of the European Smiling (Sustainable Micronutrient
Interventions to controL deficiencies and Improved Nutritional status and
General health in Asia) project were presented in Phnom Penh. Funded
by the European Commission and implemented by IRD since 2012,
this cooperation project set out to define effective strategies to prevent
vitamin and mineral deficiencies among women and young children in
Southeast Asia. The conference helped raise awareness among public
powers and stakeholders in the health sector, so that they could integrate
the project's results into nutrition and public health policies to help the
most vulnerable populations.
For more information: http://www.nutrition-smiling.eu
Campaign on-board the Alis in
Halong bay /Vietnam
Study into micro-algae/
New Caledonia
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN
119 staff members • 14,000 days of scientific missions • 312 co-publications
Climate change under the microscope in Lima
COP20 brought together 14,000 people from 195 countries representing
states, international institutions and civil society. IRD was heavily
involved with its Peruvian partners. Its researchers took part in 24 side
events. An exhibition (Rivers, Climates and Humans) and a book (Peru
and Climate Change) enjoyed wide exposure at the event.
Creation of the ICL Meso
This international combined laboratory is a regional research platform
for Central America (Mexico, Cuba and Haiti) and is backed by the UMR
URMIS. Its role is to understand the impact of intensive circulation (of
products and goods, individuals, ideas, knowledge, symbolic practices,
rules and standards) in Central America on power relations and the forms
of governance of spaces and resources, especially in terms of public
policies in the region.
IN THE PACIFIC
107 staff members • 4 co-publications
IRD, a founding member of CRESICA
CRESICA (Caledonian research, higher education and innovation consortium) is a body for reflection and cooperation bringing together the University of New Caledonia, IRD, the New Caledonian Agronomics Institute,
Ifremer, the Institut Pasteur, BRGM, CNRS and Cirad. Its purpose is to
strengthen inter-establishment partnerships, improve the integration of
research into public territorial policies, federate the different stakeholders
around large-scale joint projects of special interest for New Caledonia,
and pool resources to acquire equipment.
Oceania 21, the second sustainable development
summit
The South Pacific Commission and IRD played host to the Oceania summit on sustainable development, bringing together heads of state and
representatives from 15 nations and a number of experts. The themes
dealt with included conservation of the oceans, renewable energies and
conservation of resources.
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
17
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
18
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
EXCELLENCE
IN RESEARCH
23
Preserving the environment
and its resources
30
Improving the health of populations
in the South countries
34
Understanding changes in
developing societies
IRD heads regional inter- and cross-disciplinary research projects in
the three main research fields of health, societies, and environment
and resources. Thus, alongside its partners from the South,
it endeavours to rise to the major challenges for sustainable
development posed by climate change, the erosion of biodiversity,
threatened food security, the emergence of infectious diseases,
and the intensification and increasing complexity of globalisation.
Understanding the effects of these planetary changes, the
adaptation of societies to their impact, and the attenuation of their
consequences are major research challenges and core issues for
countries of the global South.
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
19
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
Interdisciplinary research to respond to the
challenges faced by countries of the South
With the goal of running research projects built jointly with countries of
the South, IRD invites partner institutions to contribute to its scientific
programming, most notably through ICLs (international combined
laboratories) and PPRs (regional pilot programmes). Based on shared
North-South coordination, these vehicles for scientific cooperation aim
to structure research capacities in the South and encourage North-South
and South-South partnerships.
The PPRs are a framework for scientific coordination and activities on an
equal North-South footing, mobilising and organising a network comprising
a wide range of scientific teams with the aim of exploring major research
questions according to a regional, multidisciplinary approach. They aim
for greater involvement of partners in the South in setting up, managing,
and steering programmes, strengthening the impact of research carried
out on public policies, supporting training and innovation, and creating
a favourable context for obtaining co-funding for research in the countries
of the South.
In 2014, two new PPRs were awarded the IRD label:
• PPR SEAO: children's health in West Africa;
• PPR Cute: integrated study into the dynamic interactions between the
components of coast systems and upwelling, to ensure the sustainability
of these ecosystems and human activity.
Rice genetics (LMI Rice)/Vietnam
20
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
These new PPRs come in addition to the programmes launched in 2011 and
2012. They make for a total of eight PPRs covering the priority themes in
the IRD's 2011-2015 performance contract: biodiversity, global changes, and
health in central African tropical rain-forests (FTH); rural communities,
the environment, and the climate in West Africa (SREC); environmental
dynamics, resources, and societies in Amazonia (AMAZ), heritage, resources,
and governance in Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean
(PAREGO); public policies, communities, and globalisation in Sub-Saharan
Africa (POLMAF); soils, water, coastal areas, and communities faced with
risks in South and Southeast Asia (SELTAR).
Launched in 2008, the ICLs are research bodies set up under joint NorthSouth management and housed in the premises of a partner(s) from the
South. They are based on a long-term commitment and promote the
development of research, training and innovation activities based on
joint projects using shared platforms (laboratories, equipment, computer,
document and other resources).
In 2014, two new ICLs, the outcome of the 2013 call for projects, were
launched:
• C osys-Med: contaminants and ecosystems in the southern
Mediterranean (Sfax and Bizerte, Tunisia);
• Meso: mobilities, governance and resources in the Mesoamerican basin
(Mexico City, Mexico, San José and Costa Rica).
In addition, on the basis of evaluations carried out by North-South expert
committees and completed by the opinions of IRD's Scientific Council, four
ICLs created in 2009 and assessed in 2013 were renewed for a further five
years:
• Icemasa: International Centre for Education, Marine and Atmospheric
Sciences over Africa (South Africa, Cape Town);
• Cefirse, the French-Indian Water Sciences Research Unit (India,
Bangalore);
• Paleotrace, Tropical Paleo-climatology: markers and variabilities
(Brazil, Rio);
• OCE, the Observatory for environmental changes (Brazil, Brasilia).
A new joint evaluation session was completed in 2014, covering the three
ICLs created in 2010:
• Discoh: Dynamics of the Humboldt Current System (Lima, Peru);
• Rice: Rice Functional Genomics and Plant Biotechnology (Hanoi,
Vietnam);
• Lavi: Ando-Amazonian laboratory of living chemistry (Lima, Peru).
These evaluations led to the renewal of the ICLs' activity for a second period.
LENGGURU 2014
The Lengguru 2014 inter-disciplinary expedition
included surveys of the biodiversity of the Papuan
karsts for greater understanding of the genealogy
of local species. For six weeks, IRD researchers and
their Indonesian and European colleagues explored
the Lengguru massif to collect data on three types
of environment: marine, land and underground. The
expedition brought together ichthyologists, botanists,
ornithologists, herpetologists; entomologists, marine
biologists, hydrologists and so on. Hundreds of
specimens were collected, between 100 metres below
sea level to 1,400 metres altitude. They are witness to
the exceptional biodiversity of the local ecosystems.
Going beyond the scientific aspects of the expedition,
this programme aims to develop a sustainable,
responsible partnership between IRD and the
founding Indonesian institutions.
For more information:
www.lengguru.org
Speleologists in the field/
West Papua
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
46%
OF JOINT PUBLICATIONS
WITH SOUTHERN PARTNERS
INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS
BETWEEN 2006 AND 2013
4,000
Publications: high visibility for IRD
IRD's scientific output within the UMRs amounts to more than 3,650 articles.
Looking at Web of Science, 2,225 publications mention IRD in their affiliates.
This number has tripled over the past ten years with growth exceeding the
French average (growth of 40%). The number of articles published by IRD
researchers has increased by approximately 3% and reached 1,476 references
in the Web of Science1 . This represents a 40% increase since 2006.
The publications enjoy high visibility: 54% of these articles are featured in
high-impact journals in their category2 and more than 16% in journals of
excellence. Every researcher contributes an average of two publications.
The rate of joint publications with countries of the South has now reached
46%. This indicator remains above the average recorded since 2006 and the
number of publications made jointly with countries of the South has doubled
over a ten-year period.
Year-on-year growth is significant for North Africa and the Middle East, and
strong for the Asia-Pacific zone. However, it has stabilised in Latin America
and West and Central Africa. These joint publications with the South mainly
concern Brazil, Tunisia, Cameroon, Senegal and South Africa.
In social sciences, IRD researchers have published 271 articles, 59 books
and 212 book chapters identified in the Horizon database3. A new indicator specific to these disciplines was established in 2011 for the performance
contract. It draws on a reference system built using AERES lists. A hundred
and thirty-three articles fall within this reference system, i.e. around half of
the articles produced.
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
Soledad village in
Amazonia/Peru
1,000
500
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
JOINT PUBLICATIONS WITH THE SOUTH IN MAJOR
REGIONS IN 2013.
250
200
150
100
50
0
East Africa,
Southern
Africa, Indian
Ocean
1
2
3
2013 data.
Subject categories of Web of Science.
IRD documentary resource database.
West
and Central
Africa
Mediterranean
Latin
America
Asia,
Pacific
Publications with an IRD author
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
21
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
Ethical issues at the heart of partnerships
Research ethics and professional conduct are key values for the Institute,
with regards to other national research institutions and to partners from
the South. The role of the ethics and professional conduct advisory board
(or the CCDE) is to encourage thinking on research ethics within IRD, taking
into account its specific nature.
The board issued opinions on request from researchers, mainly with
regard to research protocols in the biomedical field. It invited directors
from various research departments to diversify the scientific fields involved
in the opinions requested from the CCDE.
The board conducted a series of hearings, to discuss various questions
and especially those raised by joint publications with partners from the
South, the future of population observatories, and the ethical aspects of
the research carried out with partners. These hearings tightened the links
with the French national commission for the UNESCO, the committees of
other research organisations such as Inserm and Cirad and the national
ethics committee.
During the sessions, the members of the CCDE presented the organisation of ethics in their home countries: Laos, Brazil, Niger, Switzerland and
Belgium.
The board also initiated the organisation of a colloquium on research ethics
in Laos, to be held in late 2015.
Team work
on nutrition /
Vietnam
22
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Meeting Papuan guides, Lengguru
expedition/West Papua
THE EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC OUTPUT
The evaluation of scientific output is based on a set of rules and procedures inspired by the requirements of
impartiality, integrity and fairness.
The French High Council for the evaluation of research and higher education (HCERES), founded in 2014,
is responsible for assessing institutions and their research units, and validating the procedures applied
by internal assessment organisations within institutions to assess individual researchers and to "take into
account [...] all the tasks appointed to them by law and their specific articles". Peer assessment is one
of its underlying principles. It mainly concerns research staff (two-yearly assessment of the Institute's
800 researchers, promotion researcher recruitment, and examination of engineers' and technicians' activity).
The Institute's scientific assessment bodies (four sector-based scientific commissions, or CSSs, and two
commissions for the management and application of research, or CGRAs, totalling 150 members) were thus
convened to twelve plenary sessions and eight application boards called to oversee competitive recruitment
programmes. Most notably, their work concerned the two-yearly assessment of 430 researchers, through the
assessment of their level of activity, their research, training and innovation output and the involvement of
partners from the South in this.
In its role as the Institute's body for reflection and proposals in the area of scientific policy, the Scientific
Council was called three times. In addition to the regulatory notices provided for in the texts, the Council
issued four general opinions on international combined laboratories (ICLs), guidelines for expatriation, the
competitive recruitment of researchers and the European positioning of the Institute.
1
PROTECTING THE
ENVIRONMENT AND
ITS RESOURCES
Volumes 2 and 3 of the fifth report from the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (GIEC), published in 2014, clearly
demonstrate the impacts of human activity on the climatic
system and list the effects of current climate change on
natural and anthropogenic systems. These conclusions are
based on a growing body of scientific work. The research
carried out by IRD's teams help understand the mechanisms
behind these changes, measure the consequences and put
forward policies aimed at better anticipating these changes
and attenuating the effects.
24
25
26
27
28
29
Ocean and climate: new approaches
Earthquakes and landslides
Sustainable management of agro-ecosystems: a participative approach
Coral fish: multifaceted threats
Land use: a move towards sustainable agricultural practices
When human action goes against natural dynamics
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
23
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
OCEAN AND CLIMATE:
NEW APPROACHES
Characterising climate risks, especially in terms of extreme events,
is essential when it comes to anticipating the measures to be taken in
the short and medium term. A real qualitative leap compared to previous
methods has been enabled thanks to spatial approaches used to measure
the salinity of seawater and modelling at various scales.
SMOS satellite
CONTACT
Christophe Maes - Ocean Physics Laboratory – LPO
(CNRS/Ifremer/IRD/University of West Brittany)
christophe.maes@ird.fr
Resource: Surveys in Geophysics
T
he SMOS1 and Aquarius satellite missions, the former launched at
the end of 2009 by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the latter
in 2011 by NASA and the Argentinian space agency, have made it
possible to accurately measure the salinity of the oceans. This data is
essential in understanding the global ocean/atmosphere/continental system.
In fact, the salinity of seawater is an indicator of the presence of an ocean
layer known as the "salt stratified barrier layer", located several dozen metres
below the water's surface. This is characteristic of the tropical West Pacific
and influences exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere, playing
a major role in the onset of El Niño and global climatic variability.
Satellites observe the evolution of salinity in surface water, depending
on precipitation over oceans or the estuaries of the big rivers, such as the
Amazon or Orinoco. The satellite data is used to track freshwater plumes
over long distances, which in situ measurements could not do reliably.
Researchers have demonstrated that these variations in salinity and surface
temperature, due to the periodical inflow of freshwater, had an impact
on ocean/atmosphere exchanges and, as such, on the perpetuation and
intensification of tropical cyclones.
24
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
These innovative ways of measuring salinity, paired with data on surface
temperatures, and the level of oceans and currents, can be used to develop
understanding and more accurately model the role of ocean salinity on the
evolution and intensity of the global water cycle. By enhancing the ocean
dynamics forecasting and surveillance system, they enable the study of more
extreme climatic phenomena such as cyclones. Anticipating the risks related
to these events is a sizeable economic and social challenge for populations
in countries of the South.
1
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity.
BENIN
Partner
CASIMIR DA ALLADA
Post-doctoral researcher at the Ocean
Physics Laboratory.
"I work with IRD researchers and others from my
own country, Benin, within the framework of a
research project based on the combined use of in
situ observations and satellite measurements of
surface salinity. Our goal is to better understand
regional ocean dynamics in the gulf of Guinea,
where the African monsoon develops. This
climatic phenomenon is of major importance for
the societies and economies of all neighbouring
countries. This research and the training that
goes with it are, in my view, highly beneficial for
Benin and for the entire Sub-Saharan region of
Africa, which still lacks specialists in physical
oceanography."
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
EARTHQUAKES
AND LANDSLIDES
PERU
Partner
LIONEL FIDEL
Landslides are responsible for almost 10,000 victims every year. Nearly 60% of
landslides are triggered by earthquakes. IRD researchers and their Peruvian partners
have, for the first time, measured and modelled ground displacements related
to seismic shocks. Their results will make it possible to better characterise these
phenomena.
Director of the "environment" department
at INGEMMET, Peru.
"The work done by INGEMMET, in liaison with IRD in
the Maca region, has helped us identify the causes
of land movements and to determine the factors that
cause them and their characteristics. This information
is highly important when it comes to putting forward
risk prevention measures and, above all, preventing
the loss of precious human lives."
CONTACT
Pascal Lacroix - UMR ISTerre – Institute of Earth Sciences (IRD/
CNRS/Iffstar/Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1) /Université
de Savoie)
pascal.lacroix@ird.fr
Resource: Geophysical Research Letters
L
andslides are geological phenomena during which a mass of earth
suddenly or gradually collapses along a fracture surface. They are
triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms or heavy rain.
They have a significant impact on populations, especially along
the Pacific coast of South America, one of the most active seismic areas
of the world. During earthquakes in mountainous regions, nearly a third
of victims can be attributed to these phenomena, triggered by the tremor.
Despite the damage caused, the mechanics of ground displacement as a
result of seismic action are still poorly understood.
Researchers from IRD and INGEMMET1 used GPS to monitor a landslide
reactivated by an earthquake in Maca, southern Peru, in July 2013. The
data demonstrated that the ground's response was simultaneous with
the tremor, with concomitant displacement of 2 cm, but the phenomenon
continued for five weeks, during which the extent of displacement tripled,
to reach 6 cm.
Thanks to these observations, the researchers also modelled the
mechanics of the landslide and highlighted behaviour similar to that of
active faults in response to major earthquakes. This analogy opens new
perspectives for research into active tectonic faults. Due to their smaller
dimensions, more superficial nature and greater kinetics, landslides
are good subject matter, enabling characterisation of fault friction
parameters.
The Maca landslide, whose effects are still felt today, covers a surface area
of 1 km². It led to the evacuation of a village of around 900 inhabitants,
located in the Colca valley, 70 km north-east of Arequipa. It also led
to the collapse of a much-used tourist route (160,000 visitors a year)
and threatens the pre-Inca terraces. Understanding these phenomena
would eventually make it possible to introduce suitable and effective risk
prevention policies and, as a result, better protection for populations.
1
Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico
Study of a
landslide/Peru
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
25
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS:
A PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH
A study carried out in the Rungwe volcanic province in Tanzania, describes
the evolution of agro-ecosystems in the light of climatic, economic and
demographic changes, from the warm irrigated plains to the upland forests.
Landscape in the Rungwe
province/Tanzania
CONTACT
David Williamson - UMR LOCEAN (IRD/CNRS/Université
Pierre et Marie Curie/Muséum national d’histoire
naturelle)
david.williamson@ird.fr
Resource: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
A
gro-ecosystems in mountainous areas obtain their water and
nutritional resources in tropical zones. However, their response to
climatic variations, changes in land use and growing populations
is not yet fully understood, especially in central and east Africa.
IRD researchers and their partners in Kenya and Tanzania1 have carried
out a study in the province of Rungwe, subject to climatic variations
and significant anthropogenic pressure. In fact, in this agricultural
region, the population grew by 38% between 1988 and 2012. In addition,
climate records show a strong tendency towards aridification with
rising temperatures and rainfall dropping by 30% over the last 35 years.
Farming practices have evolved in response to these changes, leading
to deforestation, the fragmentation of habitats and the baring of soils
resulting in greater erosion, landslides and losses of organic carbon, and
hence fertility. Demand has grown for water in the plains to irrigate crops
and livestock, making it necessary to draw water from aquifers at midaltitude. This example shows that changes in farming practices combined
with climate change contribute to aridification.
26
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
For the sustainable use of resources and to ensure food safety, researchers
recommend further cross-disciplinary studies, combining biophysical
and social/economic analyses. The involvement of local communities
in monitoring agro-ecosystems would also appear to be key. An original
participative approach, based on environmental watch work organised
with the local rural populations, has been set up with this goal in mind2.
An educational aspect is also included, applied in schools in the region.
1
2
World Agroforestery Centre (ICRAF) - Kenya and Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) - Tanzania.
The Rungwe Environmental Science Observatory Network (RESON, University of Dar es Salaam).
TANZANIA
Partner
PR AMOS E. MAJULE
RESON Coordinator, University
of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
"This project, run in cooperation with IRD, raises
some important questions about the management
of natural resources in mountainous areas.
Getting the local community involved is a sound
way of gathering relevant data. This participative
approach also helps improve the perception
of climate change among the populations
directly involved in managing their resources
and developing the most suitable adaptation
strategies."
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
CORAL FISH:
MULTIFACETED THREATS
Coral reefs and related ecosystems are reservoirs of biodiversity but are under major
threat from natural and anthropogenic interference. An international study headed
by IRD and its partners1 has, for the first time ever, revealed the effects of human
activity on all the factors contributing to the diversity of coral fish communities in the
South Pacific.
CONTACT
Laurent Vigliola - Tropical marine ecology
of the Pacific and Indian Oceans - UMR ENTROPIE
(IRD-CNRS-Université Réunion)
laurent.vigliola@ird.fr
Resource: Current Biology
A
ccording to the World Resources Institute, 75% of coral reefs
are endangered at global level. This figure is set to hit 100% by
2050. These figures are even more disturbing when we recall
that the coral reefs contribute directly to the nutritional and economic
requirements of the populations in many developing countries, thanks
to the exceptional biodiversity that they shelter. While the phylogenetic
diversity, reflecting the evolutionary history of the communities of species,
is recognised for its immense heritage value, the functional diversity, in
other words the number of functions covered by fish within the reef, has
long been neglected in impact studies.
Thanks to the sampling of more than 1,500 fish communities, done by
underwater counting in 17 South Pacific countries, researchers have
assessed the levels of taxonomic (number of species), functional and
phylogenetic diversity of a group of species along a human population
density profile ranging from 1.3 to 1,705 inhabitants per km² of reef.
This social/ecological data was collected within the framework of the
PROCFish and CoFish projects coordinated by the Secretariat of the Pacific
Community and funded by the European Union.
NEW
CALEDONIA
Partner
LINDSAY CHAPMAN
Director of the Observatory of Coastal Fisheries,
CPS, New Caledonia.
"From 2002 to 2009, the Secretariat of the Pacific
Community ran the PROCFish and CoFish programmes
to assess the state of the reef fisheries across the
Pacific Islands region. Our work with IRD has enhanced
the initial project in two areas: on the one hand, the
study of the different facets of biodiversity allows for
a better evaluation of the state of the fisheries. On
the other hand, the results obtained demonstrate that
the fall in functional and phylogenetic diversity is an
initial warning as to the deterioration of the ecosystem.
These properties will be useful in the future when it
comes to monitoring coastal fisheries in the region."
The results show a very considerable drop in the levels of functional and
phylogenetic diversity, especially beyond a threshold of 20 inhabitants
per km² of reef, while the abundance of species remains largely unaffected
along this profile. For example, when the density of human population
reaches 1,700 inhabitants per km², the impact on the levels of functional
and phylogenetic diversity corresponds respectively to a drop of 46% and
36%, while the impact on the abundance of species falls by 12%.
The number of species would not therefore appear to be very sensitive to
anthropogenic pressure, while the two other components in biodiversity
are much more affected by human population density. These components
are "the tree of life", in other words, the diversity of biological traits and
phylogenetic lineages, vital to the proper functioning of coral systems.
Researchers have therefore emphasised the importance of conserving all
the components of biodiversity. They also recommend using the diversity
of traits and lineages as reliable, sensitive indicators of the deterioration
of communities of species.
UMR ENTROPIE "Tropical marine ecology in the Pacific and Indian Oceans"
(IRD-CNRS-université de La Réunion), UMR MARBEC "Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation
and Conservation" (CNRS/Ifremer/IRD/Université Montpellier), in partnership with the
Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (Australia) and the Secretariat of the Pacific
Community (Nouméa).
1
Mutual observation/
New Caledonia
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
27
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
Soil improvement/Vietnam
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
LAND USE: A MOVE
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
Ecological and environmental systems in tropical zones are subject to
drastic constraints. Often located in zones where global changes (in climate
and land use) are intense, their sustainable exploitation is an immediate
challenge for development.
CONTACTS
Jean-Louis Janeau and Emma Rochelle-Newall UMR IEES Paris - Paris Institute of Ecology and
Environmental Sciences (CNRS / INRA /IRD /Université
Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6/ Université Paris Diderot/
Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne)
jean-louis.janeau@ird.fr
emma.rochelle-newall@ird.fr
Resource: Agricultural Water Management
O
rganic carbon (CO) is a major component in organic matter that
contains the main nutrients used by plants for growth. It is one of
the key elements in the functioning of ecosystems, used by plants
for growth. Because soils are able to exchange carbon with the
atmosphere via photosynthesis and respiration, CO is also decisive in
the evolution of climate change.
The loss of CO through water erosion - particles breaking off and being
carried away by run-off - can have serious impacts on agricultural yields,
especially on soils that were poor in CO to start with, and on water quality
and aquatic ecosystems located downstream. Despite the threat that this
represents for food safety, this phenomenon has not been studied very far
in tropical zones, even though rainy periods at the origin of such transfers
are particularly intense there. Furthermore, these regions are subject to
rapid changes in land use, evolving from zones where natural plant cover
28
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
generates very little run-off to areas of cultivation or forest plantations,
to bare soils that are more sensitive to water erosion.
IRD researchers and their partners analysed CO and nutrient (phosphorus
and nitrogen) flows in a small watershed on a steep slope in the north of
Vietnam. Thanks to rain simulation experiments, they studied the impact
of three regular crop-growing practices (fallow, harrowing and mulching)
on the soil's capacity to retain CO and nutrients. They also analysed the
impact of plant cover at two forest sites harvesting Acacia mangium, a
species typical to the region. While their results highlight a significant
loss of CO during 40-minute intense rainfall episodes, the rates are even
more significant in planted forests where fallen leaves are removed, as
occurs with slash-and-burn and clear cutting. On the other hand, it would
appear that the spreading of crop residues limits run-off and the ensuing
loss of CO and nutrients, as well as soil erosion.
This work demonstrates the need to promote certain agronomic practices
that are more respectful of ecological balances, such as the cultivation
technique of sowing under plant cover, based on the no-dig technique, the
maintenance of permanent plant cover and direct sowing of crops through
this plant cover. This so-called "conservation agriculture" protects soils
on steep slopes against erosion. It improves fertility thanks to constant
organic input and the stimulation of biological activity, while limiting
the transfer of CO to aquatic areas downstream.
1
Soil and Fertilizers Research Institute
VIETNAM
Partner
DR TRAN MINH TIEN
Deputy Director of the SFRI 1,
responsible for international relations.
"We have worked with IRD since 1999. This has
brought significant benefits in terms of student
training and knowledge transfer. The results
of this research have helped us put forward
recommendations to the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development, to guide farmers towards
more sustainable practices."
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RESOURCES
WHEN HUMAN ACTION GOES
AGAINST NATURAL DYNAMICS
SENEGAL
The creation of an artificial mouth within the estuary of the Senegal River
at Saint-Louis has provoked unexpected environmental changes. Oceanographers
and anthropologists from IRD have worked with their partners to analyse the physical,
biological and social changes caused in the region.
CONTACT
Robert Arfi - Environment and resources department
robert.arfi@ird.fr
Resource: Marine Pollution Bulletin
C
ertain environmental risks are linked to the development of
infrastructures or the fragmentation - or indeed disappearance of habitats. In a sometimes "undemanding" legislative framework,
tropical coast zones are under particular threat from activities
linked to economic growth: ports, sand removal for construction, the
discharge of household or industrial effluents, and so on.
The Senegal River flows into the Atlantic at the end of a long estuary
running several dozen kilometres along the coast. Depending on the
season, its mouth can be filled with oceanic sand deposits but this is
cleared at the time of the first high tides, when the waters reach the river's
lower valley.
In 2003 however, the system did not operate as expected and the high
water was unable to cross the barrier beach to reach the ocean. As an
emergency measure, to save the town of Saint-Louis from flooding, an
opening was made into the sea, to the south of the town, some 40 km
upstream from the natural river mouth. However, the ocean's mechanical
action soon ate into the gap and made it wider, gradually increasing it
from a width of just a few metres to an opening of several kilometres. The
seawater then poured into the estuary, subjecting it to stronger tides,
erosion and salinization. Islands disappeared, while the coastline and the
functioning of the estuary were completely transformed. The salinization
of the waters in the southern part of the estuary led to the disappearance
of certain fish species, affecting the traditional fishing activities. Vegetable
cultivation was also majorly affected by the salinization of the aquifers.
Researchers looked into the social impact of these environmental
changes. Several villages on the banks of the estuary near the breach
were wiped off the map due to marine erosion. Likewise, the drinking
water supply for the town of Saint-Louis was compromised. Its main
reservoir, initially fed by the area upstream of the estuary, is now fed by
canals crossing agricultural zones. It is therefore subject to a worrying
risk of eutrophication.
However, there have also been some positive changes since the opening
of the breach, as fishermen are now able to exploit new resources
such as prawns and oysters. The permanent opening out to the sea
also encourages the arrival of a number of nutrients linked to coastal
upwelling, creating the right conditions for the development of marine
species of fishery value.
The studies carried out after the opening of this breach will shed more
light on the functioning of the ecosystems, making it possible to anticipate
the impact of future developments of the river.
Partner
MOUHAMADOU DIAKHATÉ
Director of the Leïdi laboratory "Territorial dynamics
and development", co-director of the ICL Pateo
"Heritages and territories of water", Université
Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
"There is a high-quality partnership between IRD
and our university. IRD is today committed to
'co-responsible' cooperation which can be seen in
the transfer of tools and techniques. This is the case
for the ICL Pateo, which I co-manage and which is
home to the SIRENA information system for the
sustainable management of ecosystems and natural
resources. The ICL has managed to satisfy all the
institutions invested in this forum for discussion and
pooling resources."
Banks of the Senegal
River
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
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2
IMPROVING THE HEALTH
OF POPULATIONS IN
THE SOUTH
In the field of health, in compliance with four of the
Millennium Development Goals (1, 4, 5 and 6), researchers
contribute to the fight against extreme poverty and hunger,
child mortality, maternal health issues, HIV, malaria and
other diseases. They have demonstrated their ability
to adapt their knowledge in response to the threat of
emerging pandemics, such as the Ebola epidemic in West
Africa. Researchers are also taking a growing interest in
epidemiological transition diseases and especially cancers.
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Protecting maternal and child health
Preventing and treating cancers linked to viral infections in South-East Asia
Ebola: researchers in action
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH
PROTECTING MATERNAL
AND CHILD HEALTH
BENIN
In Benin, IRD researchers and their partners have confirmed the harmful effects of
submicroscopic malaria infections during pregnancy, including maternal anaemia,
premature births and low birth weights.
CONTACTS
Philippe Deloron
philippe.deloron@ird.fr
Gilles Cottrell
gilles.cottrel@ird.fr
Nicaise Tuikue Ndam
nicaise.ndam@ird.fr
UMR MERIT – Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales
(IRD/Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5).
Resource: Clinical Infectious Disease
M
alaria causes more than 580,000 deaths per year, mainly in SubSaharan Africa. Among the parasites transmitted to humans,
Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the most serious cases.
During pregnancy, malaria infections have especially harmful
effects on maternal and child health: they cause 35% of premature
births, with low birth weights and contribute to the death of 75,000 to
200,000 babies every year.
IRD researchers and the Centre for the Study and Research of Malaria
Associated with Pregnancy and Childhood (Cerpage) monitored
1,037 pregnant women in southwest Benin between May 2008 and May
2011. They assessed the impact of submicroscopic malaria infections, in
other words, those that cannot be detected by microscope, on maternal
and child health; this was done, for the first time, in a prospective manner
for the full duration of pregnancy. Their analyses show a significant
increase in the risk of low birth weight and maternal anaemia during a
first pregnancy. Among women who have undergone several pregnancies,
the risk of giving birth prematurely is twice as high.
The researchers also confirmed the relevance of the WHO's recommendations on increasing the number of intermittent preventive treatment
doses during pregnancy. With the current treatment of 2 doses, 30% of the
women monitored during the study remained infected at the time of birth.
Finally, they compared conventional diagnostic techniques, analysing
blood samples under the microscope (thick smear tests) with a molecular
biology method known as PCR (Polymerase chain reaction), which can
detect the DNA of Plasmodium falciparum in patients' blood. This latter
technique proved to be much more effective. It enabled the detection of
the malaria parasite among 40% of the women monitored, at the time
of the first prenatal consultation, compared to 16% for the microscope
technique.
These results demonstrate the importance of better assessing the
consequences of these "low-noise" malaria infections on maternal
and child health and proves that their role as a reservoir for parasites
contributes to transmission of the disease among pregnant women, and
among children and adults. The researchers also point out the need to
develop more effective diagnosis techniques that can be used in the field.
Partner
PR ACHILLE MASSOUGBODJI
Director of the Centre for the Study and Research of
Malaria Associated with Pregnancy and Childhood
(Cerpage) - Benin.
"CERPAGE has been working with IRD for more than ten
years now, striving to identify the effects of malaria on the
two main vulnerable populations, namely pregnant women
and their children, and to validate effective preventive
strategies. The STOPPAM project run in southern Benin
between 2010 and 2014, which this study was part of,
aimed to uncover the mechanisms behind malaria
affecting women during pregnancy and to quantify its
consequences on maternal and foetal health accurately.
We demonstrated that submicroscopic infections had a
negative impact on vulnerable populations. We now need
to develop new molecular diagnosis tools as a matter of
urgency, and make them available to health systems in
the South, in order to improve treatment of this major
endemic."
Malaria diagnosis/
Benin
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
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EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
Laboratory analyses/
Laos
IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH
PREVENTING AND TREATING
CANCERS LINKED TO VIRAL
INFECTIONS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA
In South-East Asia, liver cancer linked to the hepatitis B and C viruses and cervical cancer, due to human
papillomavirus, are a public health issue. They are affecting a growing number of individuals, in connection
with ageing of the population and greater life expectancy. Several studies have been carried out
in this field by researchers from the PHPT international joint unit 1.
CONTACT
Gonzague Jourdain - Prevention and treatment of HIV
infections and virus-associated cancers in South East Asia UMI PHPT (IRD/University of Chiang Mai).
gonzague.jourdain@ird.fr
M
ore than 400 million people across the world are chronically
infected with the hepatitis B or C virus. More than a million
people die from complications of a viral form of hepatitis every
year. This is a global issue but East Asia is much more severely
affected by these infections. The treatment and prevention of hepatitis B
and C are still not sufficiently taken into account by the health systems
in the region. Although access to diagnosis and prognosis tools and
the medicines required to treat these infections is improving, the lack
of information and training of healthcare staff remains a major barrier
to treatment. Several studies have been made into this issue by IRD
researchers and their partners.
As such, a randomised clinical trial for the prevention of transmission
of the hepatitis B virus from mother to child has been run to test a new
method using antiviral drugs.
Another study concerns the treatment of hepatitis C among adults coinfected with HIV and whose liver is subject to advanced fibrosis.
In Laos, vaccination against hepatitis B is still not applicable as from birth
and the barriers to vaccination remain poorly understood. A clinical trial
began at the end of 2014 to pinpoint these aspects, to study the difficulties
and to determine what place antiviral drugs could have in preventing
transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Researchers also contributed to the
intensive training of doctors and nurses for the introduction of treatment
of hepatitis B and C.
There is also research into the prevention of cervical cancer, the second
cause of cancer among Thai women. If diagnosed early, it can be treated
using surgical methods widely available in the region. However, more
regular diagnosis could be simplified if it was possible to identify those
women with a higher risk. A study based on the analysis of genotypes of
the human papillomavirus responsible for this type of cancer is currently
underway, involving more than 800 Thai women infected with HIV and
under antiretroviral treatment. In particular, it will aim to determine how
useful the identification of these high-risk genotypes would be in a cancer
screening programme. The unit is also working on a similar study among
younger women in Laos.
All of this research and the studies conducted for many years by the UMI
PHPT on HIV and the prevention of perinatal transmission are aimed at
developing effective prevention and treatment methods, easy to implement in the field and helping to improve the health of the populations
in these regions.
1
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IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Prevention and treatment of HIV infections and virus associated cancers in South East Asia.
LAOS
Partner
DR VATTHANAPHONE
LATTHAPHASAVANG
Doctor specialised in infectious
diseases at Mahosot in Vientiane, Laos.
"I work with the PHPT international joint unit as part of
my thesis on the prevention of perinatal transmission
of the hepatitis B virus. Laos and Thailand are close
in geographic terms and culture, and share the same
problems when it comes to hepatitis B. However there
are a number of differences, especially with regard to
economic development. During my internship in the
PHPT unit, I was not only able to discuss my project
with Thai and French researchers but also directly
observe how the theoretical principles of clinical
research are applied in the field. This partnership
also helps develop clinical research capacities in my
country, so that solutions adapted to our population
can be developed and tested locally, to enable their
swift integration into the public health system."
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH
EBOLA:
RESEARCHERS IN ACTION
GUINEA
To tackle the unprecedented Ebola virus fever that affected West Africa in 2014,
IRD researchers and their partners from the South set to work alongside French research
teams. They take part in a number of programmes in the fields of diagnosis, care for
convalescents and human and social sciences.
CONTACT
Hervé Tissot Dupont - IRD Health Department
dsa@ird.fr
Resource: https://www.ird.fr/toute-l-actualite/actualites/communiques-et-dossiersde-presse/ebola-les-chercheurs-de-l-ird-mobilises
O
n 31 December 2014, the World Health Organisation (WHO) had
recorded 7,905 deaths for 20,206 cases of Ebola virus fever in six
countries in West Africa.
This virus has long been a preoccupation for IRD researchers, most
notably within the Centre international de recherche médicale de Franceville (CIRMF or the Franceville international medical research centre) in
Gabon. The CIRMF's work has resulted in some major scientific advances,
with the identification of fruit bats as a natural reservoir for the virus, the
discovery of a new virus genetic lineage and recombinant viruses, and the
existence of natural immunity to Ebola. While the epidemic swept West
Africa, an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo raised fears of
the virus spreading. However, the same team proved that this was a local
strain, different from that in West Africa.
Several research projects were launched as part of the French response
to the epidemic, coordinated by the National Alliance for Life Sciences
and Health (Aviesan) and Inserm's microbiology and infectious diseases
institute.
In the field of social sciences, the UMR TransVIHMI analysed the factors
that determine the confidence of healthcare professionals and the population in the national epidemic response1. Teams from the UMRs Merit and
Mivegec set up an anthropologic study on the information circulating in
the media, and in speeches and rumours, with an operational dimension
relating to public health actions2. An anthropologist from the UMR Sesstim
also works on rumours, discussions and controversies, and on the processes
used to circulate and process local and international information via the
official media and social networks3.
In virology, the UMR EPV coordinates work on the standardisation of rapid
diagnosis tests and manages the virology diagnosis component of the clinical trials for Favipiravir treatment on humans in Guinea and on primates in
the P4 laboratory in Lyon. This unit also works with the Antwerp Institute
of Tropical Medicine on the use of plasma taken from people cured of the
virus to treat cases of Ebola infection.
The UMR TransVIHMI also coordinates a cross-disciplinary study on two
convalescing patient cohorts, in partnership with the Conakry university
hospital (Guinea), the National Biomedical Research Institute in Dakar
and the Kinshasa university hospital (DRC), Inserm, Bordeaux university
hospital, the ANRS, the UMR EPV, the French national blood service, la
Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme (literally, House of the Sciences
of Man Foundation), and the universities of Amsterdam (Netherlands) and
Montréal (Canada).
Finally, an IRD researcher is behind the consortium research project funded
by the European Commission on an approach to ultrasensitive diagnosis of
the virus, with the aim of introducing passive immunotherapy treatment
as soon as possible, via antibodies raised in horses.
Work done in cooperation with the University of Cheikh Anta Diop (Senegal).
Work done in cooperation with the University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin) and the University of Alassane
Ouatara (Côte d’Ivoire).
3 Work done in partnership with Inserm, CNRS, EHESS, MNHN, the military healthcare service, McGill
University (Canada), and the universities of Columbia and New York (USA).
Partner
DR MOUMIÉ BARRY
Manager for Guinea of the PostEboGui project
developed by TransVIHMI.
"We are working with IRD as part of the PostEboGui
project which will result in the set-up of cross-disciplinary
monitoring of patients after infection with Ebola virus
in the Republic of Guinea. The results will have a direct
impact on the clinical and social care provided for
this population and on the prevention of secondary
contaminations. It will also contribute to capacity-building
among healthcare professionals signed up via a researchtraining process."
For more information:
https://en.ird.fr/the-media-centre/
videos-online-channel-ird/ebola-interview-with-eric-leroy
1 2 Ebola epidemic/Guinea
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
33
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
3
UNDERSTANDING
CHANGES IN
DEVELOPING SOCIETIES
Social science research aims to understand the ways
developing societies function and the relationships that
they develop with their natural, social, cultural, economic
and political environment. It focuses on three major areas
of study: development and governance; vulnerabilities,
inequalities and growth; social and spatial dynamics and
boundaries.
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IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
A move towards new interpretation of religious aspects in the Arab world
Understanding the vulnerability of large conurbations
Slavery in Africa: history, legacies and current situations
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
UNDERSTANDING CHANGES IN DEVELOPING SOCIETIES
A MOVE TOWARDS NEW INTERPRETATION OF
RELIGIOUS ASPECTS IN THE ARAB WORLD
MOROCCO
Partner
Religious affairs fall within the remit of the research work of IRD and its partners. This concerns, on the one
hand, religious developments following migrations between sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Africa,
and on the other hand, political reshuffling stemming from the ascendancy to power of Islamist currents in
certain countries that participated in the Arab Spring, including Egypt.
CONTACTS
Sophie Bava - Population-environment-development laboratory – UMR LPED
(IRD/Aix-Marseille University) - sophie.bava@ird.fr
Sarah Ben Néfissa - IRD representative in Egypt - sarah.ben_nefissa@ird.fr
Resources: Proceedings of the colloquium Mobilités et blocages en Afrique méditerranéenne
(Mobilities and barriers in Mediterranean Africa), Rabat 2014.
L’Année du Maghreb (the year of Maghreb), 2014.
Revue Marocaine de sciences politiques et sociales (Moroccan review of political and social
sciences), Dossier on political Islam in the Arab world, 2014.
W
ith the reinforcement of borders in Europe over the last fifteen
years or so, and due to a lack of clear emigration policies driven
by countries of the South, migrants from sub-Saharan Africa are
now settling for the longer term in countries within Mediterranean
Africa. The MIGRELI 1 research programme emphasises the take-off of a
growing market, over the past few years, designed to provide a religious and
social response to migrants. This religious market draws on the strengthening
of faith and religious practices during migration. This migratory period also
leads to new encounters, away from the elders and established social orders,
and means migrants sometimes assert themselves and choose their own path.
This can lead to a deeper religious commitment, which may take the form of
religious responsibilities, as revealed by surveys among African students at
the University of Al Azhar in Cairo and the Mowafaqa Institute, an ecumenical
Christian training institute in Rabat.
The evangelical protestant sphere today appears as one of the most attractive
movements, with a renewed, dynamic, competitive local offering. In Mediterranean African countries, the Catholic and Protestant churches, which were
pretty much forgotten about, with poor attendance numbers since the end of
the colonial period, have enjoyed renewed interest. At the same time, we see
a real commitment in Morocco to establishing political control over African
religious affairs. The organisation of religious training for Muslim leaders from
West Africa and Europe in Rabat is one example of this. Morocco has also
backed the installation of an ecumenical Christian theological training institute
for Africans and Europeans. The emergence of the religious issue on migratory
scenes thus raises questions on the social and economic practices of migrants
with regard to the closing of borders, on the place of religious organisations
looking for growth and recognition, and on the dynamics of national policies
affecting religious matters. In fact, Maghreb states, which until now were a
place of transition for migrants, are having to integrate a Muslim and Christian
African dimension into their religious policies.
In Egypt, researchers are studying the relationships between religious matters and politics, following the election of Mohmed Morsy as president of the
Republic in June 2012 and his destitution one year later. The latter event was
provoked by the coup on 3 July, against the background of the rapidly falling
popularity of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. This historical event was of
major importance on the regional level and highlighted the need for a new
analysis of the "mother community" of the Muslim Brotherhood across the
world. This analysis draws on the new areas of research represented by the
legal acceptance and rise to power of this organisation, which had operated
in secrecy for decades. A number of testimonies from Muslim Brotherhood
leaders and militants emphasise the ideological barriers of their leadership,
which remains loyal to strict submission of politics to religion. Likewise, they
reveal certain characteristics of the organisation that help understand their
difficulties in communicating with their own society: confinement among
themselves, recruitment to the organisation deep down in the lower ranks
of society with loyalty and submission of these recruits to directives from the
upper ranks. To a certain degree, the Muslim Brotherhood fell into the trap of
its own organisation, its source of strength but also its weakness. Its fall is as
much related to the strength of the opposing coalition as to some of its own
particularities.
1
MEHDI ALIOUA
Assistant Professor at Rabat school for political
science, researcher at Rabat international
university.
"The strengthening of research into religious issues in
Morocco is essential. In this context, the international
university of Rabat, tasked with opening up to Africa
and specialising in migratory issues, needed the
expertise and networks of excellence offered by
IRD. Since this partnership, research, appraisals,
colloquiums and publications have been developed at
a rate that largely surpasses the average in Morocco."
For more information:
http://anneemaghreb.revues.org/2179
http://anneemaghreb.revues.org/2191
Religious mural/
Senegal
Religious and confession-based institutions on the routes of African migration.
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
35
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
UNDERSTANDING CHANGES IN DEVELOPING SOCIETIES
UNDERSTANDING THE VULNERABILITY
OF LARGE CONURBATIONS
Since it was created in 2006, the Pacivur programme (Andean Programme for Training
and Research on Vulnerability and Risks in Urban Environments), backed by the UMR
Prodig, focuses on a key issue: understanding the vulnerability of large conurbations in
Andean countries, in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
CONTACTS
Pascale Metzger and Robert Dercole – UMR Prodig Pôle de recherche
pour l’organisation et la diffusion de l’information géographique
(research division for the organisation and dissemination of geographic
information) (CNRS/IRD/ Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne/
Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7/ Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris 4)/
École pratique des hautes études)
pascale.metzger@ird.fr / robert.dercole@ird.fr
Jérémy Robert – IFEA - French institute for Andean studies
robert.jeremy2013@gmail.com
Resource: Atlas problématique d’une métropole vulnérable : inégalités urbaines à Lima et
Callao. (Atlas of issues in a vulnerable conurbation: urban inequalities in Lima and Callao).
A
pplying geographic approaches alongside field surveys and interviews
with key stakeholders in urban systems, IRD researchers and their
partners are studying territorial organisation and urban management,
how vulnerable spaces are formed and represented, management
and risk prevention policies, crisis management and disaster preparedness.
This has been most evident in Lima, Peru's capital city, confronted with the
prospect of a major earthquake.
Lima and El Callao form a huge conurbation of 10 million inhabitants, causing
major day-to-day challenges in terms of urban management and governance.
As is the case in many Latin American cities, social and spatial inequalities
are part of the landscape in Lima. They developed historically, socially and
politically due to the way in which different districts were formed, and to
the spatial distribution of services and urban facilities, and the conditions
of access. They are amplified by the political and institutional complexity
of this huge city, made up of 49 districts with very different technical and
budgetary capacities. This conurbation is politically and socially fragmented,
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IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
subject to conflicts, democratic advances and economic liberalisation. The
city's governance swings between domination, participation and resistance to
public and private projects. The urban landscapes and the structure of space
evolve under the influence of weak public authorities, the growing role of the
population as a political and territorial stakeholder, and economic and spatial
drivers from the informal or private sectors. Studying the city's vulnerability
therefore requires a deeper understanding of how it works.
As an alternative to hazard modelling as the starting point for analysis of
natural risks, a simple idea is put forward: a prevention policy should aim
to protect what we consider important, i.e. the "key issues" for a territory. It
means shifting the focus of the risk from what is threatened to what we want
to protect, in other words what is vital for the territory and its population.
In this way, identifying the risk within a given space means both social and
territorial viewpoints are taken into account. When applied to the level of the
individual districts, this approach raises further questions, most notably on
the contribution of urban policies to reducing the population's vulnerability,
on how to associate the different levels within the territory and on the
population's participation.
This research, run over the long term and backed by collective thinking,
operating at different levels, has made it possible to identify the territories
that are the best or least prepared in the event of a crisis. Drawing on strong
scientific and operational partnerships, the researchers from Pacivur help
to evaluate risk prevention programmes and the disaster preparedness
programme of the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid Office.
Lima / Peru
EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
UNDERSTANDING CHANGES IN DEVELOPING SOCIETIES
SLAVERY IN AFRICA: HISTORY,
LEGACIES AND CURRENT SITUATIONS
The after-effects of slavery and the slave trade are still felt deeply in Africa,
and weigh on relations between different elements of society. IRD's researchers and
their partners study the legacy of slavery in modern times, its long-term repercussions,
and how these have reconfigured society and identities.
CONTACTS
Marie-Pierre Ballarin and Elisabeth Cunin – Migrations
and Society UMR URMIS (CNRS / IRD / Université Paris
Diderot - Paris 7/ Université Nice Sophia Antipolis)
marie-pierre.ballarin@ird.fr / elisabeth.cunin@ird.fr
Resource: conference "Slavery in Africa: history, legacies and current
situations" Nairobi, CUEA, 2014.
W
hether passive or active, in the distant or more recent past,
practised on a continual basis or otherwise, slavery and its
legacies have largely influenced some major questions: access
to land ownership, education, the exercise of certain political,
religious or administrative functions, the recognition of citizenship or
social marginalisation of servile groups or their descendants. For example,
in certain contexts there is real discrimination in residential terms with the
descendants of slaves confined in segregated villages or districts, with limited
access to public resources. In many social and memorial conflicts between
communities, the reference to slavery and the servile status emerges as an
explanatory factor, thus emphasising the way in which slavery and servility
influenced social, ideological, political and religious struggles.
In spite of its importance in the history and on contemporary issues in African
societies, the silence on the slave trade remains almost total on the continent.
However, the question of the memory of slavery and its "heritage" identity
is key in the Atlantic world and in the island communities of the Indian
Ocean. Furthermore, even though new research is being carried out in Africa,
it remains very sparse in the academic field. While voices expressing the
memory are making themselves heard in Senegal and Benin, they are barely
emerging in East Africa.
The duty of memory and the transmission of knowledge related to slavery was
the focus of the colloquium "Slavery in Africa: history, legacies and current
situations",1 held in Nairobi in October 2014. This was the first international
gathering on slavery and its consequences organised by IRD and its African
partners from across the continent. It brought together researchers from
West and Central Africa, East Africa, the western part of the Indian Ocean,
Europe and North America. One of the main objectives was to ensure a lasting
place for the question of slavery in Africa and communities from the west of
the Indian Ocean on the research agenda and in social science teaching in
African universities and institutions. In order to do so, various disciplines
have examined the history and current situation of slavery in Africa. Militants
from the anti-slavery movement were invited to take part in public forums to
debate with scientists. This gathering enabled African researchers and their
counterparts from the North to enter into a dialogue and develop a common
ground for understanding in order to strengthen future North-South and
South-South partnerships.
This research will, in the long term, provide better understanding of the
composition of populations and their internal hierarchy. Accounting for
the significance of the status of slave, which has become a social category,
makes it possible to assess the degree of permanence of its effects on the
social and economic sphere.
KENYA
Partner
PR SAMUEL NYANCHOGA
Catholic University of Eastern Africa,
Nairobi, Kenya.
"The colloquium on slavery is the outcome of a
research partnership with IRD. This project has
helped with capacity building by training master's
and PhD students who will join the community of
researchers and teachers in Kenya. It has also enabled
the empowerment of the community and increased
awareness of the issue of slavery. The colloquium
was also the opportunity to put the spotlight on key
researchers from the South."
Organised in partnership with the URMIS, the National Museums of Kenya (Mombasa), the Catholic
university of East Africa (Nairobi), the International Centre for Research on Slavery (Ciresc, Paris), the
African Centre for Research on Trade and Slavery (Ucad) and the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies
and Research on Slavery and Trade in Africa (Cerpeta, Yaoundé).
1
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
37
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
38
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
THE AGENCE INTERÉTABLISSEMENTS DE
RECHERCHE POUR LE
DÉVELOPPEMENT
40
Mobilising, coordinating and leading
research for development
42
Research and training
programmes
44
The missions of the Agence inter-établissement de
recherche pour le développement (AIRD, an agency
bringing together the main French research and higher
education institutes involved in development in the
South) include dissemination of scientific knowledge,
innovation, assessment, capacity-building in the South,
and programme management.
Capacity-building in the South
46
Promoting the results of research
48
Dissemination of knowledge and communication
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
39
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
MOBILISING, COORDINATING AND LEADING RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
MOBILISING, COORDINATING
AND LEADING RESEARCH FOR
DEVELOPMENT
Following a joint mission by the general inspection services of the French Ministry of National Education,
Higher Learning and Research and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2013, the governing ministries
announced the abolition of the AIRD at the IRD's board meeting held in December of that year. Decree
no.2014-1441 of 3 December 2014 officialises this and entrusts IRD with the task of "contributing to the
national coordination of research for development".
Throughout this transition period, the Agency continued with programmes
already underway and endeavoured to fulfil its commitments. Several
meetings with the Agency's partners were held to share information on
current programmes and take the necessary collegial decisions.
The Advisory Board (COrA): a forum for strategic
reflection between North and South
Partnership
in the field/Cameroon
40
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
The COrA was set up at the end of 2011 as a unique place for expression for
partners from the South. Its role was to make proposals on the directions to
be taken by the AIRD with regard to activities, partnerships, and the resources
used to carry out its work. The COrA was therefore tasked with advising
the AIRD and stakeholders in research for development on the definition
of a research, training and innovation policy to benefit development in the
countries of the South.
After the governing ministries' announcement of its decision to abolish the
AIRD at the end of 2013, the COrA's activity was partially suspended. However,
the "innovation" working group met to conclude its work and a review of
COrA's activities since its foundation was produced.
It should be noted that the decree of 3 December 2014 stipulates the set-up of
an "advisory board" comprising representatives from the Institute's partner
establishments and organisations and from the Institute's governing ministries.
Cross-cutting and inter-establishment partnerships
in countries of the South
One key mission of the AIRD was the co-development of partner research
programmes based on demand from countries of the South. The aim of
these initiatives is to have an impact on public policies, economic growth
and the well-being of populations in the South.
In 2014, the Institute's strategy reflected a triangle made up of research,
training and innovation. Within an inter-establishment framework, the
Agency's management implemented a number of actions and programmes
focused on training in countries of the South, capacity-building, business
start-ups, innovation, industrial partnerships, European partnerships,
communication and the dissemination of scientific culture.
At the end of 2014, there were more than twenty inter-establishment
research programmes receiving support to pursue with their action in
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
MOBILISING, COORDINATING AND LEADING RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT
Sociological survey/Vietnam
Inauguration
of Valorisation Sud
in Marseille
the South. Cross-cutting programmes combine research and innovation
initiatives, such as AMRUGE (project to support modernisation and
research in universities and higher education establishments in Côte
d'Ivoire) and the Sud Expert Plantes sustainable development initiative.
Capacity-building in countries of the South continued with the Parraf
programme (programme to support network-based research in Africa),
as well as the organisation of training seminars and the funding of grants
for doctorate students and young teams affiliated with the IRD (JEAI).
Several initiatives are gradually making the IRD and its Agency partners
an essential feature in the international innovation ecosystem, for example CVT Valorisation Sud for technology transfer, the organisation of an
Africatechno forum to promote technological know-how in countries of
the South, and the Paceim programme for the creation of innovative companies around the Mediterranean.
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
41
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES
RESEARCH AND
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
One of the Agency's tasks was to initiate and support research excellence for and with the South.
To achieve this, the AIRD co-constructed and managed research programmes with partners from
the South and national research organizations or institutes working in the South. It has assured
its partners of its commitment to coordinate research focused on development of the South.
Programme management
The Institute invested €1.1 million in more than fifteen programmes. For a
Dugout canoe
on the Amazon/Brazil
42
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
high number of programmes, the co-funding from partners and international
donors meant that support for projects was two to ten times higher. Some
programmes, such as AMRUGE, are managed by IRD but funded by international donors. Several programmes were co-constructed with partners from
the South: Guyamazon, aimed at structuring and supporting cooperation
between research teams in the states of Northern Brazil, the Guyana region
and mainland France in the field of the Amazonian biome, is set to receive
the CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) label; STDF (partnership programme with the Egyptian Science
and Technology Development Fund); the Great Green Wall programme with
PAGGW (Pan-African Agency of the Great Green Wall) on the functioning of
ecosystems and local use of semi-arid Sahelian environments; the tripartite
France (AIRD)-Brazil (CNPq)-APGMV programme within the framework of
the combat against desertification.
IRD was also involved, alongside the ministries and research organisations,
to provide financial backing for the Research and Watch Centre on emerging
diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRV-OI), up to the structuring of a UMR
bring-ing together the University of La Réunion, Inserm and IRD as of
1st January 2015. It also helped the Aviesan Alliance in establishing a regional
centre for the study of emerging pathogens in Southeast Asia. The AIRD
also managed a number of programmes with the ANR (French National
Research Agency). Among them, we can mention Agrobiosphere, devoted
to the transition towards sustainable production systems. Finally, it runs
programmes with various partners: Agroforesterie, with Cirad, focused
on agriculture in the temperate African zone; Mistrals, with CNRS, on the
environment and climate change; Sud Expert Plantes, with AFD (French
Development Fund) and the FFEM (French Global Environment Facility), on
the promotion of research into plants in the South, a five-year programme with
funding of €5.2 million that will move into its operational phase in early 2015.
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES
THE IF-EBOLA PROJECT:
THE HEALTH CHALLENGE IN
HORIZON 2020
IF-EBOLA (Control of the Ebola Outbreak by both
innovative Ultrasensitive Detection of EBOV and
therapy), coordinated by IRD, was selected by the
European Commission in 2014, with funding of
€2 million over two years. Thanks to two innovative
approaches, its goal is the use of antibodies
produced in horses to immunise patients carrying
the virus. This project's goal is to respond as
rapidly as possible to the Ebola virus epidemic and
better protect populations at risk in emerging and
industrialised countries.
Great Green
Wall project/Senegal
Research on emerging diseases
at the CRV-OI/Réunion
The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development
(MAEDI) also entrusted IRD with the coordination and management of the
Parraf programme, with a budget of €1.8 million. The AIRD was also present
in Haiti with the AUF, working on the reconstruction of the teaching and
research system after the earthquake that devastated the island. Finally,
within the framework of its debt reduction-development contract (C2D), the
Côte d'Ivoire Research Ministry entrusted the Agency with management of
the teaching and research aspect of the AMRUGE-CI project to support the
implementation of the university/higher education reform (with a budget of
€1.9 million in 2014). The Agency worked on the project for a second part to
this programme (C2D2).
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
43
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
CAPACITY-BUILDING IN THE SOUTH
CAPACITY-BUILDING
IN THE SOUTH
Driven by a dual conviction that scientific research can provide solutions
to development issues and that development requires stronger capacities
among the scientific communities in the South, IRD endeavours to ensure that
the projects it runs include actions to build those capacities. It also develops
a set of specific programmes, ranging from individual backing for researchers
to support for research institutes.
JEAI VIP team/Peru
44
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Training
on malaria/Cameroon
Targeted programmes, with a budget of €2.475 million, have contributed
to capacity-building for researchers, research teams, partner institutions
and enabled the scientific, cultural and economic development of the
countries concerned.
Support for thesis-based training is a key element in the individual
backing provided to scientists in IRD's partner institutes. In 2014,
40 research allowances for a thesis paper in the South (known as ARTS)
were granted, taking the number of ongoing support grants up to 100.
Among them, six come from partnerships formed with the CNRS (IN2P3)
and the Mérieux Foundation; moreover, Cirad has tasked IRD with the
management of a fourth call for tenders for the Doctorant du Sud (DDS)
programme. Ten new PhD candidates have been selected, bringing the
total number of bursary students to 45. IRD is also involved in other thesisbased training programmes with the international PhD programme, in
liaison with Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (around ten bursary
students per year). Finally, this individual support is completed by the
BEST programme for scientific and technological exchange grants, where
researchers, engineers and technicians from countries of the South have
the opportunity to work in research or higher education institutions in
other countries. In 2014, 15 BEST grants were awarded, taking the total
number to 37 ongoing grants.
Support for emerging teams in the South is also vital to increase
the autonomy and international competitiveness of the Institute's
partners. 2014 saw ten new teams selected within the framework of the
JEAI (young teams affiliated with the IRD) programme, taking the total
number up to 42. The PEERS Programme (Programme d’excellence pour
l’enseignement et la recherche au Sud - Programme for Excellence in
Teaching and Research in the South), founded to support North-South
teams of two experienced teacher-researchers managing a research
project, including a significant training component, was subject to an
assessment of its impact. Eighteen PEERS currently receive backing.
From an institutional point of view, the Base-Building Activities
programme contributed to and supported the completion of twenty
projects (setting up networks, training workshops and summer schools).
Finally, in 2014, the GVal ("managing and promoting the results of
research into food safety in West Africa") programme was concluded.
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
CAPACITY-BUILDING IN THE SOUTH
1
1
2
SYRIA 1
TUNISIA
MOROCCO
4
3
5 LEBANON
1 10
ALGERIA
2
2
MEXICO
1
1
CUBA
1
MAURITANIA
1
HAITI
2
1
2
SENEGAL
2 12 3
COSTA RICA
2
1
1
4
1
4
1
2
2
7
1
PERU
BRAZIL
4
1
1
MALI
1
1
1
4
6
NIGER
1
3
1
3
1
5
3
2
1
3
3
9
1
1
2
1
11
4
2
2
2
RD CONGO
2
THAILAND
1
2
1
VIETNAM
5
1
2
8
2
MALAISIA
1
INDONESIA
1
1
1
1
3
SEYCHELLES 1
COMOROS
GABON
2
1
MOZAMBIQUE
1
BOLIVIA
2
UGANDA
1
KENYA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
CAMBODIA
ETHIOPIA
1
CAMEROON
LAOS
INDIA
1
TOGO
GHANA
1
3
BENIN
CÔTE D’IVOIRE
1
2
BURKINA FASO
3
1
1
1
1
1
ECUADOR
2
2
1
COLOMBIA
2
2
VENEZUELA
1
EGYPT
2
1
1
1
1
1
MADAGASCAR
1
5
3
1
REUNION
CHILE
1
1
SOUTH AFRICA
1
GEOGRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION
OF CAPACITYBUILDING
1 JEAI
2 PEERS
3 DDS
ARGENTINA
1
4 ARTS
5 BEST
6 ATS
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
45
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
PROMOTING THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH
PROMOTING THE
RESULTS OF RESEARCH
87 %
AGREEMENTS SIGNED WITH
THE PRIVATE SECTOR
The results of research for the South are promoted in political, social and economic spheres via
partnerships and various services, including appraisals, actions to protect and use intellectual property,
and industrial partnerships. The annual revenue thus generated comes to €4.61 million.
Expert group review and consultancy
The expert group review of the situation and future of Lake Chad1,
commissioned by the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) and the French
Global Environment Facility (FGEF) was presented at N’Djamena in February
and at the AFD's head office in June. This review led to a bilingual publication
from Editions IRD and the release of an electronic version.
2014 also saw the launch of a new expert group review on "Deep mineral
resources in French Polynesia". The first workshop was held at Papeete on
3rd July 2014 and was an opportunity to list the expectations and guidelines
of the commissioning parties, the State and French Polynesia.
In addition, around fifteen institutional consultancies, covering inquiries,
surveys, project evaluations and training workshops, were finalised in 2014,
in response to calls for expressions of interest or at the request of public
authorities (World Bank), development agencies (such as the AFD) or private
concerns (e.g. Suez Environnement). The issues dealt with, as well as the
geographic areas concerned, were many and varied: a study into improved
access to and maintenance of women in quality jobs in the Mediterranean
region; map of the issues and stakeholders in underprivileged districts of
Greater Mumbai in India; support for the evaluation of the "mediators"
project in Benin; production of lists of fish species said to be essential in
Mayotte; a system of forecasting squall lines to help with offshore exploration
and operation in West Africa.
46
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Intellectual property and technology transfer
Despite abandoning inventions with low potential, the portfolio of inventions
patented by IRD continued to expand in 2014, with nine new applications
submitted. The portfolio now has 116 families, some of which are used under
licence by industrial concerns, generating revenue of more than €1 million
in licence fees. The share of this portfolio owned jointly by institutions from
the South remains stable at 30%.
IRD has appointed CVT Valorisation Sud to oversee the transfer of its
technologies to the social and economic world. We are starting to see some
very promising results ahead of the forthcoming signature of operating
licences. Moreover, we have also entered into discussions with the SATTs
(technological transfer acceleration companies), with around fifteen files
under study. These partnerships favour the funding of the most promising
technology development projects.
A number of technology transfer initiatives were continued, alongside the
actions of CVT Sud. Five licence agreements have been signed, including
one with the SATT Lutech, covering peptides for therapeutic use, and
another with a company founded in Morocco by a beneficiary of the PACEIM
scheme.
1
Lake Chad: Current Situations and Possible Outcomes.
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
PROMOTING THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH
DISTRIBUTION OF THE PATENT PORTFOLIO
Measurement devices
and other equipment
13%
Neglected diseases
27%
HIV
5% Plant genetics
Agronomy
25%
Aquaculture/Fishing
6%
Extraction of natural marine substances/
French Polynesia
Industrial partnerships
With research partnerships, scientific service provision, corporate
sponsorship, transfer of biological materials and confidentiality
agreements, an increasing number of researchers are turning to publicprivate partnerships to bring their research work to fruition. These
research partnerships, signed with industrials, entrepreneurs, professional
associations, and corporate foundations, involve all the Institute's major
research fields. As an example, several French companies, including
Colas SA, the Total Foundation and Veolia, provided financial backing for
the great Lengguru 2014 expedition in Indonesia.
In 2014, 87 agreements were signed with the private sector. More than half
of these agreements generate revenue for IRD's research teams, for a total
amount of €3.31 million from industrial contracts.
Business creation
Around a hundred entrepreneurs of various origins have benefited from support
via the schemes set up by IRD: Innodev incubators (Senegal), Bond'Innov
(France), Noumea Incubator (New Caledonia), Paceim scheme, etc.
To increase their number, IRD encourages the creation of North/South
networks of support structures (incubators, special schemes, investors,
etc.) for innovative start-up project backers in markets in the South. In 2014,
a dozen IRD spin-off companies were active around the world. To date,
they have led to around a hundred direct job creations with total income
of more than €2.5 million.
The Bond'innov incubator launched some new calls for projects. At the end
of 2014, 16 start-up projects were housed in incubators, ten of which have
activities linked to countries of the South.
Some of the highlights: on 6 November 2014, the second "North/South
innovative entrepreneurship" event was held on the IRD Bondy campus,
while the QuickDo BookBox, an innovative e-book downloading system,
presented to French president François Hollande at the Dakar Francophonie
summit.
In 2014, the New Caledonia "’iNCubateur" continued to grow with a new
director and new premises provided by IRD as part of the partnership with
Adecal (New Caledonia economic growth agency).
Pollution
Control
Environment
Bioremediation
7%
Other diseases
9%
Cosmetics
4%
Nutrition/Food
4%
François Hollande's visit to
the QuickDoobox project's
stand at Bondy
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
47
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATION
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE
AND COMMUNICATION
The dissemination of knowledge and the release of research results to research
communities and civil society, in both the North and South, are an important part
of the Institute's activity.
Science Festival/
Marseille
Disseminating knowledge
Promoting free access to knowledge
Several tools offering free access to resources have been developed. IRD
collects all publications by its researchers and makes them available via
the Horizon database and the HAL open archive. The Horizon database is
very widely consulted with 10,000 pdf documents downloaded every day,
most notably in countries of the South. In 2014, it was ranked second among
French open archives (moving up one place since 2013), in the Ranking Web
of Repositories by Webometrics, just behind HAL. On a worldwide level, it
is ranked 83rd (moving up 45 places), and is actually 44th for the richness
of its content, out of a total of more than 1,800 listed open archives.
IRD's documentation centres played an active role during the Semaine de
l’Open Access (open access week) and IRD has signed up to a partnership
between 28 French stakeholders in research to encourage Open Access and
the pooled HAL platform.
The Sphaera cartographic database is comprised of more than
18,000 references and helps disseminate news of the Institute's
achievements in terms of geographical information.
In 2014, nearly 3,250 new photos covering a number of the Institute's
research disciplines were added to the Indigo image bank which now
contains almost 58,000 documents, accessible over the internet.
48
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
IRD's publishing department opened its new web-based library in 2014,
with the possibility of secure online purchasing. With reference works,
high-quality illustrated books, atlases and maps, more than 300 items
published or co-published by the Institute, in paper and/or electronic
versions, are available on the web. Most works will soon be available in a
digital version. In addition, 25 works were published or co-published,
including: Une autre terre which questions environmental changes
occurring on a planetary scale, and La Nouvelle-Calédonie, un destin peu
commun, devoted to the future of this territory undergoing deep change.
A significant share of editorial production in 2014 focused on African or
Latin American issues and regions, with five titles on Africa and around a
dozen on South America.
Fourteen films were also produced or co-produced, and ten others are in
production. IRD took part in thirty or so festivals in France and abroad,
where six films were selected and two received awards. The full-length
feature on Lyme disease, co-produced with IRD, was watched by 1.1 million
viewers on the France 5 TV channel, accounting for a 4.2% audience share.
The documentary Attaque de requins à la Réunion : l’enquête obtained the
best audience figures of the year for its time slot on the Arte channel. The
Lengguru 2014 expedition was filmed for a series of documentaries to be
broadcast on Arte.
A DVD was also produced to enhance the paper version of the Atlas of New
Caledonia, published in partnership with the Congress of New Caledonia.
THE AGENCE INTER-ÉTABLISSEMENTS DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATION
It provides hundreds of previously unpublished maps and plans, more
than 1,400 photographs, along with audio and video documents, notices
and statistical data.
Fifty-two colloquiums received support, including the international
"Family farming and research" event held in Montpellier as part of the
International Year of Family Farming.
10,000 %
PDF DOCUMENTS DOWNLOADED
EVERY DAY IN THE HORIZON
DATABASE
Helping promote the Institute
More than 50 press releases and press packs were issued in 2014, resulting
in almost 2,580 press mentions. These included: 27 articles in Le Monde,
26 AFP reports, 15 articles in Liberation, 20 articles in Le Figaro, 50 programmes or interviews on RFI, 30 on France Culture, 24 on France Inter and
13 articles in La Recherche.
Scientific news sheets present the most recent IRD research results two
or three times per month. Presently, more than 500 of these sheets can
be consulted on www.ird.fr. Intended for French and foreign media, the
governing ministries, IRD partners, decision-makers and the public, they
provide an up-to-date summary of current research information. In 2014,
23 scientific news sheets resulted in more than 150 articles in the press.
The periodical Sciences au Sud, with circulation of 70,000 in more than
120 countries, invites partner institutions to contribute; highlights last year
included interviews with Monique Barbut, Executive Secretary of the United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Manuel PulgarVidel, Peru's environment minister and chair of the COP 20 in Lima.
IRD's websites benefit from high visibility in the South. IRD also boosted its
presence on the social networks, with the number of Facebook and Twitter
followers increasing respectively by 59% and 76% last year.
Strengthening ties between science and society
Raising society's awareness about the challenges of research for
development and rallying younger generations around these questions
has led IRD to roll out a broad palette of activities in France and in the
countries of the South.
Twenty-five travelling exhibitions, including four new ones, are now
available. In the French network abroad and in the overseas regions and
communities, the IRD exhibitions were presented 73 times in 21 different
countries and 59 times in mainland France.
Researchers contributed and took part in 245 conferences for the general
public, including 75% in the overseas regions and communities and in
the countries of the South. Conferences for high school students were also
organised as part of the Lengguru expedition, in France and in Indonesia.
Young people benefited from some innovative educational initiatives:
during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 academic years, IRD ran Webradio
fennec, an introduction to environmental sciences and radio, in
partnership with universities and associations in Cameroon, Morocco,
Central African Republic and France. Supervised by researchers and
journalists, 18 clubs of almost 200 students produced 67 programmes on
their environment (broadcast on www.webradiofennec.fr and over the local
airwaves). The project received backing from the International Organization
of la Francophonie, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region and sponsorship
from Radio France Internationale.
The "Villes en questions" (city issues) scheme was followed by 200 high
school students. Accompanied by 15 social science researchers, 20 teachers
and 5 mediators, these young people received an introduction to the
scientific approach throughout their school year, where the goal was to
understand the social relationships in different parts of their town and
to carry out surveys on this theme. The programme has its own website
and finished with an international conference that brought together the
French, Moroccan, and Tunisian participants to discuss the question "How
do Mediterranean city-dwellers live together?" Lastly, one thousand high
school students from the PACA region were able to follow conferences on
the Institute's headline issues.
AN INNOVATIVE SCHEME
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR
OF FAMILY FARMING.
IRD launched a new web platform named "Suds
en ligne" containing photo galleries and a
web documentary. It is both entertaining and
educational, showing how researchers help farming
communities to address the three main challenges
of family farming: feeding people, protecting the
environment and fighting poverty. This platform also
gives web visitors the chance to see the exhibition
on the diversity of family farming in countries of the
South, produced in 2014.
For more information:
http://www.suds-en-ligne.ird.fr/agriculture
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
49
RESEARCH RESOURCES
50
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
RESEARCH RESOURCES
RESEARCH
RESOURCES
52
Human resources
54
Social responsibility,
an institutional commitment
56
Financial resources
58
The quality approach to research The Information System
The year 2014 built on the different roadmaps
approved by the board of directors since 2011:
the telecommunications and information systems
masterplan (SDSIT), multi-annual real estate strategy
outline (SPSI), the multi-annual strategy for optimising
support functions and management processes,
IRD's CSR policy and the purchasing action plan.
2014 was also marked by the national professional
elections held at the end of the year, to renew
the bodies for social dialogue.
59
Platforms open to our partners
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
51
RESEARCH RESOURCES
HUMAN RESOURCES
HUMAN RESOURCES
IRD is present in nearly 50 countries where it rolls out its
activities in a very wide variety of working cultures. It endeavours
to improve knowledge of its agents' work and their working
conditions in the North and the South, in order to provide better
support for their careers.
Hydrologists
in the field/Cameroon
FLOW OF MISSIONS
in number of days
NORTH/NORTH: 25,215
(15%)
NORTH/SOUTH:
46,613
(27%)
SOUTH/NORTH:
33,662
(19%)
SOUTH/SOUTH: 68,210
(39%)
On 31 December 2014, the Institute employed 2,062 agents, all statuses
combined, including 835 researchers, 935 engineers and technicians and
451 people recruited in countries of the South (292 permanent staff and
159 temporary workers).
The Human Resources department endeavours to improve knowledge of
IRD agents' work and their working conditions in the North and the South,
in order to provide better support for their careers.
In the North, a review of the activities of engineers
and technicians (ET)
As part of the work to renew the review of ET activities (provided for in the
decree dated 02 October 1985 on the special status of public servants), a pilot
phase began during the second half of 2014 with the research management
commissions and the related applications (CGRA1 and CGRA2). Intended to
improve working conditions for ET staff in their professional environment,
this review should result in reinforced capacities for everyone by calling on
personal and group knowledge. Compliant with the conclusions of the CTEP
52
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
(public establishment technical committee) from 11 June 2013, the review of
activities is scheduled for each structure, once every five years. The review
covers the working conditions of the various functions within the structure.
In the South, the human resources planning project
Included in the performance contract in place since 2012, in liaison with
the Senior Management Team for Science, this project will enable IRD to
better anticipate its requirements in terms of organisation, staff numbers
and skills. The priority is to focus work on activities in the South. The
reflection process addressed resources available outside Mainland France:
418 expatriates (research staff plus technical and administrative support
staff) and 292 people employed under local law in our 26 representations.
In 2014, work was done to map all the functions in place in representations
and concerning research activities with our partners. This gave us better
knowledge of all issues faced by our agents in the South, regardless of their
status.
RESEARCH RESOURCES
HUMAN RESOURCES
PYRAMID OF AGES1
Age
3
129
159
171
South Pacific
5.2% (107 staff members)
Latin America
and Caribbean
5.8% (119 staff members)
West Africa
and Central Africa
13% (269 staff members)
1
[40-44]
122
[35-39]
180
[25-29]
8
130
80
102
89
[30-34]
Total male
1,126
230
134
145
157
143
[45-49]
46
South-East Asia
4.6 % (94 staff members)
104
[50-54]
74
Mediterranean
2.6% (53 staff members)
37
[55-59]
In % number of agents. Total 2,0 62 agents
South Africa, East Africa
and Indian Ocean
3.2% (67 staff members)
3
[60-64]
210
204
DISTRIBUTION OF STAFF BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA1
[65-69]
[20-24]
Total female
926
12
20
30
70
Male staff
Metropolitan
France
65.6%
(1,352 staff
members)
Europe - North
America
0% (1 staff
member)
170
Female staff
Figures as on 31/12/14
Research
into rice resistance
in Montpellier
THE STAFF
TENURED
AND HOSTED
Excluding locally recruited temporary staff.
RESEARCHERS
ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS
TOTAL
For all staff, actions to strengthen professional
expertise
In 2014, ongoing training focused on the design and implementation of new,
innovative group training actions.
As such, the "partnership practices" course was delivered to 37 researchers,
recruited over 2012 and 2013, with eight days of training split into four
modules. This annual course will be run again in 2015.
Other key actions were implemented for the scientific community aiming to
develop skills upstream and downstream of their core profession, namely:
"Supervising a PhD student from the South" and "Managing a project team."
120
CONTRACTUAL
WORKERS GOVERNED BY
FRENCH PUBLIC LAW
CONTRACTUAL
WORKERS GOVERNED
BY LOCAL LAW
"CHAIRES MIXTES"
PROGRAM
TOTAL
759
694
69
241
292
7
-
835
1,227
1,453
310
292
7
2,062
DISTRIBUTION OF STAFF BY SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS
SCIENTIFIC
DEPARTMENTS
METROPOLITAN
FRANCE
ENVIRONMENT
AND RESOURCES
HEALTH
COMMUNITIES
TOTAL
WESTERN AND
CENTRAL AFRICA
LATIN
AMERICA AND
CARIBBEAN
ASIA
PACIFC
MEDITERRANEAN
EAST AFRICA AND
INDIAN OCEAN
EUROPE - NORTH
AMERICA
TOTAL
606
78
50
43
55
25
26
-
883
157
162
59
18
4
7
16
4
1
3
10
3
8
1
-
241
212
925
155
61
63
59
35
37
1
1,336
Figures as on 31/12/14
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
53
RESEARCH RESOURCES
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AN INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY,
AN INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT
In 2013, IRD's board of directors adopted the institution's CSR policy.
Sustainable development: compliance with
regulatory requirements when producing reports
According to the regulations, under the terms of the French "Grenelle II"
law, IRD is required to produce a report on greenhouse gas emissions
related to its activities. In accordance with regulations, this report only
considers direct emissions (from buildings and vehicles managed by
IRD) and indirect emissions related to electricity consumption (buildings
managed only) on French territory. Produced for the first time in 2013 using
data for 2012, greenhouse gas emissions came to 4,027 t CO2eq (partial
report covering the regulatory scope).
Within the framework of its social responsibility approach, IRD has chosen
to gradually go beyond its regulatory requirements and to expand its carbon
footprint report to cover emissions for all its activities and sites, in France
and abroad (greenhouse gas emissions related to staff travel, purchases
and waste management).
In 2014, the full report on greenhouse gas emissions for the activities
of research units and support activities reporting to the France-South
representation was produced: greenhouse gas emissions came to
7,610 t CO2eq (on the basis of activity data for 2012).
The production of this carbon footprint report will be gradually rolled out
to all IRD sites.
Analysing seawater
samples/Vietnam
54
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
RESEARCH RESOURCES
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AN INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENTX
Employer's social responsibility:
greater attention
In 2014, the organisation and procedures of the medical committee and the
IRD reform commission were updated.
Within the framework of the first IRD agreement with the Funds for the
employment of people with disabilities in the public sector (FIPHFP), the
Institute has continued with its ambitious policy to employ workers with
disabilities and adapt their working conditions. Six people were integrated
via this scheme.
IRD continued its efforts to reconcile private and professional life over 2014.
In addition to the subsidiary to the association for social action, e.g. social
rehabilitation, the CESU service voucher scheme was expanded to include
childcare for children aged from 2 months to 6 years. With a budget of
€1,450,000, around €900,000 were devoted to social benefits.
An action plan to implement and consolidate
the commitment to parity
Professional equality is an important issue for the Institute, in particular
in terms of partnerships with developing countries. It is part of a national
policy where the public sector has a duty to set an example.
To pursue with awareness-raising actions and contribute to the
dissemination of a spirit of gender equality within IRD, the actions
initiated at the outset of the Parity mission in 2011 were strengthened and
diversified in 2014, most notably with the organisation of meetings in our
representations, the sending out of a questionnaire on the perception of
parity by staff, action on request from the Institute's various bodies and the
distribution of the film "l’une est l’autre" via the social networks.
Relations with other networks in the field of professional equality
were developed and strengthened in France and abroad.
Following the signature of a charter for gender equality at IRD by the
prefect of the PACA region and IRD's president in 2013, an action plan
for professional gender equality was discussed by the parity committee
and is now being finalised. More than sixty tangible measures have been
identified. It now remains to establish a dialogue with the various bodies
and finalise this plan through negotiations with the different stakeholders
at the Institute. The plan should be implemented some time in 2015.
Finally, the charter for gender equality was translated into Malagasy, Portuguese, Spanish, Arabic and English and distributed to all our partners
in the South via the Institute's representations.
Analysis of the effects
of carbon in Halong bay/Vietnam
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
55
RESEARCH RESOURCES
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Effective management control was applied during the financial year. The Institute's net
income amounts to €237.194 million for €234.453 million of expenditure.
The funds received correspond to a €202.720M Government subsidy (SCSP)
(i.e. 85.5% of total income), research contracts (€28.687M, i.e. 12.1%), services
provided and other income (€5.787 million, i.e. 2.4%). The payroll represents
€168.745 million, €24.64 million of which is expatriation or away-from-home
allowances, i.e. 71.97% of expenses (down by 1.76% compared to 2013).
Research unit expenses amount to €150.453 million (up €500K compared to
the previous year), i.e. 64.2% of the resources used in 2014.
Funding for partnership instruments and
programmes
The restricted national financial and budgetary context resulted in a
€2.3 million reduction of the Institute' SCSP subsidiary compared to 2013
(a fall of 1.12%). However, the resources allocated to partnership structuring
mechanisms in the South actually rose under the combined effect of ringfencing of resources attributed through State subsidies and a rise in the
portion of expenses funded by contractual resources.
Allocations to the 8 PPRs and 26 ICLs active in 2014 come to an overall
total of €1.626 million (versus €1.600 million in 2013). North-South interestablishment programmes recorded expenses of more than €1 million, with
the rising impact of projects such as STDF, Agrobiosphere, Guayamazon and
Erafrica. Expenses covered by contractual revenues rose by €3.4 million
(14%) to stand at €27.597 million; the future investment programmes
(PIA) contribute to this growth, mostly through the Labex Parafrap and the
Idex Picurs. All in all, these contracts take the total commitments received
by IRD for PIA to more than €13 million.
Alis, the oceanographic research ship/
French Polynesia
56
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
An active investment policy on behalf of the research
environment
In terms of scientific investments stricto sensu, the operational and
technical capacities of IRD's two deep-sea vessels, the Alis and the Antea,
increased significantly due to the substantial rise in the allowance for the
TGIR major research infrastructure fleet (€5.3 million versus €4 million in
2013). The scientific equipment programmes were rolled out in line with the
initial funding schedule. Several large-scale projects should also be pointed
ORIGINS OF THE ALLOCATED RESOURCES
Total €30.56M
Foreign private partners
(including international
organisations)
12.85% (€3.92M)
Other foreign
public partners
11.46% (€3.50M)
European funds
7.51% (€2.29M)
Agence nationale de
la recherche (ANR)
24.62 % (€7.52M)
French private
partners
8.18% (€2.49M)
Other French public
organisations
14.74% (€4.50M)
French public
establishments
2.69% (€0.82M)
French Ministries
9.49% (€2.90M)
Local
governments
8.46% (€2.58M)
out: the construction of the insectarium at the Montpellier centre (work
done in 2014: €1.472 million), the Bondy digital campus project (€183K),
and IRD's participation in the Oceanomed project at the Luminy campus
in Marseille (€400K).
The multi-annual real estate strategy outline (SPSI) 2012- 2015 continues
to be applied. With an authorised €3 million commitment in 2014, the fund
enabled the completion of work to resolve issues at sites where there were
high risks for personal safety and the security of property (including the
launch of asbestos removal work at the Guyana centre for an overall amount
of €2.483 million).
The telecommunications and information systems masterplan
(SDSIT) saw the commitment of €1.2 million, enabling the launch of the
necessary modernisation work in all IRD strategic fields, namely research,
partnerships and management, with a view to pooling and modernising
the UMRs' tools.
The plan to renew and modernise the vehicle fleet, launched in 2013,
recoded expenses of €770K in 2014. This plan was drafted to comply with
ministerial recommendations and, beyond that, with a goal to improve
and secure the conditions of scientific research in countries in the South.
In 2014, with a view to rationalising costs and improving service quality, a
contract was signed with an authorised representative for procurement in
the Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan Africa.
RESEARCH RESOURCES
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
EXPENSES OF THE UNITS (IN €M)
THE IRD ’S RESOURCES
STAFF
EXPENSES
OPERATIONS AND
INVESTMENT
ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
HEALTH DEPARTMENT
SOCIETIES DEPARTMENT
80.39
16.78
97.17
21.54
6.77
28.31
22.24
2.74
24.98
TOTAL
124.17
26.29
150.46
STAFF
EXPENSES
OPERATIONS AND
INVESTMENT
GRAND TOTAL
BY DESTINATION
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
RESEARCH PROGRAM
CLIMATE AND NATURAL RISKS
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SOUTHERN ECOSYSTEMS
CONTINENTAL AND COASTAL WATERS
FOOD SECURITY IN THE SOUTH
HEALTH SECURITY AND HEALTH POLICY
DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALISATION
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
BY DESTINATION
6.34
0.79
7.13
24.31
3.87
28.17
21.66
4.18
25.84
22.99
4.82
27.82
21.54
6.77
28.31
27.33
5.85
33.18
124.17
26.28
150.45
TOTAL
Value-added
products
1.3% (€3.14M)
Other subsidies
and incomes
1.1% (€2.65M)
Research agreements
and donations
12.1% (€28.69M)
Government subsidies
85.5% (€202.72M)
GEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOWN OF EXPENSES
EXPENDITURE ON CROSS-CUTTING ACTIVITIES (IN €M)
SOUTHERN RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMME
SOUTHERN PROMOTION
INFORMATION AND SCIENTIFI C CULTURE FOR THE SOUTH
GEOSTRATEGY & PARTNERSHIP
SCIENTIFI C COORDINATION
SCIENTIFI C ASSESSMENT. ETHICS
CONTINUOUS TRAINING
AIRD AGENCY
FI/IP NAVAL RESOURCES
LARGE-SCALE SCIENTIFI C FACILITIES
Total €237.19M
STAFF
EXPENSES
OPERATIONS AND
INVESTMENT
GRAND TOTAL
BY DESTINATION
1.26
4.09
5.34
1.45
1.73
3.18
4.18
1.30
5.48
10.16
2.97
13.13
Total €234.45M
Metropolitan
France
Africa and Indian
Ocean
Overseas
territories
3.05
1.10
4.15
0.34
0.35
0.70
Latin America
0.19
1.14
1.33
0.29
0.91
1.20
Asia
-
4.86
4.86
Mediterranean
-
0.04
0.04
20.92
18.49
39.41
Other countries
STAFF
EXPENSES
OPERATIONS AND
INVESTMENT
GRAND TOTAL
BY DESTINATION
SUPPORT FUNCTION EXPENDITURE (IN €M)
SOCIAL ACTION
INFORMATION SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE
HEAVY WORK
CONSTRUCTION WORK
TERRITORIAL SERVICES
CENTRAL SERVICES
FINANCIAL OPERATIONS
OTHER GENERAL EXPENSES
0.09
1.49
1.58
3.45
5.57
9.02
-
0.08
0.08
-
2.93
2.93
-
0.40
0.40
9.29
4.13
13.43
9.17
6.05
15.22
-
0.23
0.23
1.64
0.04
1.68
TOTAL
23.64
20.92
44.57
GRAND TOTAL 2014
168.73
65.69
234.43
147.30
20.37
6.05
33.08
13.05
13.99
0.62
THE IRD ’S TOTAL EXPENSES BY TYPE
Total €234.45M
Unscheduled
operations
and investments
25.7% (€60.26M)
Scheduled investments
2.32% (€5.45M)
Staff
71.98% (€168.74M)
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
57
RESEARCH RESOURCES
THE QUALITY APPROACH TO RESEARCH - THE INFORMATION SYSTEM
THE QUALITY APPROACH TO RESEARCH
In 2014, the quality approach focused on improving research support
activities. This institute-wide project, initiated in 2013 within the framework
of the multi-annual strategy to optimise the support functions and
management processes, aims to establish more effective cross-departmental
management processes to the benefit of research. The project for a single
quality management system will put forward proposals for joint procedures
and coordination of activity to ensure better management, through the use
of monitoring indicators, failure management and work in networks with
the various stakeholders involved.
THE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Implementation of the telecommunications and information systems masterplan is 78% complete.
The resources of IRD's information system were principally mobilised to meet the demands of the
performance contract. The balance between the qualitative and quantitative costs and gains for
the Institute's various activities was quantified.
Innovating to cut costs and offer scientists
secure solutions
The introduction of an economic model based on the rental of infrastructure
services (private cloud) has helped cut recurring costs, released the investment budgets, enabled the establishment of an IT continuity plan in the event
of a major incident, and permitted more flexible management and greater
responsiveness to requests. This innovative, secure solution has helped
widen the response to scientific teams' expectations: the virtual working
environment, big volumes of data storage, website hosting, backing up the
workstation and mobile working.
Assisting research and partnerships
with the countries of the South
In the framework of the Spirales1 call for projects, support was provided to
11 units with regard to the IT aspect of scientific projects active in the South.
This was, for example, the case for the project to develop an open data portal
on fault lines in South America. The project was initiated in Peru but has now
been expanded to Ecuador.
Helping to reduce the digital divide in West
and Central Africa
The Tandem project was selected by the European Commission with funding
of €1.2 million. Over recent years, IRD has been working with Cirad and
Renater2 to support the development of dedicated computing networks for
higher education and research in West and Central Africa. These national
networks (NREN3) are interconnected at regional level (RREN4) then
internationally, creating the worldwide higher education and research
computing network. As West and Central Africa is the region where the digital
divide is the severest, Wacren, the region's network, is not very advanced.
With a view to reinforcing capacities, the goal of Tandem is to support the
development of Wacren, making it eligible for European Africa-Connect
funding and, in the long term, facilitating its integration into the worldwide
network.
Facilitating support functions and support for science
The project enabling IRD to comply with the main guidelines of the GBCP
(public budgetary and accounts management) reform as of 1 January 2016
and make this a driver of modernisation, has been initiated.
A website selling the 1,500 works published by IRD (own collections and
co-publishing) has been set up.
Better publicising the services available for users
The service offering has been restructured to make it more legible and easier
to access for all 5,000 users of the Institute's IS, IRD agents and partners from
the North and South.
Certain services have been improved or completed, and new services are
being developed. Requests may be submitted via the DSI-assistance portal.
Satellite dish/Guiana
1
2
58
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
SPIRALES provides direct support (financial, methodological and expertise) to research teams, in terms of research computing.
GIP RENATER: National telecommunications network for Technology, Education and Research. 3 NREN: National Research and Education Network. 4 RREN: Regional Research and Education Network.
RESEARCH RESOURCES
PLATFORMS OPEN TO OUR PARTNERS
PLATFORMS OPEN TO OUR
PARTNERS
The IRD is committed to a resource pooling strategy to make
cutting-edge equipment available, not only in Metropolitan France,
but also in Southern countries.
Several technological platforms for innovative research, such as Alyses,
dedicated to tropical soil and sediment research, or CapMédiTrop, which
focuses on the genetic analysis of cultivated tropical plants. In the health
sector, centres for research and monitoring (CRV – centres de recherche et
de veille) have been created. The CRV-OI on emerging diseases in the Indian
Ocean, established in 2007 in response to the Chikungunya epidemic that
occurred in the region.
The multi-disciplinary observatory in Niakhar, Senegal, offers another
example of the interest of pooling resources to improve research quality. It
is one of the oldest health and demographic monitoring systems in Africa.
Vast resources have also been dedicated to ecosystem observation and
research: the networks of satellite branches (SEAS), the environmental
research observatories (ORE), and the tropical herbaria in Nouméa and
Cayenne.
The ocean station vessels Alis and Antea also cruise the Pacific and tropical
Atlantic, enabling researchers to conduct oceanographic campaigns
through partnerships.
THE JOINT
INTERNATIONAL
LABORATORY TREMA
DEALING WITH "REMOTE
SENSING OF WATER
RESOURCES IN THE SEMI-ARID
MEDITERRANEAN AREA”
LMI Trema was created in 2011 within the
framework of the program Sudmed. It is based
on a collaboration, built for more than 10 years
between the IRD and its partners in Marrakech.
The objective is to lead a research finalized in
connection with the public policies on the general
theme of the sustainable management of the
water in the South Mediterranean by associating
hydroecological modelling, spatial observation
and in situ measures. The zone of study is the pond
of Tensift situated near Marrakech. These works
allow to improve the understanding of processes of
redistribution of water and to establish scenarios
of evolution of this resource in a context of climate
change. The team also developed operational tools
of decision-making support regarding management
of irrigation water (Samir software).
For more information: http://trema.ucam.ac.ma/
Herbarium in Nouméa/
New Caledonia
Weather station (ICL Trema)/
Morocco
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
59
ANNEXES
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
60
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
ANNEXES
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
APPENDICES
62
IRD sites across the world
64
The research units
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
61
APPENDICES
IRD SITES ACROSS THE WORLD
IRD SITES ACROSS THE WORLD
MAINLAND FRANCE
AND EUROPE
Registered office:
44 bd de Dunkerque
CS 90009 - 13572 Marseille cedex 02
Tel.: 33 (0)4 91 99 92 00
Fax: 33 (0)4 91 99 92 22
www.ird.fr
IRD Centre - France-Nord
Director: Dominique Cavet
32 avenue Henri-Varagnat - 93143 Bondy cedex
Tel.: 33 (0)1 48 02 55 00
Fax: 33 (0)1 48 47 30 88
bondy@ird.fr
www.france-nord.ird.fr
Centre IRD France-Sud
Director: Michel Petit
911 avenue Agropolis - BP 64501 - 34394 Montpellier
cedex 5
Tel.: 33 (0)4 67 41 61 00
Fax: 33 (0)4 67 41 63 30
montpellier@ird.fr
www.france-sud.ird.fr
IRD - CLORA
Representative: Philippe Cury
8, avenue des Arts
B1210 Brussels
Belgium
Tel.: (32 2) 506 88 48
Fax: (32 2) 506 88 45
bruxelles@ird.fr
62
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
SOUTHERN AFRICA, EAST
AFRICA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN
South Africa
(regions covered: Angola Botswana - Mozambique - Zimbabwe)
Representative: Jean Albergel
Postnet Suite 164 – Private bag X844
Silverton – 0127 Pretoria
South Africa
Tel.: 27 (0) 12 844 0117/0118
Fax: 27 (0) 12 844 0119
afrique-du-sud@ird.fr
www.afrique-australe.ird.fr
Kenya
(regions covered: Burundi - Djibouti - Ethiopia Uganda - Rwanda - Tanzania)
Representative: Alain Borgel
IRD - C/o Icraf
United Nations Avenue, Gigiri
P.O. Box 30677 - 00100 Nairobi
Kenya
Tel.: (254 20) 722 47 58
Fax: (254 20) 722 40 01
kenya@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/kenya
La Réunion
(regions covered: Mayotte, Scattered Islands
in the Indian Ocean)
Representative: Pascale Chabanet
• Postal address:
IRD La Réunion - CS 41095
• Physical address:
2, rue Joseph Wetzell
Parc technologique universitaire
97495 Sainte-Clotilde cedex, La Réunion
Tel.: 262 (0)2 62 52 89 19
Fax: 262 (0)2 62 48 33 53
la-reunion@ird.fr
www.la-reunion.ird.fr
Madagascar
(regions covered: Comoros - Seychelles – Mauritius)
Representative: Éric Blanchard (acting representative)
IRD près Lot VB 22
Ambatoroka
Route d’Ambohipo - BP 434
101 Antananarivo - Madagascar
Tel.: (261 20) 22 330 98
Fax: (261 20) 22 369 82
madagascar@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/madagascar
WEST AND CENTRAL
AFRICA
Benin
(regions covered: Ghana - Nigeria - Togo)
Representative: Jean-Philippe Chippaux
IRD - Résidence " Les Cocotiers ”
08 BP 841 - Cotonou - Benin
Tel.: (229) 21 30 03 54
Fax: (229) 21 30 88 60
benin@ird.fr
www.benin.ird.fr
Burkina Faso
Representative: Jean-Marc Leblanc
IRD - 688 avenue Pr. Joseph Ki-Zerbo,
Secteur 4, 01 BP 182 - Ouagadougou 01 - Burkina Faso
Tel.: (226) 50 30 67 37 / 39
Fax: (226) 50 31 03 85
burkina-faso@ird.fr
www.burkina-faso.ird.fr
Cameroon
(regions covered: Congo - Gabon - Equatorial Guinea Central African Republic - Democratic Republic
of Congo)
Representative: Bruno Bordage
IRD - Rue 1095 Joseph Essono Balla
Quartier Elig Essono - BP 1857 - Yaoundé - Cameroon
Tel.: (237) 22 20 15 08 - (237) 22 21 17 36
Fax: (237) 22 20 18 54
cameroun@ird.fr
www.cameroun.ird.fr
Côte d’Ivoire
Representative: Jean-Marc Hougard
Université Félix Houphouët Boigny
IRD - Commune de Cocody
3800 Abidjan 08 - République de Côte d’Ivoire
Tel.: (225) 22 48 50 00
Fax: (225) 22 48 50 08
cote-ivoire@ird.fr
www.cote-ivoire.ird.fr
Mali
(region covered: Guinea)
Representative: Bruno Sicard
IRD - Numéro 2000, rue 234
Quartier Hippodrome - BP 2528
Bamako - Mali
Tel.: (223) 20 21 05 01 / 12
Fax: (223) 20 21 64 44
mali@ird.fr
www.mali.ird.fr
Niger
(region covered: Chad)
Representative: Oumarou Malam Issa
IRD - 276 avenue de Maradi
BP 11416 - Niamey
Niger
Tel.: (227) 20 75 31 15 / 26 10 - (227) 20 75 25 30
Fax: (227) 20 75 28 04
niger@ird.fr
www.ird.ne
Senegal
(regions covered: Cape Verde - Gambia - Guinea
Bissau - Mauritania)
Representative: Laurent Vidal
Campus international, université Cheik Anta Diop IRD de Hann
Route des pères maristes
BP 1386 - CP 18524 Dakar - Senegal
Tel.: (221) 33 849 35 35
Fax: (221) 33 832 43 07
senegal@ird.fr
www.senegal.ird.fr
MEDITERRANEAN
Egypt
(regions covered: Jordan - Lebanon - Libya Syria)
Representative: Sarah Ben Nefissa
37 rue al-Cheikh Aly Youssef
BP 11441 Le Caire - Egypt
Tel.: +20 12 71 70 06 00 / +20 12 71 70 09 00
egypte@ird.fr
www.eg.ird.fr
Morocco
Representative: Benoît Lootvoet
IRD - 15 rue Abou Derr
BP 8967 - 10000 Rabat-Agdal
Morocco
Tel.: (212) 537 67 27 33 / 12 66
Fax: (212) 537 67 27 43
maroc@ird.fr
www.ird.fr/maroc
Tunisia
(region covered: Algeria)
Representative: Abdelghani Chehbouni
IRD - BP 434 - 5 impasse Chehrazade
El Menzah 4 - 1004 Tunis - Tunisia
Tel.: (216 71) 75 00 09 / 01 83
Fax: (216 71) 75 02 54
tunisie@ird.fr
www.tunisie.ird.fr
LATIN AMERICA
AND CARIBBEAN
Bolivia
Representative: Jacques Gardon
IRD - CP 9214 - 00095 La Paz - Bolivia
Tel.: (591 2) 278 29 69 / 42
Fax: (591 2) 278 29 44
bolivie@ird.fr
www.bo.ird.fr
APPENDICES
IRD SITES ACROSS THE WORLD
Brazil
(region covered: Paraguay)
Representative: Frédéric Huynh
IRD - CP 7091 - Lago Sul
71645-970 - Brasilia - DF - Brazil
Tel.: (55 61) 32 48 53 23
Fax: (55 61) 32 48 53 78
bresil@ird.fr
www.brasil.ird.fr
Chile
(regions covered: Argentina - Uruguay)
Representative: Sébastien Carretier
IRD - Dr. Manuel Barros Borgoño 198 , 2º piso,
Providencia, Santiago - Chile
Tel.: 56 2 2236 34 64
Fax: 56 02 2236 34 63
chili@ird.fr
www.chile.ird.fr
Ecuador
Representative: Olivier Dangles
Alemania N32-188 y Guayanas
Apartado 17-12-857
Quito - Ecuador
Tel.: (593 2) 250 39 44 Fax: (593 2) 250 17 46
equateur@ird.fr
www.equateur.ird.fr
Mexico
(regions covered: Cuba - Central American
states)
Representative: Alessandro Rizzo
IRD - Antiguo Edificio de Posgrado
2º Piso, Ciudad Universitaria
Mexico, D.F.
C.P. 04510 - Mexico
Tel. and Fax: (52 55) 52 80 76 88
mexique@ird.fr
www.mexique.ird.fr
Peru
(regions covered: Colombia - Venezuela)
Representative: Jean-Loup Guyot
IRD - Casilla 18 - 1209
Lima 18 - Peru
Tel.: (51 1) 441 32 23
Fax: (51 1) 441 32 23 22
perou@ird.fr
www.peru.ird.fr
ASIA
Indonesia
Representative: Michel Brossard
IRD Guyane - 275 Route de Montabo
BP 90165 - 97323 Cayenne Cedex
Tel.: 594 (0)5 94 29 92 92
Fax: 594 (0)5 94 31 98 55
guyane@ird.fr
www.cayenne.ird.fr
(region covered: East Timor)
Representative: Jean-Christophe Avarre (acting
representative)
Graha Kapital 1, Lantai 2, S 205
Jalan Kemang Raya 4 - Jakarta 12730 Indonesia
Tel.: (62 21) 71 79 46 51
Fax: (62 21) 71 79 46 52
indonesie@ird.fr
www.indonesie.ird.fr
Martinique
Laos
French Guiana
(regions covered: Guadeloupe Saint-Barthélémy - Saint-Martin - Caribbean basin)
Representative: Patrick Quénéhervé
IRD - 3 rue de la Rose des vents
BP 8006 - 97259 Fort-de-France cedex
Tel.: 596 (0)5 96 39 77 39
Fax: 596 (0)5 96 50 32 61
martinique@ird.fr
www.martinique.ird.fr
(region covered: Cambodia)
Representative: Marc Souris
IRD - Ban Sisangvone - BP 5992 - Vientiane
Republic of Laos
Tel.: (856 21) 45 27 07
Fax: (856 21) 41 29 93
laos@ird.fr
www.laos.ird.org
Thailand
(regions covered: Burma - India - Nepal)
Representative: Jacques Berger
179 wittayu Road road, Kwaeng Lumpini,
Khet Pathumwan
Bangkok 10330 - Thailand
Tel.: (662) 677 32 50
thailande@ird.fr
www.thailande.ird.fr
Vietnam
(region covered: Philippines)
Representative: Jean-Pascal Torréton
IRD - Quartier diplomatique de Van Phuc
Appartement 103, bâtiment 2G
298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh
Hanoi - Vietnam
Tel.: (84 4) 37 34 66 56
Fax: (84 4) 37 34 67 14
vietnam@ird.fr
www.vietnam.ird.fr
REGIONAL
COORDINATORS
Mediterranean
Saïd Jabbouri, representative in Egypt
Said.jabbouri@ird.fr
West and Central Africa
Bruno Bordage, representative in Cameroon
bruno.bordage@ird.fr
Southern Africa, East Africa and
the Indian Ocean
Alain Borgel, representative in Kenya
Alain.borgel@ird.fr
South and Central America and
the Caribbean region
Jean-Loup Guyot, representative in Peru
Jean-loup.guyot@ird.fr
PACIFIC
New Caledonia
(regions covered: Australia - Fiji - New Zealand Papua New Guinea- Salomon - Samoa - Tonga - Tuvalu Vanuatu - Wallis and Futuna)
Representative: Georges De Noni
IRD - 101, promenade Roger Laroque
Anse Vata - BP A5 - 98848
Nouméa cedex
Tel.: (687) 26 10 00
Fax: (687) 26 43 26
nouvelle-caledonie@ird.fr
www.nouvelle-caledonie.ird.fr
South-East Asia
Jean-Pascal Torreton, representative
in Vietnam
Jean-pascal.torreton@ird.fr
South Pacific
Georges De Noni, representative
in New Caledonia
Georges.de-noni@ird.fr
French Polynesia
Representative: Marc Taquet
IRD - Chemin de l’Arahiri - PK 3,5
Arue - BP 529 - 98713 Papeete - Tahiti
Tel.: (689) 47 42 00
Fax: (689) 42 95 55
polynesie@ird.fr
www.polynesie.ird.fr
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
63
APPENDICES
THE RESEARCH UNITS
THE RESEARCH UNITS
ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES
UMR AMAP | IRD Unit 123
FOURCAUD Thierry\Plant architecture, functioning
and evolution
thierry.fourcaud@ird.fr
www.amap.cirad.fr
UMR BOREA | IRD Unit 207
DUFOUR Sylvie\Biology of aquatic organisms
and ecosystems
dufour@mnhn.fr
www.mnhn.fr/mnhn/UMR7208
UMR ENTROPIE | IRD Unit 250
PAYRI Claude\Tropical marine ecology of the Pacific
and Indian oceans
claude.payri@ird.fr
www.coreus.ird.fr
UMR ESPACE-DEV | IRD Unit 228
SEYLER Frédérique\Space for Development
frederique.seyler@ird.fr
www.espace.ird.fr
UMR CBGP | IRD Unit 022
VANLERBERGHE Flavie\ Centre for biology
and management of populations
dircbgp@supagro.inra.fr
www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP
UMR G-EAU | IRD Unit 183
BARRETEAU Olivier\Water management,
stakeholders and uses
g-eau@ird.fr
www.g-eau.net
UMR CEREGE | IRD Unit 161
THOUVENY Nicolas\European centre for research
and teaching in environmental geosciences
direction@cerege.fr - thouveny@cerege.fr
www.cerege.fr
UMR GEOAZUR | IRD Unit 082
TRIC Emmanuel\Géoazur
direction@geoazur.unice.fr
geoazur.oca.eu
UMR CESBIO | IRD Unit 113
KERR Yann\Centre for spatial studies of the biosphere
direction@cesbio.cnes.fr
www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr
UMR GET | IRD Unit 234
GREGOIRE Michel\Environment Geosciences
Toulouse
michel.gregoire@get.obs-mip.fr
www.get.obs-mip.fr
UMR DIADE | IRD Unit 232
HAMON Serge\Plant diversity, adaptation
and development
alain.ghesquiere@ird.fr
www.diade.ird.fr - www.diade-research.fr
UMR HSM | IRD Unit 050
SEYLER Patrick\HydroSciences Montpellier
hsm@ird.fr
www.hydrosciences.org
UMR ECO&SOLS | IRD Unit 210
CHOTTE Jean-Luc\Functional ecology
and biogeochemistry of soils and agro-ecosystems
jean-luc.chotte@ird.fr
www.montpellier.inra.fr/ecosols
UMR EGCE | IRD Unit 247
MONTCHAMP-MOREAU Catherine\Evolution,
genome, behaviour and ecology
catherine.montchamp@egce.cnrs-gif.fr
www.egce.cnrs-gif.fr
64
UMR EIO | IRD Unit 241
MAZOUNI-GAERTNER Nabila\Insular ocean
ecosystems
nabila.gaertner-mazouni@upf.pf
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
UMR IEES-Paris | IRD Unit 242
ABBADIE Luc\Paris Institute of ecology
and environmental sciences
luc.abbadie@ens.fr
http://iees_paris.ufr918.upmc.fr
US IMAGO | IRD Unit 191
GOURIOU Yves\Instrumentation, analytical resources
and observations in geophysics and oceanography
yves.gouriou@ird.fr
www.brest.ird.fr/us191
UMR IMBE | IRD Unit 237
TATONI Thierry\Mediterranean Institute
of biodiversity and marine and continental ecology
thierry.tatoni@imbe.fr
www.imbe.fr
UMR LOCEAN | IRD Unit 182
LEZINE Anne-Marie\Oceanography and climate
laboratory: experimentation and digital approaches
direction@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
UMR IMPMC | IRD Unit 206
FIQUET Guillaume\Institute of mineralogy
and physics of condensed media
guillaume.fiquet@impmc.upmc.fr
www.impmc.upmc.fr
UMR LPO | IRD Unit 197
ARDHUIN Fabrice\Ocean physics laboratory
dir-lpo@ifremer.fr
www.ifremer.fr/lpo
UMR IPME | IRD Unit 186
VERDIER Valérie\Plant-micro-organism-environment
interactions
valerie.verdier@ird.fr
UMR LSTM | IRD Unit 040
DUPONNOIS Robin\Laboratory of Tropical
and Mediterranean Symbioses
robin.duponnois@ird.fr
www.mpl.ird.fr/lstm
UMR ISE-M | IRD Unit 226
MIGNOT Agnès\Montpellier Institute of evolutionary
sciences
agnes.mignot@univ-montp2.fr
www.isem.cnrs.fr
UMR LTHE | IRD Unit 012
LEBEL Thierry\Laboratory for the study of Transfers
in Hydrology and Environment
thierry.lebel@ird.fr - direction-lthe@ujf-grenoble.fr
www.lthe.fr
UMR ISTerre | IRD Unit 219
GUILLOT Stéphane\Institute of Earth Sciences
direction.isterre@ujf-grenoble.fr
www.isterre.fr
UMR MARBEC | IRD Unit 248
DAGORN Laurent\Marine biodiversity, exploitation
and conservation
laurent.dagorn@ird.fr
www.umr-marbec.fr
UMR LEGOS | IRD Unit 065
MOREL Yves\Laboratory for Studies in Geophysics
and Spatial Oceanography
directeur@legos.obs-mip.fr
www.legos.obs-mip.fr
UMR LEMAR | IRD Unit 195
RAGUENEAU Olivier\Laboratory of marine
environmental sciences
olivier.ragueneau@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/UMR6539/
UMR LISAH | IRD Unit 144
MOLENAT Jérôme\Laboratory for studies into
interactions between soils, agrosystems and
hydrosystems
umr-lisah-dir@supagro.inra.fr
www.umr-lisah.fr
UMR LMV | IRD Unit 163
SCHIANO Pietro\Magma and volcano laboratory
p.schiano@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr
www.obs.univ-bpclermont.fr/lmv
UMR MIO | IRD Unit 235
SEMPERE Richard\Mediterranean Institute
of Oceanography
richard.sempere@univmed.fr
www.mio.pytheas.univ-amu.fr
UMI UMMISCO | IRD Unit 209
ZUCKER Jean-Daniel\Unit for mathematical
and computer-based modelling of complex systems
jean-daniel.zucker@ird.fr
www.ummisco.ird.fr
SOCIETIES
UMR CEPED | IRD Unit 196
GERARD Étienne\Population and Development Centre
etienne.gerard@ird.fr
www.ceped.org
CESSMA | IRD Unit 245
GUIHEUX Gilles\Centre for the study of the African,
American, and Asian worlds
gilles.guiheux@univ-paris-diderot.fr
www.cessma.univ-paris-diderot.fr
UMR Development and Societies | IRD Unit 201
JANIN Pierre
pierre.janin@ird.fr
www.recherche-iedes.univ-paris1.fr
UMR DIAL | IRD Unit 225
DE VREYER Philippe\ Development, institutions
and globalisation
devreyer@dial.prd.fr
www.dial.prd.fr
UMR GRED | IRD Unit 220
MOIZO Bernard\Governance, risks, environment
and development
bernard.moizo@ird.fr
www.gred.ird.fr
IMAF | IRD Unit 243
BOILEY Pierre\Institute of African Worlds
pierre.boilley@univ-paris1.fr
www.imaf.cnrs.fr
UMR LPED | IRD 151 Unit
MAZUREK Hubert\Laboratory for populations,
environment and development
hubert.mazurek@ird.fr
www.lped.org
UMR PALOC | IRD Unit 208
GUILLAUD Dominique\Local heritages
dominique.guillaud@ird.fr
www.paloc.ird.fr
APPENDICES
THE RESEARCH UNITS
Document produced by the information, communication
and scientific culture for the South department
dic@ird.fr
©IRD May 2015
ISBN : 978-2-7099-2089-6
Coordinator: Marie-Lise Sabrié
Editor: Violaine Arnaud
Graphic design and layout: EFIL - www.efil.fr
Subeditor: Yolande Cavallazzi
English translation: Technicis
UMR PRODIG | IRD Unit 215
LOMBARD Jérôme\Research division for
the organisation and dissemination of geographic
information
jerome.lombard@ird.fr
www.prodig.cnrs.fr
UMI RESILIENCES | IRD Unit 236
OUATTARA Mama
mamacires@yahoo.fr
UMR SEDYL | IRD Unit 135
LEGLISE Isabelle\Structure and dynamics
of languages
isabelle.leglise@ird.fr
www.sedyl.cnrs.fr
UMR URMIS | IRD Unit 205
TIMERA Mahamet\Migrations and societies
timera@univ-paris-diderot.fr
www.unice.fr/urmis
HEALTH
UMR EPV | IRD Unit 190
DE LAMBALLERIE Xavier\Emergence of viral
pathologies
xavier.de-lamballerie@univmed.fr
UMR INTERTRYP | IRD Unit 177
SOLANO Philippe\Host-vector-parasite interactions
in diseases caused by Trypanosomatidae
gerard.cuny@ird.fr
www.sleeping-sickness.ird.fr
UMR MERIT | IRD Unit 216
DELORON Philippe\Mothers and children facing
tropical infections
philippe.deloron@ird.fr
www.umr216.ird.fr
UMR NUTRIPASS | IRD Unit 204
GUYOT Jean-Pierre\Preventing malnutrition
and related pathologies
jean-pierre.guyot@ird.fr
www.nutripass.ird.fr
UMR PHARMA-DEV | IRD Unit 152
FABRE Nicolas\Pharmacochemistry and
pharmacology for development
nicolas.fabre@univ-tlse3.fr
www.pharmadev.ird.fr
UMI PHPT | IRD Unit 174
JOURDAIN Gonzague\Clinical epidemiology,
mother & child health and HIV in South-East Asia
gonzague.jourdain@ird.fr
www.phpt.org
UMR PIMIT | IRD Unit 249
MAVINGUI Patrick\Infectious processes in a tropical
insular environment
patrick.mavingui@cnrs.fr
UMR SESSTIM | IRD Unit 912
GIORGI Roch\Economics & Social Sciences, Health
and Medical Information Processing
roch.giorgi@ap-hm.fr
http://www.se4s-orspaca.org/
UMI TransVIHMI | IRD Unit 233
DELAPORTE Éric\Epidemiological Transitions,
Translational Research applied to HIV and infectious
diseases
eric.delaporte@ird.fr
www.umi233.com
UMR URMITE | IRD Unit 198
RAOULT Didier\Research unit on Infectious
and Emerging Tropical Diseases
didier.raoult@ird.fr
didier.raoult@gmail.com
OBSERVATORIES FOR SCIENCES
OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
FLEET
UMS ECCE TERRA| IRD Unit 244
EYMARD Laurence\Observatory for Sciences
of the Universe, Paris-Centre
laurence.eymard@upmc.fr
Picture editor: Base Indigo – Daina Rechner, Christelle Mary
Computer graphics: Laurent Corsini
Maps: Élisabeth Habert
Distributor: Unité de diffusion, Bondy ; Philippe Chanard, Marseille.
We would like to thank all the departments and divisions at IRD,
the centres and representative offices, and the researchers
who contributed to writing this report.
UMS FOF | IRD Unit 239
LEFORT Olivier\French oceanographic research fleet
olivier.lefort@ifremer.fr
UMS Institut Pytheas| IRD Unit 240
HAMELIN Bruno
hamelin@cerege.fr
UMS IUEM | IRD Unit 218
TREGUIER Anne-Marie\European Institute
for the Sea
direction.iuem@univ-brest.fr
www-iuem.univ-brest.fr
UMS OMP | IRD Unit 221
SOLER Pierre\Midi-Pyrénées Observatory
pierre.soler@ird.fr - dir@obs-mip.fr
www.obs-mip.fr
UMS OREME | IRD Unit 223
SERVAT Éric\Mediterranean Environmental Research
Observatory
eric.servat@ird.fr
www.oreme.univ-montp2.fr
UMS OSUG | IRD Unit 222
FILY Michel\Observatory for Sciences of the Universe,
Grenoble
obs-dir@ujf-grenoble.fr
http://portail.osug.fr/
Photo credits – Annual report 2014
© IRD - A. Barnaud, © IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages, © IRD - L. Ferry (front cover) ; © IRD - J.-M. Porte,
© IRD - J.-L. Guyot, © IRD - E. Bahuet, ©ESA, © IRD - P. Wagnon, © IRD - J.-M. Boré (p. 3-4) ;
© IRD - J.-M. Porte (p. 4-5) ; © E. Dautant (p. 7) ; © IRD - C. Levêque, © IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages,
© IRD - J.-M. Porte, © IRD - P. Msellati (p. 9) ; © IRD - J.-L.Guyot (p.10-11) ; © IRD - B. Moizo,
© IRD - P. Blanchon, © IRD - N. Henaff, © IRD - R. Nil (p. 12-13) ; © IRD - J. Berger,
© IRD - M. Sabounji (p. 14) ; © IRD - C. Ollier (p.15) ; © Wikipedia - H. Yann, © IRD - E. Ambert,
© Maxisciences (p. 16) ; © IRD - S. Ouillon, © IRD - B. Mortimort-Asso, © IRD - J.-M. Boré (p. 17);
© IRD - E. Bahuet (p. 18); © IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages, © IRD - J.-M. Porte (p. 20) ;
© IRD - G. Odonne, © IRD - J.-M. Porte, © IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages (p. 22) ;
© IRD - J.-L. Janeau (p. 23) ; © ESA (p. 24); © IRD - P. Lacroix (p. 25); © IRD - D. Williamson (p. 26);
© IRD - L. Vigliola (p. 27); © IRD - J.-L. Janeau (p. 28); © Wikipédia - R. Jouan (p. 29);
© IRD - N. Fievet (p. 30); © IRD - J. Montmarché (p. 31) ; © V. Latthaphasavang (p. 32);
© Commission européenne (p. 33); © IRD - G. Roudaut (p. 34); © IRD - S. Bava (p. 35) ;
© J. Robert (p. 36) ; © ESA (p. 39) ; © DR (p. 40) ; © IRD - G. Rodriguez,
© IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages (p. 41) ; © IRD - A. Zumak, © IRD - A. Ducourneau,
© IRD - G. Villegier (p. 43) ; © IRD - M. Rivera, © IRD - F. Beihle (p. 44) ; © IRD - S. Petek,
© IRD - N. Duval (p. 47) ; © IRD - C. Duos (p. 48) ; © IRD - P. Wagnon (p. 50) ; © G. Menot (p. 52) ;
© IRD - F. Doumenge (p. 53) ; © IRD - F. Carlet-Soulages (p. 54-55); © IRD - S. Petek (p. 56) ;
© IRD - D.R (p. 58) ; © IRD - M. Vilayleck, © IRD - D.R (p. 59) ; © IRD - J.-M. Boré (p. 60).
UMR MIVEGEC | IRD Unit 224
SIMARD Frédéric\Infectious diseases and vectors:
ecology, genetics, evolution and control
frederic.simard@ird.fr
www.mivegec.ird.fr
IRD ANNUAL REPORT 2014
65
IRD
44 boulevard de Dunkerque
CS 90 009
13 572 Marseille cedex 02
Tel.: +33(0)4 91 99 92 00
Fax: +33(0)4 91 99 92 22
http://en.ird.fr
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