OFFICE OF POPULATION CENSUSES AND SURVEYS
Longitudina I
Study
social class and
occupational mobility
1971-77
A J Fox
Professor of Social Statistics, Social Statistics
Research Unit, City University
Series LS no.2
London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office
@Crowncopyright 1985
First published 1985
ISBN 0 11 691134 4
Contents
Acknowledgements
Summary
Commentary
Background
Source of data
Methods of measuring mobility
Comparisons of mobility between sub-groups
Overall models of social class mobility
Social class mobility by region of usual residence in 1971
Social class mobility for men who changed address in the
year before the Census
Social class mobility and country of birth
Social class mobility and housing tenure
Occupational mobility
Discussion
References
Appendix Tables and Figures
Page
iv
iv
4
5
6
7
10
11
Tables
Figures
12
17
22
27
32
37
42
47
52
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
57
62
61
66
67
71
72
72
82
76
81
86
87
91
1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married
men by age and year of birth of child; region of residence 1971
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
North
Yorkshire and Humberside
East Midlands
East Anglia
South East
South West
West Midlands
North West
(i) Wales
2 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married
men by age and year of birth of child: migrants in 1970-71
(a) Migrants between local authorities
(b) Migrants within local authorities
3 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married
men by age and year of birth of child: men born in the New
Commonwealth and Pakistan
4 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married
men by age and year of birth of child: by housing tenure
(a) Owner occupiers
(b) Private tenants
(c) Local authority tenants
5 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married
men by age and year of birth of child: owner occupier migrants
between local authorities in 1970-71
Acknowledgements
These analyses were undertaken while the author was
supported by the Social Science Research Council as
Professorial Fellow in Statistics Applied to the Social
Sciences. Advice was given on the model fitting by
Professor A P Dawid. Detailed computing was undertaken
Summary
Occupational information recorded at the birth of a child in
the period 1971-1977 has been compared with that
recorded in the 1971 Census for the one per cent sample of
fathers included in the OPCS Longitudinal Study. While
social class and occupational mobility at this stage of men’s
family life cycle will probably not reflect mobility at other
stages, this analysis has provided an indication of the main
directions of movement and variations between various
subsets of the population at this important stage.
The main finding is that after allowing for occupational
changes which probably reflect recording differences and
coding differences between Census and birth registration,
the expected pattern of promotion is noted from all social
classes to Class 11, the group which includes managers and
senior administrators. Rates of upwards mobility were
by Dr A E Renshaw, Mr P Carroll and Ms H Pugh from
source tables produced as ad hoc tables by OPCS. Dr D R
Jones, Ms E Grundy and Mr M Murphy made helpful
comments on an earlier draft. The help from all these
sources is gratefully acknowledged.
found to be high for men living in the South East, for men
who had moved between local authorities in the year before
the 1971 Census, for men who lived in owner occupied
accommodation and particularly high for men in owner
occupied accommodation who had moved between local
authorities in the year before the 1971 Census. Upward
mobility was low for men who lived in the North and for
men who lived in local authority accommodation.
The analysis of occupational change has provided useful
insights into the problems associated with the use of vital
registration data in the analysis of occupational change,
particularly for groups such as electrical and medical
engineers, machine tool setters and machine tool operators
for whom minor changes in description carry much weight
in the allocation of social class.
The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.
iv
Commentary
Background
The Registrar General’s social classes were introduced by
Stevenson’>2in the 1920s to shift the emphasis of routine
analyses of mortality and fertility differentials away from
occupational groups?. His interest lay in demonstrating the
magnitude of socio-economic differences. Similar motives
lay behind earlier socio-economic group analyses by Farr4,
but these had not been pursued in the latter part of the last
century. Present day customers of official demographic
(and other social) statistics will be only too aware of the
central role the Registrar General’s social classes have
subsequently played in the national demographic armoury5.
They continue to be used in the analyses of vital event
data6,7 and are also used in most government social
surveys8.
It has long been recognised that interpretation of the causes
of mortality differentials between social classes is made
difficult because selective movement between occupational
groups and out of the labour force may distort
relationships9. While this possibility is regularly discussed
in decennial supplements (see, for example, page 17 of the
latest report6) it has rarely been given the emphasis of more
recent commentatorsi0. Discussions of this issue have been
severely limited by the lack of relevant data. What is needed
are (a) measures of the extent of social class mobility, and
(b) measures of mortality differentials according to class of
origin and class of destination. In effect, it is necessary to
relate mortality to social class history, not just to social class
at one point in time, such as the time of death.
Similar arguments about the effects of social class mobility
affect the interpretation of fertility differentials. It is again
necessary to document the extent of social mobility and the
fertility patterns of those who are mobile.
Source of data
Since the early 1970s OPCS has been conducting a
longitudinal study (LS) on a one per cent sample of the
1971 Census population 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 . This source brings
together records from censuses and vital events, such as
births and deaths, and should, over the next decade, start to
provide more information to help quantify the contribution
of selective mobility to observed differentials. The focus of
attention in the present analysis is the information in this
source about the occupations of men who, in 1971, were
married and aged 20-34 years, and who, during the period
1971-77 subsequently had a child. For each of 21,334 births
to this group of men the occupation on the birth record, and
derived social class are compared with those recorded
earlier in the 1971 Census. These occupations are used to
describe the pattern and extent of occupational and social
mobility shortly before men had a child. The pattern of
mobility of men at other stages of their working and
demographic life cycle may be quite different. Mobility of
men at these later stages and mobility of women will be
studied in detail using the LS as soon as information from
the 1981 Census has been incorporated.
Methods of measuring mobility
For each birth we obtain a measure of mobility by
comparing the social class of the father at 1971 Census with
that at the time of the birth. Births have been grouped
according to the year of the birth and the age of the father at
Census. As a result the data we wish to analyse comprise a
series of counts mijk(t), where i (I,II,IIIN,IIIM,IV,V)
represents the social class at Census, j (I,II,IIIN,IIIM,IV,V)
represents the social class at the birth, k (20-24, 25-29,
30-34 years) represents the age at Census and t (1971,
1972, ..., 1977) the year of the birth.
Those mi;k(t) where i # J represent the numbers of births
where the social classes at the birth differed from those at
Census. There are a number of factors other than mobility
which influence the proportion of births in this category.
These include reporting, recording and coding differences
in occupation between Census and birth registration. In an
earlier analysis of 1971 births, social class at Census was
compared with that at birth as a measure of these biasesI4.
Similar comparisons for deaths shortly after the Census are
routinely made in the decennial s~pplementsl~.
In these
comparisons it was argued that the effect of mobility would
be small because the event occurred shortly after the
Census.
If we assume that these census-birth biases are constant
over time then mobility is reflected in the change in mijk
over time. We have chosen to model this change for each
age-group separately, fitting the model:
Log mi;(t)
+ Pi;t + hit.
= c~ij
The hit fix the marginal total of births in year t for men in
social class i at Census such that:
fii.(t) = Cmij(t>,
J
where fii.(t) is the marginal total fitted by the model. The
aij and &j are coefficients which allow the proportion
moving from social class i at Census to class j at the birth to
change linearly with time. The Pi; measure the slope of this
change and consequently indicate the degree of mobility.
1
Table 1 An example of observed and expected* social class transitions by census characteristics: all married men aged 25-29 at Census,
South East Region
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
Obs
Exp
Exp
Obs
Obs
IIIM
Exp
~~~~~~
Obs
IV
Exp
~
_
Obs
V
E X ~
E X ~
Obs
-
_
~~
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
52
72
63
43
39
30
23
48.66
69.39
57.44
42.87
36.78
28.06
25.17
3
8
7
8
3
6
9
3.80
6.37
6.21
5.45
5.50
4.93
5.20
2
3
0
3
3
1
1
3.13
4.84
4.35
3.51
3.27
2.70
2.63
2
5
5
3
4
1
3
4.48
6.72
5.85
4.59
4.14
3.32
3.13
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1.73
2.43
1.98
1.46
1.23
0.92
0.82
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
6
6
8
7
12
3
2
5.73
7.64
8.03
6.08
5.53
5.17
4.23
96
120
109
66
54
46
37
96.06
113.94
106.65
71.85
58.15
48.44
35.26
9
12
9
10
6
6
3
9.39
11.07
10.28
6.87
5.52
4.57
3.30
9
6
7
8
4
9
5
7.66
9.74
9.77
7.06
6.12
5.46
4.26
2
2
5
2
1
1
2.92
3.34
3.02
1.96
1.53
1.23
0.87
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
7
8
8
4
2
1
3.62
7.58
6.75
6.45
4.91
4.72
3.38
8
15
17
23
22
12
11
7.00
16.15
15.85
16.93
14.04
14.89
11.75
56
92
65
39
28
28
18
52.41
88.89
64.11
50.36
30.68
23.92
13.88
2
3
3
7
1
5
3
1.52
3.72
3.88
4.40
3.87
4.36
3.66
0
5
2
5
1
3
1
3.08
5.66
4.44
3.78
2.50
2.11
1.33
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
3
3
3
2
0
4
0.89
1.50
1.48
1.56
1.54
1.48
1.45
3
12
14
12
16
11
6
6.65
10.67
10.16
10.22
9.56
8.78
8.22
2
5
4
9
4
3
5
2.60
4.01
3.66
3.56
3.20
2.82
2.54
175
216
155
125
94
76
53
170.04
218.29
166.24
133.97
100.47
73.89
55.40
12
17
20
13
10
6
7
10.50
15.29
13.23
12.10
10.30
8.60
7.33
1
2
2
1
1
1
3.30
4.24
3.21
2.59
1.93
1.42
1.06
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
0.30
0.47
0.57
0.57
0.60
0.72
0.75
6
3
4
2
4
5
3
2.51
3.45
3.66
3.15
2.89
3.02
2.74
4
6
4
3
2
5
1
2.44
3.06
2.98
2.35
1.97
1.89
1.56
4
10
19
12
10
7
7
10.31
13.75
14.20
11.89
10.61
10.78
9.47
44
41
26
25
12
12
10
41.53
42.86
34.20
22.13
15.29
12.00
8.16
1
6
4
0
2
0
3
1.91
2.43
2.40
1.91
1.63
1.58
1.32
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0.88
0.88
0.77
0.55
0.46
0.45
0.53
0
0
1
0
0
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.08
7.10
6.95
6.01
4.20
3.46
6
8
4
4
2
13.22
11.34
8.58
5.25
3.79
0.11
3.31
2
4
3.18
1
1.19
3.89
1
6.45
5.79
4.59
2.94
2.22
1.96
2.11
13
5
4
2
4
0
6
10
9
7
2
3
4
4
3.28
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.19
0.24
0.17
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.23
0.28
0.26
0.17
0.14
0.12
0.09
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IV
*
0.00
0.00
Expected transitions based on firred models to men of the same age who had children in the same year.
Parameters ai,, pi, and hit were fitted using the
Generalised Linear Interaction Modelling package (GLIM),
using a Poisson error and a log link function. As indicated
by the figures below, these models gave reasonably good
fits at each age:
Age
Scaled deviance
Degrees of freedom
20-24
25-29
186.1
126.7
30-34
148.3
150
150
150
2
Comparisons of mobility between sub-groups
These models describe the overall pattern of social class
mobility in the three age-groups. To compare mobility
between further sub-divisions of the population, defined in
terms of other census characteristics we could have
extended our models to hclude these other characteristics.
Instead, however, we chose to contrast the observed social
class mobility for each sub-group with that expected on the
basis of the overall model for married men of the same age
who had children in the same year (see Table 1).
Table 2 Transition proportions between social class at Census in 1971and social class at birth of a child in 1971and in 1977estimated by
fitting separate model to married men aged 20-24, 25-29 and 30-34
Social class
at Census
Age in
1971
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.71-0.65
0.78-0.68
0.80-0.72
II
20-24
25-29
30-34
IIIN
Social class at birth of child (1971-77)
-I
- I1
- IV
V
IIIN
IIIM
0.07-0.17
0.06-0.14
0.07-0.13
0.10-0.12
0.05-0.07
0.03-0.11
0.10-0.03
0.07-0.08
0.07-0.02
0.03-0.04
0.03-0.02
0.04-0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03-0.06
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.05
0.75-0.66
0.79-0.73
0.81-0.76
0.09-0.12
0.08-0.07
0.07-0.05
0.08-0.09
0.06-0.09
0.05-0.08
0.04-0.06
0.02-0.02
0.03-0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.02-0.09
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.06
0.11-0.28
0.10-0.35
0.12-0.40
0.75-0.47
0.77-0.41
0.73-0.44
0.06-0.11
0.02-0.11
0.05-0.07
0.05-0.06
0.05-0.04
0.05-0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.00-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.01
0.02-0.11
0.03-0.11
0.02-0.08
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.03
0.0 1-0.0 1
0.87-0.68
0.88-0.73
0.87-0.75
0.07-0.13
0.05-0.10
0.06-0.13
0.02-0.03
0.02-0.01
0.03-0.03
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.00-0.03
0.01-0.03
0.02-0.01
0.03-0.08
0.04-0.11
0.02-0.14
0.04-0.03
0.04-0.07
0.04-0.0 I
0.24-0.41
0.17-0.39
0.21-0.31
0.61-0.38
0.70-0.34
0.67-0.49
0.06-0.08
0.03-0.06
0.04-0.05
V
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.00-0.00
0.0 1-0.00
0.01-0.00
0.02-0.02
0.03-0.05
0.02-0.11
0.03-0.03
0.00-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.30-0.44
0.25-0.39
0.21-0.35
0.23-0.30
0.23-0.21
0.26-0.26
0.41-0.21
0.47-0.33
0.48-0.25
The figures in bold suggest real mobility awa-v from the same social class at birth as at census.
In order to reduce the size and complexity of the tables
presented in the main part of this report comparisons are
summarised by aggregating, first over year of the birth and
then over the three age-groups. These year-of-birth and
age-standardised figures do not allow us to contrast the
experiences of the different age-groups. Consequently,
where age-groups showed different patterns they have
been presented separately. Also, the tables presented often
focus on movement from a particular social class at Census,
simply to illustrate the main differences found. The full set
of tables on which these analyses have been based are given
in the Appendix Tables and approximate confidence limits
are summarised in the Appendix Figures.
Our primary interest in sub-groups has focused on region
of usual residence, migration history between 1970 and
1971, housing tenure and country of birth. Birth order and
occupation changes between 1970 and 1971 proved of little
interest and are not presented here.
Overall models of social class mobility
Table 2 summarises the transition proportions from the
overall models fitted to men who, in 1971 were married and
aged 20-24,25-29 or 30-34 years. Transition proportions
are given separately for 1971 and 1977 for each
combination of social class at Census, social class at birth of
child and age-group. The fitted transitional proportions
change linearly with year between 1971 and 1977.
The 1971 transition proportions along the main diagonal of
the table provide a measure of rkporting, recording or
coding differences between Census and birth registration,
similar to the direct comparison of proportions described
earlier. Of particular interest are the low proportions of
men remaining in Social Class V; at each age the 1971
proportion is less than 50 per cent.
All the main diagonal cells of the table demonstrate the
expected movement with time, that is, away from the social
class at Census (all diagonal transition proportions decrease
between 1971 and 1977). This is lessclear for Classes I and
I1 than for all other classes, suggesting that these two
classes are more stable than other classes.
The main interest in this table is in those cells in which the
off-diagonal transition proportions appear to rise with
time; these are the cells to which men move. Off-diagonal
cell? which show no time dependence in the transition
proportion probably represent ‘noise’.
We have chosen to highlight those off-diagonal changes
which indicate mobility. A number of interesting features
of social class mobility are apparent. For men in Social
Class I at Census there is a trend in the poportion who have
moved to Social Class I1 at the birth of the child. This trend
appeared to be greatest at ages 20-24 years and least at ages
30-34 years. It may reflect ‘promotion’ to administrative
and managerial positions. The movement out of Social
Class I1 at Census would appear to be greatest at younger
ages, but even then is very limited. Its main direction is to
Social Class I occupations.
Men in Social Classes IIIN, IIIM and IV, particularly
those in Class IIIN, showed a tendency to have moved to
Social Class 11. For both IIIN and IV this mobility was
greater among older men having children than among
younger men. The table also suggests that at younger ages
men in Social Class IIIN had moved to occupations in
Social Class I and occupations in Class IIIM, in
approximately equal proportions.
For men in Social Classes IV and V at Census movement to
occupations in Social Class IIIM appears to have been
more common than to those in Social Class 11. For men in
Social Class IV this movement appears to have been
greatest among men aged 25-29 years at Census; for men in
Social Class V at Census it was not age-dependent. There
3
was little evidence of men in Social Class V moving to
occupations in Social Class IV.
There was no evidence of men of any social class at Census
moving to Social Class V occupations shortly before they
had children.
Social class mobility by region of usual residence in
1971
The need to aggregate over years and age-groups when
comparing sub-groups of the population can be illustrated
by our analysis of mobility by region of usual residence in
1971. The complete analysis comprises a study of tables,
such as Table 1, repeated for each of three age-groups and
for each of nine regions of usual residence (see Appendix
Table 1). We have initially summed over year of birth to
derive summary tables such as Table 3 for men who, in the
1971 Census, were recorded as married, aged 20-24,25-29
and 30-34 years (separately), in Social Class IIIM and
resident in the South East Region. [Note: in Table 3 the
row for 25-29 year olds is derived from summing the rows
by year for men in Class I I I M at Census in Table 1.1 The
second summation, to derive the final row in Table 3, is
over age.
From Table 3 it can be seen that men in Social Class IIIM
had moved to Social Classes I, 11, IIIN and IV with greater
frequency than predicted by the national model. This
pattern of relatively greater upward social class mobility for
men in the South East Region compared with men in other
regions was also found for men in Social Class V at Census
(Table 4) and to a lesser extent for men in Social Class IV
(Appendix Table l(e)).
Table 4 Summary of relative social class mobility by region,
indicating those transitions from which x 2 by census
class was significant (p <0.05)
Class at
Census_
x2
I
IIIN
IIIM
IV
Yorkshire and
Humberside
East Midlands
Region
_
North
Degrees Excess
of freedom
Deficit
6.98
15.12
14.67
26.76
2
4
4
4
V
1IIN.V
I1
IIIM
I1
IIIM
V
10.19
3
IV
II,IIIN
I
11.30
3
IIIN
I1
~
None significant
East Anglia
Table 3 Observed and expected* social class mobility by
age: married men in Social Class IIIM, South East
Region at 1971 Census
South East
Age in
1971
West Midlands
IV
North West
_
Wales
IIIM
V
I
~
I1
IIIN
IIIM
~
IV
V
20-24
Observed
Expected
8
7.24
60
42.84
22
17.28
689
699.95
80
84.28
16
23.43
25-29
Observed
Expected
16
9.91
74
64.25
32
22.40
894
918.31
85
77.35
9
17.75
30-34
Observed
Expected
6
4.29
28
21.27
5
5.28
479
490.19
51
46.82
16
17.14
20-34
Observed
Expected
30
21.43
162
128.37
59
44.95
2062
216
2108.44 208.45
41
58.32
tn
_
Table 1
This procedure gives, for each combination of social class at
Census and birth of child, observed and expected numbers
of transitions, where the expected number, fitted from the
model, is standardised for age and year of birth of child.
Observed transitions are compared with expected
transitions, fitted from the model, using the statistic:
(Obs - EX^)^
Exp
which is assumed to be distributed as a x 2 based on the
appropriate number of degrees of freedom.
4
23.07
21.47
5
4
I,II,IIIN IIIM,V
I,II,IIIN V
None significant
South West
x: = 23.07
Seejoornnre
IIIM
V
Social class at birth (1971-77) of child
IV
IV
15.49
4
IIIM
I,II,IIIN
None significant
_
26.54
10.86
4
2
v
V
~
IIIN,IV
IV
In view of the complexity of the overall analysis, Table 4
includes only those comparisons for which the value of X 2
was statistically significant at the 5 per cent level. This is a
crude summary of the full analysis of the appendix tables
which indicates the major trends. Table 4 suggests that the
higher upward social class mobility noted for men resident
in the South East Region at the 1971 Census was
counterbalanced by a relative deficit of upward mobility for
men resident in East Midlands, West Midlands, Yorkshire
and Humberside and particularly for men resident in the
North.
Social class mobility for men who changed address
in the year before the Census
Questions in the 1971 Census about usual address at
Census, one year before Census and five years before
Census mean that the social class mobility of migrants and
non-migrants can be considered separately. In view of
earlier findings about differences in health between
migrants in relation to distance moved16,we have chosen to
separate men who moved within local authorities from
those who moved between authorities (intra- and
inter-local authority migrants respectively).
Table 5 Observed and expected* social class mobility of married men in Social Class IV in 1971 who changed address in 1970-71 and had
a child in 1971-77, by extent of move
Moved
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
V
Within local authority?
Observed
Expected
6
7.28
27
34.30
20
25.66
200
180.25
357
347.24
22
37.27
Observed/expected
0.82
0.79
0.78
1.11
1.03
0.59
14
5.91
37
28.05
28
20.85
136
143.92
257
278.84
35
29.42
2.37
1.32
1.34
0.94
0.92
1.19
Between local authorities$
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
*
See footnore to Table I
i
x: = 11.72
:,yz
= 19.60
Table 6 Observed and expected* social class mobility of married
men in 1971 who changed address in 1970-71, had a child
in 1971-77 and had moved to Social Class IIat the time of
the birth
Social class
at Census
Social Class I1 at birth of child
Moved within
local
I
Observed
Expected
authority
Moved between
local authorities
20
18.17
38
45.58
1.10
0.83
294
280.96
649
627.63
1.05
1.03
42
61.16
149
126.30
0.69
1.18
70
78.68
72
62.90
0.89
1.14
27
34.30
37
28.05
0.79
1.32
Observed
Expected
7
7.64
7
4.58
Observed/expected
0.92
1.53
Observed/expected
I1
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IIIN
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IIIM
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IV
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
V
See footnote to Table I
Tables 5 and 6 illustrate the main findings of this
analysis, the details of which are given in Appendix 2.
In Table 5 men (who in 1971 were already married) in
Social Class IV and whose address in April 1970
differed from that at Census have been separated
into intra- and inter-local authority migrants. The
observed social class distribution at the time of the
birth of their children is then compared with the
expected distribution, standardised for age and year
of birth on the basis of national models. For both groups,
that is, migrants within and between local authority areas,
the observed social class mobility differs significantly (p
<0.05) from that expected. For migrants within local
authorities, men in Social Class IV at Census appear to
have been relatively less mobile to all non-manual social
classes and to Social Class V (as compared with married
men of the same ages). In contrast, men who moved
between local authorities showed relatively greater
mobility to the higher non-manual social classes as well as
to Social Class V.
This difference between intra- and inter-local authority
migrants is also seen for men in other social classes at
Census. Table 6 shows for each social class at Census the
numbers of observed and expected births to men who, at
the birth, were in Social Class 11. For Social Classes IIIN,
IIIM, IV and V intra-local authority movers show a deficit
of births to men in Social Class I1 at birth, whereas interlocal authority movers show an excess.
Social class mobility and country of birth
Although the number of births in the period 1971-77 to
men born outside England and Wales was relatively small
for looking in detail at their social class mobility, Table 7
does suggest two surprising findings for men born in the
New Commonwealth and Pakistan (the full analysis is
given in Appendix 3). First, for men in both Social Classes
I I I M and IV at Census there is little evidence that they are
less upwardly mobile than the model based on men of all
countries of birth. Second, for men in Social Classes IIIM
and IV at Census there is evidence of a higher than
Table 7 Observed and expected* social class mobility of married
men aged 20-34 in Social Classes IIIM and IV in 1971,
born in the New Commonwealth and Pakistan, who had
a child in 1971-77
Social class at birth of child
Social
class at
census
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
- - _ _ - - ~
IIIMt
Observed
Expected
5
3.81
21
22.52
7
7.14
326
368.26
68
37.42
23
10.85
IVO
Observed
Expected
8
5.22
22
25.36
12
15.36
85
111.37
262
233.03
22
20.66
See footnofe to Table 1
tx: = 43.92
IV
1,y;
V
= 12.59
5
Table 8 Percentage of births in 1971-77 to married men by age at Census in each social class by tenure at Census
Social
class at
Census
Age at Census
20-24
25-29
(cl
Number Tenure at Census
of births
(b
(= 100%) (a)
(cl
Number Tenure at Census
of births
(b)
(= 100%) (a)
8
11
11
23
31
42
322
909
878
3,062
1,237
484
5
7
8
22
25
44
881
1,611
1,214
3,363
1,101
402
Tenure at Census
(a)
(b)
34
33
34
29
34
37
30-34
(cl
Number
of births
(= 100%)
2
6
9
26
24
40
399
843
53 7
I, 762
721
258
~~~~~~~~~~~~
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
V
(a) Owner occupiers
58
56
55
48
35
21
78
74
74
60
48
28
(b) Private tenants
expected tendency for those born in the New Commonwealth
and Pakistan to move to, or remain in, occupations in Social
Class IV at the expense of occupations in Class IIIM. For
men born in the New Commonwealth and Pakistan in Class
I I I M at Census there was also an excess of births to men in
Social Class V at the birth, that is, excess downward social
mobility.
Social mobility and housing tenure
A number of recent studies have considered the relative
merits of socio-economic classification based on occupation
and housing characteristic^^^,^^. Here we look briefly at
social class mobility in relation to housing tenure. Table 8
gives the number of births in each age-group by social class
at Census and the proportion in each tenure category. Few
births to married men in non-manual occupations at
Census were to men in local authority housing; the
proportion of men in owner-occupied housing increased
with age and the proportion of men who moved out of
privately rented accommodation decreased with age. This
probably reflects movement out of privately rented
accommodation to owner-occupied accommodation for
men in non-manual occupations during the early years of
marriage.
Among men in manual classes there was an increased
proportion of births to those in local authority
accommodation for Classes IV and V. Again there was a
marked rise with age in the proportion living in owneroccupied accommodation complementing a decrease in the
proportion in privately rented accommodation.
The full analysis is given in Appendix Table 4.However,
Table 9 takes men in Social Classes I I I M and IV at Census
and, for each, compares the social class distribution at the
birth of a child for owner occupiers and local authority
tenants at Census. For both social classes at Census more
owner occupiers were in higher social classes at the birth
and more local authority tenants were in lower social classes
than expected from the national model.
The proportion of owner occupiers in 197 1 who had moved
upwards from Classes I I I M and IV to Classes I and I1 by
the birth of their child was more than twice that for local
authority tenants. This pattern is also seen for men in other
social classes at Census (Table 10).
6
18
19
18
18
27
28
84
80
75
57
52
38
14
14
17
17
24
22
(c) Local authority tenants
Table 9 Observed and expected* social class mobility of married
men in Social Classes IIIM and IV at Census who had a
child in 1971-77 by tenure at Census
~
Social
class at
birth of
child
Social class and tenure at Census
IIIM
Owner
occupiers
I
Observed
Expected
Owner
occupiers
Local
authority
tenants
44
37.41
9
15.14
22
16.23
3
9.62
1.18
0.59
1.36
0.31
263
223.97
49
89.67
92
77.18
27
45.23
1.17
0.55
1.19
0.60
87
78.37
27
31.88
71
54.62
17
34.25
1.11
0.85
1.30
0.50
3710
3668.79
1535
1561.76
346
362.87
273
229.41
1.01
0.98
0.95
1.19
295
359.97
209
151.86
756
753.43
438
468.27
0.82
1.38
1.00
0.94
70
100.42
65
43.66
47
69.68
75
46.22
0.70
1.49
0.67
1.62
Observed/expected
I1
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IIIN
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IIIM
Observed
Expected
IV
Local
authority
tenants
Observed/expected
IV
Observed
Expected
Observedlexpected
V
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
See footnote to Table 1.
I n order to see whether the increased upward mobility
among owner occupiers was related to that noted earlier for
inter-local authority migrants, we have looked at the social
class mobility of owner occupiers who moved between local
authorities (Table 11). These show upward mobility even
greater than that of all owner occupiers or that of all interlocal authority migrants. Again, more detailed tables are
given in Appendix 5.
Table 10 Summary of relative social class mobility by tenure, indicating those transitions for which xz by social class at Census was
significant (p <0.05)
Social
class at
Census
Owner occupiers
Private renters
Excess
Deficit
I
Local authority tenants
Excess
Deficit
1,IIIM
IIINJV
I1
Excess
Deficit
IIINJIIM,
IV,V
1,II
IIIN
1,II
IIIMJV
I I IM, IV
IJI,
IIIN
IIIM
IJI,
IV,V
IV,V
1,II
IV
IJI,
IIIN
V
IIIM,V
1911,
IIINJV
V
None significant
Table 11 Observed and expected* relative social class mobility
in 1971-77 of married men at Census, in owner occupied
accommodation and in social classes IIIM and IV at
Census, separating inter-local authority one-year
migrants
Social
class at
birth of
child
I
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
I1
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IIIN
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
IIIM
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
Social Class IIIM at
Census
Social Class IV at
Census
All owner One year All owner One year
occupiers
migrants?_occupiers_ migrants?
~
~
_
44
37.41
9
5.76
22
16.23
7
1.97
1.18
1.56
1.36
3.55
263
223.97
43
34.70
92
77.18
15
9.47
1.17
1.24
1.19
1.58
87
78.37
15
12.72
71
54.62
12
7.22
1.11
1.18
1.30
1.66
3710
3668.79
552
546.04
346
362.87
1.01
1.01
0.95
0.94
295
359.97
44
57.20
756
753.43
87
95.14
0.82
0.77
1.00
0.91
70
100.42
9
15.57
47
69.68
5
9.31
0.58
0.67
0.54
44
46.88
IV
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
V
Observed
Expected
Observed/expected
0.70
~
t
~~
primarily of interest as an indication of underlying
occupational movement. A full analysis of this topic would
add considerably to the length of the present report.
Instead we present here one or two findings of such an
analysis so as to emphasise the caution which should be
applied to the interpretation of the foregoing data on social
class mobility.
Table 12 looks at movement from each occupation in Social
Class
I. For each occupation unit in Social Class I it gives:
_
(a) the total number of births in 1971-77 for which a social
class was ascribed; (b) the number (and percentage) in a
different social class at the birth; and (c) the number in
Social Class. I1 at the birth (and expresses (c) as a
percentage of (b)). We focus on movement to Class I1
because our interpretation of Table 2 is that this movement
represents real social mobility, while that to other classes
probably represents ‘noise’ (see page 3).
The table shows that there are a number of professions
from which relatively few people move. These include the
medical and legal professions, university teachers,
architects, surveyors and civil engineers. A second group of
occupations, including company secretaries, other groups
of engineers, technologists, physical and biological
scientists and professionals not elsewhere classified,
comprises men who have a high probability of moving.
Most men in the first group of professions would be self
employed or employed in the public sector and would
expect to follow career paths within their profession. Those
in the second group of professions would be mainly
employed in industry and commerce and might expect to
follow management career paths, not restricted within their
professions. These observations tend to confirm earlier
remarks about promotion from Social Class I to Social
Class 11, but also show that this is not possible for all people
in occupations in Social Class I.
~~
See Table 1.
Owner occupiers who moved between local authoriries in 1970-71.
Occupational mobility
As indicated earlier, the basis of comparison between social
class at Census and social class at birth of a child is the
occupation recorded, occupations being subsequently
considered in conjunction with employment status to
derive social classes. In this section we compare directly the
coded occupations from both sources. This comparison is
It should be noted from the table that there are a number of
occupational units for which movement out of Social Class
I is not to Social Class 11. The important ones to note are
mechanical engineers, electrical engineers and accountants.
Study of the occupations recorded on the birth records for
men who ‘moved away from these units’ highlights 25 (out
of 100) mechanical engineers who moved to unit 039,
machine tool operators, (Social Class IV); 36 (out of 72)
7
Table 12 Mobility from occupation units in Social Class I
Occupation unit at Census
Births 1971-77 (Social Class I at Census)
Total
numbers
%
(b4
Number
(b)
181
182
184
186
192
195
196
197
198
200
20 1
202
203
204
205
209
210
21 1
212
213
214
217
Medical Practitioners
Dental Practitioners
Pharmacists
Opticians
University Teachers
Civil Engineers
Mechanical Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronic Engineers
Production Engineers
Engineer n.e.c.
Metallurgists
Technologists n.e.c.
Chemists
Physical & Biological Scientists
Accountants
Company Secretaries
Surveyors
Architects
Clergy
Judges, Barrisrers etc
Professional n.e.c.
97
25
31
12
54
139
227
102
82
58
92
19
49
98
78
207
55
139
81
33
88
118
Social Class I1
at birth
Different social
class at birth
2
2
1
8
4
17
100
72
23
21
34
5
13
13
19
60
29
12
9
5
8
42
12
44
71
28
36
37
22
27
13
24
29
53
9
11
15
9
36
Number
(c)
7
%
(c/b)
1
50
4
3
28
11
9
9
15
2
6
9
9
7
22
6
5
3
5
29
100
18
28
15
39
43
44
33
46
69
47
12
76
50
56
60
62
69
Table 13 Mobility from occupation units in Social Class IIIM with more than 20 births in 1971
~
Occupation unit at Census
~~~~
~
Total births
in 1971
_______
007
025
027
028
036
037
038
040
04 1
042
043
045
046
055
079
093
100
103
104
105
120
122
Underground coal miners
Installers and repairmen, telephone
Electricians
Electrical and electronic fitters
Gas, electric welders, cutters; braziers
Turners
Machine tool setters, setter-operators n.e.c.
Tool makers
Motor mechanics
Maintenance fitters
Fitters n.e.c.
Plumbers, gas fitters
Pipe fitters
Carpenters and joiners
Butchers and meat cutters
Bricklayers and tile setters
Painters and decorators
Crane and hoist operators
Operators of earth moving equipment
Stationary engine, materials handling, plant operators
Drivers of buses
Drivers of road goods vehicles
All units
8
Different social class at birth
Number
%
39
35
100
21
50
26
45
29
56
75
107
52
28
96
25
41
63
22
31
30
49
196
3
3
3
6
2
3
13
7.7
8.6
3.0
28.6
4.0
11.5
28.9
4
10
8
3
3
2
3
6
6
5
11
4
3
15
7.1
13.3
7.5
5.8
10.7
2.1
12.0
14.6
9.5
22.7
35.5
13.3
6.1
7.7
1,763
190
10.8
electrical engineers who moved to unit 030, electrical
engineers, not elsewhere classified (Social Class IIIM); and
53 (out of 60) accountants who moved to unit 139, clerks,
(Social Class IIIN). All these changes reflect the different
amounts of information available at the time Census and
birth records are coded. As was previously noted from
death recordsly,the problem with engineers is the difficulty
in establishing that they are professional without asking
about qualifications, the main additional information
available to the Census coders. The difficulty with
accountants arises from the differences of coding articled
clerks between Census and birth records: because of their
age structure this will have minimal effect on mortality
analysis. If we exclude those accountants who moved to
unit 139, clerks, accountants show the same tendency as
other mainstream professionals to remain in their
professions and not to be promoted into management.
In Table 13 a similar analysis is made for the major
occupations in Social Class I I I M at Census. The table
focuses on those units for which more than 20 births were
recorded in 1971 and only considers 1971 births because
these are the larger units and because 1971 changes are
likely to reflect bias. Overall, approximately 11 per cent of
these men were allocated to different social classes at the
birth compared with the Census. For three occupations,
however, the proportion of men allocated to a different
class was much greater than for other occupations. These
were unit 104, operatorsof earth movingequipment (35.5 per
cent); unit 38 machine tool setters, setter-operators not
elsewhere classified (28.9 per cent); and unit 28, electrical and
electronic fitters (28.6 per cent).
The reason for the high proportion of transitions from unit
38 is easy to explain from a study of the occupations
recorded on the birth records; 7 out of the 13 men who
moved were allocated to unit 039 machine tool operators
(Social Class IV) at the birth. Once again, a minor
difference in the level of description of the occupation had
resulted in allocation to a different social class.
The occupations recorded at the birth for men who moved
from operators of earth moving equipment were: one
agricultural machinery driver, five chemical production
process workers (not elsewhere classified), one machine
tool operator, one other production process worker and
three ‘other building’ workers. All but one were allocated to
Class IV. For men who moved from electrical and
electronic fitters the occupations were: one electronic
engineer (Social Class I), one proprietor (11), one
policeman (IIIN), one office machine operator (IIIN), one
electrical assembler (IV) and one machine tool operator
(IV). For both of these occupations at Census, differences
in the level of description of the occupations between
Census and the birth of the child as opposed to excessively
high rates of real occupational mobility, would explain the
relatively high levels of apparent outward mobility.
The final example from our analysis of occupational
mobility returns to the findings for men born in the New
Commonwealth and Pakistan described above. Table 14
looks at movement from occupations in Social Class I I I M
for men born in New Commonwealth and Pakistan. It gives
data for those units for which more than 20 births were
recorded in 1971-77 and those units for which high
mobility was noted. Overall, 28 per cent of births in
1971-77 were allocated to a different social class at birth to
that at Census. This cannot be compared with the overall
figure of 10 per cent in the previous table because that was
based on 1971births only and consequently measures more
‘noise’ than real mobility. Our interest in Table 14 is in the
direction of real mobility, that is, the occupations between
which men are moving.
Table 14 Mobility from occupation units in Social Class IIIM with more than 20 births in 1971-77 or high proportion not in same social
class at birth for new born in New Commonwealth countries or Pakistan
Occupation unit at Census
013
014
015
018
020
025
027
038
043
055
056
057
069
070
071
072
078
08 1
100
120
122
162
Ceramics formers
Glass formers, finishers, decorators
Furnacemen, kilnmen, glass & ceramics
Furnacemen, metal
Moulders and coremakers, foundry
Installers and repairmen, telephone
Electricians
Machine tool setters
Fitters n.e.c.
Carpenters and joiners
Cabinet makers
Sawyers and woodworking machinists
Knitters
Bleachers and finishers of textiles
Dyers of textiles
Textile fabrics and related products makers n.e.c.
Bakers and pastry cooks
Food processors n.e.c.
Painters and decorators
Drivers of buses
Drivers of road goods vehicles
Cooks
All units in Social Class IIIM
Total births
1971-77
Different social class at birth
Number
%
100
50
50
4
4
4
8
20
11
35
43
23
22
7
2
9
5
3
3
27
5
16
39
28
28
4
2
2
4
5
2
6
10
8
0
3
2
6
1
2
14
5
9
7
7
10
43
100
67
80
33
67
52
100
56
18
25
36
614
174
28
4
50
25
18
17
23
35
9
Three groups of occupations show recognisable patterns
in movement, although it should be stressed these are
based on small numbers and subjective interpretation. The
first is unit 162, cooks, for which seven out of the ten who
moved class were coded as restaurateurs at the birth.
If these had occurred in 1971 we would be suspicious
of reporting biases, but this does represent an expected
career path.
The second interesting group comprises two of the
occupations in the woodworking industry: cabinet makers
and sawyers and woodworking machinists. Three out of the
five men who changed were allocated to entertainer
(Social Class 11) at the birth. Again, for young West
Indians this might represent a plausible job change.
For textile workers, the third group of occupations, five out
of the thirteen had moved to other occupations in the textile
industry, occupations in Social Class IV. Also, four had
become bus conductors (Class IV).
Discussion
In discussing these findings we must first consider the
implications of our having focussed on men at the time they
had children. For a number of reasons these men are
unlikely to be representative of men at different stages of
their family life cycles either in terms of the proportions
who change jobs or in the types of changes between
occupations which they make. Associations between
becoming a father and changing a job are likely to reflect
two causal paths. In some cases couples will have been
waiting for the husband’s promotion and greater economic
security before deciding to have children. In others it will
be the thought of the extra economic stresses associated
with the cost of the child and possibly reduced earnings of
the spouse which encourages the man to seek new
employment. In this case he might be seeking work which
offers him more control over his income, in particular an
ability to earn more by working overtime.
In social class terms, the direction of such mobility may be
unrelated to the ranking implied by the Registrar General’s
Social Classes. This is illustrated by a movement from
professional occupations to administrative and managerial
occupations being regarded by the Registrar General as a
movement down the social class scale, even though in
career and financial terms these are probably promotions.
At other life cycle stages the motivation for a change of
occupation might be much weaker, implying that there
would be fewer moves. Also, the moves that result might be
in quite a different direction. Those interested in mortality
differentials have argued that ill-health may be one of the
factors encouraging movement at ages over 45 years and
that this movement may be to less demanding occupations,
not just in physical terms but also in terms of attendance
requirements. Such occupations are likely to be
concentrated in Social Classes I I I N (for men with nonmanual backgrounds) and Social Classes I V and V for other
10
men. Also, men at later stages of their working lives may be
more interested in job security and pension arrangements,
factors which may influence their choice of occupational
change.
The major part of this analysis has been concerned with
social class mobility. However, the limited data presented
on occupational mobility, as well as a study of the 1971
transition proportions and the off-diagonal cells (Table 2)
which do not demonstrate an increase in transition
proportion between 1971 and 1977, serve to emphasise the
potential confounding of the patterns resulting from
differences in reporting, recording and coding between
Census and birth registrations.
Despite these reservations about the data we have
presented, a number of important conclusions can be
drawn. The overall models used to describe the transition
proportions between social class at Census and that
recorded subsequently at the birth of a child fitted the
national data well. We did consider fitting separate models
according to whether the child was the first, second, third
and so on, but found that the models presented in Table 2
fitted each birth order equally well. The models describe
the major patterns of social class mobility. Some of the
movement between cells not highlighted in Table 2 will be
real, but this is likely to be of lesser extent than that
movement which has been found.
Of greatest interest, however, is the extent to which social
class mobility in 1971-77 varied according to region of
usual residence in 1971, migration history prior to the
Census and housing tenure in 1971. Within social classes,
those who were better-off in 1971, in the sense that they
owned their own houses and lived in wealthier areas appear
to have had greater upward mobility after the 1971 Census
than those who were less well-off. This is not, however,
necessarily the causal direction of the relationship. It may
simply be that those who are better off include a greater
proportion of those men who are upwardly mobile.
Finally, a word of caution with respect to the interpretation
of the findings with respect to men born in the New
Commonwealth and Pakistan. The social class mobility
analysis provided no evidence for this group having
experienced less upward mobility than other men.
However, the occupational analysis (Table 14) suggests, if
only tentatively, that this group’s upward mobility may be
through movement to occupations such as restaurateurs
and entertainers and not through promotion to senior
administrative and management positions.
The analyses described here use an interim source of data
(births to sample fathers) from the OPCS Longitudinal
Study. A number of technical questions are raised,
particularly about the use of the Registrar General’s social
classes for this type of analysis, and these will need to be
studied in greater depth before we embark on analysis of
material from the 1981 Census.
References
1 Stevenson, THC. The social distribution of mortality
from different causes in England and Wales 1910-1912.
Biometrika, X V , 382-400. 1923.
2 Stevenson, THC. The vital statistics of wealth and
poverty.Journa1 of Royal Statistical Society, X C I , 207220. 1928.
3 Fox, AJ and Adelstein, AM. Occupational mortality:
work or way of life? Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health, 32, 73-78. 1978.
4 Farr, W. In the Supplement of the 35th Annual Report
of the Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages
in England, p.448, HMSO. 1875.
5 Leete, R and Fox, AJ, 1977. Registrar General’s Social
Class: origins and uses. Population Trends 8, pp 1-7.
HMSO, 1977
6 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational
Mortality 1970-72. Decennial Supplement Series DS
No.1. HMSO, 1978.
7 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Fertility
report from the 19 71 Census, Decennial Supplement,
Series DS No.5, HMSO, 1983.
8 Central Statistics Office. Social commentary: Social
class. Social Trends, No.6, 1975, HMSO, 1976.
9 Ogle, W. Letter to the Registrar General on the
mortality in the registration districts of England and
Wales during the years 1871-1880. Supplement to the
45th Annual Report of the Registrar General, p. xxiii.
1885.
10 Stern, J. Social mobility and the interpretation of social
class mortality differences. Journal of Social Policy, 12,
(l), 27-49. 1983.
11 Fox, AJ and Goldblatt, PO. Household mortality from
the OPCS Longitudinal Study. Population Trends 14,
20-27. HMSO, 1978.
12 Fox, AJ and Goldblatt, PO. Socio-demographic
differences in mortality. Population Trends, 27, 8-13.
HMSO, 1982.
13 Fox, AJ and Goldblatt, PO. Longitudinal Study: sociodemographic mortality differentials, 1971-75. 75, Series
LS No. 1, HMSO, 1982.
14 See Table 4 of reference 5.
15 See Chapter 3 of reference 6.
16 See Chapter 9 of reference 13.
17 See Chapter 13 of reference 13.
18 Morgan, M. Measuring social inequality: occupational
classificationsand their alternatives. Community Medicine,
Vol. 5, NO. 2, 116-124. 1983.
11
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(a) North
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
IIIN
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
~
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
~
~
Married men aped 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
2
3
1
1
0
0.00
1.41
2.10
2.07
2.04
1.99
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.16
0.28
0.32
0.38
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.20
0.17
0.13
0.11
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.21
0.03
0.19
0.25
0.52
0.31
0.29
7
1
2
4
7
5.27
0.74
3.62
4.26
7.63
4.06
3.30
0.63
0.09
0.50
0.63
1.22
0.70
0.61
0.57
0.08
0.43
0.53
0.99
0.55
0.47
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.17
0.25
0.43
0.44
0.48
0.44
0.00
0
1
2
0
3
1
0
0.77
1.06
1.73
1.66
1.71
1.47
0.00
5.22
5.67
7.34
5.60
4.59
3.13
0.00
HIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.16
0.27
0.32
0.30
0.37
0.30
0.31
0
0
2
1
0
2
3
0.89
1.53
1.84
1.78
2.20
1.84
1.93
0.49
0.77
0.84
0.74
0.83
0.63
0.60
0.71
0.59
0.76
0.34
0.42
0.16
0.18
5
4
34
48
39
29
27
16
12
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0.00
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.00
0
1
0
0.30
0.05
0.25
0.31
0.61
0.35
0.31
0.44
0.57
0.87
0.79
0.76
0.62
0.00
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0.35
0.42
0.59
0.50
0.45
0.34
0.00
36.58
45.85
40.35
28.57
25.81
15.84
12.16
5
2
4
2
3
2.96
4.30
4.40
3.61
3.78
2.69
2.40
0.92
1.29
1.26
1.00
1.01
0.69
0.59
3.91
3.80
5.68
2.94
4.25
1.90
2.43
8
6
9
3
5
3
2
9.84
8.09
10.25
4.50
5.51
2.09
2.26
1.00
0.93
1.34
0.67
0.93
0.40
0.50
3.01
0
4
1
0
0
0
1
1
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.06
0.08
0.15
0.10
0.18
0.10
0.16
0.49
0.51
0.82
0.46
0.71
0.34
0.47
0
0.09
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.15
0.12
0.07
0.10
0.06
0.09
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.24
0.20
0.12
0.19
0.13
0.20
3
0
4
3
4
0
0
2.93
2.45
1.50
2.38
1.68
2.64
1
2
4
2.34
2.24
1.84
1.10
1.71
1.18
1.81
6
5
2
1
1
2
2
4.14
3.38
2.37
1.21
1.61
0.95
1.25
Appendix Table 1 (a) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
~
IIIN
I1
Exp
Exp
Obs
~
_
Obs
_
IV
IIIM
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
_
Murried men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0.51
0.67
0.38
0.47
0.41
0.17
0.08
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.20
0.24
0.13
0.15
0.12
0.05
0.02
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
1.OB
1.59
0.82
0.95
0.57
0.70
0.41
3
1
3
1
0
0
1
0.88
1.40
0.78
0.98
0.64
0.84
0.53
1
0
1
0
0
0.33
0.48
0.24
0.27
0.16
0.19
0.11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
8
6
8
7
4
3
0
9.25
6.56
8.77
7.37
3.84
3.35
0.41
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.27
0.27
0.53
0.64
0.48
0.61
0.11
2
0.54
0.42
0.61
0.55
0.31
0.30
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1.34
2.10
2.46
1.93
1.96
1.18
1.41
1
0
0.52
0.79
0.89
0.67
0.66
0.38
0.43
34
46
39
28
21
9
11
34.18
42.97
40.30
25.32
20.57
9.90
9.48
1
3
3
2
1
2
2.11
3.01
3.21
2.29
2.11
1.15
1.25
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
0.66
0.84
0.78
0.49
0.40
0.19
0.18
0
0
0.07
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.09
0.05
0.16
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
0.59
0.94
0.82
0.75
0.44
0.20
0.57
1
1
1
3
0
1
0
0.58
0.84
0.67
0.56
0.30
0.13
0.33
1
3
0
2
2
0
2
2.45
3.75
3.18
2.83
1.61
0.72
1.97
9.85
11.69
7.66
5.27
2.32
0.80
1.70
2
3
0
0
1
0
0
0.45
0.66
0.54
0.46
0.25
0.11
0.28
0
0
0
0.12
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
2
2
0
2.58
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
1.04
0.74
0.78
0
0
2.30
0.93
0.69
1.81
0.67
0.43
0.42
7
1
1
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.04
2.54
1.11
0.90
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.31
0.14
0.12
0.34
0.14
0.10
0.11
4.72
1.81
1.29
3.23
1.14
0.71
0.66
7
6
4
4
4
5.49
6.94
3.78
4.44
3.61
1.40
0.68
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.43
0.64
0.41
0.56
0.54
0.25
0.14
0
0
0
0
0.66
1.10
0.64
0.84
0.57
0.80
0.53
9
18
6
10
6
7
5
1
0.64
0.56
0.92
1.94
1.61
0.66
0.10
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
2
I
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
0.35
0.48
0.29
0.36
0.32
0.14
0.07
11.02
16.39
8.50
9.94
6.04
7.45
4.41
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
2
3
1
1
2
0
1.23
1.19
2.17
2.48
1.75
2.08
0.35
0.18
0.29
0.36
0.29
0.31
0.20
0.25
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
1
1
1
0
1
1
3
1
0
0
1
10
11
10
3
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
0
0.00
13
Appendix Table 1 (a) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
IIIN
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
_
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
_
_
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
4
4
1
1
3
0
0
3.19
3.98
1.58
0.78
2.28
0.74
0.72
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.26
0.37
0.17
0.09
0.31
0.11
0.13
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.26
0.28
0.10
0.04
0.11
0.03
0.02
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.17
0.19
0.07
0.03
0.08
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0
0
0.11
0.18
0.09
0.06
0.22
0.09
0.11
0
0
0.00
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.43
0.53
0.24
0.34
0.10
0.10
0.14
6
9
4
6
2
2
2
7.26
8.81
3.97
5.51
1.56
1.54
2.26
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.60
0.70
0.31
0.42
0.11
0.11
0.16
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.48
0.63
0.31
0.46
0.14
0.15
0.24
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.23
0.32
0.17
0.28
0.09
0.11
0.19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.37
0.39
0.23
0.06
0.12
0.03
0.00
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.81
1.03
0.74
0.23
0.56
0.34
6
6
2
0
2
1
5.14
4.88
2.62
0.61
1.11
0.50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.32
0.35
0.22
0.06
0.13
0.07
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.36
0.35
0.19
0.04
0.08
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.23
0.20
0.19
0.09
0.09
0.05
0.06
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0.61
0.69
0.85
0.49
0.65
0.43
0.68
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.27
0.24
0.24
0.11
0.11
0.06
0.08
23
22
21
9
10
7
6
25.35
22.38
21.97
9.92
10.47
5.47
6.78
2
1
4
1
0
0
1
1.65
1.72
1.98
1.05
1.31
0.80
1.17
3
2
1
0
2
0
1
0.88
0.78
0.77
0.35
0.37
0.19
0.24
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.14
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.22
0.23
0.32
0.24
0.24
0.32
0.41
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.39
0.24
0.19
0.09
0.05
0.04
0.03
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1.87
1.59
1.71
1.05
0.84
0.88
0.92
8
4
5
2
2
2
1
6.00
4.53
4.37
2.39
1.70
1.59
1.48
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.37
0.30
0.31
0.18
0.14
0.14
0.14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
0.06
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.26
0.25
0.11
0
0
0
0.04
0.12
0.07
0.06
0.09
0.07
0.03
2
1
1
2
2
1
0
0.64
1.67
1.06
0
3
2
0.79
1.89
1.10
1
1
1
0.87
1
0.83
0
1.25
1.01
0.35
1
1
0
1.10
0.81
0.26
0
0
0
1.44
3.10
1.61
1.09
1.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
14
0
0
0
0
0.85
0.25
Appendix Table 1 (a) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IV
IIIM
Exp
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
~~~~~~~
Obs
Obs
Exp
AN births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
8
27
13
9.61
26.34
13.26
1.57
2.96
1.44
2
1
0
1.61
2.01
0.86
0.77
2.69
0.85
0.44
0.91
0.59
0
1
0
0.00
0.08
20-34
48
49.21
5.97
3
4.48
4.32
1.94
1
0.08
0.00
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
1.81
5.14
1.88
30
61
31
28.87
63.75
30.91
4
5
1
4.39
6.13
2.41
4
9
4
3.62
6.04
2.40
2.18
1.79
1.38
0
0
0
0.14
0.15
0.00
20-34
8.83
122
123.54
10
12.92
17
12.06
5.34
0
0.29
1
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
7
1
2.22
4.44
1.20
7
10
2
8.40
11.26
3.71
32
36
17
31.56
39.54
14.85
3
0
0
4.06
2.92
1.14
4
8
2
2.64
2.77
1.06
0
0
0.12
0.07
0.00
20-34
10
7.86
19
23.37
85
85.95
3
8.12
14
6.46
1
0.19
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
2.03
1.89
0.90
8
6
4
12.01
12.37
4.40
6
2
2
4.90
4.34
1.10
205
188
98
205.16
182.73
102.34
26
13
9
24.15
15.13
9.69
9
8
9
6.75
3.53
3.58
20-34
4.82
18
28.78
10
10.34
49 1
490.22
48
48.96
26
13.86
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.82
0.76
0.49
1
5
1
3.79
4.32
1.99
3
7
1
3.14
3.39
1.03
25
10
5
24.92
16.51
8.86
36
39
24
42.54
39.29
22.06
15
6
4
5.78
2.74
1.57
20-34
2.07
7
10.10
11
7.56
40
50.29
99
103.89
25
10.09
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.19
0.12
0.09
1
0
5
0.76
1.25
1.17
0
0
0
1.34
0.15
0.48
14
13
9
16.59
9.68
6.85
12
5
8
12.22
7.25
6.77
19
14
3
14.91
13.55
9.64
20-34
0.39
6
3.18
0
1.97
36
33.13
25
26.24
36
38.10
V
15
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
( a ) Resident in the North
Social Class I a t Census
Social Class I 1 a t Census
GO0
1
400
-
200-
7
T
I
100
.
T
i
:
T
?
b
.
A
;
50-
L
L
I
25 -
10-
5'
5-
Social Class I I I N a t Census
Social Class I I I M a t Census
T
100
50
10
Social Class I V a t Census
I
T
I
.
Social Class V a t Census
loo
21,1111
T
50
! I
I
I
50
10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
5
i
V
I
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
=
ZExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
16
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
7-
x
100
'
t
-c
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(b) Yorkshire and Humberside
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
~
Obs
IIIM
IIIN
Exp
_
Obs
Exp
_
Obs
_
IV
Exp
Obs
~
V
Exp
Obs
~
Exp
~
~
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.71
3.52
4.20
2.76
4.08
2.66
1.29
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0.07
0.39
0.55
0.43
0.75
0.58
0.34
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.10
0.54
0.67
0.46
0.71
0.48
0.24
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.18
0.41
0.53
0.38
0.52
0.42
0.41
5
10
10
7
8
4
5
4.52
8.86
10.14
6.38
7.63
5.42
4.62
0
1
4
0
2
1
0
0.54
1.14
1.40
0.95
1.22
0.93
0.86
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.12
0.44
0.36
0.59
0.84
0.44
0.87
0.55
1.86
1.41
2.21
2.99
1.47
2.78
5
10
6
7
9
3
5
3.73
9.93
6.01
7.47
8.03
3.13
4.70
0
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.22
0.37
0.34
0.50
0.51
0.41
0.31
1.24
2.07
1.99
2.91
3.04
2.51
1.93
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.68
1.04
0.91
1.21
1.15
0.86
0.60
56
59
37
47
36
23
12
0.12
0.17
0.20
0.17
0.20
0.30
0.24
0.94
1.13
1.12
0.81
0.83
1.03
0.71
1
1
0
2
0
1
0
1.37
1.31
1.03
0.60
0.49
0.48
0.26
0.17
0.22
0.13
0.18
0.10
0.03
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.35
0.23
0.33
0.19
0.07
0.17
1
4
5
3
4
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0.10
0.41
0.40
0.22
0.27
0.14
0.06
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.03
0.14
0.17
0.12
0.20
0.14
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.49
1.00
1.20
0.79
0.99
0.73
0.66
0
0
0
1
0
1'
2
0.26
0.56
0.69
0.47
0.61
0.47
0.43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.32
1.00
0.71
1.05
1.34
0.62
1.09
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.73
0.48
0.66
0.78
0.34
0.55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
50.52
61.98
43.64
46.82
35.68
21.60
12.16
1
8
9
7
3
5
5
4.08
5.82
4.75
5.92
5.23
3.67
2.40
1
4
4
2
1
0
0
1.26
1.74
1.37
1.63
1.39
0.94
0.59
7.58
8.41
7.77
5.23
4.96
5.71
3.65
18
20
13
7
6
9
3
19.06
17.92
14.03
8.00
6.43
6.27
3.39
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
1.93
2.06
1.84
1.19
1.09
1.21
0.75
3.01
4.24
2.81
4.12
2.38
0.84
2.20
2
7
6
2
2
1
2
2.34
3.24
2.10
3.02
1.71
0.59
1.51
3
5
1
1
3
0
0
4.14
4.88
2.71
3.33
1.61
0.47
1.04
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
1
1
8
1
1
2
17
Appendix Table 1 (b) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Obs
Exp
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
-----ppp_______
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
6
15
14
11
6
4
3
6.28
16.96
12.09
10.35
5.77
2.81
3.40
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.49
1.56
1.31
1.31
0.86
0.49
0.70
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
0.40
1.18
0.92
0.85
0.51
0.27
0.36
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0.58
1.64
1.23
1.11
0.65
0.33
0.42
0.22
0.59
0.42
0.35
0.19
0.09
0.11
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.80
1.94
1.34
1.36
1.15
0.88
0.71
13
32
18
17
13
9
6
13.39
28.87
17.77
16.05
12.08
8.20
5.88
2
1
3
1
1
0
1
1.31
2.80
1.71
1.54
1.15
0.77
0.55
2
0
2
1
1
0
1
1.07
2.47
1.63
1.58
1.27
0.92
0.71
0.41
0.85
0.50
0.44
0.32
0.21
0.14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.75
1.55
1.28
1.34
1.14
1.13
0.70
0
3
2
3
3
3
1
1.44
3.31
3.00
3.51
3.26
3.57
2.42
13
21
13
12
9
7
4
10.79
18.22
12.15
10.44
7.12
5.74
2.86
0
0
1
0
2
0
0.31
0.76
0.73
0.91
0.90
1.05
0.75
0.63
1.16
0.84
0.78
0.58
0.51
0.27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.46
0.37
0.60
0.42
0.43
0.44
2
1
2
5
0
2
4
2.37
3.28
2.51
3.92
2.64
2.53
2.49
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
0.92
1.23
0.91
1.37
0.88
0.81
0.77
61
70
42
47
34
23
17
60.48
67.03
41.14
5 1.46
27.69
21.33
16.77
3.73
4.70
3.27
4.65
2.84
2.48
2.22
0
2
1
3
0
0
1
1.17
1.30
0.79
1.oo
0.53
0.41
0.32
0
0
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.03
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0.12
0.19
0.20
0.23
0.13
0.36
0.28
1.02
1.41
1.26
1.28
0.61
1.51
1.03
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.99
1.25
1.03
0.95
0.42
0.95
0.59
3
9
4
7
2
2
3
4.20
5.63
4.90
4.81
2.25
5.39
3.55
18
17
14
7
3
6
5
16.89
17.53
11.79
8.96
3.24
6.00
3.06
0.78
0.99
0.83
0.77
0.35
0.79
0.50
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.04
2
1
3
0
0.28
0.46
0.35
0.34
0.27
0.25
0.11
2.28
3.62
2.70
2.58
2.07
1.84
0.78
2
5
3
1
2
1
2.07
3.01
2.07
1.81
1.34
1.09
0.42
4.25
5.90
3.86
3.23
2.27
1.77
0.66
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
18
0.00
5
1
1
0
1
3
1
Appendix Table 1 (b) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
IIIM
Obs
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3.99
6.36
3.94
2.33
3.81
1.48
2.86
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0.33
0.59
0.42
0.28
0.52
0.23
0.50
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.14
0.28
0.23
0.17
0.36
0.18
0.45
0.33
0.45
0.24
0.12
0.18
0.06
0.10
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.21
0.31
0.17
0.09
0.14
0.05
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.77
0.72
0.77
0.44
0.48
0.29
0.05
13
15
13
8
7
5
1
12.91
12.02
12.71
7.08
7.79
4.61
0.75
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1.06
0.96
0.99
0.54
0.57
0.33
0.05
0.86
0.86
0.98
0.59
0.70
0.44
0.08
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.40
0.44
0.55
0.36
0.46
0.32
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.32
0.45
0.23
0.48
0.24
0.12
0.12
1
1
2
2
1
2
0
0.69
1.18
0.74
1.84
1.13
1.35
0.80
5
6
.2
5
1
0
2
4.41
5.58
2.62
4.85
2.22
1.99
0.88
0.27
0.40
0.22
0.48
0.25
0.27
0.14
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.31
0.40
0.19
0.35
0.16
0.15
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.41
0.36
0.20
0.19
0.14
0.11
0.08
1.12
1.27
0.89
1.10
1.00
0.98
0.90
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.49
0.44
0.25
0.24
0.18
0.14
0.10
46.33
41.31
22.81
22.32
16.11
12.50
9.04
3
1
3
2
3
3
2
3.02
3.17
2.06
2.37
2.01
1.84
1.56
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
1.62
1.44
0.80
0.78
0.56
0.44
0.32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.14
0.31
0.08
0.13
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.22
0.70
0.27
0.61
0.24
0.74
0.41
0.39
0.73
0.17
0.22
0.05
0.09
0.03
1.87
4.76
1.47
2.63
0.84
2.06
0.92
0
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.33
0.19
0.25
0.07
0.51
0.00
0.04
0.20
0.09
0.64
2.86
1.32
1.45
0.31
2.01
0.00
I1
47
44
22
24
16
12
10
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.02
0.14
0.00
0.37
0.90
0.27
0.45
0.14
6.00
13.60
3.75
5.97
1.70
3.72
1.48
0
6
0
3
0
3
0
0.79
3.23
1.37
1.38
0.27
1.62
0.00
0.32
0.14
3
4
3
1
1
0
0
1.44
5.31
2.02
1.82
0.32
1.71
0.00
19
Appendix Table 1 (b) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
~
Exa
I1
Obs
~
IIIN
Exu
_
Obs
IIIM
Exp
_
Obs
Exp
_
IV
Obs
Exp
~
V
Obs
Exp
AN birrhs 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
20
59
24
19.21
57.66
24.78
3
5
3
3.11
6.73
2.86
1
6
3
3.21
4.49
1.81
3
5
1
1.61
5.97
1.49
1
2
1
0.87
1.98
1.06
0
0
0
0.00
0.18
0.00
20-34
103
101.65
11
12.70
10
9.51
9
9.06
4
3.91
0
0.18
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
6
0
2.84
8.16
3.53
49
108
62
47.57
102.24
57.88
8
7.03
9.83
4.50
4
7
6
5.86
9.65
4.51
4
3
1
3.48
2.87
2.58
0
9
4
0
0
0.22
0.25
0.00
20-34
8
14.53
219
207.70
21
21.36
17
20.01
8
8.93
0
0.47
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
4
4
1
3.66
7.88
1.95
11
I5
9
13.27
20.52
7.73
45
79
21
42.99
67.31
22.54
9
3
4
6.13
5.42
2.03
1
5
1
3.80
4.78
1.63
0
0
0
0.14
0.08
0.00
20-34
9
13.49
35
41.52
145
132.85
16
13.58
7
10.20
0
0.22
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
0
1
2.66
3.03
1.49
12
16
4
15.69
19.74
7.26
5
5
1
6.45
6.90
1.83
270
294
175
272.40
285.90
170.42
38
23
17
31.83
23.89
16.03
12
7
5
8.93
5.53
5.96
20-34
2
7.19
32
42.68
11
15.17
739
728.73
78
71.80
24
20.42
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
2
0
1.41
1.51
0.81
8
9
5
3
1
6.56
8.12
3.20
1
5.53
6.17
1.67
43
30
12
43.32
30.72
14.53
76
70
42
75.10
67.48
36.21
9
5
3
10.07
5.00
2.58
20-34
3
3.73
18
17.88
9
13.38
85
88.57
L88
178.78
17
17.66
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
0
0
0.22
0.10
0.12
1
0
0.91
2.05
1.39
0
0
0
1.59
0.24
0.61
19
13
8
19.59
15.88
8.60
22
15
12
14.50
11.80
8.67
13
23
12
18.18
21.93
12.62
20-34
0
0.44
2
4.35
0
2.43
40
44.06
49
34.98
48
52.73
I1
IIIM
V
20
1
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
(b) Resident in Yorkshire and Humberside
Social Class I 1 a t Census
600
*0
-
400200 -
-
:7
100
o m
W
-
50 -
T
+
:
7
-
I
.
I
200
-
-
I
I
100
'
;
50-
e
-
25-
A
10-
10
I
-L
-I-
r T . 7
i
c
r
A
:
A
.
O
m 7
.C
400
600
v
-0
25
m
U
m
8
+-'
ln
-
5-
5-
Social Class IIIM a t Census
Social Class IIIN a t Census
0
.r
e
I 200
3
200
-
100
.r h
F a J
.r
n m
E::
U01
I
50
50-
aJ0
Ln.rv
-0
T
j
-
.,.
i
I
25
5
I
4
A.
J.
*
I
J.
.
I
a.
i
25-
m
I
-0
E
m
U
10
v,
5-1
10-
j
5-
I
Social Class IV a t Census
GOO-
400
-
200
-
0
.C
c,
I
200
U
h
.r
.--.100
--a,
A
I
.r 7
n m
o u
E m
u r n
m- O
W
.r v
-U
50-
1
i
-
-
?
A
.
r
I
,
T
I
p+
100
&
,
.&
50 -
I
I
I
A
25-
25-
10 -
10-
5-
5-
m
-U
c
m
c,
ln
Cobserved number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
XExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
-r
x
100
*
+
*
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
21
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(c) East Midlands
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IV
IIIM
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
p
p
p
p
_
_
_
p
_
_
_
_
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.71
2.82
0.70
2.76
2.04
1.99
1.29
0
1
0
0.07
0.31
0.09
0.43
0.38
0.44
0.34
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.10
0.43
0.11
0.46
0.35
0.36
0.24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.33
0.07
0.22
0.13
0.11
0.06
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.45
0.41
0.76
0.46
0.47
0.52
0.47
13
8
13
11.29
8.86
14.49
7.80
6.93
6.77
5.28
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1.34
1.14
2.00
1.16
1.11
1.17
0.98
0
2
2
0
2
1
1
1.22
1.oo
1.72
0.97
0.90
0.92
0.75
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.17
0.28
0.47
0.44
0.66
0.29
0.70
1
2
0
2
3
0
6
6
9
4
7
3
2
5.22
6.38
8.01
5.60
6.31
2.09
3.76
0
0
1
1
5
0.77
1.19
1.89
1.66
2.35
0.98
2.22
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.17
0.25
0.38
0.26
0.40
0.36
0.45
1
3
1
2
4
0
3
0.94
1.41
2.22
1.53
2.39
2.18
2.79
0
0
2
2
2
2
1
0.08
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.23
0.18
0.24
0.58
1.13
0.91
0.76
0.95
0.62
0.71
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.02
0.03
0.02
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.11
0.03
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.56
0.98
0.57
0.55
0.58
0.49
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.35
0.47
0.65
0.50
0.62
0.22
0.44
0
0
0
0
0.44
0.64
0.95
0.79
1.05
0.41
0.88
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.51
0.71
1.01
0.64
0.90
0.75
0.87
39
41
50
23
25
20
18
38.32
42.45
48.58
24.60
28.09
18.72
17.56
3.10
3.98
5.29
3.11
4.12
3.19
3.47
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0.84
1.31
0.84
0.56
0.56
0.29
0.26
2
9
8
8
6
3
4.64
8.41
6.28
4.90
5.67
3.43
3.65
14
20
8
3
8
3
2
11.68
17.92
11.33
7.50
7.35
3.76
3.39
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.18
0.03
0.07
0.03
0
2
1
3
0
0
0
0.60
0.98
1.40
2.25
0.40
0.84
0.44
2
1
1
0
1
2
1
0.47
0.75
1.05
1.65
0.29
0.59
0.30
I1
8
4
7
5
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
0.96
1.19
1.52
0.86
1.10
0.82
0.86
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
5
1.18
2.06
1.48
1.12
1.25
0.73
0.75
v
1971
0
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0.83
1.13
1.35
1.82
0.27
0.47
0.21
Appendix Table 1 ( c ) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
Ohs
-
Exp
-
-
Exp
Ohs
-
-
.
IIIM
Exp
Ohs
_
_
_
IV
Exp
Ohs
~
~
V
Exp
Ohs
~
.
~
Ohs
Exp
~
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.51
0.91
0.57
0.67
0.83
0.54
0.36
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
0.72
1.27
0.77
0.87
1.06
0.66
0.42
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.28
0.46
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.18
0.11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
1
4
1
1
0
0
1.69
2.05
1.12
1.46
0.72
0.77
0.34
1.38
1.80
1.06
1.50
0.80
0.92
0.44
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0.53
0.62
0.33
0.42
0.20
0.21
0.09
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
1.13
4.24
4.00
2.06
2.26
2.38
2.77
8
23
18
6
6
6
3
8.48
23.32
16.20
6.14
4.93
3.83
3.27
1
2
1
0
3
0
0
0.50
1.48
1.12
0.46
0.40
0.34
0.31
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0
2
0.25
0.98
0.98
0.54
0.62
0.70
0.86
0
0
0.00
0.00
2
6
3
5
3
2
3
1.61
3.02
2.56
2.93
2.64
1.99
2.92
1
0.63
1.14
0.92
1.02
0.88
0.64
0.90
42
62
38
33
26
16
20
41.20
61.88
41.98
38.39
27.69
16.76
19.68
1
1
7
7
4
2
4
2.54
4.33
3.34
3.47
2.84
1.95
2.60
1
2
1
0
1
1
0
0.80
1.20
0.81
0.74
0.53
0.32
0.38
0.09
0.14
0.17
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.31
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.81
1.04
1.07
0.75
0.70
0.71
1.14
0
1
0
0.78
0.93
0.87
0.56
0.48
0.44
0.65
5
4
2
3
1
3
3
3.32
4.17
4.16
2.83
2.57
2.52
3.94
12
15
13
5
5
3
5
13.37
12.99
10.02
5.27
3.71
2.80
3.40
0
0
0.62
0.74
0.70
0.46
0.40
0.37
0.55
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0.13
0.18
0.12
0.08
0.09
0.15
0.11
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.04
0
2
0
0
1.01
1.39
0.90
0.65
0
I
0
0
0.69
1
1.10
0.78
1
0
0.92
1.16
0.69
0.45
0.45
0.65
0.42
4
2
3
0
0
1
2
6
12
7
6
6
5
4
7.85
13.11
7.56
8.13
9.38
5.61
3.40
0
1
1
3
0
0
1
0.61
1.20
0.82
1.03
1.40
0.99
0.70
2
4
0
2
5
1
2
2
1
2
17
18
10
13
7
9
4
17.32
21.07
11.59
15.29
7.55
8.20
3.67
3
3
0
1.03
1.41
0.87
1.29
0.72
0.88
0.44
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
0.59
1.99
1.70
0.79
0.79
0.76
0.80
2
4
2
3
0
2
2
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.22
0.42
0.38
0.45
0.42
0.34
0.52
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
0
1
1
5
0
1
0
r m
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
1
I
v
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0
0
0.00
0.00
.o
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
1.89
2.27
1.29
0.81
0.76
1.06
0.66
23
Appendix Table 1 (c) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
---_________-_
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
9
7
8
3
5
4
2
7.18
6.36
7.09
2.33
3.81
2.97
1.43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.59
0.59
0.75
0.28
0.52
0.46
0.25
1
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.28
0.41
0.17
0.36
0.36
0.22
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.59
0.45
0.44
0.12
0.18
0.12
0.05
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.48
0.68
0.68
0.39
0.05
0.29
0.24
9
14
9
6
1
6
3
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.42
0.45
0.29
0.12
0.18
0.12
0.06
0
1
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0.39
0.31
0.31
0.09
0.14
0.10
0.04
8.07
11.22
11.12
6.30
0.78
4.61
3.77
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.66
0.90
0.86
0.48
0.06
0.33
0.26
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0.54
0.80
0.86
0.52
0.07
0.44
0.39
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.41
0.48
0.32
0.05
0.32
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
0.93
1.18
0.93
0.46
0.84
1.35
0.40
6
5
4
1
1
3
1
5.88
5.58
3.27
1.21
1.66
1.99
0.44
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.41
0.40
0.24
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.36
0.40
0.28
0.12
0.19
0.27
0.07
0.25
0.36
0.19
0.13
0.08
0.07
0.06
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.68
1.24
0.82
0.73
0.60
0.62
0.68
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.29
0.43
0.23
0.16
0.11
0.09
0.08
26
42
22
16
11
9
8
27.97
40.45
21.12
14.88
9.66
7.81
6.78
1
3
3
1
0
0
1
1.82
3.10
1.91
1.58
1.21
1.15
1.17
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.98
1.41
0.74
0.52
0.34
0.27
0.24
0.11
0.16
0.11
0.10
0.06
0.03
0.05
0
0
0
1
1
0.17
0.37
0.36
0.48
0.40
0.32
0.69
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.38
0.22
0.17
0.08
0.04
0.05
1
5
3
2
1
1.46
2.49
1.96
2.10
1.40
0.88
1.53
5
6
3
4
3
1
0
4.67
7.12
4.99
4.78
2.83
1.59
2.46
1
0.29
0.47
0.35
0.36
0.23
0.14
0.23
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.00
0
0
0
0.04
0.11
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
0
0
0
0.43
0.95
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.71
0
2
1
0.52
1.08
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.53
0
0.00
0
0.05
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
1
0.07
0.08
0.22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I1
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
24
1
1
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
1
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.96
1.77
0.40
0.36
0.32
0.28
0.49
Appendix Table 1 (c) continued
Social class
Census,
age of
married men
at
Social class at birth of child
I1
I
Obs
~ -
Exp
- _
IIIM
IIIN
Obs
_ _
Exp
_ _
Obs
Exp
_ _ _
Obs
_ ~
IV
Exp
- _
Obs
_ _
V
Exp
_ _
Obs
_ _
Exp
~
_
~
AN birrhs 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
14
36
38
12.31
55.03
31.17
1
6
0
2.05
6.76
3.44
2
14
1
2.07
4.39
2.06
0
6
1
1.02
5.78
1.96
1
2
0
0.56
1.88
1.37
0.00
0.16
0.00
20-34
98
98.52
7
12.24
17
8.51
7
8.75
3
3.82
0.16
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
9
6
3.54
6.65
2.80
58
78
48
61.43
84.70
45.87
12
9
1
8.89
8.15
3.55
8
12
3
7.47
7.91
3.63
5
2
0
4.40
2.39
2.13
0.28
0.20
0.00
20-34
17
12.99
184
191.99
22
20.60
23
19.01
7
8.92
0.48
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
6
5
1
3.02
7.40
1.63
13
15
6
11.06
18.84
6.09
37
70
21
37.37
66.15
20.03
5.16
4.92
1.69
2
7
2
3.24
4.62
1.44
0.13
0.06
0.00
20-34
12
12.06
34
35.99
128
123.56
11.77
11
9.29
0.19
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
2.27
2.74
1.13
14
24
4
13.46
17.67
5.39
9
6
1
5.39
6.14
1.39
216
237
134
218.33
247.58
128.69
27
26
9
26.26
21.08
11.94
4
6
5
7.30
4.79
4.50
20-34
6.14
42
36.49
16
12.91
587
594.59
62
59.27
15
16.58
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
20-34
1.22
1.17
0.63
5
4
4
5.64
6.22
2.80
3
2
0
4.65
4.72
1.25
41
21
17
36.99
23.51
11.81
58
58
22
62.93
51.56
28.44
12
4
4
8.57
3.82
2.07
3.02
13
14.66
5
10.61
79
72.31
138
142.94
20
14.46
V
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.31
0.85
0.60
0
0
0
0.56
0.12
0.23
6
3
1
6.90
6.53
3.29
8
5
4
5.09
4.74
3.22
4
12
6
6.08
8.72
4.60
20-34
0.15
1.76
0
0.91
10
16.72
17
13.05
22
19.40
25
~
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
(c) Resident in the East Midlands
Social Class I 1 a t Census
600400-
*0
6007
r
I
.r
c,
m
200-
4
.r
h
c,
.-
l
h
i
- w 100
.r r-
n m
T
I
*
I
o m
E
v
'00,
4
50 -
I
a
m 0
7
.U
A
I
v
25 -
I
I
L
U
m
S
m
c,
10-
v,
l 50 1
5-1
Social Class I I I N a t Census
Social Class IIIM a t Census
GO0
GO0
c0
.r
c,
m
h
c,
.r h
-a
.r
n m
7
o v
E m
251
I
.L
10
5-1
Social Class IV a t Census
Social Class V a t Census
GO0
4001
-
2007
c,
h
=U 100
&
.r 7
-
4
e
I
L
L
200
-
100
Rim
o v
E m
U 0
m
W O
y
.-
v
L
50-
A
50
-
?
?
-
A
t
-
l
-
t
25-
L
25-
L
U
m
I
I
m
E
=:
-
10-
10-
5-
5I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h of c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
CExpected number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
26
-r
x
100
'
t
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(d) East Anglia
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
IIIN
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
V
IV
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
-
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.71
2.11
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.00
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.18
0.20
0.19
0.21
0.09
0.42
0.35
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0.26
0.28
0.25
0.26
0.11
0.47
0.37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.32
0.36
0.56
0.18
0.10
0.51
0.33
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.26
0.38
0.11
0.06
0.28
0.17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.00
13.94
16.13
18.11
5.56
7.59
4.32
4.05
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1.13
1.51
1.97
0.70
1.11
0.73
0.80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.35
0.45
0.57
0.19
0.30
0.19
0.20
1.47
2.98
2.39
1.63
1.42
1.52
2.03
3
8
4
4
2
2
1
3.69
6.36
4.32
2.50
1.84
1.67
1.89
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
0.37
0.73
0.57
0.37
0.31
0.32
0.41
0.90
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.00
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.70
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.00
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.24
0.38
0.34
0.30
0.27
0.24
0.00
0.10
0.25
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
0
0.10
0.32
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.00
0.00
0
5
4.52
4.43
3.62
3.55
1.39
5.42
3.96
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0.54
0.57
0.50
0.53
0.22
0.93
0.74
0.49
0.50
0.43
0.44
0.18
0.73
0.56
0.12
0.16
0.28
0.10
0.06
0.36
0.26
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.55
0.66
1.10
0.37
0.21
1.23
0.83
3
4
6
1
1
3
2
3.73
3.54
4.67
1.24
0.57
2.61
1.41
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.06
0.09
0.14
0.06
0.11
0.08
0.10
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
0.34
0.54
0.83
0.35
0.65
0.50
0.64
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.19
0.27
0.38
0.14
0.24
0.17
0.20
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.13
0
1
1
0
0.18
0.40
0.34
0.25
0.24
0.27
0.39
0
0
2
0
0.26
0.46
0.32
0.19
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.00
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.23
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
4
5
4
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
15
18
17
4
8
3
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
27
Appendix Table 1 (d) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
Obs
IIIM
Obs
IV
Obs
Exp
0.29
0.22
0.46
0.24
0.24
0.08
0.17
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.11
0.08
0.16
0.08
0.07
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.23
0.67
0.44
0.57
0.28
0.14
0.57
0.20
0.64
0.45
0.64
0.34
0.18
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.22
0.07
0.20
0.13
0.16
0.08
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.72
1.32
1.17
1.03
1.75
1.19
0.35
5.39
7.29
4.72
3.07
3.84
1.91
0.41
0.16
0.30
0.29
0.27
0.48
0.35
0.11
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0.32
0.46
0.33
0.23
0.31
0.17
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
1.06
0.92
1.18
1.43
0.68
1.36
0.65
0.42
0.35
0.43
0.50
0.23
0.44
0.20
27.17
18.91
19.31
18.79
7.12
11.43
4.37
1
2
0
2
0
3
1
1.68
1.32
1.54
1.70
0.73
1.33
0.58
0.53
0.37
0.37
0.36
0.14
0.22
0.08
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.07
0.13
0.07
0.06
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.43
0.57
0.69
0.38
0.61
0.30
0.23
0.41
0.51
0.57
0.28
0.42
0.19
0.13
1.75
2.29
2.69
1.42
2.25
1.08
0.79
8
8
8
0
4
2
1
7.04
7.14
6.49
2.64
3.24
1.20
0.68
0.32
0.40
0.45
0.23
0.35
0.16
0.11
0.05
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.00
0.12
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
1.01
0.00
0.90
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.39
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
0.92
0.00
0.69
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.21
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
Exp
3.14
2.31
4.53
2.22
2.16
0.70
1.36
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.25
0.21
0.49
0.28
0.32
0.12
0.28
0.20
0.16
0.34
0.18
0.19
0.07
0.14
0.42
0.16
0.52
0.39
0.57
0.32
0.18
6
1
7
3
6
2
1
7.09
2.34
6.96
4.59
6.04
2.98
1.47
0.37
0.62
0.50
0.39
0.61
0.38
0.10
0
2
3
1
0
1
1
0.14
0.13
0.17
0.22
0.11
0.23
0.11
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
29
19
20
21
8
8
5
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
2
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1.89
0.00
1.29
0.40
0.38
0.35
0.33
Appendix Table 1 (d) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
IIIN
Exp
IV
IIIM
Obs
Exp
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.17
0.00
0.14
0.06
0.07
0.18
0.00
Obs
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
0.40
0.00
0.15
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.00
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.26
0.00
0.10
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Exp
---______--___----
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
4.79
0.00
2.36
0.78
0.76
1.48
0.00
0
0
0
0
0.39
0.00
0.25
0.09
0.10
0.23
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.10
0.29
0.19
0.19
0.10
0.10
0.00
2
4
3
4
2
1
0
1.61
4.81
3.18
3.15
1.56
1.54
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.38
0.25
0.24
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.34
0.24
0.26
0.14
0.15
0.00
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.18
0.14
0.16
0.09
0.11
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.11
0.06
0.17
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.06
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0.23
0.15
0.56
0.23
0.00
0.68
0.40
2
1
0
1
1
1.47
0.70
1.96
0.61
0.00
1.oo
0.44
0.09
0.05
0.17
0.06
0.00
0.13
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.05
0.14
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.14
0.10
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.38
0.34
0.26
0.41
0.40
0.31
0.38
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.17
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.07
0.04
0.04
15.74
11.19
6.76
8.27
6.44
3.91
3.77
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1.03
0.86
0.61
0.88
0.80
0.57
0.65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.55
0.39
0.24
0.29
0.23
0.14
0.13
0.08
0.10
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.12
0.23
0.14
0.12
0.08
0.11
0.41
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.22
0.24
0.08
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.03
1.04
1.59
0.73
0.53
0.28
0.29
0.92
3.33
4.53
1.87
1.19
0.57
0.53
1.48
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.21
0.30
0.13
0.09
0.05
0.05
0.14
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.15
0.00
0.17
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.06
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.43
0.72
0.26
0.87
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.52
0.81
0.27
0.83
0.00
0.54
0.00
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0.96
1.33
0.40
1.09
0.00
0.57
0.00
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
16
12
6
10
7
5
3
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
Appendix Table 1 (d) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
IIIN
I1
I
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
--_________--All births 1971-77
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
4
16
11
4.89
16.43
10.17
1
1
0
0.63
1.96
1.07
0.77
1.29
0.61
0.51
1.71
0.68
0
1
1
0.20
0.56
0.47
0.00
0.05
0.00
20-34
31
31.49
2
3.65
2.68
2.90
2
1.23
0.05
20-24
25-29
30-34
1.65
2.56
0.97
27
26
16
26.88
3 1.46
15.84
4.02
3.02
1.23
3.33
3.00
1.25
3
1
1
1.99
0.88
0.72
0.13
0.08
0.00
20-34
5.17
69
74.18
8.27
7.58
5
3.59
0.20
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
1.34
2.98
0.51
4
8
3
4.96
7.54
2.24
20
23
7
17.79
26.63
6.17
1
0
2.34
1.95
0.57
3
0
1.50
1.86
0.45
0
0
0
0.07
0.04
0.00
20-34
4.83
15
14.74
50
50.59
7
4.87
4
3.80
0
0.11
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.65
1.12
0.49
7
3
1
3.84
7.28
2.48
1.60
2.55
0.60
68
110
59
69.70
107.10
56.07
10
9
4
7.96
8.87
5.40
2.24
2.07
1.96
20-34
2.26
11
13.60
4.75
237
232.87
23
22.24
6.27
I1
2
5
IIIM
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
0
0
0.47
0.57
0.30
2.08
3.21
1.21
1.65
2.51
0.65
8
11
7
13.45
12.27
5.37
24
31
12
22.26
28.43
13.51
5
3
2
3.09
2.02
0.96
20-34
' 2
1.34
6.51
4.80
26
31.09
67
64.19
10
6.08
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.13
0.43
0.48
0.23
0.06
0.21
2
2
6
2.77
3.34
2.95
3
5
1
2.07
2.49
2.98
2.76
4.64
4.35
20-34
0.13
1.04
0.49
10
9.06
9
7.53
11.75
V
30
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
(d) Resident in East Anglia
Social Class I1 a t Census
Social Class I a t Census
+:
600 1
GO0
400-
400
0
4
.r
.!2
I
200-r
U
h
.r h
W
7
+
100
.r ?
-
n 5
o u
E m
50
u r n
W
-
O
mv
-
1
-
255
U
5
S
=:
10' O5 j
5J
Social Class IIIM a t Census
Social Class IIIN a t Census
*0
400-
.r
U
I
c
h
,
-
z,
.r
a
200-
-
.
T
100
m
I
o u
E m
.L
50-
urn
a 0
-
m-
.r v
y
25-
m
u
c
m
=:
105
5-1
J
Social Class V a t Census
Social Class IV a t Census
,,,]
600
GO0
*0
4004
I
.r
U
m
2
L
200
4
U
h
.rh
.--a
.r
n m
o u
7
E m
251
50-
2510 -
10
5
5J
I
I1
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h of c h i l d
1'1
II'IN II'IM
I;
Social Class a t b i r t h of c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
CExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
x
100
t
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
31
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(e) South East
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Obs
Exp
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
Married men aged 20-24
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.65
0.67
0.56
0.62
0.59
0.58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
1
0
1
1
1
0.99
1.97
1.55
0.99
0.85
0.62
0.47
3.76
6.05
2.30
6.96
4.77
4.08
4.66
3
5
8
4
8
4
4
3.42
5.35
1.97
5.79
3.86
3.21
3.56
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
1.83
2.96
1.13
3.45
2.38
2.04
2.34
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.11
0.19
0.07
0.22
0.15
0.13
0.15
26
45
40
31
29
23
14
24.60
50.34
44.74
34.85
31.55
21.94
17.38
1
8
8
4
6
4
6
2.09
5.06
5.32
4.91
5.25
4.32
4.05
1
3
3
3
5
2
2
1.64
3.68
3.60
3.09
3.08
2.36
2.05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.19
0.27
0.16
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.01
2.53
5.15
5.72
7.11
8.14
7.53
6.65
1
2
4
5
2
6
2
1.39
2.58
2.60
2.95
3.07
2.59
2.08
107
148
126
108
87
67
46
103.65
154.54
125.16
114.28
95.66
64.79
41.87
6
15
13
16
16
7
7
8.38
14.51
13.63
14.44
14.02
11.02
8.27
2
4
1
5
3
1
0
2.59
4.33
3.92
3.99
3.73
2.83
2.04
2
2
3
1
2
4
2
2.04
2.18
2.67
3.04
2.19
2.33
2.59
3
3
3
0
1
0
2.95
2.53
2.47
2.24
1.28
1.09
0.97
14
15
19
16
14
10
18
16.37
16.28
18.54
19.61
13.11
12.95
13.38
44
37
32
35
18
17
11
41.19
34.69
33.46
29.99
16.99
14.21
12.44
4.17
4.00
4.38
4.47
2.88
2.74
2.74
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.49
0.36
0.50
0.38
0.21
0.16
0.08
2
1
2
0
2
0
0
0.73
0.56
0.86
0.69
0.41
0.33
0.17
6
5
14
13
2
4
2
8.72
6.85
10.52
8.62
5.17
4.19
2.20
6
6
3
6
5
5
1
6.79
5.23
7.87
6.31
3.71
2.94
1.51
11.99
7.89
10.15
6.96
3.49
2.37
1.04
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
7
17
19
11
16
13
10
7.05
16.91
16.09
12.44
12.90
11.29
10.33
2
2
1
2
1
0
4
0.66
1.87
2.12
1.94
2.38
2.47
2.68
0
3
2
5
1
3
1
1.04
2.60
2.57
2.07
2.24
2.04
1.94
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3
1
3
3
0
3
2
1.27
2.16
0.87
2.79
2.02
1.83
2.21
33
46
2
47
29
25
26
31.61
47.28
16.66
46.81
29.82
23.70
25.08
2
9
7
9
3
2
5
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
3
4
1
5
1
6
0.82
2.24
2.65
2.74
3.31
3.06
3.23
4
12
12
17
10
12
9
3.65
9.41
10.53
10.33
11.74
10.30
10.27
0
1
4
0
1
1
1
0.45
0.91
0.99
1.21
1.36
1.24
1.08
3
12
4
10
17
8
6
0.27
0.34
0.48
0.64
0.54
0.67
0.87
0.27
0.12
0.10
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.00
1
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
5
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
32
Appendix Table 1 (e) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
-
Exp
IIIN
Obs
IV
IIIM
Exp
-
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
-
Exp
Obs
-
Exp
~
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
48.66
69.39
57.44
42.87
36.78
28.06
25.17
3
8
7
8
3
6
9
3.80
6.37
6.21
5.45
5.50
4.93
5.20
2
3
0
3
3
1
1
3.13
4.84
4.35
3.51
3.27
2.70
2.63
4.48
6.72
5.85
4.59
4.14
3.32
3.13
2
1
1
2
2
1
1.73
2.43
1.98
1.46
1.23
0.92
0.82
0.19
0.24
0.17
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.05
5.73
7.64
8.03
6.08
5.53
5.17
4.23
96
120
109
66
54
46
37
96.06
113.94
106.65
71.85
58.15
48.44
35.26
9
12
9
10
6
6
3
9.39
11.07
10.28
6.87
5.52
4.57
3.30
7.66
9.74
9.77
7.06
6.12
5.46
4.26
2
2
5
2
1
1
1
2.92
3.34
3.02
1.96
1.53
1.23
0.87
0.23
0.28
0.26
0.17
0.14
0.12
0.09
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3.62
7.58
6.75
6.45
4.91
4.72
3.38
8
15
17
23
22
12
11
7.00
16.15
15.85
16.93
14.04
14.89
11.75
56
92
65
39
28
28
18
52.41
88.89
64.1 1
50.36
30.68
23.92
13.88
1.52
3.72
3.88
4.40
3.87
4.36
3.66
0
5
2
5
1
3
1
3.08
5.66
4.44
3.78
2.50
2.11
1.33
0.37
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.89
1.50
1.48
1.56
1.54
1.48
1.45
3
12
14
12
16
11
6
6.65
10.67
10.16
10.22
9.56
8.78
8.22
2.60
4.01
3.66
3.56
3.20
2.82
2.54
175
216
155
125
94
76
53
170.04
218.29
166.24
133.97
100.47
73.89
55.40
12
17
20
13
10
6
7
10.50
15.29
13.23
12.10
10.30
8.60
7.33
1
2
2
1
1
1
3.30
4.24
3.21
2.59
1.93
1.42
1.06
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.30
0.47
0.57
0.57
0.60
0.72
0.75
6
3
4
2
4
5
3
2.51
3.45
3.66
3.15
2.89
3.02
2.74
2.44
3.06
2.98
2.35
1.97
1.89
1.56
4
10
19
12
10
7
7
10.31
13.75
14.20
11.89
10.61
10.78
9.47
44
41.53
42.86
34.20
22.13
15.29
12.00
8.16
1
6
4
0
2
0
3
1.91
2.43
2.40
1.91
1.63
1.58
1.32
0.88
0.88
0.77
0.55
0.46
0.45
0.53
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.19
6
10
9
7
2
3
4
7.10
6.95
6.01
4.20
3.46
3.31
3.89
6
8
4
4
2
2
6.45
5.79
4.59
2.94
2.22
1.96
2.11
13
5
4
2
4
4
4
13.22
1 1.34
8.58
5.25
3.79
3.18
3.28
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
52
72
63
43
39
30
23
IILN
41
26
25
12
12
10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
33
Appendix Table 1 (e) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
~
~
~
Exp
Obs
~
IIIM
IIIN
I1
Exp
Obs
_
_
Ohs
_
_
Exp
_
_
~
_
V
IV
Obs
Exp
Obs
_
_
_
Ohs
Exp
_
_
_
Exp
_
_
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
31
38
26
11
10
16
4
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
5
2
32.72
36.57
29.16
12.43
11.42
14.08
3.58
6
3
3
3
4
2
1
2.68
3.40
3.08
1.49
1.56
2.18
0.63
1.14
1.63
1.68
0.92
1.08
1.72
0.56
2.71
2.61
1.80
0.66
0.53
0.56
0.12
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
1.76
1.78
1.28
0.49
0.41
0.46
0.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
3.13
4.44
3.44
2.32
2.23
1.31
1.30
53
69
59
33
36
22
18
52.45
73.71
56.42
37.78
35.82
20.77
20.34
4.31
5.89
4.38
2.86
2.63
1.48
1.42
3.48
5.27
4.35
3.14
3.21
2.00
2.13
0
6
1
4
1
3
3
1.63
2.69
2.42
1.90
2.12
1.44
1.67
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.49
3.34
2.84
2.20
1.62
0.47
0.93
2
10
9
11
6
5
4
5.44
8.83
9.07
8.51
7.60
5.42
6.41
35
43
33
21
16
7
10
34.52
41.84
32.09
22.45
14.96
7.96
7.03
2.13
3.01
2.70
2.21
1.72
1.07
1.10
2
4
1
2
0
2
0
2.42
2.97
2.31
1.64
1.10
0.59
0.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IllM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.87
1.16
0.70
0.66
0.44
0.27
0.20
2.35
4.01
3.08
3.69
3.21
2.52
2.40
1
1
2
0
1
0
0
1.02
1.40
0.86
0.82
0.56
0.35
0.27
97
127
76
76
50
31
22
97.04
130.83
79.42
75.22
51.55
32.03
24.11
9
10
6
7
6
7
6
6.33
10.03
7.17
7.98
6.44
4.70
4.17
2
7
4
2
0
0
1
3.39
4.58
2.77
2.63
1.80
1.12
0.85
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.07
0.92
0.64
0.28
0.26
0.32
0.19
1.67
2.08
2.08
1.33
1.77
3.18
2.62
3
3
2
1
0
1
0
2.96
2.16
1.27
0.48
0.37
0.39
0.19
13
12
13
8
3
9
5
14.14
14.04
11.27
5.78
6.14
8.81
5.80
45
35
26
10
18
14
8
45.34
40.15
28.72
13.13
12.45
15.92
9.35
2
4
1
0
1
0
1
2.81
2.66
2.03
0.99
1.01
1.38
0.86
0.11
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.38
0.26
0.25
0.52
0.42
0.76
0
2
0
0.18
0.23
0.13
3
5
2
5
3
4
5.77
6.20
2.82
1
0.10
2
0.18
0.12
0.18
1
2
4
3.14
3.77
1.92
1.38
2.20
1.35
1.84
4
1
1
0
1
0
2.56
3.34
1.85
1.43
2.51
1.68
2.48
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
34
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
2
1.82
3
0
1
2.59
1.42
1.73
_
_
_
_
Appendix Table 1 (e) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
-
IIIN
Obs
Exp
-
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
-
IV
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
-
Obs
Exp
-
All births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
93
322
136
87.01
308.38
139.98
12
44
22
14.12
37.46
15.01
15
13
6
14.50
24.44
8.73
7
23
11
7.43
32.24
9.00
0
11
4
3.92
10.57
6.28
0
1
0
0.00
0.92
0.00
20-34
55 1
535.38
78
66.59
34
47.67
41
48.67
15
20.78
1
0.92
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
15
44
23
13.15
42.42
18.16
208
528
290
220.95
530.35
297.29
37
55
30
32.58
51.01
22.97
36
48
15
27.17
50.07
23.57
13
14
18
16.13
14.88
13.87
2
1
0
1.02
1.28
0.00
20-34
82
73.73
1026
1048.60
122
106.56
99
100.81
45
44.88
3
2.30
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
21
32
14
18.05
37.41
13.89
76
108
47
66.24
96.61
51.28
208
326
165
225.40
324.24
160.85
37
24
15
31.00
25.39
13.93
19
17
11
19.51
22.89
11.56
0
0
0
0.80
0.37
0.00
20-34
67
69.35
231
214.13
699
710.49
76
70.32
47
53.96
0
1.17
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
8
16
6
7.24
9.91
4.29
60
74
28
42.84
64.25
21.27
22
32
5
17.28
22.40
5.28
689
894
479
699.95
918.31
490.19
80
85
51
84.28
77.35
46.82
16
9
16
23.43
17.75
17.14
20-34
30
21.43
162
128.37
59
44.95
2062
2108.44
216
208.45
41
58.32
20-24
25-29
30-34
3
5
7
3.82
3.98
3.68
16
27
24
17.04
21.42
14.73
15
25
10
13.53
16.25
7.81
106
69
63
110.25
81.01
65.99
194
170
156
182.96
176.17
165.07
19
16
9
25.38
13.18
11.74
20-34
15
11.48
67
53.19
50
37.58
238
257.25
520
524.19
44
50.30
1
IV
V
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
2
0.56
0.32
0.22
2
8
4
2.17
4.50
2.84
7
2
4
3.75
0.56
1.12
46
41
19
46.26
34.92
15.87
32
27
17
34.36
26.06
15.61
43
36
12
43.90
48.63
22.35
20-34
4
1.10
14
9.52
13
5.43
106
97.04
76
76.03
91
1114.88
35
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
(e) Resident in the South East
Social Class I a t Census
*0
600
600
400
400
.r
-
c,
-
c,
z z 100
200-
-
n
m
o m
E
v
-
urn
W O
m v
.C
7
v
-
+ ; - -T
-a
1
A
100
.r v
w
.
h
A.
50 -
25
25
-
10
10
-
5
5-
m
73
m
S
=1
Social Class IIIN a t Census
Social Class IIIM a t Census
600
400
1
*
L
21
50
urn
cn- O
W
.rv
U
m
U
E
m
L)
i?
10
5
Social Class IV a t Census
GO0
c
0
Social Class V a t Census
-
600
400-
400
.r
c,
I
200-
h
r
*;
c,
=,loo
.r 7
.L
no v
m
E m
u
rn
m
a J 70
.r v
2
+
T
*
c
0
L
¶?
r
7
+
*
:1,
5025-
m
73
c
m
2
1
10-
10
5-'
5
I
I
,
I
I1
I I I N IIIM IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o =
ZExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
36
-I-
x
100
'
.
I
.
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(f) South West
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
-
Obs
-
Exp
IIIN
Obs
-
IV
Obs
IIIM
Exp
-
Obs
~
Exp
p
V
Exp
Obs
~
Exp
~
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
7
3
4
3
2
3
2.12
6.34
2.10
2.76
2.72
1.99
2.58
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.20
0.70
0.28
0.43
0.50
0.44
0.67
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0.31
0.97
0.34
0.46
0.47
0.36
0.49
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.39
0.61
0.49
0.59
0.75
0.84
0.47
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.30
0.74
0.20
0.22
0.18
0.11
0.12
0.08
0.24
0.09
0.12
0.13
0.10
0.14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11
12
9
12
9
13
8
9.78
13.30
9.42
9.93
11.09
10.83
5.28
1
2
1
0
3
1
0
1.16
1.70
1.30
1.48
1.78
1.87
0.98
1.06
1.50
1.12
1.23
1.44
1.47
0.75
0.57
0.83
0.64
0.73
0.88
0.93
0.49
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.32
0.28
0.83
0.54
0.66
0.73
0.44
1.44
1.19
3.30
2.03
2.35
2.45
1.39
12
7
16
8
9.69
6.38
14.02
6.85
6.31
5.22
2.35
0.82
0.64
1.67
0.96
1.05
1.03
0.55
0.64
0.47
1.13
0.61
0.62
0.56
0.28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.15
0.21
0.29
0.19
0.24
0.46
0.31
0.83
1.19
1.69
1.14
1.42
2.76
1.93
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.46
0.60
0.77
0.47
0.54
0.95
0.60
33.97
35.66
37.05
18.25
16.70
23.76
12.16
2.75
3.35
4.04
2.31
2.45
4.04
2.40
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.85
1.00
1.16
0.64
0.65
1.04
0.59
0.06
0.13
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.21
0.43
0.83
0.60
0.71
0.59
0.48
0.63
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0.62
0.97
0.56
0.52
0.35
0.22
0.23
0.14
0.07
0.12
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.06
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.20
0.11
0.20
0.06
0.09
0.13
0.14
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
I1
5
6
3
1
33
35
33
20
19
28
13
0
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3.42
6.24
4.19
4.58
3.54
2.67
3.24
11
14
9
5
5
4
3
8.61
13.30
7.55
7.00
4.59
2.93
3.02
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.87
1.53
0.99
1.04
0.78
0.56
0.66
2.40
1.30
2.45
0.75
1.19
1.68
1.76
3
0
1
0
1
0
2
1.87
1.00
1.84
0.55
0.86
1.18
1.21
1
2
4
0
1
1
1
3.31
1.50
2.37
0.61
0.81
0.95
0.83
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
1
1
3
1
37
~
Appendix Table 1 ( f ) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Obs
Exp
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
5
12
8
10
5
4
3
5.49
11.56
6.05
7.39
4.33
2.81
2.72
1
0
0
0
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
2
1
2
1
0
1
2
0
1
0.51
1.12
0.62
0.79
0.49
0.33
0.34
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.20
0.41
0.21
0.25
0.14
0.09
0.09
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
1.31
2.27
1.49
2.12
0.86
0.84
0.41
1
1
3
4
1
1
0
1.07
2.00
1.42
2.18
0.95
1.01
0.53
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0.41
0.69
0.44
0.61
0.24
0.23
0.11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01
1.75
1.85
2.17
2.48
3.51
1.79
2.77
13.10
10.20
8.77
7.37
7.67
2.87
3.27
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
0.38
0.43
0.53
0.64
0.97
0.52
0.86
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.77
0.65
0.61
0.55
0.62
0.25
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0
1
0
0.61
0.75
0.71
0.49
0.41
0.28
0.15
0
0
0
0.43
1.06
0.65
0.94
0.65
0.49
0.56
0.35
0.81
0.46
0.61
0.38
0.27
0.28
1
2
0
0
1
0.80
1.57
1.16
1.88
0.86
0.96
0.53
15
22
12
21
10
11
3
13.39
23.41
15.46
22.17
9.06
8.94
4.41
0.91
0.87
0.92
0.94
1.23
0.57
0.80
1
1
2
3
5
1
2
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I
0
0
0
2
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.17
0.27
0.33
0.29
0.33
0.29
0.21
1.23
1.89
2.26
1.93
2.03
1.72
1.19
0.48
0.71
0.81
0.67
0.68
0.55
0.37
30
38
41
26
22
12
10
31.55
38.67
36.94
25.32
21.36
14.47
8.02
4
4
1
4
4
3
0
1.95
2.71
2.94
2.29
2.19
1.69
1.06
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.12
0.16
0.14
0.16
0.20
0.17
0.16
1.02
1.15
0.88
0.90
0.96
0.71
0.57
0.99
1.02
0.72
0.67
0.66
0.44
0.33
6
4
2
4
3
0
3
4.20
4.58
3.43
3.40
3.54
2.52
1.97
18
14
8
4
5
7
1
16.89
14.29
8.25
6.32
5.10
2.80
1.70
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.06
1
3
3
1
1
0
0
2.28
1.95
2.40
0.97
1.04
0.74
1.17
4
2
0
1
2
0
1
2.07
1.62
1.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.81
0.58
0.55
0.54
0.37
0.28
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
38
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.28
0.25
0.31
0.13
0.14
0.10
0.16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.68
0.67
0.43
0.63
4
2
4.25
3.17
3.43
1.21
1.14
0.71
0.98
Appendix Table 1 (f) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
_
_
_ IIIN~
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
-
Exp
-
IIIM
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
-
Exp
V
Obs
-
Exp
-
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
6
7
4
0
1
2
3.99
4.77
7.09
4.66
0.00
0.74
1.43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.33
0.44
0.75
0.56
0.00
1.11
0.25
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.14
0.21
0.41
0.34
0.00
0.09
0.22
0
1
7
14
7
7
3
3
3
8.88
15.22
7.95
6.30
2.34
3.08
3.01
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.73
1.22
0.62
0.48
0.17
0.22
0.21
5.14
11.85
3.27
5.46
2.22
1.99
1.32
1
1
0
0.33
0.34
0.44
0.25
0.00
0.03
0.05
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.21
0.23
0.31
0.19
0.00
0.02
0.04
0
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
1.09
0.61
0.52
0.21
0.30
0.32
1
2
1
0
0
1
0
0.28
0.55
0.34
0.32
0.14
0.21
0.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.32
0.85
0.28
0.54
0.25
0.27
0.21
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0.36
0.84
0.24
0.40
0.16
0.15
0.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.22
0.27
0.19
0.17
0.04
0.06
0.06
24
24
19
15
4
5
6
20.98
24.96
17.74
15.71
4.03
5.47
5.27
0
4
1
1
1
0
1
1.37
1.91
1.60
1.67
0.50
0.80
0.91
0
0
0
1
0
0.73
0.87
0.62
0.55
0.14
0.19
0.19
3
3
2
0
2
3
0
2.91
1.59
1.96
1.58
1.12
1.47
0.92
9
3
6
4
2
1
3
9.34
4.53
4.99
3.58
2.26
2.65
1.48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.58
0.30
0.35
0.27
0.18
0.23
0.14
2
1
0
1
0
0
0.64
1.19
0.79
1.16
0.63
1.01
1.06
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.79
1.35
0.82
1.10
0.55
0.81
0.79
1
2
2
2
1
3
2
1.44
2.21
1.21
1.45
0.65
0.85
0.74
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0.53
0.92
0.48
0.39
0.15
0.19
0.19
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.37
0.95
0.29
0.53
0.24
0.12
0.17
1
2
1
2
0
3
1
0.81
2.50
0.93
2.07
1.13
1.35
1.20
5
12
4
5
4
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.19
0.22
0.16
0.14
0.03
0.05
0.04
0
1
1
2
0
1
0
0.51
0.77
0.69
0.77
0.25
0.43
0.53
0
0
0
0
0
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.22
0.10
0.11
0.08
0.05
0.05
0.03
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.34
0.23
0.36
0.36
0.32
0.53
0.41
1
0
2
0
0
0
0.61
0.24
0.22
0.13
0.07
0.06
0.03
1971
1972
1973
0
0
0
1974
0
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.06
0.14
0.11
0.20
0.13
0.25
0.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.08
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.07
0.08
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
V
0
39
Appendix Table 1 (f) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
-
I1
Obs
Exp
-
IIIN
Obs
Exp
-
IIIM
Obs
Exp
-
IV
Obs
V
Exp
-
Obs
Exp
~
All births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
24
47
22
20.61
40.35
22.69
2
1
0
3.22
4.79
2.44
3
1
1
3.40
3.16
1.42
1
5
2
1.86
4.19
1.44
0.91
1.39
1.01
0
0
0
0.00
0.12
0.00
20-34
93
83.65
3
10.45
5
7.98
8
7.49
3.31
0
0.12
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
4
7
1
4.14
7.75
2.85
74
94
8
10
6
10.26
9.31
3.64
8
11
3
8.56
9.16
3.63
4
4
5
5.08
2.71
2.09
0
44
69.63
96.83
46.77
0
0
0.32
0.23
0.00
20-34
12
14.74
212
213.24
24
23.22
22
21.35
13
9.88
0
0.55
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
3.80
6.23
2.68
8
15
10
14.15
16.31
9.99
57
50
32
50.82
53.25
31.26
5
10
3
6.72
4.33
2.71
9
4
2
4.30
3.77
2.25
0
0
0
0.20
0.09
0.00
20-34
12.71
33
40.45
139
135.33
18
13.76
15
10.32
0
0.29
20224
25-29
30-34
1.85
1.88
0.82
13
11
5
10.96
12.26
3.94
3
2
0
4.39
4.28
1.01
181
179
97
177.55
176.35
94.16
22
20
8
21.33
14.82
8.77
1
1
2
5.93
3.41
3.29
20-34
4.56
29
27.16
5
9.68
457
448.06
50
44.92
4
12.63
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.94
1.10
0.64
4
8
2
4.27
6.19
2.57
3
4
4
3.47
4.83
1.36
29
22
13
27.88
23.63
11.53
51
57
28
46.44
55.35
28.84
0
2
0
6.44
3.90
2.05
20-34
2.69
14
13.04
11
9.66
64
63.04
136
131.18
3
12.39
IIIM
IV
v
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.13
0.10
0.07
0.53
1.36
1.22
1
0
0
0.93
0.16
0.46
14
9
4
11.54
10.54
6.48
7
10
4
8.50
7.94
6.21
10
14
13
10.38
14.89
8.56
20-34
0.31
3.10
1
1.55
27
28.56
21
22.65
37
33.83
40
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
*0
600 7
600 -
400-
400
-
200-
200
-
.r
c,
I
-U
h
.r
T
T
aJ--ol
n5
o v
EIn
50
urn
I
-
2
?
;
*
25-
m
:
50-
.1-
W O
In-
.r v
T
100
-
.r ?
I
j
-
-
-I
L
L
.
I
t
A
A.
25 -,
I
U
S
m
=:
10-
5-
l 50 1
L
Social Class I I I M a t Census
600
-
400-
c0
.r
c,
m
200-
h
L)
-
-
.r 1
-01
.r
7* 'iI :
100
n m
o
E m
v
urn 50-
-
l
-
i
*
I
L
I
W -O
m
.r v
U
L
m
25-
U
E:
m
c,
V,
10-
5-1
Social Class IV a t Census
c0
.r
Social Class V a t Census
GO0
600 7
4001
400
-
200
-
c,
m
L
h
c,
.r
-
- r T
+
100
-aJ
.r 7
n m
E m
o
u
50
u r n
-
*
I
I
a
I
4
.
W O
In-
.-
v
25-
U
L
m
u
S
l.Am
10-
Ln
5
J
5-
-L
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h of c h i l d
Cobserved number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
XExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
x
100
41
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(9) West Midlands
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
~
Obs
V
IV
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
~
~
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
5
1
4
4
1
5
2
4.23
2.82
4.90
4.15
2.72
5.31
3.23
0
0
1
0
1
2
2
0.40
0.31
0.64
0.65
0.50
1.16
0.84
1
2
1
1
0
1
1
0.62
0.43
0.78
0.69
0.47
0.96
0.61
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0.60
0.33
0.47
0.33
0.18
0.29
0.15
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.15
0.11
0.20
0.19
0.13
0.28
0.18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
0
2
0
0
0.39
0.37
0.60
0.51
0.56
0.68
0.64
11
8
10
11
9
9
8
9.78
8.13
11.59
8.51
8.32
8.80
7.26
0
1
3
1
2
1
1
1.16
1.04
1.60
1.26
1.33
1.52
1.35
1
2
0
0
1
0
1.06
0.92
1.37
1.05
1.08
1.19
1.03
1
0
0.57
0.51
0.79
0.63
0.66
0.76
0.68
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.04
2
1
4
3
4
4
0
1.55
1.33
2.83
4.06
2.99
3.68
1.94
10
8
8
14
9
6
5
10.44
7.09
12.02
13.69
8.03
7.84
3.29
1
0
2
3
1
2
1
0.89
0.71
1.43
1.93
1.34
1.54
0.77
0
1
3
1
0
1
1
0.69
0.52
0.97
1.21
0.78
0.84
0.39
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
0
2
0
0.35
0.32
0.71
1.08
0.84
1.09
0.61
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
2
0
1
0
1
0.20
0.43
0.40
0.64
0.49
0.48
0.66
1
2
0
2
2
0
3
1.13
2.46
2.29
3.75
2.91
2.93
4.08
0
2
1
2
0
0
1
0.62
1.24
1.04
1.56
1.10
1.01
1.28
49
74
47
56
33
29
26
46.16
73.87
50.23
60.31
34.16
25.20
25.67
3
7
9
14
7
5
6
3.73
6.93
5.47
7.62
5.01
4.29
5.07
0
2
2
2
2
1
1
1.16
2.07
1.57
2.11
1.33
1.10
1.25
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.11
0.25
0.17
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.34
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0.85
1.63
0.95
1.27
1.07
0.89
1.02
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
1.23
1.89
0.88
0.93
0.62
0.42
0.38
11
14
10
7
9
8
4
6.84
12.21
6.58
8.17
6.38
4.95
5.27
17
22
8
14
5
5
5
17.21
26.01
11.87
12.50
8.26
5.43
4.90
0
5
2
1
2
0
4
1.74
3.00
1.56
1.86
1.40
1.05
1.08
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0
0
4
4
2
0
1
3
2
3.31
4.56
2.81
0.75
1.59
2.51
1.32
2.58
3.48
2.10
0.55
1.14
1.77
0.91
5
4
2
1
2
3
0.00
0.28
0.38
0.23
0.06
0.13
0.20
0.10
2
6
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.19
0.24
0.13
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.04
4.55
5.26
2.71
0.61
1.08
1.42
0.63
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
42
1
0
0
0
1
0
Appendix Table 1 ( 9 ) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Ohs
IV
Exp
Ohs
V
Exp
Obs
EXD
Married men uged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
7
16
9
7
6
9
6
8.63
15.42
12.85
7.39
6.49
9.12
6.80
0
1
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
1
2
3
0
1
1
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
2
1
2
0
0.67
1.42
1.39
0.94
0.97
1.60
1.41
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0.56
1.08
0.97
0.61
0.58
0.88
0.71
3
2
4
0
2
2
1
0.80
1.49
1.31
0.79
0.73
1.08
0.85
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.31
0.54
0.44
0.25
0.22
0.30
0.22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
1.36
1.99
1.28
1.88
1.29
1.43
0.79
23
30
19
20
15
14
6
22.83
29.66
17.00
22.17
13.59
13.42
6.61
3
3
1
4
0
0
1
0
0.69
0.87
0.48
0.61
0.36
0.34
0.16
0
0
5
1
2
1
1.82
2.53
1.56
2.18
1.43
1.51
0.80
0
0
1
2.23
2.88
1.64
2.12
1.29
1.27
0.62
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.02
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
1.12
1.55
1.28
1.50
1.58
0.94
1.19
3
3
2
0
3
3
4
2.16
3.31
3.00
3.92
4.51
2.98
4.15
16
16
14
16
11
4
7
16.18
18.22
12.15
11.67
9.86
4.78
4.90
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.47
0.76
0.73
1.02
1.24
0.87
1.29
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
0.95
1.16
0.84
0.88
0.80
0.42
0.47
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.34
0.61
0.62
0.49
0.54
0.70
0.52
1
4
8
4
3
3
4
2.57
4.37
4.26
3.24
3.39
4.16
2.92
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1.01
1.64
1.54
1.13
1.13
1.34
0.90
67
92
71
43
38
37
18
65.74
89.38
69.69
42.48
35.60
35.04
19.68
4
5
2
4
3
4
3
4.06
6.26
5.54
3.84
3.65
4.08
2.60
1
2
2
0
0
1
1
1.28
1.74
1.34
0.82
0.68
0.67
0.38
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.17
0.24
0.27
0.36
0.35
0.34
0.22
1
2
0
2
3
2
1
1.44
1.77
1.70
2.03
1.67
1.41
0.80
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1.40
1.58
1.39
1.51
1.14
0.88
0.46
5
9
13
10
6
6
3
5.94
7.09
6.61
7.64
6.11
5.03
2.76
28
21
13
14
8
5
3
23.93
22.08
15.92
14.23
8.80
5.60
2.38
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1.10
1.25
1.12
1.23
0.94
0.74
0.39
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.38
0.32
0.27
0.29
0.09
0.25
0.21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.07
1
3
3
3
0
3
2
3.04
2.50
2.10
2.26
0.69
1.84
1.56
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
2.76
2.08
1.61
1.59
0.45
1.09
0.84
8
3
2
2
1
1
1
5.67
4.08
3.00
2.83
0.76
1.77
1.31
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
43
Appendix Table 1 (g) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
IIIN
I1
I
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Married men aged 30-34
I
0
0.45
0.40
0.34
0.19
0.21
0.14
0.03
0.10
0
0.26
0.23
0.14
0.15
0.11
0.02
0.08
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1.46
1.41
0.86
0.71
0.51
0.33
0.53
1.18
1.26
0.86
0.78
0.63
0.44
0.79
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.55
0.64
0.48
0.48
0.41
0.32
0.62
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.16
2.21
2.04
0.92
0.56
1.02
0.80
7
7
7
4
1
1
0
7.34
10.46
7.20
2.43
1.11
1.49
0.88
0.45
0.75
0.61
0.24
0.13
0.20
0.14
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.52
0.74
0.52
0.18
0.08
0.11
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
1.32
1.08
1.50
1.15
1.11
1.28
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.30
0.46
0.30
0.33
0.20
0.15
0.14
28.85
43.03
27.88
30.58
18.52
14.06
12.81
3
4
4
2
4
1
3
1.88
3.30
2.52
3.24
2.31
2.06
2.21
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1.01
1.51
0.97
1.07
0.65
0.49
0.45
3.12
5.66
4.16
2.89
2.51
1.47
1.53
13
15
10
6
7
3
3
10.00
16.19
10.61
6.57
5.09
2.65
2.46
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0.62
1.07
0.75
0.50
0.41
0.23
0.23
1.49
1.43
3.70
1.74
0.94
0.67
1.06
1
1
4
3
0
0
0
1.83
1.62
3.84
1.66
0.82
0.54
0.79
4
3
8
1
2
1
2
3.37
2.66
5.64
2.18
0.97
0.57
0.74
0
0
0
0.17
0.21
0.18
0.29
0.29
0
0.09
1
0.39
0.44
0.33
0.47
0.41
0.11
0.50
2
1.06
1.06
0.68
0.58
0.44
0.29
0.48
18
17
11
9
6
4
8
17.75
17.63
11.12
9.45
7.01
4.61
7.54
0.53
0.84
0.64
0.24
0.12
0.09
0.12
3
3
1
0
1
1
1
0.26
0.38
0.24
0.27
0.16
0.12
0.11
0
0
1
1
2
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
4.79
4.77
3.15
3.89
3.05
0.74
2.86
1
0
1
0
1
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
29
45
27
33
17
15
13
IV
0.24
0.37
0.24
0.14
0.11
0.05
0.05
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.65
0.87
0.47
0.24
0.15
0.06
0.05
0.37
0.84
0.77
0.67
0.73
0.53
0.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.14
0.16
0.52
0.30
0.20
0.17
0.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.10
0.26
0.12
0.07
0.05
0.08
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
Appendix Table 1 (g) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
Obs
_
Exp
_
_
Obs
Exp
_
.
_
I
IV
IIIM
V
Obs
-___-
All births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
22
60
22
27.35
66.71
23.25
6
7
4
4.50
8.40
2.67
7
5
3
4.57
5.38
1.68
3
14
1
2.34
7.05
1.41
2
4
0
1.24
2.28
1.00
0
0
0
0.00
0.20
0.00
20-34
104
117.31
17
15.56
15
11.62
18
10.79
6
4.52
0
0.20
20-24
25-29
30-34
6
10
4
3.76
10.03
4.59
66
127
73
62.39
125.28
75.11
9
10
4
9.27
12.05
5.82
4
15
10
7.70
11.83
5.94
3
1
4
4.59
3.51
3.50
0
0
0
0.29
0.30
0.00
20-34
20
18.37
266
262.78
23
27.13
29
25.48
8
11.60
0
0.59
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
5
15
4
5.00
9.16
2.57
18
18
10
18.37
24.04
8.70
60
84
27
62.39
77.76
30.91
10
2
5
8.60
6.39
2.52
7
4
1
5.41
5.52
2.21
0
0
0
0.22
0.12
0.00
20-34
24
16.72
46
51.11
171
171.07
17
17.51
12
13.14
0
0.34
20-24
25-29
30-34
4
2
2
3.30
3.84
1.53
10
27
4
19.55
24.91
8.14
6
5
2
7.84
8.69
1.90
314
366
179
315.60
357.61
175.74
51
25
21
38.12
30.03
17.54
10
7
3
10.59
6.91
6.15
20-34
8
8.67
41
52.60
13
18.42
859
848.95
97
85.69
20
23.64
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
1
0
1.67
1.95
1.19
4
11
0
7.68
10.82
4.59
6
3
1
6.36
8.35
2.49
63
52
27
50.41
41.18
21.34
76
92
57
86.20
92.94
53.58
14
3
2
11.69
6.76
3.81
20-34
2
4.81
15
23.09
10
17.21
142
112.93
225
232.71
19
22.25
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
0
0
0.22
0.14
0.15
0.80
1.81
1.81
1
0
0
1.37
0.23
0.78
16
15
11
16.85
14.00
11.04
14
13
9
12.52
10.42
11.10
17
18
21
16.25
19.41
16.12
20-34
0
0.51
4.41
1
2.38
42
41.88
36
34.04
56
51.78
I1
IIIM
IV
V
45
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
(9) Resident in the West Midlands
S o c i a l C l a s s I a t Census
S o c i a l C l a s s I 1 a t Census
6007
5
J
l 50 1
GO0
6007
400-
400
7
200-
-
~
-
*
100
I
A
-
urn
I
+
-I
50-
.rv
-
?-
*
T
I
T
?
*
25-
U
m
S
=I
10-
10
5-
-,
S o c i a l C l a s s V a t Census
S o c i a l C l a s s I V a t Census
GO0
GO07
400-
*
h
-4
.r h
A
100
.r ,-- a
E m
W
Ln-
U
a
50-
-
O
'
25 -
-
-r
?
i
50 -
-
25-
I
-
-
-
I
L
-
I
I
I
100
T
I
n m
o u
urn
200
& t
m
U
t:
m
10-
5-1
r
I
I
I1
IIIN IIIM IV
V
S o c i a l Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
I
I
I
I
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
* S t a n d a r d i s e d mobi 1 it y r a t i o
=
X E x p e c t e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
46
I
I
I
I1
I
1
I I I N IIIM
IV
V
S o c i a l Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
-r
x
100
'
A
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(h) North West
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
~
I1
Exp
~
Obs
~
IIIN
Exp
_
IIIM
Exp
Obs
_
_
~
IV
Exp
Obs
_
Obs
_
_
Exp
~
V
Obs
Exp
_
_
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
_
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
4
4
2
7
3
3
6
4.23
3.52
3.50
6.22
4.75
3.32
5.17
1
1
1
1
2
1
0.40
0.39
0.46
0.97
0.88
0.73
1.34
8
18
13
16
12
9
5
6.77
16.99
18.83
14.89
14.56
9.48
5.28
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0.60
0.41
0.34
0.50
0.31
0.18
0.23
0.81
2.18
2.60
2.21
2.33
1.63
0.98
1
1
4
3
2
2
0
0.73
1.92
2.23
1.84
1.89
1.28
0.75
0.39
1.06
1.28
1.10
1.16
0.82
0.49
1
0
0
0.76
1.64
1.03
1.49
2
1.34
0
0
1.34
0.77
0.60
1.19
0.70
0.94
0.78
0.73
0.39
6.27
7.73
7.71
5.32
5.01
5.88
3.60
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.27
0.78
0.98
0.89
0.99
0.73
0.47
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.30
0.72
0.51
0.83
0.84
0.95
0.61
1.33
3.05
2.04
3.13
2.99
3.19
1.94
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.34
0.48
0.56
0.45
0.49
0.66
0.47
1.90
2.75
3.23
2.62
2.91
4.02
2.90
1.04
1.38
1.47
1.09
1.10
1.38
0.91
82
83
72
42
32
33
20
77.52
82.36
70.81
42.06
34.16
34.56
18.24
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.12
0.21
0.20
0.28
0.28
0.32
0.29
0.91
1.38
1.12
1.32
1.12
1.10
0.86
1.32
1.60
1.03
0.97
0.66
0.51
0.32
5
13
7
6
8
3
3
7.33
10.31
7.77
8.50
6.73
6.09
4.46
21
18
15
17
7
7
6.91
6.85
8.07
5.99
4.77
3.77
3.52
9
15
11
13
10
9
5
0.15
0.14
0.15
0.28
0.23
0.17
0.29
0.62
0.54
0.56
1.04
0.82
0.60
0.97
8.95
16.31
8.68
10.58
8.03
6.79
3.29
2
0.02
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.03
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
IIIM
1.94
2.31
2.22
1.47
1.33
1.51
0.89
5
18.44
21.97
14.03
12.99
8.72
6.69
4.15
1
3
1
1
0
3
1
1.87
2.53
1.84
1.94
1.48
1.29
0.91
4
5
4
3
4
3
1
5.39
5.23
6.03
4.39
3.42
2.65
2.42
10
8
11
2
6
2
2
9.51
7.89
7.78
4.84
3.23
2.14
1.67
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.22
0.12
0.08
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.39
0.36
0.39
0.26
0.19
0.14
0.12
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.58
0.56
0.66
0.48
0.38
0.29
0.27
9
7
7
11
2
3
5
47
~
Appendix Table 1 (h) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
-
Exp
Obs
-
Exp
IIIM
Obs
-
IV
Exp
Obs
-
Exp
V
Obs
-
Exp
-
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
21
8
14
11
5
8
5
18.84
12.34
18.89
8.87
5.77
7.02
4.76
1
3
5
1
0
0
0
1.47
1.13
2.04
1.13
0.86
1.23
0.98
2
3
3
0
2
0
1
1.21
1.86
1.43
0.73
0.51
0.68
0.50
1.74
1.20
1.92
0.95
0.65
0.83
0.59
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.67
0.43
0.65
0.30
0.19
0.23
0.15
0
0
0
0
0
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1.13
2.67
1.98
2.33
1.80
1.27
1.32
19
41
26
32
20
13
12
18.90
39.80
26.28
27.52
18.88
11.92
11.02
2
4
2
0
2
2
1
1.85
3.87
2.53
2.63
1.79
1.12
1.03
1.51
3.40
2.41
2.70
1.99
1.34
1.33
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0.57
1.17
0.74
0.75
0.50
0.30
0.27
0
1
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
4
3
5
0
0
2
1.49
2.17
1.63
2.12
1.40
0.94
1.19
1
7
5
6
5
4
6
2.88
4.63
3.84
5.58
4.01
2.98
4.15
22
24
12
14
7
3
3
21.58
25.50
15.52
16.58
8.77
4.78
4.90
2
0
0
1
0
0
3
1
1
1
0.62
1.07
0.94
1.45
1.11
0.87
1.29
0
1.27
1.62
1.07
1.24
0.71
0.42
0.47
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0.37
0.65
0.59
0.60
0.57
0.75
0.69
3
4
3
7
3
1
1
2.78
4.62
4.00
3.92
3.54
4.43
3.89
0
3
3
1
2
3
0
1.09
1.74
1.44
1.37
1.18
1.43
1.20
73
93
65
51
35
41
29
71.00
94.53
65.49
51.46
37.18
37.33
26.24
5
6
3
3
6
4
3
4.38
6.62
5.21
4.65
3.81
4.35
3.47
0
4
3
0
1
0
2
1.38
1.84
1.26
1.oo
0.71
0.72
0.50
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.12
0.31
0.23
0.31
0.40
0.27
0.57
0
4
1
1
1
0
1
0.98
2.24
1.45
1.73
1.93
1.11
2.05
0
2
1
1
2
1
1
0.95
2.00
1.18
1.29
1.32
0.69
1.17
5
6
7
7
9
7
8
4.02
8.96
5.63
6.51
7.08
3.95
7.10
18
29
13
11
8
3
7
16.19
27.92
13.56
12.12
10.19
4.40
6.12
0
2
1
3
1
0
0
0.75
1.58
0.95
1.05
1.09
0.58
0.99
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
1
0
0.16
0.56
0.54
0.42
0.37
0.15
0.16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.06
0
5
5
3
2
0
1
1.27
4.45
4.20
3.23
2.76
1.10
1.17
1
3
2
1
3
0
1.15
3.71
3.21
2.27
1.78
0.65
0.63
4
8
6
6
3
2.36
7.26
6.00
4.04
3.03
1.06
0.98
0
2
2
0
1
2
1
0
4
1
1
2
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.15
0.00
0.00
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
48
0
0
0
0
1
3
1
~
Appendix Table 1 (h) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
IIIM
IV
Obs
Exp
0
1
0
0.36
0.46
0.50
0.46
0.22
0.18
0.11
0.86
0.74
0.54
0.33
0.11
0.06
0.02
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
Obs
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
0.56
0.50
0.38
0.25
0.08
0.05
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
10.38
10.34
8.67
6.22
2.28
1.48
0.72
0
2
1
0
0
0
0.85
0.96
0.92
0.75
0.31
0.23
0.13
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.06
0.82
0.87
0.68
0.39
0.53
0.29
17
16
13
11
8
10
5
17.75
13.62
14.30
11.02
6.23
8.46
4.52
0
3
1
0
1
0
1.46
1.09
1.11
0.83
0.46
0.61
0.32
1.18
0.97
1.10
0.92
0.56
0.82
0.47
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.55
0.50
0.61
0.55
0.37
0.59
0.37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.69
0.78
0.81
0.53
0.54
0.15
0.35
3
2
2
3
3
4
2
1.50
2.06
2.59
2.07
2.53
1.69
2.40
8
10
10
4
3
1
4
9.55
9.76
9.17
5.46
4.99
2.49
2.64
0.59
0.70
0.77
0.54
0.57
0.33
0.41
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.67
0.69
0.66
0.40
0.37
0.19
0.20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.37
0.30
0.21
0.12
0.11
0.05
2
3
1
0
2
3
0
1.48
1.29
1.34
1.18
0.90
1.05
0.60
0.64
0.45
0.37
0.26
0.16
0.15
0.07
62
43
36
22
12
13
6
61.19
42.17
34.64
23.97
14.50
13.28
6.03
0.49
0.33
0.32
0.19
0.14
0.13
0.08
0.76
0.74
1.04
0.91
0.97
1.27
1.10
1.35
0.77
0.63
0.32
0.20
0.15
0.08
6
4
6
6.45
4.98
5.63
3.94
3.35
3.52
2.44
0.11
0.02
0.02
0.24
0.11
0.22
0.35
0.13
0.34
0.33
0.18
0.07
0.11
0.14
0.04
0.10
0.08
0
1
0
0
1
1
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
5
3
3
1
2.56
0.95
1.59
2.03
0.63
1.34
1.06
23
16
14
8
8
8
5
3.99
3.23
3.13
2.54
1.81
1.95
1.04
2.14
1.47
1.21
0.84
0.51
0.47
0.21
20.67
14.25
14.36
8.96
6.79
6.37
3.94
1.28
0.94
1.02
0.68
0.55
0.55
0.36
3.14
1.08
1.65
1.93
0.55
1.08
0.79
5.77
1.77
2.42
2.54
0.65
1.14
0.74
49
Appendix Table 1 (h) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
IIIN
Ohs
IIIM
~~
Exp
Exp
Obs
Exp
IV
Ohs
Exp
V
Ohs
Exp
-----------All birrhs 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
29
72
41
30.71
76.49
40.08
7
10
3
5.16
8.85
4.14
20-34
142
147.28
20
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
6
12
3
5.10
12.49
4.64
20-34
21
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
20-34
6
11
3
5.16
5.92
2.29
3
8
2
2.57
7.88
2.65
0
1
2
1.40
2.63
1.84
0.00
0.24
0.00
18.15
20
13.36
13
13.10
3
5.88
0.24
81
163
80
86.81
154.31
75.91
12
13
6
12.74
14.83
5.87
13
8
6
10.65
14.68
6.02
10
4
1
6.30
4.31
3.54
0.40
0.37
0.00
22.23
324
317.03
31
33.43
27
31.35
15
14.16
0.77
2
16
7
4.77
10.96
3.85
16
34
19
17.68
28.06
14.86
72
85
40
62.62
97.63
44.05
5
10
2
8.36
7.35
3.92
3
5
2
5.33
6.82
3.17
0.24
0.15
0.00
25
19.59
69
60.60
197
204.30
17
19.63
10
15.32
0.39
20-24
25-29
30-34
5
3
1
3.45
4.21
1.72
17
22
11
20.31
27.19
7.85
6
12
4
8.36
9.45
2.10
364
387
194
359.71
383.24
195.78
31
30
18
41.52
32.49
17.70
22
10
4
11.60
7.41
6.84
20-34
9
9.37
50
55.35
22
19.91
945
938.73
79
91.71
36
25.91
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
2
2
1.70
2.19
1.68
12
8
5
7.82
11.49
6.79
7
8
2
6.42
8.59
3.51
45
49
28
51.20
43.25
30.32
90
89
82
87.00
90.50
75.33
10
7
4
11.86
6.98
5.38
20-34
6
5.56
25
26.09
17
18.52
122
124.78
261
252.83
21
24.22
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
0
0
0.46
0.06
0.16
1.85
2.35
1.71
3.23
0.27
0.72
44
16
9
39.88
18.19
10.16
24
11
12
29.52
13.40
10.22
41
31
16
37.06
24.73
15.03
20-34
1
0.68
5.92
4.22
69
68.22
47
53.14
88
76.82
5
IIIM
V
50
men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
Social Class I 1 a t Census
-
600
400
400-
+
0
-
.r
w
2
-
-
200-
w
h
T
.r
r
.r 7
a 100
n
1
m
o u
E m
urn
a -0
m
50
.rv
-
600
-
+
*
4
.
*
200-
-
T
*
100-
1
A
l
-
T
25 -
4
.
T
T
*
*
I
-
r
*
'
A
I
+
:
*
50
+
25-
m
U
S
m
=;
10-
10 -
*
5-
5'
Social Class IIIM a t Census
600
*0
-
400-
.r
4J
E
200-
-
h
?
.w
-a100
1
.r r
n
m
A
L
T
2
urn
?
I
:
o u
E m
-
I
*
*
50-
I
m
a 0r
.C
y
v
A.
25-
m
U
S
m
=:
10-
5
5-
J
Social Class V a t Census
Social Class IV a t Census
GO0
-
GO0 7
400
400-
+
-
0
.r
c,
2
200-
c
h
,
7
I
.r 7
t
o v
I
.r h
,...
a,
100
n m
E m
m m
50-
W O
m 7
.rv
y
T
I
200 -
-
6
r
-
-
-
I
100
*
I
A
T
T
*
*
*
A
I
50 -
6
L
*
25-
25-
10-
10-
5-
5-
m
D
CJ
E
z
ZObserved number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
XExpected'number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
-I-
x
+
n
100
*
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
51
Appendix Table 1 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by region of
residence in 1971
(i) Wales
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
-
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
Obs
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.54
0.34
0.23
0.00
0.36
0.24
0
IIIM
Exp
IV
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Married men aged 20-24
I
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.41
0.20
0.11
0.00
0.11
0.06
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.14
0.09
0.06
0.00
0.10
0.07
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0.73
0.25
0.69
0.53
0.36
0.37
0.28
1
0
0
1
0.81
0.28
0.80
0.63
0.44
0.47
0.37
0.39
0.14
0.39
0.31
0.22
0.23
0.19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.44
0.93
0.94
1.66
1.49
1.23
1.11
3
5
4
5
2
5
2
2.98
4.96
4.01
5.60
4.02
2.61
1.88
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.25
0.50
0.48
0.79
0.67
0.51
0.44
0
0
0
0
0.20
0.36
0.32
1
0
1
0.39
0.28
0.22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
0.55
1.30
1.39
1.63
1.29
1.42
1.72
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0.30
0.65
0.63
0.68
0.49
0.49
0.54
26
43
30
28
16
13
12
22.65
39.06
30.47
26.19
15.18
12.24
10.81
0
2
1
1
1
I
3
1.83
3.67
3.32
3.31
2.23
2.08
2.13
0
1
1
3
i
1
1
0.57
1.09
0.95
0.91
0.59
0.53
0.53
0.05
0.07
0.17
0.14
0.16
0.10
0.21
0
1
2
0
3
0
1
0.40
0.47
0.95
0.66
0.65
0.34
0.63
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0.57
0.55
0.88
0.48
0.38
0.16
0.23
4
3
8
4
3
0
3
3.18
3.53
6.58
4.25
3.90
1.90
3.24
8
7
li
6
5
5
3
7.99
7.52
11.87
6.50
5.05
2.09
3.02
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0.81
0.87
1.56
0.97
0.86
0.40
0.66
0.03
0.04
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.14
0.08
0.22
0.09
0.24
0.09
0.13
0.17
0
3
0
3
0
3
3
0.90
2.61
1.05
3.00
1.19
1.68
2.20
1
0.70
1.99
0.79
2.19
0.86
1.18
1.51
2
2
1
5
1
0
1
1971
1972
1973
i 974
1975
1976
1977
0
2
1
1
0
2
2
0.00
3.52
2.10
1.38
0.00
1.99
1.29
0
1
1
1
0
0
0.00
0.39
0.28
0.22
0.00
0.44
0.34
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.27
0.10
0.30
0.25
0.19
0.21
0.17
8
1
6
3
3
4
2
6.77
2.22
5.79
4.26
2.77
2.71
1.98
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.10
0.22
0.24
0.44
0.42
0.36
0.35
0
1
2
3
2
0
1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.23
0.24
0.28
0.22
0.23
0.28
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.50
IIIM
0
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.05
2
0
0.13
0.05
0.06
0.08
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
0
1.24
3.00
1.02
2.42
0.81
0.95
1.04
Appendix Table 1 (i) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Married men aged 2s-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3.92
4.63
4.53
1.48
1.44
3.51
4.08
1
1
2
0
0
0
2
0.31
0.42
0.49
0.19
0.22
0.62
0.84
0.25
0.32
0.34
0.12
0.13
0.34
0.43
0.36
0.45
0.46
0.16
0.16
0.41
0.51
0.14
0.16
0.16
0.05
0.05
0.12
0.13
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.56
0.89
'0.70
0.91
0.36
0.96
0.44
11
14
11
9
3
10
5
9.45
13.27
9.27
10.70
3.78
8.94
3.67
0.92
1.29
0.89
1.02
0.36
0.84
0.34
0.75
1.13
0.85
1.05
0.40
1.01
0.44
0.29
0.39
0.26
0.29
0.10
0.23
0.09
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.16
0.56
0.71
0.63
0.61
0.38
0.30
0
0
2
2
2
2
1
0.31
1.19
1.67
1.65
1.75
1.19
1.04
2.31
6.56
6.75
4.91
3.84
1.91
1.22
0.07
0.27
0.41
0.43
0.48
0.35
0.32
0.14
0.42
0.47
0.37
0.31
0.17
0.12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.11
0.22
0.25
0.20
0.30
0.14
0.19
2
3
1
3
2
1
0
0.86
1.60
1.69
1.31
1.88
0.81
1.08
0.34
0.60
0.61
0.46
0.63
0.26
0.33
21.91
32.66
27.71
17.15
19.78
6.86
7.29
1.35
2.29
2.20
1.55
2.03
0.80
0.96
2
2
1
0
1
0
0
0.43
0.63
0.53
0.33
0.38
0.13
0.14
0.06
0.09
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.07
0.22
0.47
0.63
0.88
0.60
0.53
0.30
0.80
0.45
0.56
0.72
0.45
0.36
0.19
0.46
1.92
2.50
3.43
2.26
1.93
1.08
2.76
7.74
7.79
8.25
4.22
2.78
1.20
2.38
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.07
'
IIIN
20
33
30
17
20
8
10
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.36
0.44
0.58
0.36
0.30
0.16
0.39
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1.52
1.95
1.80
1.61
1.38
1.10
1.56
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1.38
1.62
1.38
1.13
0.89
0.65
0.84
4
5
4
3
2
1
0
2.83
3.17
2.57
2.02
1.52
1.06
1.31
53
Appendix Table 1 (i) continued
Social class
at Census
and vear
of b k h
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
___
Exp
~
I1
IIIN
Obs
Obs
Exp
Obs
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.13
0.11
0.05
0.17
0.07
0.00
0.00
IIIM
Exp
IV
V
Obs
Obs
--
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
1
3
1
0
0
1.60
1.59
0.79
3.1 1
1.52
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.15
0.08
0.37
0.21
0.00
1
0
0
0
1
0
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.23
0.14
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.19
0.53
0.24
0.24
0.19
0.19
0.00
4
10
4
5
3
2
0
3.23
8.81
3.97
3.94
3.11
3.08
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.27
0.70
0.31
0.30
0.23
0.22
0.00
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.21
0.63
0.31
0.33
0.28
0.30
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.27
0.22
0.41
0.24
0.12
0.06
0.06
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0.58
0.59
1.30
0.92
0.56
0.68
0.40
5
3
7
1
1
0
1
3.67
2.79
4.58
2.43
1.11
1.oo
0.44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.23
0.20
0.39
0.24
0.13
0.13
0.07
0
0
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.18
0.12
0.13
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.03
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0.49
0.42
0.56
0.24
0.50
0.68
0.38
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.21
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.09
18
15
13
5
9
9
3
20.11
13.77
14.36
4.96
8.05
8.59
3.77
0
1
1
0
1
0
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.16
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.04
0.00
0.03
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.25
0.27
0.36
0.61
0.24
0.00
0.41
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.44
0.28
0.22
0.22
0.05
0.00
0.03
2
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
1
0
0.04
0.20
0.07
2
0
0.06
0
0.87
0
0
0
0.07
0.02
0.00
2
0
0.94
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.08
0.03
0.12
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.32
0.17
0.20
0.18
0.21
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.20
0.33
0.18
0.08
0.07
0.03
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0
3
0
0
1
1
0.70
0.48
0.50
0.17
0.28
1
1.31
1.06
1.30
0.53
1.01
1.26
0.65
2.08
1.81
1.96
2.63
0.84
0.00
0.92
5
6
4
6
2
0
3
6.67
5.18
4.99
5.97
1.70
0.00
1.48
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0.41
0.34
0.35
0.45
0.14
0.00
0.14
0.64
2.86
1.06
0
2
1
0.79
3.23
1.10
2
9
1
1.44
5.31
1.61
1
0.83
2
1.09
0
0
0
0.82
0.27
0.00
1
1
0
0.97
0.28
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
IIIM
0
0.09
0.04
0
0
0.30
0.13
v
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.33
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.08
0.00
0
1
0
0.00
Appendix Table 1 (i) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
-
Obs
Exp
-
IIIN
Obs
Exp
-
IIIM
Obs
IV
Exp
-
Obs
V
Exp
-
Obs
Exp
-
All births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
8
22
7
10.29
23.60
8.61
4
6
0
1.65
3.09
0.94
0
1
2
1.71
1.93
0.55
1
3
2
0.89
2.51
0.53
0.46
0.80
0.38
0
0
0
0.00
0.07
0.00
20-34
37
42.49
10
5.68
3
4.19
6
3.93
1.64
0
0.07
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
1.50
4.81
1.59
27
63
28
26.50
59.08
26.14
3
4
0
3.80
5.68
2.02
4
3
4
3.20
5.64
2.05
1.88
1.65
1.19
0
1
0
0.12
0.14
0.00
20-34
7.91
118
111.73
7
11.50
11
10.89
4.71
1
0.26
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
4
1
2.13
3.35
1.37
9
9
4
7.80
8.80
5.02
26
27
18
26.06
27.50
16.02
3.64
2.33
1.38
2.28
1.99
1.15
0
0
0
0.09
0.02
0.00
20-34
7
6.85
22
21.63
71
69.58
7.35
5.41
0
0.11
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
1.58
1.42
0.64
7
12
3
9.31
9.23
3.26
3
1
0
3.78
3.23
0.79
168
138
72
156.59
133.36
73.61
9
4
4
18.57
11.18
7.11
8
6
8
5.18
2.58
2.57
20-34
3.64
22
21.81
4
7.80
378
363.56
17
36.86
22
10.33
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.91
0.79
0.58
7
3
2
4.10
4.20
2.14
4
3
2
3.26
3.18
1.23
25
24
8
26.58
15.88
10.23
45
30
26
44.03
34.36
25.99
4
4
6.12
2.58
1.84
9
10.54
20-34
2.28
12
10.44
9
7.67
57
52.70
101
104.38
1
V
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
0
0
0.11
0.07
0.11
1
3
0
0.56
1.42
0.97
3
0
0
1.01
0.20
0.47
12
12
6
12.63
10.93
6.70
6
1
4
9.22
7.90
7.04
12
19
16
10.48
14.49
10.71
20-34
0
0.28
4
2.94
3
1.68
30
30.26
11
24.16
47
35.68
55
Figure 1 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years resident in 1971
(i) Resident in Wales
Social Class I 1 a t Census
-
%
600
400-
-
0
.r
1
600
400
7
c,
F
T
200-
8
t
U
h
I
t
.r 7
n a
o v
E m
urn
Wn rO
L
.rv
t
l-
=,loo--
50 -
-
-
-
L
I
25-
m
U
c
a
2
105-
Social Class I I I N a t Census
Social Class IIIM a t Census
Social Class IV a t Census
Social Class V a t Census
-
600
400-
0
.r
-
U
2
200
200
-
-
-
-
?
i
100
1
l
-
-L
50 -
zz251
c
25-
U
r
u
.2
10
5
,
10-
,
,
I
,
,
5-
I1
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
I
C o b s e r v e d number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
ZExpected number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
56
-7
x 100
I
A
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 2 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child migrants in 1970-71
(a) Migrants between local authorities
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
~
~~~
Exp
IIIM
Obs
IV
Obs
Exp
~
Exp
~
V
Obs
Exp
_
_
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
6
17
18
18
10
17
10
7.05
15.50
15.39
15.20
10.19
15.94
10.33
1
0
1
1
0
3
2
0.66
1.72
2.02
2.37
1.88
3.49
2.68
1
4
2
3
3
3
2
1.04
2.38
2.46
2.53
1.77
2.88
1.94
0.99
1.80
1.48
1.21
0.67
0.87
0.47
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.25
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.49
0.83
0.58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.06
1.28
2.00
1.81
2.16
2.56
2.27
29
27
37
35
30
36
29
26.34
28.07
38.39
30.50
31.90
33.18
25.74
2
4
5
2
4
4
5
3.13
3.59
5.29
4.53
5.11
5.72
4.78
2.85
3.18
4.55
3.78
4.13
4.49
3.65
0
2
3
3
3
1
2
1.52
1.76
2.61
2.24
2.54
2.86
2.41
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0.09
0.11
0.16
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.15
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.75
1.32
2.21
2.45
2.40
2.84
2.71
2
7
12
13
10
9
9
3.32
5.57
8.80
9.22
8.54
9.57
8.61
26
27
33
33
20
23
14
22.37
29.78
37.39
31.12
22.94
20.37
14.56
1.90
2.99
4.45
4.38
3.82
4.01
3.39
0
0
5
1
2
3
2
1.49
2.18
3.01
2.76
2.24
2.19
1.72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.18
0.16
0.13
0.08
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.42
0.56
0.72
1.01
0.90
0.99
0.82
1
6
4
8
10
5
3
2.34
3.20
4.17
5.93
5.36
6.03
5.04
0
0
2
3
2
2
0
1.29
1.60
1.90
2.46
2.03
2.07
1.58
101
93
92
91
53
60
33
95.81
95.95
91.40
95.23
63.01
5 1.83
31.74
7
10
13
16
15
2
8
7.74
9.01
9.96
12.04
9.24
8.82
6.27
2.40
2.69
2.86
3.32
2.46
2.26
1.55
0.22
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.47
0.57
0.45
2
3
3
1
5
3
1
1.64
2.21
1.90
1.67
1.89
1.99
1.34
2
4
2
2
2
2
0
2.38
2.57
1.75
1.23
1.11
0.93
0.50
10
20
12
12
12
9
6
13.20
16.55
13.16
10.79
11.34
11.05
6.90
35
26
22
16
10
12
7
33.20
35.26
23.74
16.49
14.69
12.12
6.41
3.36
4.06
3.11
2.46
2.49
2.34
1.41
0.24
0.11
0.06
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0
2
1
1
0
0.44
0.32
0.29
0.35
0.10
0.11
0.12
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.65
0.51
0.49
0.63
0.19
0.23
0.27
8
4
3
11
1
2
7
7.82
6.19
5.96
7.87
2.38
2.93
3.52
6.09
4.73
4.46
5.76
1.71
2.06
2.42
10.75
7.14
5.75
6.35
1.61
1.66
1.67
HIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
.
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
57
Appendix Table 2 (a) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I1
I
Obs
~
Exp
Obs
_
Exp
_
IIIN
Obs
IIIM
Exp
_
~
Obs
V
IV
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
0
0.11
0.16
0.1 1
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
28
43
39
25
22
23
17
27.47
45.49
37.79
25.13
20.91
19.64
16.33
3
4
4
5
1
3
4
2.15
4.18
4.08
3.19
3.13
3.45
3.37
0
4
3
0
3
0
1
1.77
3.17
2.86
2.06
1.86
1.89
1.70
7
3
2
2
2
2
2.53
4.41
3.85
2.69
2.35
2.32
2.03
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
4
3
2
2
6
4
2
2.73
3.77
3.38
3.82
4.09
3.02
2.29
48
60
49
46
46
29
20
45.67
56.19
44.82
45.10
43.05
28.32
19.10
5
4
3
4
4
4
1
4.47
5.46
4.32
4.31
4.09
2.67
1.79
0
3
3
6
1
1
1
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
2
4
0
2
1
1
1.87
3.79
3.55
3.94
3.24
2.93
1.89
5
6
9
20
9
11
10
3.60
8.08
8.34
10.32
9.28
9.23
6.57
25
51
34
25
23
16
7
26.97
44.44
33.74
30.71
20.27
14.83
7.76
1
1
3
2
2
2
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.35
0.53
0.50
0.80
0.54
0.60
0.52
2
7
6
6
4
2
2
2.64
3.74
3.44
5.23
3.39
3.53
2.92
1
2
1
1
3
1.03
1.41
1.24
1.82
1.13
1.13
1
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.15
0.20
0.26
0.32
0.29
0.31
0.47
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1.28
1.46
1.64
1.80
1.40
1.31
1.71
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.22
0.21
0.27
0.29
0.18
0.20
0.37
2
1
0
0
0.98
1.59
1.30
0.85
0.70
0.65
0.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.04
0.03
3.64
4.80
4.11
4.43
4.53
3.19
2.31
1
2
1
1
0
0
2
1.39
1.65
1.27
1.23
1.13
0.72
0.47
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.11
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.07
0.05
1
0.78
1.86
2.04
2.68
2.56
2.70
2.04
2
1
0
3
1
1
0
1.59
2.83
2.33
2.31
1.65
1.31
0.74
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
67.49
76.49
56.25
68.62
35.60
29.71
19.68
6
7
4
7
5
0
2
4.17
5.36
4.48
6.20
3.65
3.46
2.60
0
1
3
1
0.90
67
73
50
67
31
33
20
0
0
1.31
1.49
1.09
1.33
0.68
0.57
0.38
3
2
0
4
1
2
0
1.24
1.30
1.34
1.34
0.96
0.82
0.98
2
6
4
8
6
4
7
5.24
5.84
6.36
6.79
5.15
4.67
5.92
24
16
18
9
4
6
4
21.12
18.18
15.33
12.65
7.41
5.20
5.10
0
3
2
2
1
0
1
0.97
1.03
1.07
1.09
0.79
0.69
0.83
0
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.13
2
1
1
3
1
0
2
1.78
1.67
2.10
2.26
1.38
1.47
2.73
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1.61
1.39
1.61
1.59
0.89
0.87
1.48
2
2
4
3
1
2
2
3.31
2.72
3.00
2.83
1.52
1.41
2.29
1
3
1
1
0.07
IIIM
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
58
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Appendix Table 2 (a) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
ExP
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
0.86
0.85
0.59
0.28
0.22
0.14
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
17
18
13
9
7
6
1
15.96
17.49
13.40
6.99
6.09
4.45
2.86
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
1
0
0
0
2
1.31
1.63
1.41
0.84
0.83
0.69
0.50
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.56
0.78
0.77
0.52
0.58
0.54
0.45
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1.32
1.25
0.83
0.37
0.28
0.18
0.10
1.68
1.93
1.36
1.16
0.53
0.53
0.82
30
31
23
19
7
8
10
28.24
32.05
22.25
18.89
8.57
8.46
12.81
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2.32
2.56
1.73
1.43
0.63
0.61
0.90
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
1.88
2.29
1.71
1.57
0.77
0.82
1.34
1
3
1
1
0
2
0.88
1.17
0.95
0.95
0.51
0.59
1.05
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.74
0.95
0.87
0.89
0.54
0.21
0.29
0
3
2
5
2
3
2
1.62
2.50
2.78
3.45
2.53
2.37
2.00
10
12
12
8
7
3
3
10.28
11.85
9.82
9.10
4.99
3.48
2.20
0
0
1
0
1
0
0.63
0.85
0.83
0.89
0.57
0.47
0.34
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.72
0.84
0.71
0.66
0.37
0.26
0.17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
I974
1975
1976
1977
0.28
0.28
0.18
0.16
0.11
0.11
0.06
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.76
0.98
0.79
0.89
0.80
1.05
0.68
0.33
0.34
0.22
0.20
0.14
0.15
0.08
32
33
18
17
11
14
6
31.47
31.85
20.28
18.19
12.89
13.28
6.78
3
2
4
2
1
1
1
2.05
2.44
1.83
1.93
1.61
1.95
1.17
0
2
1
0
3
1
2
1.10
1.11
0.71
0.64
0.45
0.47
0.24
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.28
0.33
0.19
0.14
0.04
0.09
0.09
1
3
0
1
0
1
3
0.44
0.74
0.63
0.67
0.24
0.85
1.24
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.78
0.77
0.39
0.24
0.05
0.10
0.09
1
2
4
5
0
5
1
3.74
4.98
3.43
2.89
0.84
2.35
2.75
15
13
7
5
2
2
4
12.00
14.25
8.74
6.57
1.70
4.25
4.43
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.74
0.94
0.62
0.50
0.14
0.37
0.41
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.22
0.11
0.10
0.00
0.25
0.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.13
0.06
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.08
0
1.07
1.91
0.79
0.58
0.00
1.01
1.06
1
4
0
1
0
0
1
1.31
2.16
0.82
0.55
0.00
0.81
0.79
4
1
2
0
0
2
2
2.41
3.54
1.21
0.73
0.00
0.85
0.74
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.00
59
Appendix Table 2 (a) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
All births 1971-77
Obs
-
IIIN
Exp
-
Obs
_
IIIM
Exp
_
Obs
_
V
IV
Exp
-
Obs
~
Exp
~
Obs
Exp
~
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
96
197
71
89.60
192.77
67.25
8
24
6
14.82
23.55
7.21
18
11
4
15.00
15.32
4.19
7
19
4
7.50
20.19
4.33
2
8
1
4.07
6.60
3.02
0
0
0
0.00
0.57
0.00
20-34
364
349.62
38
45.58
33
34.51
30
32.01
11
13.70
0
0.57
20-24
25-29
30-34
!,7
23
11
13.15
23.10
8.02
223
298
128
214.11
282.24
131.27
26
25
12
32.16
27.10
10.17
21
15
6
26.62
27.01
10.37
14
7
9
15.95
7.87
6.10
2
0
0
1.01
0.68
0.00
20-34
51
44.27
649
627.63
63
69.43
42
64.01
30
29.91
2
1.69
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
17
12
4
14.69
21.20
4.49
62
70
17
53.62
55.42
17.26
176
181
55
178.54
178.72
51.73
20
12
3
24.94
14.66
4.59
13
8
3
15.59
12.76
3.72
0
0
0
0.61
0.19
0.00
20-34
33
40.37
149
126.30
412
408.99
35
44.20
24
32.07
0
0.81
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
5
11
0
5.42
3.84
1.18
37
29
6
32.07
24.89
5.94
9
10
1
12.93
8.67
1.45
523
341
131
524.98
353.84
134.73
71
31
14
63.07
29.91
12.99
11
6
9
17.54
6.84
4.71
20-34
16
10.43
72
62.90
20
23.05
995
1013.55
116
105.97
26
29.09
20-24
25-29
30-34
5
3
6
2.75
2.01
1.16
18
10
9
12.64
10.60
4.81
14
12
2
10.47
7.97
2.41
81
37
18
82.97
39.97
20.98
128
81
48
141.92
84.99
51.93
24
9
2
19.23
6.47
3.72
20-34
14
5.91
37
28.05
28
20.85
136
143.92
257
278.84
35
29.42
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.46
0.08
0.10
4
2
1
1.72
1.75
1.11
2.97
0.28
0.45
36
10
4
36.67
13.39
6.42
24
13
7
27.23
9.43
6.44
38
16
11
34.94
17.08
9.48
20-34
0.64
7
4.58
3.71
50
56.48
44
43.10
65
6 1.49
I1
IV
V
60
~
~
Figure 2 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years who had moved in 1970-71
(a) Between local authorities
Social Class I a t Census
Social Class I 1 a t Census
6007
6007
400
-
0
.C
c,
*2
.OO1
200
200-
I
,2
T
100
-+
-
T
*
'
T
I
7
-
L
7
T
50 -
A
-
10
5'
Social Class IIIN a t Census
Social Class IIIM a t Census
-,
I:;
+& 4001
600
.r
+
I
200
m
m
,"
10
10
Social Class IV a t Census
Social Class V a t Census
600,
6007
400
-
200 -
.
T
100 -
T
-
L
50
h
-
*
T
-
2510-
5-1
I
I
I
I
I
5-
I
I
I
I1
I I I N IIIM IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
=
XExpected number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
I
I
I
I
I
I
I1
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
7-
x
100
*
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
.L
61
Appendix Table 2 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child: migrants in 1970-71
(b) Migrants within local authorities
Social class
at Census
and vear
of b(rth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
HIM
IV
V
~~
Exp
Obs
_
_
_
Obs
~
_
EXP
Obs
_
_
Obs
Exp
~
Exp
Obs
_
___ _ _
Exp
Obs
~
Exp
_
_
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
8
7
9
7
5
3
1.41
9.86
7.00
8.29
6.11
6.64
4.52
0
2
1
2
1
2
4
0.13
1.09
0.92
1.29
1.13
1.45
1.17
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
0.21
1.52
1.12
1.38
1.06
1.20
0.85
0
2
1
0
1
1
0
0.20
1.15
0.67
0.66
0.40
0.36
0.20
0
0
0
25
23
19
28
11
14
17
21.07
21.42
22.45
28.37
13.87
14.90
13.86
1
3
6
5
3
0
2
2
2
6
2
2
1
2.51
2.74
3.10
4.22
2.22
2.57
2.57
1
2.28
2.42
2.66
3.51
1.80
2.02
1.97
0
0
1
1
4
1
0.85
0.98
1.17
1.69
0.94
1.15
1.22
0
0
0
2
1
4
2
0.42
0.98
1.19
1.86
1.80
1.75
2.01
3
2
5
3
4
4
4
1.88
4.11
4.72
7.01
6.40
5.89
6.39
13
25
20
26
21
12
11
12.67
21.98
20.03
23.65
17.21
12.54
10.81
0
2
1
3
3
2
6
0
0
4
0.53
0.96
1.00
1.02
1.26
1.10
1.20
2
4
9
5
10
4
5
2.96
5.43
5.79
6.03
7.56
6.70
7.40
3
2
6
4
3
4
2
1.63
2.73
2.63
2.50
2.85
2.30
2.32
0.24
0.36
0.59
0.68
0.63
0.48
0.69
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1.82
2.32
3.23
3.24
2.55
1.64
2.04
1
2
4
7
0
0
0
0.29
0.19
0.12
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.00
0
0.53
0
0.58
1
0
0
0
0
0.60
0.41
0.40
0.30
0.15
1
2
2
1
2
1
0
1
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
V
1971
0
1972
1
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
62
1
0.05
0.38
0.29
0.37
0.30
0.35
0.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.08
1
1.22
1.34
1.53
2.09
1.11
1.28
1.30
0.13
0.07
0.08
0.08
1.08
2.21
2.38
3.33
2.87
2.47
2.52
1
2
3
4
1
2
0
0.84
1.61
1.61
2.10
1.68
1.35
1.28
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.12
0.07
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
120
162
109
94
84
58
54
121.07
163.03
126.80
96.82
88.83
57.59
46.60
11
17
20
8
15
10
7
9.79
15.30
13.81
12.24
13.02
9.80
9.20
3
7
6
10
3
2
0
3.03
4.57
3.97
3.38
3.46
2.51
2.27
2.65
2.69
2.98
2.39
1.49
0.77
0.76
15
19
31
18
16
9
13
14.66
17.36
22.42
20.92
15.24
9.14
10.55
38
39
34
37
22
14
9
36.89
37.00
40.47
31.99
19.74
10.03
9.80
4
2
3
1
3
0
2
3.73
4.26
5.30
4.77
3.35
1.94
2.16
0.78
0.91
1.03
0.75
0.79
0.62
0.34
10
9
14
16
8
9
3
9.32
11.08
12.63
9.37
9.93
7.96
4.40
6
11
10
5
9
5
5
7.26
8.46
9.44
6.86
7.13
5.59
3.02
14
11
9
3
6
4
1
12.82
12.77
12.18
7.56
6.72
4.51
2.09
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
0
3
2
0.10
_
Appendix Table 2 (b) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
ExP
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
V
IV
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
----
---___pppp
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
8
15
11
8
10
10
4
7.85
13.11
12.09
8.87
9.38
9.12
4.76
0
0
1
2
0
1
2
0.61
1.20
1.31
1.13
1.40
1.60
0.98
0
1
0
2
0
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
1.08
1.78
1.69
1.49
1.01
1.43
1.15
19
28
25
19
10
18
12
2
1
0
0
0
1
0.85
1.49
1.35
1.10
0.70
0.85
0.60
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0.03
0
0.05
1
0
0
0
0
0.28
0.46
0.42
0.30
0.31
0.30
0.15
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
1.44
2.27
2.05
1.73
1.11
1.51
1.15
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.55
0.78
0.64
0.48
0.28
0.34
0.24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
0.36
0.73
0.78
0.75
0.55
0.78
0.65
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.72
1.11
0.89
0.65
0.36
0.38
0.23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.06
1.74
1.65
1.54
1.54
1.16
1.37
67
97
70
60
53
33
31
69.24
94.53
74.72
58.00
48.26
30.47
29.89
6
9
9
4
5
4
2
4.27
6.62
5.95
5.24
4.95
3.55
3.95
2
2
3
1
1.34
1.84
1.44
1.12
0.93
0.58
0.57
1
2
1
1.65
1.76
1.18
1.45
0.90
0.88
1.17
11
13
6
11
4
2
7
6.99
7.92
5.63
7.36
4.82
5.03
7.10
27
19
14
10
8
6
9
28.16
24.68
13.56
13.70
6.95
5.60
6.12
1
3
0
0
0
1
1
1.30
1.40
0.95
1.18
0.74
0.74
0.99
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.13
2
4
2
7
3.81
5.56
2.70
3.23
1.04
0.74
2.73
3
8
3
2
1
0
1
3.45
4.63
2.07
2.27
0.67
0.43
1.48
9
8
4
1
1
2
1
7.08
9.07
3.86
4.04
1.14
0.71
2.29
1
0.51
0.91
0.92
0.73
0.83
0.88
0.50
18.11
26.53
22.41
17.58
10.57
13.42
9.55
1
1
0
2
2
0
0
1
4
2
2
2
2
0
1.65
3.18
3.17
2.89
2.01
2.68
2.07
0.36
0.65
0.67
0.67
0.74
0.61
0.78
2
2
7
4
1
2
4
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0.20
0.27
0.23
0.35
0.27
0.34
0.57
0
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0
3
2
0
0.72
1.27
1.23
0.95
1.06
1.08
0.59
1.77
2.58
2.16
1.68
1.00
1.27
0.89
2
4
2
1
2
0
1
11
17
16
10
4
7
3
12.33
17.49
12.82
8.60
4.38
4.31
2.45
2.71
4.62
4.57
4.42
4.59
3.62
4.43
2
0
0
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
0
3
0
1.70
1.98
1.45
1.95
1.32
1.41
2.05
0
1
1
0.47
0.70
0.35
0.42
0.14
0.10
0.37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
63
Appendix Table 2 (b) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
-
Exp
-
-
I1
Obs
-
Exp
-
_
IIIN
Obs
_
IIIM
Obs
Exp
_
_
-
IV
Obs
Exp
~
~
V
Exp
~
Obs
~
~
Exp
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
4
6
1
3
5
2
2.39
3.18
5.52
2.33
2.28
3.71
2.86
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.14
0.34
0.39
0.39
0.15
0.19
0.05
3
6
6
5
2
3
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
2
1
0
0
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0.20
0.30
0.58
0.28
0.31
0.57
0.50
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0.08
0.14
0.32
0.17
0.22
0.45
0.45
0
0
0
I
0
0
0
0.20
0.23
0.34
0.12
0.11
0.15
0.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.15
0.24
0.09
0.08
0.12
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.20
0.45
0.49
0.48
0.17
0.22
0.05
0
0
1
2
0.16
0.40
0.49
0.52
0.21
0.30
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.20
0.27
0.32
0.14
0.21
0.06
0
0
0
0
1
2.42
5.61
6.36
6.30
2.34
3.08
0.75
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.28
0.41
0.42
0.12
0.06
0.17
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
1.04
0.74
1.30
1.61
0.56
0.68
1.20
6
3
5
3
1
2
3
6.61
3.49
4.58
4.25
1.11
1.oo
1.32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.41
0.25
0.39
0.42
0.13
0.14
0.21
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0.46
0.25
0.33
0.31
0.08
0.07
0.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.33
0.36
0.22
0.25
0.12
0.15
0.09
2
1
1
1
0
2
2
0.89
1.24
0.98
1.42
0.90
1.35
1.05
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.39
0.43
0.27
0.31
0.16
0.19
0.12
31
40
23
29
15
16
8
36.72
40.45
25.35
28.93
14.50
17.18
10.55
6
3
5
5
1
3
3
2.39
3.10
2.29
3.07
1.81
2.52
1.82
2
2
1
0
1
1
1
1.28
1.41
0.88
1.01
0.51
0.60
0.37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.39
0.31
0.24
0.15
0.17
0.05
0.09
0
0
1
2
0
1
1
0.61
0.70
0.77
0.73
1.13
0.53
1.10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.09
0.73
0.47
0.26
0.24
0.06
0.08
5
5
6
2
1
3
5.20
4.76
4.16
3.15
3.91
1.47
2.44
20
16
10
7
12
3
3
16.67
13.60
10.61
7.16
7.92
2.65
3.94
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1.03
0.90
0.75
0.54
0.64
0.23
0.36
0
0.08
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1
0
0
1
1
2
0.18
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.26
0.51
0.33
0
0.13
0.18
0.15
0.10
0.09
0.14
0.08
2
3
4
2
1
2
1
1.92
2.62
2.11
1.45
1.25
2.01
1.06
2
4
3
2
1
3
0
2.36
2.96
2.19
1.38
1.10
1.62
0.79
5
3
1
1
4.33
4.87
3.22
1.82
1.29
1.71
0.74
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
64
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Appendix Table 2 (b) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I1
Exp
Obs
All births 1971-77
I
Obs
-
Exp
_
IIIN
Obs
_
Exp
_
IIIM
Obs
_
Exp
_
IV
Obs
_
Exp
~
V
Obs
~
Exp
~
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
40
66
22
43.83
65.18
22.28
12
6
2
7.19
8.24
2.74
6
4
4
7.33
5.27
1.83
5
11
1
3.65
6.90
1.24
1.99
2.23
0.90
0
0
0
0.00
0.19
0.00
20-34
128
131.29
20
18.17
14
14.44
17
11.79
5.12
0
0.19
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
7
3
1
8.00
9.62
1.64
137
131
26
135.94
118.17
26.85
19
6
2
19.92
11.35
2.06
17
12
4
16.65
11.27
2.16
11
2
1
9.86
3.30
1.28
0
0
0
0.62
0.29
0.00
20-34
11
19.26
294
280.96
27
33.34
33
30.08
14
14.44
0
0.91
20-24
25-29
30-34
9
5
4
10.01
6.94
1.93
25
13
4
36.39
17.64
7.13
128
68
23
118.89
62.37
22.35
17
8
0
16.85
4.60
1.93
13
2
4
10.47
4.34
1.61
1
0
0
0.40
0.09
0.00
20-34
18
18.88
42
61.16
219
203.61
25
23.37
19
16.41
1
0.48
10
0
1
7.08
4.49
1.52
39
22
9
41.87
28.96
7.84
24
9
2
16.96
10.05
1.87
68 1
41 1
162
700.74
405.12
173.68
88
39
26
83.17
34.53
17.01
31
10
8
23.20
7.83
6.07
11
13.09
70
78.68
35
28.89
1254
1279.54
153
134.71
49
37.10
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
3.66
2.22
1.39
11
11
5
16.86
11.86
5.57
14
6
0
13.73
9.00
2.93
121
54
25
110.30
44.85
25.09
193
93
71
185.92
98.76
62.56
15
6
1
25.51
7.30
4.46
20-34
7.28
27
34.30
20
25.66
200
180.25
357
347.24
22
37.27
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.69
0.17
0.18
1
1
5
2.97
2.55
2.12
10
1
0
5.23
0.30
0.88
69
20
15
64.69
19.80
12.44
51
18
15
47.77
15.00
12.41
48
26
11
58.66
28.19
17.98
20-34
1.04
7
7.64
11
6.41
104
96.92
84
75.17
85
104.82
~
IIIN
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
20-34
V
65
~
Figure 2 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years who had moved in 1970-71
(b) Within local authorities
Social Class I 1 a t Census
600 -I
GO0 T
400-
400
0
-
.r
c,
2
T
T
t
I
I
200T
-
c
h
,
.r h
(U
.r 7
n m
o u
E m
-
u
a J
r 0n
-
100
50
w
-
A'
-
I
I
I
-
200-
r
I
&
7
I
m
I
=:
,
10-
-
+
"
-
r
T
*
25-
I
m
3
I*
I
U
S
t
?
50-
7
25-
T
I
I
m.r
T
100
10 -
I
I
5-
5-
I
-c
Social Class IIIN a t Census
c0
Social Class IIIM a t Census
600
600
400
400
.r
c,
m
--
T
T
t
3
.r
T
-aJ
I
0
T
.r
n m
L
o v
I
E m
urn
a J- 0
m
I
r
U
25
25
10
10
m
U
5
c
m
,
ul
5-1
Social Class IV a t Census
+c
0
Social Class V a t Census
GO0
600
400
400
.r
4
T
c,
--
T
Q)
100
n m
o u
50
T
5
A
50
L
2.
a JI 70
V
.rv
j
-r
.r 7
urn
*
j
2,
c,
.r
A
251,
25
m
u
S
m
10
5
I
I
I
I1
I
I
IIIN IIIM
I
IV
1
V
66
I
I
,
I
I1
IIIN IIIM IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised m o b i l i t y r a t i o =
XExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
,
,
7
x
100
'
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 3 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child men born in the
New Commonwealth and Pakistan
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Ohs
IIIM
IIIN
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
V
Ohs
Exp
Obs
Exp
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0.00
1.41
0.70
0.00
0.68
0.66
0.00
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.16
0.09
0.00
0.13
0.15
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.22
0.11
0.00
0.12
0.12
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.16
0.07
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.05
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.10
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.12
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0.75
2.22
1.45
0.71
0.69
0.68
1.32
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.09
0.28
0.20
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.25
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.08
0.25
0.17
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.01
0.01
1
0.04
0.14
0.10
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0
0.10
0.13
0.24
0.05
0.18
0.07
0.00
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
0.44
0.53
0.94
0.18
0.64
0.25
0.00
3
1
5
1
1
0
0
2.98
2.84
4.01
0.62
1.72
0.52
0.00
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.29
0.48
0.09
0.29
0.10
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.20
0.21
0.32
0.06
0.17
0.06
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.14
0.22
0.16
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
0.19
0.57
0.64
0.84
0.84
1.34
0.97
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.11
0.28
0.29
0.35
0.32
0.46
0.30
7
18
12
11
7
10
7.84
16.98
14.00
13.49
9.87
11.52
6.08
0
1
4
3
3
2
1
1
0
3
1
2
5
0.63
1.59
1.52
1.71
1.45
1.96
1.20
0
0.20
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.38
0.50
0.30
0
1
0
0
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.25
0.20
0.27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.49
0.58
0.60
0.71
1.01
0.69
0.79
1
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
2
4
0
0.71
0.67
0.56
0.52
0.59
0.32
0.29
2
3
3.91
4.34
4.19
4.58
6.02
3.81
4.06
12
14
12
9
9
7
3
9.84
9.25
7.55
7.00
7.80
4.18
3.77
0
0
0
0
2
1
4
1.oo
1.07
0.99
1.04
1.32
0.81
0.83
0.
0
0.05
0.02
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.11
1
2
1.50
1.30
2
1
1.17
1.00
2
1
2.07
1.50
0
0.01
0
0
0.06
0
0.70
2
0.52
0
0.68
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.07
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1.12
0.79
2.10
0.00
1
0.00
0.09
0.06
0.16
0.00
0.82
0.57
1.47
0.00
2
1
2
0
0.91
0.54
1.19
0.00
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
1
2
0
67
Appendix Table 3 continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I1
Exp
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
9.42
6.17
6.05
4.44
2.16
5.61
0.00
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0.74
0.57
0.65
0.56
0.32
0.99
0.00
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0.61
0.43
0.46
0.36
0.19
0.54
0.00
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0.87
0.60
0.62
0.47
0.24
0.66
0.00
0.33
0.22
0.21
0.15
0.07
0.18
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.47
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.43
0.16
0.18
9
9
4
4
5
1
0
7.87
8.58
6.18
4.59
4.53
1.49
1.47
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.77
0.83
0.60
0.44
0.43
0.14
0.14
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.63
0.73
0.57
0.45
0.48
0.17
0.18
0.24
0.25
0.18
0.13
0.12
0.04
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.37
0.36
0.39
0.26
0.47
0.60
1
1
1
2
1
2
0
0.51
0.79
0.83
1.03
0.75
1.49
2.07
4
4
3
2
2
3
5
3.85
4.37
3.37
3.07
1.64
2.39
2.45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.11
0.18
0.20
0.27
0.21
0.44
0.65
0.23
0.28
0.23
0.23
0.13
0.21
0.23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.20
0.20
0.17
0.25
0.24
0.32
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
0.79
1.43
1.39
1.12
1.58
1.45
1.84
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0.31
0.54
0.50
0.39
0.53
0.47
0.57
22
28
19
11
12
10
11
20.16
29.22
22.67
14.70
16.61
12.19
12.39
1.24
2.05
1.80
1.33
1.70
1.42
1.64
0
2
1
1
1
0
1
0.39
0.57
0.44
0.28
0.32
0.23
0.24
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.12
0.21
0.25
0.27
0.27
0.22
0.38
0.98
1.51
1.58
1.50
1.32
0.91
1.37
0
3
0
0
0
2
1
0.95
1.35
1.29
1.12
0.90
0.57
0.78
3
5
7
3
4
3
3
4.02
6.04
6.12
5.66
4.82
3.23
4.73
18
18
15
14
6
1
5
16.19
18.83
14.74
10.54
6.95
3.60
4.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.39
0.19
0.21
0.05
0.20
0.16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.06
1
4
2
4
0
2
1
1.52
3.06
1.50
1.61
0.35
1.47
1.17
2
4
2
0
0
1
2
1.38
2.55
1.15
1.13
0.22
0.87
0.63
0
0.75
1.07
1.03
0.91
0.74
0.47
0.66
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
68
3
3
1
1
1
1
0
2.83
4.99
2.14
2.02
0.38
1.41
0.98
Appendix Table 3 continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
_
Exp
_
I1
Obs
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Obs
Exp
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
~
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
9
8
3
4
5
3
0
8.78
6.36
3.15
3.89
3.81
2.22
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.43
0.29
.0.34
0.48
0.24
0.15
0.14
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.72
0.59
0.33
0.47
0.52
0.34
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.28
0.18
0.29
0.36
0.27
0.00
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.73
0.45
0.19
0.21
0.18
0.09
0.00
0.47
0.31
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.07
0.00
1
1
3
1
7.26
4.81
5.56
7.87
3.89
2.31
2.26
0
0
0
0
1
0.60
0.38
0.43
0.59
0.29
0.17
0.16
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.48
0.34
0.43
0.65
0.35
0.22
0.24
0.23
0.18
0.24
0.40
0.23
0.16
0.19
0.74
0.50
0.58
0.59
0.36
0.18
0.12
0
0
2
1
0
3
0
1.62
1.32
1.85
2.3C
1.69
2.03
0.80
11
8
6
8
5
2
2
10.28
6.28
6.55
6.07
3.32
2.99
0.88
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0.63
0.45
0.55
0.60
0.38
0.40
0.14
0.72
0.45
0.47
0.44
0.24
0.22
0.07
1
0
0
0
3
1
0
0.68
1.08
0.98
1.46
1.05
0.86
1.43
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.29
0.38
0.27
0.32
0.18
0.12
0.16
28
35
24
30
11
7
12
27.97
35.29
25.35
29.76
16.91
10.94
14.32
1.82
2.71
2.29
3.16
2.11
1.61
2.47
0.98
1.23
0.88
1.04
0.59
0.38
0.50
0
1
1
2
0
6
3
0.86
1.24
1.04
1.21
1.61
3.18
2.20
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1.53
1.29
0.63
0.43
0.34
0.39
0.16
6
5
5
8
4
3
7.28
8.38
5.63
5.25
5.58
8.81
4.88
26
27
16
9
15
17
9
23.34
23.96
14.36
11.94
11.32
15.92
7.87
1.45
1.59
1.02
0.90
0.91
1.38
0.73
0
3
0
0
2
1
1
0. I6
0.38
0.41
0.15
0.39
0.59
0.66
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.12
0.23
0.20
0.06
0.13
0.17
0.15
2
4
3
1
0
3
4
1.71
3.34
2.91
0.87
1.88
2.35
2.13
1
2
3
1
1
1
0
2.10
3.77
3.02
0.83
1.65
1.89
1.58
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0.25
0.31
0.22
0.26
0.14
0.09
0.12
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0.55
2
0
0
1
0
1
0.55
0.32
0.26
0.24
0.32
0.16
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.01
1
0
1
1
1
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
3
6
7
5
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5
4
5
1
3
1
1
3.85
6.20
4.43
1.09
1.94
1.99
1.48
69
Appendix Table 3 continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I1
I
Obs
~
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
~
Obs
IV
IIIM
Exp
~
Obs
Exp
Obs
V
~
Exp
Obs
Exp
_
AI1 births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
3
34
32
3.45
33.84
28.21
2
3
1
0.52
3.83
2.97
0
2
0
0.57
2.59
1.69
0
4
20-34
69
65.50
6
7.32
2
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.47
2.67
2.08
5
32
33
7.82
34.72
33.96
20-34
5.21
70
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.76
2.72
3.07
20-34
0
2
0
0.15
1.17
1.28
0.00
3
0.31
3.46
1.85
4.85
7
5.62
2
2.60
0.11
2
2
3
1.15
3.35
2.62
3
0.96
3.20
2.72
1
1
4
0.57
0.99
1.61
0.04
3
2
76.50
7
7.11
8
6.88
6
3.17
0.12
4
8
6
2.99
7.49
11.62
11
23
42
12.69
21.15
36.36
3
0
3
1.49
2.05
3.15
0
1
4
1.01
1.55
2.61
0
0
0
0.06
0.03
0.00
6.55
18
22.10
76
70.21
6
6.70
5
5.17
0
0.09
0.11
0.00
0.08
0.00
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
2
3
0.91
1.50
1.40
6
10
5
5.38
9.59
7.55
2.11
3.30
1.73
66
113
147
79.78
127.95
160.53
18
22
28
10.07
11.18
16.17
8
6
9
2.76
2.47
5.61
20-34
5
3.81
21
22.52
7.14
326
368.26
68
37.42
23
10.85
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
2
5
1.12
1.71
2.39
0
9
13
4.86
9.16
11.35
2
6
4
3.66
6.94
4.76
21
28
36
30.90
34.64
45.83
66
77
I19
49.39
74.93
108.71
7
11
4
7.05
5.63
7.97
20-34
8
5.22
22
25.36
12
15.36
85
111.37
262
233.03
22
20.66
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
0
1
0.09
0.07
0.19
0.35
1.38
2.74
0.61
0.18
1.07
4
14
17
7.52
10.68
15.18
9
11
9
5.56
7.93
14.83
8
10
20
6.88
14.76
20.98
20-34
1
0.35
4.46
1.85
35
33.38
29
28.32
38
42.62
V
70
Figure 3 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years who were born in the N e w
Commonwealth and Pakistan
c0
600 -
GO0 7
400 -
400 -
-
.r
I-’
m
200-
-
- 100 I
h
CJ
.r
- W
.r 7
n m
o u
E m
urn
-
T
200-
t
t
100
t
.r
U
50 -
c
A
*
T
b
L
251
L
U
a
S
c,
m
10-
v,
-
50 -
1
.
25 -
j
1 I
a 0
VI-
I
T
L
L
10
5-
5
S o c i a l Class
I I I N a t Census
S o c i a l Class IIIM a t Census
GO0
GO0
4
400
0
.r
-r
-
c,
t
200
-1
-r
T
?
.!
-
h
=,
c,
.r c
100
n m
o u
E m
50
2l
L
urn
W O
m
7
.rv
I
-
L
A
25
m
-0
c
m
=:
10
GO0
S o c i a l Class V a t Census
-
.r
GO0
4ooj
l
-
I-’
E
200-
3
c,
7
m
:
o u
E m
u
WrO
n
m 7
.rv
*:
;
=,loo
.rn
5
400-
0
A
10
5-1
c
L
L
50-
T
T
-7
t
t
o
A.
+
A
-
200
*
*
100
T
I
50
I
-
-
25-
25-
10-
10-
5-
5-
T
L
t
L
m
U
S
I-’
m
m
I
1
I
I1
I
I
1
t
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
S o c i a l Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised m o b i l i t y r a t i o =
Z E x p e c t e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
-r
x
100
’
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
-L
71
Appendix Table 4
Observed a n d expected social class mobility f o r all married m e n by age a n d year of b i r t h of child; by housing tenure
(a) Owner occupiers
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I1
I
IIIN
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
~
~
_
_
Obs
_
IIIM
Exp
_
Obs
_
V
IV
Exp
_
Obs
_
Exp
~
Obs
~
Exp
~
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
19
23
22
19
17
16
10
2.18
3.20
2.09
1.43
1.21
0.83
0.55
0
3
0
0
2
1
1
0.56
1.06
0.90
0.81
0.89
0.79
0.69
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
4
10
7
6
7
4
6
5.29
7.11
7.81
7.46
6.29
5.59
5.05
2
5
5
3
2
1
2.83
3.94
4.48
4.44
3.87
3.56
3.33
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.18
0.25
0.28
0.28
0.24
0.23
0.21
36.53
56.01
64.77
45.44
45.31
32.91
19.73
2
10
8
8
5
6
3
3.11
5.63
7.70
6.39
7.54
6.48
4.59
2
1
5
0
3
2
2
2.43
4.10
5.22
4.03
4.42
3.53
2.33
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.29
0.30
0.23
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.01
4.69
8.43
9.89
11.81
11.82
12.22
11.91
2.57
4.23
4.50
4.90
4.47
4.20
3.73
205
260
217
191
130
114
79
191.62
253.03
216.55
189.67
138.93
105.11
74.97
7
15
21
22
21
9
14
15.49
23.75
23.59
23.97
20.37
17.88
14.81
2
6
2
7
4
5
3
4.80
7.09
6.79
6.62
5.42
4.58
3.65
3.40
3.87
2.79
2.42
2.12
1.31
0.88
18
24
17
21
20
10
12
18.82
24.96
20.93
21.25
21.62
15.62
12.17
52
56
40
32
31
26
11
47.34
53.19
37.77
32.49
28.01
17.14
11.31
2
2
4
3
2
1
5
4.79
6.13
4.95
4.84
4.75
3.31
2.49
0.35
0.46
0.37
0.72
0.35
0.43
0.31
4
4
.2
13
3
4
2
4.21
5.54
4.56
8.99
4.37
5.45
3.96
2
6
4
5
5
6
4
3.28
4.23
3.41
6.58
3.13
3.83
2.72
8
6
6
5
3
3
2
5.79
6.39
4.40
7.26
2.96
3.09
1.88
15.52
27.47
21.69
17.97
18.34
15.27
12.27
1
4
2
2
2
1
5
1.45
3.05
2.85
2.80
3.39
3.34
3.18
2.29
4.22
3.47
2.99
3.18
2.76
2.31
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.96
2.87
3.44
3.59
3.29
3.19
3.14
53
58
65
63
46
43
38
48.92
62.79
65.91
60.28
48.54
41.30
35.65
5.82
8.04
9.09
8.96
7.77
7.12
6.62
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.22
2.49
3.83
3.58
4.75
4.59
3.67
4
10
14
17
19
16
12
5.42
10.48
15.25
13.46
16.86
15.45
11.66
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.84
1.49
1.71
2.01
1.98
2.01
1.93
3
12
10
12
21
9
9
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.31
0.52
0.55
0.70
0.89
0.81
0.79
2.34
3.34
3.02
3.30
3.61
2.81
2.36
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.24
0.29
0.22
0.40
0.18
0.20
0.13
72
0
39
55
66
44
45
32
21
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
~
-
Appendix Table 4 (a) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I T
IIIN
11
1
Obs
Exu
Obs
EXP
~-
~
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
- _
~
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
EXP
_
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
85
116
91
74
48
50
33
87.11
122.59
93.72
71.70
50.48
47.01
38.10
6
13
13
14
2
8
12
6.80
11.26
10.13
9.11
7.55
8.26
7.87
7
12
6
5
11
2
5
5.61
8.55
7.09
5.88
4.49
4.53
3.98
8
13
11
2
6
5
5
8.03
11.88
9.55
7.67
5.68
5.56
4.74
5
5
3
2
3
2
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
9
11
15
15
11
7
4
9.40
14.64
12.34
12.49
8.98
9.15
6.62
157
226
163
146
95
91
60
157.48
218.51
163.83
147.53
94.40
85.71
55.09
18
22
16
11
9
4
15.40
21.22
15.79
14.11
8.96
8.08
5.16
13
17
12
19
7
6
5
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
8
15
13
12
9
6
8
7.14
13.04
11.72
11.25
8.86
8.02
5.96
12
32
31
37
27
26
21
13.79
27.80
27.52
29.53
25.32
25.31
20.74
108
152
110
79
54
45
28
103.27
153.01
111.34
87.82
55.34
40.66
24.49
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3
2
3
4
2
1
4
1.54
2.68
2.72
2.87
2.70
2.83
2.73
7
23
23
30
20
20
12
11.46
19.07
18.62
18.81
16.79
16.74
15.46
6
5
8
7
5
8
4
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
0
3
4
2
1
0.50
0.81
0.99
0.90
1.11
1.08
1.19
3
7
8
8
8
7
5
4.25
5.95
6.31
5.03
5.35
4.54
4.33
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.63
0.95
0.65
0.80
0.46
0.45
0.59
1
3.10
4.29
3.24
2.43
1.69
1.55
1.24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.34
0.43
0.29
0.19
0.12
0.10
0.07
12.56
18.68
15.01
14.49
9.94
9.66
6.65
3
4
6
2
1
2
2
4.78
6.41
4.64
4.03
2.49
2.19
1.36
0
0
0
0.38
0.53
0.40
0.35
0.22
0.21
0.13
2
4
5
7
5
6
2
2.99
6.41
6.73
7.66
6.98
7.41
6.45
3
7
6
8
6
2
1
6.07
9.74
7.71
6.59
4.50
3.59
2.35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.48
7.17
6.72
6.55
5.62
5.38
4.78
30 1
402
308
234
177
140
112
292.75
390.17
304.77
246.70
176.42
140.93
104.25
15
20
14
24
17
15
10
18.07
27.33
24.25
22.29
18.09
16.41
13.79
2
2
7
3
2
1
1
5.68
7.58
5.88
4.77
3.39
2.70
2.00
4
7
7
4
4
4
1
4.13
5.29
5.14
3.75
3.65
2.84
2.47
14
31
25
24
17
10
14
17.48
23.76
24.48
18.96
19.62
16.17
14.99
75
66
55
27
25
20
15
70.39
74.03
58.96
35.31
28.26
18.00
12.91
3
2
5
1
3
2
2
3.24
4.20
4.13
3.05
3.01
2.37
2.10
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.09
0.08
0.11
0.21
5
13
5
10
2
3
2
5.07
7.51
5.11
6.14
3.46
3.31
4.28
5
4
4
3
4.60
6.25
3.90
4.30
2.22
1.96
2.32
8
10
7
6
4
4
9.44
12.24
7.29
7.68
3.79
3.18
3.60
10
0
0
0
4
1
4
1
0
0
0
1
5
73
Appendix Table 4 (a) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
Ohs
Exp
~
IIIM
IIIN
I1
I
Obs
Exp
~
Ohs
~
Exp
Ohs
~
IV
Exp
Ohs
~
V
Exp
Ohs
~
Exp
~
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
61
64
51
31
24
18
11
61.45
62.81
53.60
31.08
25.13
17.05
10.74
7
7
3
3
6
2
2
5.03
5.84
5.66
3.73
3.42
2.64
1.89
2
4
3
3
2
1
2
2.14
2.80
3.08
2.30
2.38
2.08
1.68
3
3
6
2
1
0
0
5.08
4.49
3.31
1.66
1.16
0.68
0.37
4
1
5
1
0
2
0
3.30
3.05
2.35
1.24
0.90
0.55
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
7
9
8
7
5
3
0
5.77
7.78
6.44
4.40
3.44
2.61
2.17
98
132
106
72
59
44
35
96.84
128.99
105.68
71.63
55.29
41.53
33.91
9
6
10
3
3
2
3
7.96
10.30
8.21
5.41
4.06
2.97
2.37
6
7
7
7
4
3
5
6.43
9.23
8.14
5.95
4.95
4.00
3.55
0
7
2
2
0
2
2
3.01
4.70
4.54
3.60
3.27
2.88
2.78
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
6
7
4
2
3
0
3
4.13
5.90
4.23
3.09
2.34
0.83
1.45
7
19
14
16
11
14
7
9.02
15.60
13.52
11.96
10.97
9.48
10.01
57
72
49
32
21
11
15
57.29
73.91
47.80
31.55
21.61
13.94
10.98
4
4
4
2
3
1
0
3.53
5.32
4.02
3.10
2.48
1.87
1.72
4
4
2
0
2
0
4.02
5.25
3.44
2.30
1.59
1.04
0.83
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
1
5
1
2
0
0
1.74
1.85
1.20
1.06
0.67
0.48
0.38
7
8
6
9
11
8
3
4.73
6.44
5.31
5.97
4.86
4.43
4.51
3
1
0
2
1
1
1
2.05
2.24
1.47
1.32
0.85
0.62
0.50
196
214
135
129
71
55
40
194.95
210.01
136.87
121.51
78.12
56.24
45.21
9
16
11
5
10
7
13
12.71
16.10
12.36
12.89
9.76
8.26
7.81
7
4
5
6.80
7.34
4.78
4.25
2.74
1.97
1.59
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
4
1
1
0
0
1
1.21
1.38
0.90
0.57
0.33
0.44
0.24
4
2
4
5
0
6
6
1.89
3.12
2.94
2.67
2.26
4.35
3.44
2
7
2
3
0
0
0
3.36
3.24
1.79
0.95
0.47
0.53
0.24
15
24
15
13
6
12
4
16.32
21.06
15.92
11.56
7.82
12.04
7.63
54
54
41
20
21
21
14
51.34
60.23
40.58
26.27
15.84
21.76
12.30
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0.14
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0
3
0
0
2
1
1
0.30
0.71
0.52
0.74
0.52
1.02
0.87
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0.22
0.43
0.26
0.31
0.18
0.29
0.20
4
3
3
6
3
5
3
3.20
6.20
3.70
4.34
2.51
4.03
2.84
1
10
5
4
1
3
1
3.93
7.00
3.84
4.14
2.20
3.25
2.10
IIIM
74
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
0
10
9
6
3
2
3
3
3.18
3.99
2.87
1.99
1.28
1.88
1.14
7.12
11.51
5.64
5.45
2.59
3.42
1.98
_
Appendix Table 4 (a) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
--______pppp_
All births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
126
497
260
128.53
510.72
261.87
17
68
30
20.06
60.98
28.20
28
48
17
21.22
40.12
16.47
9
50
15
11.50
53.11
16.75
7
21
13
5.69
17.53
11.72
0
0
0
0.00
1.54
0.00
20-34
883
901.11
115
109.24
93
77.81
74
81.36
41
34.94
0
1.54
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
21
72
39
21.49
73.61
32.61
366
938
546
363.39
922.55
533.87
54
90
36
53.42
88.73
41.28
44
79
39
44.60
86.99
42.24
25
20
15
26.44
25.90
24.78
1
0
1.67
2.23
0.00
20-34
132
127.71
1850
1819.81
180
183.43
162
173.84
60
77.12
2
3.90
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
30
71
25
24.12
66.00
21.98
92
186
88
88.59
170.02
80.58
302
576
257
300.70
575.93
257.08
42
31
18
41.45
44.63
22.05
15
33
13
26.07
40.55
18.46
1
1
0
1.05
0.74
0.00
20-34
126
112.10
366
339.19
1135
1133.72
91
108.13
61
85.08
2
1.79
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
15
19
10
11.97
18.07
7.37
76
135
52
70.77
116.95
36.24
35
43
9
28.60
40.70
9.07
1196
1674
840
1169.88
1655.99
842.91
109
115
71
139.86
140.22
79.90
29
18
23
38.95
32.00
29.47
20-34
44
37.41
263
223.97
87
78.37
3710
3668.79
295
359.97
70
100.42
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
12
8
4.56
6.59
5.08
19
46
27
20.77
35.75
20.66
26
31
14
16.79
27.26
10.58
122
135
89
135.36
135.46
92.05
248
283
225
227.24
297.86
228.32
19
18
10
31.26
22.10
16.33
20-34
22
16.23
92
77.18
71
54.62
346
362.87
756
753.43
47
69.68
V
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
0
0
0.34
0.23
0.35
3
4
7
1.66
4.51
4.68
1
0
3
2.98
0.60
1.89
32
40
27
37.08
34.87
26.82
32
25
25
27.19
25.57
26.47
33
44
36
31.76
47.23
37.79
20-34
0
0.92
14
10.85
4
5.47
99
98.76
82
79.22
113
116.77
1
75
Figure 4 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years who in 1971 were:
Social Class I 1 a t Census
GO0
-
400-
+
0
.r
;7
h
200
200-
-
.
c,
r
c 0)
.rc
T-
100
E
T
-I
T
I
'
*
I
A
no u
m
Evl
T
50 -
U 0
W -O
m
.rv
25-
U
m
S
5
=:
10-
5Social Class IIIM a t Census
Social Class I I I N a t Census
600 7
+
GO0
-
200 -
400
0
.r
c,
I 4200
001
h
-
T-
*
c,
.r
100
-aJ
.r
n m
o u
7
*
€ I n
50
urn
-
-
T
I
I
-
3
;
-
&
010
In.U
25-
m
U
!=
m
10-
Ln
c,
5-
5-1
Social Class IV a t Census
600
400-
400
-
200
-
200-
T
+
i
100
:
-
{
-?
A
-
100
-i
7
l
-
?
;
I
*
-
T'
t
7
I
?
50-
L
A
*
50 -
A.
25
-
25-
10
-
10-
5
J
5I
I
I
I
I
i
I
I1
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h of c h i l d
I
I1
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h of c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
CExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
76
-
GO0 7
x
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
100
A
Appendix Table 4 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year ofbirth of child; by housing tenure
(b) Private tenants
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
Exp
I1
Obs
IIIN
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
Obs
V __
____
Exp
Obs
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
13
14
15
12
8
13
3.53
11.27
11.89
13.82
10.87
11.29
10.98
2
0
1
3
2
6
3
0.33
1.25
1.56
2.15
2.01
2.47
2.85
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.52
1.73
1.90
2.30
1.88
2.04
2.06
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
0.50
1.31
1.15
1.10
0.72
0.62
0.49
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0.13
0.44
0.49
0.62
0.52
0.59
0.62
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
1
5
1
1
3
2
1.15
1.69
2.00
2.07
2.02
1.67
1.80
33
40
28
39
26
21
22
28.60
36.93
38.39
34.75
29.82
21.67
20.46
1
6
7
3
4
2
4
3.40
4.73
5.29
5.16
4.77
3.73
3.80
2
1
8
4
10
3
0
3.09
4.18
4.55
4.30
3.86
2.93
2.90
0
2
5
2
2
3
3
1.65
2.31
2.61
2.56
2.38
1.87
1.91
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.10
0.14
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.12
0.12
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
3
2
0
3
1
1
0.95
1.61
1.90
2.89
2.52
2.26
2.44
3
7
8
11
9
6
8
4.21
6.76
7.55
10.88
8.96
7.60
7.78
31
35
31
41
22
20
14
28.33
36.16
32.05
36.72
24.09
16.19
13.15
1
2
3
5
5
1
5
2.41
3.64
3.81
5.17
4.01
3.19
3.06
2
4
3
2
3
3
0
1.88
2.65
2.58
3.26
2.35
1.74
1.55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.22
0.19
0.12
0.09
0.04
0.02
0.01
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
1
0
1
2
1
0.56
0.88
1.09
1.08
1.22
1.41
1.17
3
2
8
8
6
9
10
3.13
4.98
6.32
6.32
7.30
8.54
7.19
2
1
3
3
3
5
0
1.72
2.50
2.87
2.62
2.76
2.94
2.25
132
151
134
95
86
74
46
128.04
149.44
138.33
101.58
85.79
73.43
45.25
6
15
18
15
15
9
9
10.35
14.03
15.07
12.84
12.58
12.50
8.94
4
6
4
7
2
3
1
3.20
4.19
4.33
3.55
3.34
3.20
2.20
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
3
0
1
2
2
0.26
0.53
0.61
0.63
0.63
0.85
0.98
3
4
5
3
5
6
1
1.98
3.45
3.36
2.99
2.55
2.95
2.91
2
3
3
7
1
1
0
2.87
4.00
3.10
2.20
1.49
1.38
1.08
10
21
29
20
19
12
18
15.89
25.77
23.32
19.29
15.24
16.38
15.01
44
57
35
28
15
18
14
39.96
54.92
42.09
29.49
19.74
17.97
13.95
6
9
3
1
2
4
2
4.04
6.33
5.51
4.40
3.35
3.47
3.07
1.00
0.78
1.20
0.66
0.63
0.52
0.38
11
12.02
9.45
14.73
8.24
7.95
6.71
4.84
8
10
10
2
8
4
5
9.37
7.22
11.01
6.03
5.70
4.71
3.33
19
9
17
3
6
2
2
16.54
10.89
14.21
6.66
5.38
3.80
2.29
V
1971
0
0.38
1
0.68
1
1972
0
0.16
1
0.49
0
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0.14
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.00
1
0
0
0
0.71
0.36
0.32
0.25
0.17
0
1
3
0
0
0
9
14
16
3
10
4
1
77
Appendix Table 4 (b) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
-
~
Exp
_
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
Obs
Obs
Obs
Obs
_
_
V
Exp
Obs
~
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.64
0.65
0.84
0.58
0.60
0.42
0.27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
2
2
2
4
0
0
0
1.17
1.51
1.03
1.13
0.72
0.61
0.38
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.13
0.09
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.04
1
3
1
2
1
2
0
1.36
2.09
2.01
1.66
1.25
0.93
0.66
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5
12
7
10
7
2
5.84
7.28
8.68
6.94
6.33
4.35
3.66
2
3
5
1.84
2.02
2.11
1.49
1.19
0.72
0.53
10.84
12.71
12.97
12.17
10.29
8.26
9.47
49
42
34
29
15
9
9
43.64
39.61
31.25
22.66
14.82
9.20
8.16
0
5
3
3
1
1
1
2.01
2.24
2.19
1.96
1.58
1.21
1.32
5.58
7.23
5.71
4.52
3.46
4.41
3.50
5
14
3
1
2
1
2
5.06
6.02
4.36
3.17
2.22
2.61
1.90
13
5
6
8
2
9
3
10.39
11.79
8.15
5.66
3.79
4.24
2.95
22
20
26
19
20
13
10
18.05
18.50
24.19
17.00
18.03
12.63
8.16
0
1
3
2
2
0
1
1.41
1.70
2.61
2.16
2.70
2.22
1.69
1.66
1.79
2.46
1.82
2.03
1.49
1.02
3
4
1
3
5
2.30
3.45
2.74
3.49
2.58
2.55
1.85
40
54
35
34
27
20
14
38.58
51.51
36.32
41.28
27.19
23.85
15.42
2
4
5
6
0
1
2
3.77
5.00
3.50
3.95
2.58
2.25
1.44
2
2
4
7
4
7
3
3.08
4.40
3.33
4.06
2.86
2.69
1.86
1.60
2.79
3.05
2.83
2.46
2.08
1.69
2
5
4
4
11
2
6
3.09
5.96
7.17
7.43
7.02
6.55
5.88
26
34
30
20
15
11
6
23.12
32.79
29.02
22.11
15.34
10.52
6.94
1
1
3
3
1
5
3
0.67
1.37
1.75
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.83
1
1
2
0
2
0.50
0.71
0.98
0.89
0.94
0.75
0.73
3
5
10
4
7
3
5
3.70
5.08
6.67
5.86
5.87
4.43
4.11
97
102
99
78
57
37
26
94.66
103.99
109.15
76.79
61.71
37.33
27.70
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.43
0.52
0.58
0.58
0.55
0.75
5
1
4
1
3
1
3
2.63
3.18
3.34
3.22
2.81
2.32
2.74
2.56
2.83
2.72
2.40
1.91
1.45
1.56
5
8
11
7
10
10
1
0.25
0.00
0.00
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.69
0.91
0.73
0.59
0.46
0.59
0.48
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.14
0.17
3
6
9
1.16
1.29
1.83
1.39
1.60
1.22
0.85
0
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
4
2
0
2
5
7
0
2
2
0
1
1
1.45
0
1.91
3
3
2.41
2.04
1.97
1.43
1.27
1
2
1
10
1
1
0
2
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3
5
0
3
3
2
1
10
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
78
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
5
2
2
Appendix Table 4 (b) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Obs
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
Exp
I1
Obs
10.38
11.13
5.52
5.44
3.05
5.19
2.15
Exp
IIIN
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Obs
Exp
0.85
1.03
0.58
0.65
0.41
0.80
0.38
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.36
0.50
0.32
0.40
0.29
0.63
0.34
0.86
0.80
0.34
0.29
0.14
0.21
0.07
26.63
22.43
14.30
12.59
8.57
6.15
5.27
3
1
1
2
0
0
1
2.19
1.79
1.11
0.95
0.63
0.44
0.37
1.77
1.60
1.10
1.05
0.77
0.59
0.55
0.90
1.06
0.93
0.95
0.60
0.21
0.29
1.97
2.80
2.96
3.68
2.81
2.37
2.00
12
14
11
8
7
3
3
12.49
13.25
10.48
9.71
5.54
3.48
2.20
0.77
0.95
0.88
0.95
0.64
0.47
0.34
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.44
0.59
0.33
0.32
0.28
0.17
0.11
1.21
2.03
1.48
1.79
2.00
1.54
1.28
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.52
0.71
0.41
0.40
0.35
0.21
0.14
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.74
0.50
0.40
0.23
0.20
0.12
0.18
1.16
1.14
1.31
1.09
1.37
1.17
2.48
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
2.05
1.18
0.80
0.39
0.29
0.14
0.18
0.20
0.49
0.44
0.20
0.20
0.42
0.44
0
0.15
0.30
0.22
0.08
0.07
0.12
0.10
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
0.56
0.54
0.24
0.22
0.11
0.17
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.83
0.82
0.61
0.63
0.51
0.43
0.43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
0.88
0.94
0.75
0.71
0.41
0.26
0.17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
49.83
66.27
38.02
36.37
32.22
19.53
12.81
2
2
3.25
5.08
3.43
3.86
4.02
2.87
2.21
0
3
1
2
1
2
0
1.74
2.32
1.33
1.27
1.13
0.69
0.45
9.78
7.70
7.10
4.73
4.75
3.23
5.50
35
29
16
10
15
8
9
31.34
22.02
18.10
10.75
9.62
5.84
8.86
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1.94
1.46
1.28
0.81
0.78
0.50
0.82
2.13
4.29
3.17
1.16
0.94
1.68
1.42
2
5
3
2
2.62
4.85
3.29
1.10
6
1
0.82
1
0
2
1.34
1.05
2
1
4.81
7.97
4.84
1.45
0.97
1.42
0.99
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.59
1.35
0.87
0.77
0.53
0.39
0.34
28
22
14
11
9
6
4
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
49
68
37
36
36
20
14
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.09
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
6
5
1
0
2
1
5
4
1
79
Appendix Table 4 (b) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
Ohs
Exp
~
All birrhs 1971-77
I1
Obs
~
Exp
IIIN
Obs
IIIM
~
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
_
Obs
V
Exp
_
Ohs
Exp
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
76
130
47
73.65
116.57
42.85
17
9
3
12.62
14.48
4.71
3
2
2
12.44
9.35
2.84
9
15
3
5.88
12.28
2.71
3
1
0
3.40
3.99
1.90
0
0.00
0
0
0.34
0.00
20-34
253
233.06
29
31.82
7
24.63
27
20.87
4
9.29
0
0.34
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
15
22
2
12.41
18.97
5.84
209
224
94
210.62
234.15
95.95
27
20
8
30.90
22.50
7.48
28
29
7
25.82
22.28
7.43
17
10
10
15.29
6.54
4.26
0
0
0
0.96
0.57
0.00
20-34
39
37.22
527
540.72
55
60.88
64
55.53
37
26.10
0
1.53
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
11
18
3
14.57
16.50
4.93
52
34
16
53.74
43.10
18.59
194
142
58
186.70
139.84
57.14
22
17
7
25.29
11.41
5.01
17
10
6
16.02
9.96
4.11
1
0
0
0.69
0.17
0.85
0.00
20-34
32
36.00
102
115.43
394
383.68
46
41.70
33
30.08
1
IIIM
20-24
25-29
30-34
6
7
1
7.40
5.50
2.23
46
37
9
43.78
35.73
11.32
17
11
2
17.66
12.46
2.75
718
496
260
721.86
511.32
255.05
87
53
24
86.29
43.08
24.73
27
14
9
24.03
9.88
8.92
20-34
14
15.13
92
90.83
30
32.87
1474
1488.23
164
154.11
50
42.83
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
9
1
0
4.49
3.74
2.37
27
18
9
20.18
20.25
9.71
17
17
4
16.12
15.44
5.02
129
61
35
130.89
76.72
42.78
211
187
122
218.13
169.34
106.52
27
14
4
30.17
12.52
7.59
20-34
10
10.60
54
50.14
38
36.59
225
250.39
520
493.99
45
50.28
V
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
1
0
0.76
0.25
0.23
3
5
2
2.98
4.45
2.39
5.18
0.58
1.04
67
31
17
63.94
34.41
14.79
47
28
15
47.37
25.35
15.09
58
46
20
59.77
46.96
22.45
20-34
1
1.24
10
9.82
6.80
1 I5
113.14
90
87.82
124
129.18
80
_
-
GO0 400-
600
*0
400-
.r
U
F
200-
U
h
T
2
=,loo
.r 7
n
T
$
b
I
m
o u
-L
50 -
E m
urn
200-
7
-
.rv
-
*
T
1
-*
*
I
A
50 -
t
25-
+
100
-
A
aJ0
mr-
-
25
-
U
m
c
m
=:
L
10-
10 -
A
5-
5 1
Social Class I I I M a t Census
Social Class I I I N a t Census
0
.r
U
2
200
-
h
l
-
U
""I
.r 7
n
*
m
o u
i
E m
y
25
m
U
m
=I
105
j
'"
5
Social Class V a t Census
Social Class IV a t Census
GO07
GO0
0
._
U
m
L
*+h
.r
:::];;
-- 100
-a.n m
o u
Ern
.,
-am
A
-
,
~
-
A
c
t
-
A
50
I
0
.-a
VIU
L
_I
25
10
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I1
IIIN
IIIM
IV
V
I
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
ZObserved number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
ZExpected number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
I
I
I
I
I
I1
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
l
-
x 100
'
0
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
&
81
Appendix Table 4 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child; by housing tenure
(c) Local authority tenants
Social class
at Census
and vear
of bkth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
Ohs
I1
Exp
Ohs
IIIN
Exp
Ohs
~-
IIIM
Exp
~
Ohs
IV
Exp
~
Ohs
_
V
Exp
Exp
Ohs
_
_
~
Married men aged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
3
2
3
2
6
2
0.00
4.23
2.80
2.76
2.72
3.98
1.94
0
1
1
0
0
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
82
0
2
1
1
1
0
1
0.00
0.65
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.72
0.36
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.47
0.37
0.43
0.50
0.87
0.50
0.42
0.51
0.91
0.55
0.66
0.73
0.47
12
10
15
8
9
10
7
10.54
11.08
17.38
9.22
9.71
9.48
5.28
1
1
5
3
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0.30
0.72
0.67
0.64
0.66
0.73
1.13
1
4
4
3
1
3
3
1.33
3.05
2.67
2.40
2.35
2.45
3.61
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0.45
0.83
0.84
0.79
0.92
0.81
0.85
1
6
2
4
8
3
2
1
1
0
0
0.32
0.43
0.55
0.63
0.50
0.48
0.93
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0.42
0.27
0.12
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.49
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.22
0.09
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.16
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.21
0.1.1
1.25
1.42
2.40
1.37
1.55
1.63
0.98
0
3
2
2
0
2
0
1.14
1.25
2.06
1.14
1.26
1.28
0.75
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
10
14
8
4
5
6
3
8.95
16.31
11.35
8.09
6.31
5.22
6.11
1
3
1
3
0.76
1.64
1.35
1.14
1.05
1.03
1.42
2.51
4.70
4.89
4.64
5.49
4.94
5.26
0
2
1
3
0
2
0
1.38
2.36
2.22
1.93
2.07
1.70
1.65
102
129
98
70
63
43
36
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
2.46
2.80
3.06
2.99
2.01
1.64
2.75
1
1
2
0
0
1
0
3.57
3.24
2.83
2.20
1.18
0.77
1.03
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.77
0.82
0.60
0.45
0.29
0.19
0.25
1
3
2
0
0
1
1
1.13
1.29
1.03
0.81
0.57
0.39
0.58
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.69
1.18
0.68
0.77
0.82
0.49
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.03
0
2
3
5
3
0
2
0.60
1.19
0.91
0.72
0.62
0.56
0.72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.09
0.04
0
0.01
0.01
0.00
102.78
140.95
170.04
74.60
64.53
42.47
33.09
14
22
21
12
9
8
11
8.31
13.23
11.66
9.43
9.46
7.23
6.54
1
6
6
5
4
3
0
2.57
3.95
3.35
2.60
2.52
1.85
1.61
23
29
26
14
13
9
17
19.80
20.89
21.23
19.29
12.05
9.14
14.20
48
37
33
14
13
11
11
49.80
44.51
38.31
29.49
15.61
10.03
13.20
7
9
7
8
5
2
5
5.04
5.13
5.02
4.40
2.65
1.94
2.90
16
11
15
13
6
3
9
13.53
15.65
12.63
10.11
7.15
5.03
7.47
12
14
8
5
3
4
3
10.54
11.95
9.44
7.41
5.13
3.53
5.14
16
18
18.61
18.03
LO
12.18
8
9
4
4
8.17
4.84
2.85
3.54
0
1
2
1
0.02
~
Appendix Table 4
( c ) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
Obs
~
~
~
IIIM
IIIN
Exp
Obs
~
~
Exp
Obs
~
IV
Exp
~
V
Obs
_
Exp
_
Obs
_
Exp
_
_
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3
10
1
2
5
1
4
3.14
9.25
3.02
3.70
5.77
0.70
4.08
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
1
2
2
0
0
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.25
0.85
0.33
0.47
0.86
0.12
0.84
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0.20
0.65
0.23
0.30
0.51
0.07
0.43
0.80
1.26
1.22
0.91
0.93
0.80
0.62
12
16
16
10
8
8
4
13.39
18.73
16.23
10.70
9.82
7.45
5.14
1
3
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0.91
1.37
1.21
0.87
1.49
0.28
0.80
2
1
4
0
2
1
1
1.75
2.91
2.84
2.27
4.26
0.89
2.77
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.71
1.16
0.89
0.87
0.87
0.95
0.86
4
3
4
2
2
3
2
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.27
0.53
0.42
0.58
0.38
0.51
0.69
0
0
0.52
0.00
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1
0.29
0.90
0.31
0.40
0.65
0.08
0.51
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.11
0.32
0.10
0.13
0.19
0.02
0.13
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
1.31
1.82
1.56
1.02
0.93
0.70
0.48
3
2
3
1
0
0
1
1.07
1.60
1.49
1.05
1.03
0.84
0.62
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.41
0.55
0.46
0.29
0.26
0.19
0.13
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
10
16
8
8
9
1
4
13.10
16.03
11.47
6.76
9.31
1.44
3.27
3
1
1
2
3
1
3
0.38
0.67
0.69
0.59
1.17
0.26
0.86
2
4
3
1
2
0
0
0.77
1.02
0.79
0.51
0.76
0.13
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.32
8.23
6.10
5.73
5.42
5.61
4.86
0
6
1
4
3
0
0
2.08
3.10
2.20
2.00
1.81
1.80
1.50
133
165
98
74
62
51
33
135.86
168.44
99.91
75.15
56.96
47.23
32.81
14
13
12
11
4
5
8
8.39
11.80
7.95
6.79
5.84
5.50
4.34
4
8
3
1
1
2
2
2.63
3.27
1.93
1.45
1.09
0.91
0.63
0
4
2
2
1
1
0
2.29
3.91
2.65
3.22
1.84
2.12
2.51
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2.23
3.48
2.16
2.40
1.26
1.32
1.43
12
14
16
21
9
8
8
9.44
15.63
10.28
12.17
6.75
7.55
8.68
40
49
23
16
7
10
11
38.01
48.71
24.76
22.66
9.73
8.40
7.48
1
7
0
1
2
1
2
1.75
2.76
1.73
1.96
1.04
1.11
1.21
1
1
2
1
1
0
1
1.41
1.19
1.34
0.97
0.82
0.54
0.59
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.21
7
9
11
11
3
5
7
11.42
9.46
10.51
7.43
6.22
4.05
4.28
9
7
5
6
6
2
1
10.36
7.87
8.03
5.21
4.00
2.39
2.32
28
17
16
5
8
4
2
21.25
15.42
15.01
9.29
6.82
3.89
3.60
1
0
1
2
0
1
v
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0.00
83
_
Appendix Table 4 (c) continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
IIIM
IV
Obs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.06
0.07
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.11
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.08
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.41
0.17
0.32
0.23
0.21
0.25
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.40
0.52
0.31
0.16
0.19
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
5
6
4
1
1
1
1
3.51
3.13
2.45
1.56
0.99
0.96
0.69
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Married men aged 30-34
I
I971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.60
1.59
2.36
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.72
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.13
0.15
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.13
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.34
0.68
0.24
0.39
0.24
0.19
0.19
2
10
3
6
2
2
1
5.65
11.22
3.97
6.30
3.89
3.08
3.01
2
1
2
0
0
0
2
0.46
0.90
0.31
0.48
0.29
0.22
0.21
0.38
0.80
0.31
0.52
0.35
0.30
0.32
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.53
0.45
0.64
0.42
0.24
0.15
0.06
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1.16
1.18
2.04
1.61
1.13
1.69
0.40
10
6
9
2
1
1
1
7.34
5.58
7.20
4.25
2.22
2.49
0.44
0.45
0.40
0.61
0.42
0.25
0.33
0.07
0
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.90
0.79
0.61
0.39
0.24
0.23
0.16
2.44
2.75
2.72
2.19
1.75
2.15
1.95
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
1.06
0.96
0.76
0.49
0.31
0.30
0.22
100.53
89.51
70.13
44.64
28.19
27.34
19.59
9
7
8
10
4
3
4
6.56
6.86
6.33
4.74
3.52
4.01
3.39
1.08
1.37
1.31
1.39
1.29
1.27
1.24
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1.92
1.43
0.80
0.50
0.27
0.15
0.09
9.15
9.29
7.10
6.04
4.47
3.52
2.75
29
22
14
16
9
3
2
29.34
26.55
18.10
13.73
9.05
6.37
4.43
4
4
0.42
0.60
0.70
0.84
0.59
0.85
0.66
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.37
0.35
0.35
0.20
0.24
0.15
4.48
5.25
5.02
4.92
2.82
3.36
2.13
6
4
8
5
3
4
1
5.50
10
13
8
6
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.69
0.61
0.40
0.30
0.19
0.13
0.09
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.18
0.11
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
84
0
0
1
98
89
68
42
29
31
21
5
3
3
6
1
4
1
.
5.93
5.21
4.70
2.47
2.71
1.58
5
2
1
1
1
5
2
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.82
1.76
1.28
1.04
0.73
0.55
0.41
10.10
9.74
7.66
6.17
2.91
2.85
1.48
Appendix Table 4 (c) continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
I
I1
Ohs
~
Exp
Ohs
~
IIIN
Exp
Ohs
IIIM
_
Exp
Obs
IV
Exp
_
V
Obs
Exp
_
Obs
Exp
~
All births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
18
26
4
18.43
29.66
7.01
3.14
3.72
0.77
6
3
1
3.11
2.39
0.47
1.47
3.13
0.45
0
1
1
0.85
1.01
0.31
0.00
0.09
0.00
20-34
48
55.10
7.63
10
5.96
5.04
2
2.18
0.09
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
4.24
6.53
2.27
71
74
26
72.69
81.46
37.12
13
9
7
10.61
7.83
2.86
9
10
8
8.88
7.70
2.97
4
5
6
5.25
2.28
1.76
2
2
0
0.33
0.20
0.00
20-34
13.04
171
191.26
29
21.30
27
19.55
15
9.29
4
0.53
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
4.86
6.91
2.47
19
11
5
17.86
17.69
9.20
50
56
30
62.34
61.37
29.52
12
14
5
8.39
4.63
2.54
15
12
4
5.32
4.29
2.12
0.24
0.09
0.00
20-34
14.25
35
44.75
136
153.23
31
15.55
31
11.73
0.33
20-24
25-29
30-34
5.50
6.32
3.33
26
20
3
32.43
41.28
15.96
8
14
5
13.31
14.49
4.08
54 1
616
378
565.47
616.36
379.93
97
67
45
65.85
50.60
35.41
25
21
19
18.46
11.92
13.28
20-34
15.14
49
89.67
27
31.88
I,535
1561.76
209
151.86
65
43.66
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
3.84
3.38
2.41
13
10
4
17.72
18.55
8.96
5
9
3
14.81
14.28
5.15
131
88
54
116.59
70.50
42.32
187
156
95
200.95
159.74
107.58
43
14
18
27.07
11.56
7.59
20-34
9.62
27
45.23
17
34.25
273
229.41
438
468.27
15
46.22
20-24
25-29
30-34
0.90
0.52
0.40
2
7
3
3.36
6.87
4.66
8
1
0
5.80
0.79
1.97
73
53
23
71.57
53.36
27.97
49
36
31
53.14
40.19
28.09
69
80
46
68.23
75.28
40.91
20-34
1.82
12
14.88
9
8.57
149
152.90
116
121.42
195
184.41
IIIM
V
85
Figure 4 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years who in 1971 were:
(e) Local authority tenants
Social Class I1 a t Census
600
*0
-
GO0
4001
4007
.r
+ .
h
-
,
c,
7
w
.n m
o u
W
r
'?
O
J
r
;
-
I
I
4
.
I
l.
.r
V l -v
?
A
.
I
50-
I
O
i
.L
t
l.
:
T
i
T
100
I
A
-
200-
I
&
7
50
u r n
i
T
100
E m
7
I
E - 200-
.r
-
25-
25-
10-
10
5-
5-
m
U
S
m
=;
-
Social Class I I I M a t Census
Social Class I I I N a t Census
GO0
GOO-
*0
400-
.r
c,
E
c
h
,
.C
7
.r
-w
O
cnr
y
100
-P
?
I
O U
E m
50urn
.rv
T.
100
n m
W
r
200-
:
I
50
0
,
I
*
I
25-
I
I
m
U
S
m
=I
105
5-1
Social Class V a t Census
GO0 -
*
GO0
400-
0
.r
43
E
i
+
h
z,
.r c
n
-
o u
E m
o m
W
m
50-
I
O
7
.rv
25-
U
m
e
7
-
T
A
r
A
-1
100
z
i
I
I
c
m
=I
I
100
m
200
t
200-
10-
:
I
10
5
I
A
5-
I
I
I
I1
I
IIIN IIIM
IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
C o b s e r v e d number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobility r a t i o
=
CExpected number of t r a n s i t i o n s
86
-r
x
I
100
f
4
.
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
Appendix Table 5 Observed and expected social class mobility for all married men by age and year of birth of child owner occupier
migrants between local authorities 1970-71
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I
IIIN
I1
Ohs
Exp
Ohs
Exp
Ohs
IV
IIIM
Exp
Ohs
Exp
V
Obs
Exp
Ohs
Exp
0.60
1.15
0.81
0.55
0.31
0.36
0.23
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.15
0.38
0.35
0.31
0.23
0.35
0.29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.38
1.84
1.80
2.02
1.98
2.38
1.78
0
2
0.74
1.02
1.03
1.20
1.22
1.52
1.17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.07
0
0
0.74
0.93
1.72
1.38
1.46
1.29
0.83
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.00
1
3.66
4.38
5.56
6.22
5.12
5.76
2.93
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
1.13
1.31
1.60
1.72
1.36
1.48
0.72
Murried men uged 20-24
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
5
10
10
7
4
7
5
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
4.23
9.86
8.40
6.91
4.75
6.64
5.17
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.40
1.09
1.10
1.08
0.88
1.45
1.34
0.51
0.74
0.79
0.97
1.03
1.36
1.11
14
15
17
19
15
20
16
12.79
16.25
15.21
16.31
15.25
17.60
12.54
1
3
7
7
7
6
3
1.66
2.39
5.03
4.61
5.55
5.64
4.17
12
10
21
16
13
13
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2
2
3
0.37
0.57
1.26
1.23
1.56
1.68
1.31
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0.20
0.27
0.40
0.52
0.50
0.65
0.38
0
4
2
4
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.16
0.20
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
1
3
1
2
2
3
1
0.62
1.52
1.34
1.15
0.82
1.20
0.97
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1.52
2.08
2.10
2.42
2.44
3.03
2.33
0
3
1
4
2
1
3
8
11.18
12.76
21.37
15.56
14.91
12.02
7.05
0
0.95
1.28
2.54
2.19
2.48
2.36
1.64
1.11
1.56
2.33
3.06
2.97
3.93
2.36
0
0
1
2
1
2
0
0.61
0.78
1.06
1.27
1.12
1.35
0.74
50
50
55
50
32
39
17
45.29
46.70
51.05
49.20
34.92
33.84
14.86
0.43
0.58
0.52
0.46
0.65
0.69
0.08
0
3
0.62
0.67
0.48
0.34
0.38
0.32
0.03
2
8
1
6
3
2
0
3.42
4.34
3.59
2.94
3.90
3.81
0.41
12
4
9
0.08
0.15
0.05
0.21
0.05
0.03
0.02
0
0
0
0.13
0.24
0.09
0.39
0.09
0.07
0.03
1
2
0
1.50
2.93
1.05
4.87
1.19
0.84
0.44
0
3
0
4
1
2
2
1
2
3
2
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
4
6
7
1
2
1
5
6
1
1
8.61
9.25
6.48
4.50
5.05
4.18
0.38
0
0
1.17
2.24
0.79
3.57
0.86
0.59
0.30
4
3
3
3
1
1
0
0
0
0.87
1.07
0.85
0.67
0.86
0.81
0.08
v
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
2.07
3.38
1.02
3.93
0.81
0.47
0.21
Appendix Table 5 continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
I1
I
Obs
Exp
Obs
IIIN
Exp
Obs
IIIM
Exp
Obs
~
IV
Exp
Obs
V
Exp
Obs
Exp
~
-
Married men aged 25-29
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
18
29
21
16
15
15
11
19.62
31.61
22.67
16.26
14.42
13.33
10.89
1.53
2.90
2.45
2.07
2.16
2.34
2.25
0
4
3
0
3
0
1
1.26
2.21
1.72
1.33
1.28
1.28
1.14
1
4
1
0
1
1
1
1.81
3.06
2.31
1.74
1.62
1.58
1.35
0.70
1.11
0.78
0.55
0.48
0.44
0.35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
31.50
39.80
30.14
28.28
24.92
17.89
15.42
4
2
3
3
3
3
0
3.08
3.87
2.91
2.70
2.37
1.69
1.44
0
3
2
3
0
0
1
2.51
3.40
2.76
2.78
2.62
2.02
1.86
0.96
1.17
0.85
0.77
0.66
0.46
0.38
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.04
1.44
2.67
2.77
3.07
1.84
2.17
1.09
2.78
5.69
6.51
8.05
5.26
6.85
3.80
20
35
28
21
14
12
4
20.81
31.33
26.32
23.95
11.51
11.00
4.49
0
1
1
0
2
1
0
0.60
1.31
1.59
2.09
1.45
2.01
1.18
1.22
2.00
1.82
1.80
0.94
0.97
0.43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.31
0.31
0.44
0.28
0.41
0.32
2
2
1.41
2.23
2.10
2.87
1.73
2.44
1.84
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
0.55
0.84
0.76
1.00
0.58
0.79
0.57
34
42
30
35
16
22
11
35.94
45.55
34.42
37.58
18.20
20.57
12.39
2.22
3.19
2.74
3.39
1.87
2.39
1.64
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0.70
0.89
0.66
0.73
0.35
0.39
0.24
1
0
1
0.08
0.09
0.13
0.09
0.16
0.17
0.13
1
1
2
0
2
1
2
0.68
0.63
0.82
0.52
0.79
0.71
0.46
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.66
0.56
0.67
0.39
0.54
0.44
0.26
1
4
4
2
3
1
0
2.80
2.50
3.18
1.98
2.89
2.52
1.58
11.26
7.79
7.66
3.69
4.17
2.80
1.36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0.06
0.07
0.12
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
1
1
0
1
0
0.09
0.05
0.16
0.02
0.01
0.06
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.51
0.56
0.90
0.65
0.69
0.37
1.17
I1
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1.88
2.67
2.27
2.39
2.37
1.91
1.85
35
43
32
30
27
19
17
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0.00
0.00
0.00
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0.52
0.44
054
0.32
0.44
0.37
0.22
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
88
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.46
0.46
0.69
0.45
0.45
0.22
0.63
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
0.94
0.91
1.29
0.81
0.76
0.35
0.98
Appendix Table 5 continued
Social class
at Census
and year
of birth
of child
Social class at birth of child
IIIN
I1
I
Obs
Exp
Obs
Exp
IIIM
Ohs
Exp
Obs
0.39
0.53
0.59
0.40
0.29
0.45
0.22
0
V
IV
Exp
Obs
Exp
Ohs
Exp
0.92
0.85
0.63
0.29
0.14
0.15
0.05
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.60
0.58
0.45
0.22
0.11
0.12
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
1.29
1.55
1.35
0.92
0.63
0.67
0.95
0
1
1
1
0
1
2
0.60
0.79
0.75
0.55
0.41
0.48
0.74
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.67
0.64
0.57
0.31
0.24
0.15
0.13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Married men aged 30-34
I
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
11
12
9
7
3
5
1
11.17
11.93
10.25
5.44
3.05
3.71
1.43
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.91
1.11
1.08
0.65
0.41
0.57
0.25
1
0
1
0
1
4
2
1
0
0
1.15
1.30
1.06
0.68
0.44
0.44
0.58
22
20
18
12
7
6
7
19.37
21.63
17.48
11.02
7.01
6.92
9.04
1
2
1
0
1
1
IIIN
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.69
0.72
0.69
0.42
0.36
0.12
0.23
0
3
1
2
1
3
2
1.50
1.91
2.22
1.61
1.69
1.35
1.60
9
8
10
IIIM
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.18
0.11
0.07
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.02
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0.13
0.07
0.11
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
IV
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.59
1.73
1.36
0.83
0.51
0.50
0.63
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
9.55
9.06
7.86
4.25
3.32
1.99
1.76
0
0
0
0
0
0.59
0.65
0.66
0.42
0.38
0.27
0.28
0.49
0.40
0.30
0.53
0.40
0.43
0.23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.21
0.14
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.06
0.03
21
15
7
12
6
6
2
20.11
12.91
7.60
10.75
6.44
5.47
2.26
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
1.31
0.99
0.69
1.14
0.80
0.80
0.39
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.70
0.45
0.27
0.38
0.23
0.19
0.08
0.20
0.17
0.36
0.18
0.08
0.21
0.28
0
0
0
0
0
0.35
0.17
0.22
0.06
0.02
0.03
0.02
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
1.66
1.13
1.96
0.79
0.28
OS9
0.61
7
0
5.33
3.24
4.99
1.79
0.57
1.06
0.98
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.33
0.21
0.35
0.14
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.04
0.11
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.08
0.11
0
0
0.03
0.07
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.03
0
1
0.43
0.95
0.00
0.58
0
1
0
1
0.00
0
0.34
0.35
0
0
0.52
1.08
0.00
0.55
0.00
0.27
0.26
2
1
0
0
0
1
1
0.96
1.77
0.00
0.73
0.00
0.28
0.25
1
5
5
0
0
0
1
2
1
5
1
1
0
1
V
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
89
Appendix Table 5 continued
Social class
at Census,
age of
married men
Social class at birth of child
Obs
Exp
______
Obs
__
IIIN
_______
Exp
Obs
_____
IIIM
IV
Obs
Exp
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _
Obs
Exp
V
_
Exp
_
_
Obs
_
_
Exp
_
AI1 births 1971-77
I
20-24
25-29
30-34
48
125
48
45.96
128.81
46.97
2
20
5
7.34
15.70
5.00
13
20-34
221
221.74
27
28.04
I1
20-24
25-29
30-34
7
11
9
6.52
15.34
5.65
1I6
203
92
20-34
27
27.51
IIIN
20-24
25-29
30-34
11
10
4
20-34
3
7.63
10.22
2.88
2
9
3
4.01
13.48
3.04
2
8
1
2.06
4.41
2.12
0
0
0
0.00
0.38
0.00
27
20.73
14
20.52
11
8.59
0
0.38
105.97
187.95
92.47
13
18
7
15.93
18.05
7.15
7
9
3
13.18
17.96
7.34
6
4
6
7.90
5.24
4.33
I
0
0
0.50
0.45
0.00
41 1
386.39
38
41.14
19
38.47
16
17.47
I
0.95
7.98
15.05
3.23
34
51
12
28.04
38.95
11.90
93
134
40
94.85
129.41
37.79
12
5
1
13.45
10.23
3.24
4
3
2
8.36
9.17
2.71
0
0
0
0.31
0.15
0.00
25
26.27
97
79.89
267
262.04
18
26.93
9
20.25
0
0.46
20-24
25-29
30-34
2
7
0
2.92
2.26
0.57
19
20
4
17.32
14.61
2.76
6
9
0
6.94
5.08
0.70
293
190
69
275.86
204.64
65.54
22
19
3
33.64
17.44
6.13
4
3
2
9.32
3.95
2.29
20-34
9
5.76
43
34.70
15
12.72
552
546.04
44
57.20
9
15.57
IV
20-24
25-29
30-34
1
0.72
0.85
0.40
4
9
2
3.39
4.60
1.48
6
2
4
6
22
15
7
22.41
17.45
7.02
38
34
15
38.44
38.74
17.97
2
2
0
2.84
3.52
0.87
1
5.20
2.85
1.26
20-34
7
1.97
15
9.47
12
7.22
44
46.88
87
95.14
5
9.31
20-24
25-29
30-34
0
0
0
0.14
0.02
0.04
2
0
0
0
0
1.04
0.11
0.19
10
4
2
12.83
4.84
2.65
9
4
2
9.51
3.36
2.69
15
1
0.60
0.63
0.44
7
5
11.89
6.04
3.99
20-34
0
0.20
3
1.67
0
1.33
16
20.32
15
15.56
27
21.92
11
IIIM
v
90
_
~
Figure 5 Social class mobility for married men aged 20-34 years who were owners occupiers and had
moved between local authorities in 1970-71
Social Class I1 a t Census
600 7
GOO-
*0
400
400-
-
.r
c,
I
h
.r
c-'
7
-r
.-.
a 100
f
.r 7
o m
o v
E m
50
uW r On
200-
T
200-
t
T
T
I
1
I
-
I
L
I
6
'
&
25 -
T
J
-
8
50
-L
.r
V Iv
7
25-
U
T
T
i
100
I
?
A
T
.r
e
T
+
A
A
m
U
S
10 -
m
=:
10-
5-
5'
Social Class I I I M a t Census
Social Class IIIN a t Census
GO0
GO0
-
400 -
0
T
.r
200-
c,
2
200
7-
i
T
+
100-
T
A
1
t
A
50-
100
-
T
r
I
)
;
A
,
50
I
r
-
1'
i
I
L
&
z
;
I
A
t
I
t
A
2525-
A
10-
10-
5-
5-
Social Class V a t Census
Social Class IV a t Census
400 -
GO0
600 -
400-
-
0
.r
c,
2
200-
ch
-'
z,
7
:
*
*
200
-
100
- -
-
T
7
7
100
100
m
o u
E m
-
m
a m
0
4
50-
50
-
eI
'
1
I
I
.r c
n
1
-++-4
.A
;
.T
0
*
.L
VI.r
25-
U
rn
A
S
m
5;
10
10-
* 55 i I
5-
,
,
,
I
,
I1
I I I N IIIM IV
V
Social Class a t b i r t h o f c h i l d
I
C o b s e r v e d number of t r a n s i t i o n s
*Standardised mobi 1i t y r a t i o
Printed in the UK for HMSO
Dd 738361 C11 3/85
=
ZExpected number o f t r a n s i t i o n s
x
T
100
+
Approximate 95%
confidence l i m i t s
&
91