ITU Standardization and its new Environment
Madrid, Spain, 12th December 2002
by
Houlin ZHAO
Director
Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)
International Telecommunication Union, Geneva
Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 730 5851
Fax: +41 22 730 5853
E-mail: tsbdir@itu.int
ITU Home page address: http://www.itu.int
TSB
1
1837
1844
Invention of the first electric telegraph
Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine
between Washington and Baltimore
1865
Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States
17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.
1876
Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone
1924
1925
1927
1932
Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)
Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)
Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)
Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to
International Telecommunication Union
1947
1956
1992
ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations
Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)
Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:
ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks
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2
Plenipotentiary
Conference
Council
Radiocommunication
Sector
Telecommunication
Standardization Sector
Development Sector
World/Regional
Conferences
Radiocommunication
Assembly
World
Telecommunication
Standardization
Assembly (WTSA)
World/Regional
Conferences
Radio Regulations
Board
Coordination
Committee
Study
Groups
Secretary-General
Deputy Secretary-General
Director
General Secretariat
Bureau
Advisory
Group
Study
Groups
Director
Advisory
Group
Bureau
Structure of the ITU
World Conferences
on International
Telecommunications
Study
Groups
Director
Advisory
Group
Bureau
TSB
3
•
mainly financed by Governments
•
work dominated by industry
•
procedures very efficient, no longer slow
•
seek effective cooperation with SDOs to share the work
•
should be open to emerging technologies
•
should be open to researchers / students
•
try to keep its pre-eminent status
Situation of ITU Standardization
TSB
4
CCITT
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
(International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee):
1st Plenary Assembly
2nd Plenary Assembly
Red Books
3rd Plenary Assembly
Blue Books
4th Plenary Assembly
White Books
5th Plenary Assembly
Green Books
1976
1980
1984
1988
6th Plenary Assembly
7th Plenary Assembly
8th Plenary Assembly
9th Plenary Assembly
Orange Books
Yellow Books
Red Books
Blue Books
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector):
1993 1st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki
1996 2nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva
2000 3rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal
CCITT and ITU-T
TSB
5
"The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector
shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to
telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this
Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions
and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to
standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis"
Functions of ITU-T
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6
WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY
TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION
ADVISORY GROUP
STUDY GROUP
- Workshop / forum
- Focus Group
- Joint Group
- Project team
STUDY GROUP
WORKING
PARTY
STUDY GROUP
WORKING
PARTY
WORKING
PARTY
R
R
R
R
R = RAPPORTEUR GROUP
Organizational Structure of ITU-T
TSB
7
Study Group 2:
Operational aspects of service provision, networks and
performance
Study Group 3:
Tariff and accounting principles including related
telecommunications economic and policy issues
Study Group 4:
Telecommunication management, including TMN
Study Group 5:
Protection against electromagnetic environment effects
Study Group 6:
Outside plant
Study Group 9:
Integrated broadband cable networks and television and
sound transmission
Study Group 11:
Signalling requirements and protocols
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
TSB
8
Study Group 12:
End-to-end transmission performance of networks
and terminals
Study Group 13:
Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their
internetworking
Study Group 15:
Optical and other transport networks
Study Group 16:
Multimedia services, systems and terminals
Study Group 17:
Data networks and telecommunication software
SSG:
IMT-2000 and Beyond
TSAG:
Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
(Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …)
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
TSB
9
4 weeks
3 months minimum
maximum
1 month
minimum
7 working days
SG
meeting
Consultation period
SG or WP
meeting
SG or WP
determination
Edited text
available
Chairman's
request
Text
distributed
Director's
announcement
SG
decision
Director's
notification
Director's request
Deadline for
Member States' replies
Approval of new and revised Recommendations Sequence of events (TAP)
TSB
10
(a)
3 weeks
4 weeks
LC
SG or
WP
Meeting
Edited
Text
for LC
Director’s
Announcement
and Posting
for LC
(b)
Director’s
Announcement
and Posting
(c)
(a)
(b)
Comment
Resolution
Edited
Text
Available
LC:
AR:
3 weeks
AR
Director’s
Announcement
and Posting
for AR
SG
Meeting
(b)
(a)
Approved
Director’s
Notification
Last Call
Additional Review
AAP Sequence of Events
(extract from Rec. A.8)
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11
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Questions (projects)
Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions,
temporary documents)
face-to-face meeting:
- debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions
- SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts
Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements
Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements)
draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendations
approved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations,
published Recommendations
Implementor’s Guides
Meeting reports
Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp
Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms
Working methods
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Series A
Organization of the work of the ITU-T
Series B
Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification
Series C
General telecommunication statistics
Series D
General tariff principles
Series E
Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation
and human factors
Series F
Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G
Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
Series H
Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I
Integrated services digital network
ITU-T Recommendations Series
(1)
TSB
13
Series J
Transmission of television, sound programme and other
multimedia signals
Series K
Protection against interference
Series L
Construction, installation and protection of cables and other
elements of outside plant
Series M
TMN and network maintenance: international transmission
systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits
Series N
Maintenance: international sound programme and television
transmission circuits
Series O
Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P
Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line
networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series
(2)
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14
Series Q
Switching and signalling
Series R
Telegraph transmission
Series S
Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T
Terminals for telematic services
Series U
Telegraph switching
Series V
Data communication over the telephone network
Series X
Data networks and open system communication
Series Y
Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects
Series Z
Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication
systems
ITU-T Recommendations Series
(3)
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15
2002 - Best selling texts (in the order of sales number as of 23/10/02):
G.703 (Pre Pub) G.707/Y.1322
G.711
G.783
G.652
G.957
X.509
G.709/Y.1331
H.263
H.323
G.826
G.726
T.6
G.704
G.709/Y.1331 Amdt 1 (Pre Pub)
G.723.1
G.825
G.655
G.813
T.4
Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations:
E.164
E.190
E.212
G.652
G.655
G.692
G.703
G.704
G.723 Annex A+disk
G.723.1
G.729+Annex A+disk
G.957
G.982
G.990-series (xDSL)
H.225.0
H.245
H.248
H.263
H.323
I.365
I.432
I.731
J.112
J.117
M.3010
M.3100
M.3400
Q.931
Q.1700-series (IMT-2000)
T.30
T.37
T.38
V.34
V.44
V.59
X.25
X.36
X.509
X.680-series (ASN.1)
Y.1310
Y.1540
G.711
G.720
G.780-series (SDH)
H.324
H.450
V.90
X.690
V.92
X.840-series
G.826
Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations
TSB
16
before
Approval
time
Publication
time
Notes: 1.
1988
4 years
2-4 years
1989-1993
1993-1996
1997-2000
2 years
18 months
9 months
2-9
(exceptional
case:
5 months)
months
6-12
months
3-9 months
2 years
1-1.5 year
2001-2004
Pre-published Recommendations, available on ITU-T Website, from a few days
to four weeks after approval of the text.
2.
Recs in force, pre-published, superseded/obsolete: available on ITU-T Website.
3.
Forms of publication: paper, CD-ROM, electronic bookshop, online, etc.
4.
FREE ONLINE ACCESS SINCE JANUARY 2001 (one free access per member,
3 free downloads for public)
5.
“Approval time” counted between “determination/consent” and final approval
Approval and publication time of
Recommendations
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17
Three major items:
-
IP-related issues
-
IMT-2000
-
Accounting rates
Other items:
-
Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), optical transmission,
security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities,
IPR, etc.
ITU-T's main work areas
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
7 kHz band
- wideband (G.722-series)

4 kHz band
- analogue

64 kbit/s
- PCM, G.711, 1972

32 kbit/s
- ADPCM, G.721, 1984

16 kbit/s
- G.728, 1992

8 kbit/s
- G.729, 1996

4 kbit/s
- G.4kbps
ITU-T’s work on voice coding
TSB
19

Classic facsimile
(G3, G4)
T.4, T.6

B/W still pictures
(JBIG)
T.82, T.83

Cont. tone colour
(JPEG)
T.81
(JPEG-LS)
T.86
(JPEG-2000)
T.800


(lossless)
ITU-T’s work on still picture coding
TSB
20

H.261
- video coding at n x 64 kbit/s

H.262
- generic video and audio coding

H.263
- video coding for low bit rates

H.264
- advanced video coding
in progress (= MPEG-4 Part 10)
(consent expected February 2003)
- improved multimedia video coding
ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding
TSB
21
622 Mbit/s
OPTICAL
ACCESS
50 Mbit/s
VDSL
25 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
HDSL/
ADSL
2 Mbit/s
640 kbit/s
ISDN
Analog
modems
128 kbit/s
9.6 kbit/s
56.6 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
1989
Year
1997
Access network
2000
TSB
22

Fully optical networks

Increased bit rates (up to 40 Gbit/s)

Use of multi-wavelength techniques DWDM

Use of optical amplifiers

Interoperability and interconnection

Submarine optically amplified DWDM

Access networks for new high speed services
ITU-T’s work on Optical networking
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23
 E.164 …
 G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728 (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL) …
 H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems) …
 I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM) …
 J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x + J.17x (IPCablecom) …
 M.3120 (CORBA for TMN) …
 Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC), Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2) …
 T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia conference) …
 V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92 (56 kbit/s) …
 X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx (Directory),
particularly X.509, X.68x/X.69x (ASN.1), X.8xx (security), X.9xx (ODP) …
 Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII
 Z.100 (SDL), Z.14x (TTCN), Z.3xx (MM languages) …
…
ITU-T’s products for IP-networks
TSB
24

Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums

Interworking functions to be used with existing
and evolving IMT-2000 systems

Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems

New Generation of mobile systems
ITU-T’s mobile communications
TSB
25

Quality of Service (QoS)

Numbering and routing

Security

Tariffs and Accounting rates

Interworking
Ensuring global interoperability
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26
01/2000
12/2001
difference
11/2002
difference
Administrations
189
189
-
189
-
ROAs
161
179
+ 18
179
-
SIOs
189
234
+ 45
224
- 10
Associates
-
30
+ 30
55
+ 25
Others
40
39
-1
35
-4
(Others: such as ISO, IEC, ISOC/IETF, INTELSAT, INMARSAT, EUTELSAT,
ETSI, CEPT…)
ITU-T Members
TSB
27
ROAs (87/1783)
Administrations (96/2208)
SIOs (167/1875)
U.S.A.
342
NTT
188
Lucent
166+58 +
China
232
FT
184
Ericsson
147+5+
Germany
187
BT
148
Siemens
136+17+
France
106
DT
134
Nortel
91+51+
Russia
99
ATT
77
Alcatel
35+23+40+18+
U.K.
95
KDDI
69
CSELT
69
Canada
63
Telecom Italia
65
NEC
47
Japan
63
Swisscom
65
Nokia
46
India
62
KT
59
Fujitsu
42
Ukraine
58
Telenor
58
Telecordia
36
Italy
56
Royal KPN
58
Motorola
27+8
Syria
53
Telia
46
OKI
32
Korea
50
Telekom Austria
37
ETRI
32
Total:
1466 (66%)
Total:
1188 (67%)
Total: 1126 (60%)
(Note – Cisco: 13)
Top Members participation (07/98-08/00)
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28
- ITU-T work is shared by Governments and Industry Members
(service providers and telecom equipment vendors)
- Individual Industry Memberships in ITU Sectors
- 13 out of 14 Study Group Chairmen (including TSAG) appointed
are from Sector Members
- Classic telecom members (to attract new IT Members)
- Director’s Informal Consultation meeting (with Industries)
known as “Martigny meetings”, twice: Feb. 2000 and Feb. 2001
- Key point of ITU Reform: Industry Members’ rights and duties
(partnership)
Industry Members’ role
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29
Note
Annual fee
(US$)
Budget
SDO
Membership fees
(25,000,000 $)
40,000,000 SFr
ITU-T
Minimum mandatory
Other optional
½ unit (31,500 SFr)
20,000
20,275,000 $
(21,909,000
Euros)
ETSI
Mandatory according to
turnover
45 units (5,000 Euros/unit)
211,050
IETF
Depending on
participation
350 $/500 $ per meeting per person,
3 meetings per year
1050/1500 x ?
Mandatory
$ 42,000 / $ 18, 000 / $ 10,000
standards free
42,000
Through national
members
Shared by national members
(five big members pay 9% of the
budget)
(individual
company up to
50,000)
1,200,000 $
ECMA
(18,300,000 $)
29,305,000 SFr
ISO
(11,900,000 $)
19,000,000 SFr
IEC
(4,456,200
Euros)
4,000,000 $
3GPP
Shared by 6 SDOs
Average
500,000/SDO
1,840,000 $
3GPP2
Shared by 5 SDOs
Average
360,000/SDO
W3C
Mandatory
IEEE
Mandatory
ATM
Mandatory + meeting fees
50,000 $ / 5,000 $, standards free
50,000
5,000
$ 14,000/5,000/3,500/1,500,
14,000+1,000/1,100 x?
$ 250/275 per meeting
4 meetings/year, standards free
(Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their members; such expenditures are not counted in the budget.)
2,870,000 $
Company’s dues to SDOs
(ITU-T Associates = US $ 6,000)
TSB
30
Intergovernment
NGOs
ITU
ISO, IEC
…..
(ITU-T and ITU-R)
Forums / Consortia / SDOs
1394TA
AMI-C
Bluetooth
CommerceNet
DHF
ECMA
EIDX
FCIA
GSM Assoc.
IEEE
IPv6
JECALS
LONMARK
MOPA
OIF
PHS MoU
SCTE
TINA-C
UMTS
Web 3D
3G.IP
3GPP
AOEMA
AOW
Cable Modems CBOP
CommerceNet J Committee T1
DISA
DOPG
ECOM
ECTF
EMA
EMF
FCIA-J
FIPA
HNF
Home API
IETF
IFIP
IrDA
ITS America
JEDIC
JEMA
MCPC
MDG.org
MPLS Forum MSF
OMG
OSGi
PICMG
PKI
SDL Forum
SDR
TM Forum
TOG
USBIF
UWCC
WfMC
WIN Forum
3GPP2
ARIB
CDG
COS
DSL Forum
EDIFICE
ERTICO
FRF
HomePNA
IFSA
ITS UK
JICSAP
MITF
MWIF
PCCA
POF
SSIPG
TSC
W3C
WLIF
AIM
ATM Forum
CIF
CPR
ECE
EDS
ETSI
FS-VDSL
HRFWG
IMTC
JAVA
JIMM
MMCF
OASIS
PCISIG
Salutation
STA
TTA
WAP
XTP Forum
AMF
BINTERMS
CII
CTFJ
ECHONET
EEMA
EWOS
FSAN
IDB Forum
IMWA
JCTEA
JMF
Mobile Web
ODVA
PCMCIA
SCF
TIA
TTC
WDF
………
ITU positioning
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31
•
ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC JTC 1
cooperation since the 1970s; common texts since 1992
WTSA-2000 Resolution 7, Recommendation A.23
Joint President Cooperation Group (JPCG)  World Standards
Cooperation (WSC)
•
IETF
ITU-T Member since 1995
MoU PSO, July 1999; provide secretarial support to PSO, since 08/01
Joint management team meetings in 11/99 and 08/01
•
ETSI
ITU-T Member since early 1990s
MoU cooperation in June 2000
•
ISO, IEC, UN/ECE
MoU on e-business in March 2000
•
GSC (Global Standards Collaboration): Since March 1994
TTA, TTC, ARIB, ETSI, T1, TIA, TSACC, ACIF, ITU
ITU-T coordination with SDOs
TSB
32
ITU Resolution 101 (Minneapolis, 1998):
“Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks”
ITU Resolution 102 (Minneapolis, 1998):
“Management of Internet domain names and addresses”
ITU-T Recommendation A.5 (01/98):
“Generic procedures for including references to documents
of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations”
Annex A: Information specific to ISOC/IETF documents
ITU Council-99 endorsed two actions (C99/51):
1. Participation by ITU-T in ICANN PSO
2. ITU Management of the .INT top level domain
ITU Resolutions and ITU-T
Recommendation conc. Internet
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33

Good cooperation between ITU-T and IETF started in 1997,
good results for T.37, T.38, H.248, etc.

ITU-T becomes one of the founding members for PSO
- MoU signed in Oslo, 14 July 1999
- take over the secretariat support for PSO since August 2001

My presentation at the IETF-45 Plenary warmly welcomed

Joint meeting of ITU-T SG Chairs and IETF Area Directors:
1st meeting: Washington, D.C., 7 November '99 (30 participants)
2nd meeting: London, 5 August 2001 (30 participants)

Joint meeting with IAB, London, 5 August (20 participants)
Cooperation with IETF/IAB
TSB
34

IETF protocol defined in RFC 2916

E.164 number can be used to look up a Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI)
- Web addresses most commonly known URIs

Allows using E.164 number in context of combined PSTN & IP
services (email, fax, SIP address, coordinates, other?)
For example:
+44 1206 762335  5.3.3.2.6.7.6.0.2.1.4.4.e164.TLD
What is ENUM?
TSB
35

Define and implement administrative procedures that
coordinate delegations of E.164 numbering resources
into the agreed DNS name servers

Director of TSB, on behalf of Administrations, to
control the implementation of ENUM under
e164.arpa on a trial basis, while the registering is
done by RIPE NCC
ITU-T Responsibilities regarding
ENUM
TSB
36
 President of ICANN call for reform in February 2002
 TSB Director conducted informal consultation with ITU
Members in March/April
 TSB Director presents a paper to ICANN on its reform,
offering to assist ICANN in certain areas
 ITU Council-2002 unanimously supported TSB Director’s
initiative
 Many contacts between ITU-T and the outside partners
concerned
 PP-02 Resolution 102
ICANN Reform
TSB
37
 ITU-T Rec. A. 4: communication with forums and consortia
 ITU-T Rec. A. 5: referencing documents of other organizations
in ITU-T Recommendations
 ITU-T Rec. A. 6: cooperation and exchange of information
with SDOs
 Invitation to the Informal Forum Summit by the Director of TSB
(December 3-4, 2001)
ITU-T Cooperation with
forums / consortia / SDOs
TSB
38
A.4
A.5
A.6
ASN.1 Consortium
ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)
ARIB
ATM Forum
ATM Forum
Committee T1
DSL Forum
Committee T1
CWTS
ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services)
CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group)
ECMA
FRF (Frame Relay Forum)
DSL Forum
ETSI
IMTC (Multimedia)
ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems
IEEE
IPDR Organization
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
JCTEA
IPv6 Forum
FRF
NIST
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
SCTE
MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum)
ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force)
TIA
OASIS
JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association)
TTA
OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum)
MPLS Forum
TTC
OMG (Object Management Group)
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
SDL Forum Society
OASIS
TM Forum (Tele Management Forum)
OIF
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
OMG
SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
TM Forum
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
W3C
Members for Rec. A.4, A.5
and A.6 relationship
TSB
39

Some forums become A.4 members of ITU-T

FS-VDSL Forum has become a Focus Group of ITU-T SG 16

Another Forum is considering to become a Focus Group of ITU-T

Home page connections for ITU-T and Forums/Consortia

ITU-T SG 16 management member be included in the Forum
leadership

New approaches…
TO COOPERATE and WORK TOGETHER!
New relationships between
Forums/Consortia and ITU-T
TSB
40
 “Consensus: after WTSA-2000, the ITU-T procedures are now
very streamlined and efficient so that any perception of slowness
can no longer be attributed to the ITU-T methods…”
 “fully recognized that Sector Members have a significant
leadership role in the ITU-T technical standardization activities…”
 “ITU-T is and should remain the unique worldwide venue for
industry and governments to work together in developing,
providing and promoting global consensus-based
telecommunication requirements and standards for the
Information Society”
 Welcome you in ITU-T!
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Industry Views on ITU-T
Martigny, February 2001
TSB
41