CHAPTER 2 - IDENTIFYING RIPARIAN AREAS CONTENTS
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2509.23_2 Page 1 of 7 CHAPTER 2 - IDENTIFYING RIPARIAN AREAS CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 - IDENTIFYING RIPARIAN AREAS .......................................................... 1 Contents ......................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 - RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS. .................................................................................... 2 2.11 - Indicator Plants. ............................................................................................................ 2 2.13 - Plant Communities. ...................................................................................................... 6 2.2 - FLOODPLAINS. ..................................................................................................... 7 2.3 - OTHER LANDS INCLUDED IN THE RIPARIAN AREA. ........................................ 7 Riparian areas comprise management zones. They combine the ecologic concerns of riparian ecosystems with the hydrologic concerns of floodplains and streamside slopes. Riparian areas (exhibit 1) include (FSM 2526): 1. All riparian ecosystems 2. All-100 year recurrence interval floodplains 3. All other lands within at least 100 horizontal feet of the annual high-water edge of perennial or interrupted water bodies. Exhibit 1 SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET FOR SECTION 2 - EXHIBIT 1 To help establish the boundaries of riparian areas, the following present guidelines for identifying each of their three components. . 2509.23_2 Page 2 of 7 2.1 - RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS. Riparian ecosystems are distinguished by the presence of free water within the common rooting depth of native perennial plants at least seasonally (10 percent of the time or more). Riparian ecosystems are normally associated with seeps, springs, streams, marshes, ponds, or lakes. They commonly comprise a mixture of water (aquatic) and land (phreatic) ecosystems (exhibit 1). "Free water" occurs from ground water saturation or concentration of downslope-moving subsurface water. Plants often reliably indicate this condition. In the absence of reliable indicator plants, use soil properties or plant communities. Exhibit 1 SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET FOR SECTION 2.1 - EXHIBIT 1 2.11 - Indicator Plants. Plants that require at least seasonally free water for all or part of their life cycle indicate a riparian ecosystem. Exhibit 1 lists some of these indicator plants. . 2509.23_2 Page 3 of 7 Exhibit 1 - SOME PLANTS THAT REQUIRE FREE OR UNBOUND WATER Medium-tall trees Symbol l/ Common Name Alnus oblongifolia Fraxinus pennsylvanica Juglans major Platanus wrightii Populus angustifolia Populus fremontii Salix amygdaloides Salix bonplandiana Salix gooddingii Alob Frpe Juma Plwr Poan3 Pofr2 Saam Sabo Sago Arizona alder velvet ash Arizona walnut Arizona sycamore norrowleaf cottonwood Fremont cottonwood peachleaf willow Bonpland willow black willow Acgr2 Acne Beoc Elan Saex Sala2 bigtooth maple boxelder water birch Russian olive coyote willow Pacific willow Al te Bagl Costl Fone Hymo Hysa Saar Sabe Sage Sagl Sair Sala3 Sani Sasu Sata Tach Tesex thinleaf alder seepwillow red-osier dogwood New Mexico olive mono burrobrush white burrobrush arctic willow beaked willow silver willow white willow blue-stem willow arroyo willow snow willow (willow) yewleaf willow saltcedar arrow weed Small trees Acer grandidentatum Acer negundo Betula occidentalis Eleagnus angustifolia Salix exigua Salix lasiandra Shrubs Alnus tenuifolia Baccharis glutinosa Cornus stolonifera Forestiera neomexicana Hymenoclea monogyra Hymenoclea salsola Salix arctica Salix. bebbiana Salix geyeriana Salix glauca Salix irrorata Salix lasiolepis Salix nivalis Salix subcoerulea Salix taxifolia Tamarix chinensis Tessaria sericea Vines Clematis ligusticifolia Vitis arizonica Clli2 Viar western virgins bower canyon grape . 2509.23_2 Page 4 of 7 Exhibit 1 -- continued Grasses and Grasslike Plants Symbol Common Name Alopecuris aequalis Calamagrostis canadensis Carex aquatilis Carex capitata Carex festivella Carex lanuginosa Carex nebraskensis Carex nova Carex rostrata Carex vesicaria Cyperus esculentus Deschampsia caespitosa Eleocharis acicularis Eleocharis macrostachya Equisetum spp. Glyceria spp. Juncus acuminatus Juncus balticus Muhlenbergia andina Puccinellia airoides Scirpus microcarpus Typha angustifolia Typha latifolia Alae Cacal Caaq Caca2 Cafe Cala Cane Cano Caro2 Cave Cyes Deca5 Elac Elma EQUI GLYC Juacx Juba Muan Puai Scmi Tyan Tyla shortawn foxtail bluejoint reedgrass water sedge (sedge) ovalhead sedge woolly sedge Nebraska sedge (sedge) beaked sedge inflated sedge chufa flat-sedge Tufted hairgrass needle spikerush creeping spikerush horestail mannagrass mud rush wire rush foxtail muhly alkali grass panicled bulrush narrowleaf cattail common cattail Adca Agst Aqch Atfi CALL Calel Caco2 Cial Cido Drfi Gea13 HABE Hesp Hyfo maidenhair fern roadside agrimony golden columbine lady fern water-starwort marshmarigold heartleaf bittercress enchanters nightshade waterhemlock shield fern yellow avens bog-orchid cowparsnip Southwestern St. Loca cardinalflower Forbs Adiantum capillus-veneris Agrimonia striata Aquilegia chrysantha Athyrium filix-femina Callitriche spp. Caltha leptosepala Cardamine cordifolia Circaea alpina Circuta douglasii Dryopteris filix-mas Geum aleppicum Habenaria spp. Heracleum sphondylium Hypericum formosum Johnswort Lobelia cardinalis . 2509.23_2 Page 5 of 7 Exhibit 1 -- continued Forbs (con't) Symbol Common Name Oxypolis fendleri Pedicularis groenlandica Polygonum aviculare Ranunculus hydrocharoides Rorripa nasturtium-aquaticum Rudbeckia laciniata Saxifraga arguta Saxifraga odontoloma Senecio triangularis Sidalcea neomexicana Trautvetteria grandis Trifolium wormskjoldii Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis Veratrum californicum Veronica peregrina Viola nephrophylla Oxfe Pegrl Poav Rahy Rona Rula Saar Saod Setr Sine Trgr Trwo Urdi Veca Vepe2 Vine Fendler cowbane elephanthead skunkroot aquatic crowfoot watercress cutleaf coneflower saxifrage brook saxifrage triangle-leaf groundsel check mallow bugbane (clover) stinging nettle California hellebore purslane speedwell wanderer violet l/ Symbols taken from National list of Scientific Plant Names (SCS-1971). Symbol combines the first two letters of the genus and species names. A number following the four letters indicates that more than one plant has the same four letters, the number makes them unique . An 'x' following the first four letters indicates the code is under review at the National level but is not yet official. If all four letters are capitals, it means only a genus name exists for the plant with no species named as yet. . 2509.23_2 Page 6 of 7 2.12 - Soil Properties. Soils having properties characteristic of at least seasonally free water indicate a riparian ecosystem. Such soils include organic "Peat-muck" soils (histosols), mottled or gleyed (aquic) soils, some stream-deposited (fluventic) soils, and some soils with thickened (cumulic) topsoils. 2.13 - Plant Communities. Plant communities distinctly taller or denser than surrounding upland communities and "free water associated" indicate a riparian ecosystem. "Free water associated" means that though the existing dominant plants do not require seasonally free water, they would be associated with plants that do require it (section 2.11, exhibit 1) if plant succession were to progress toward a climax community. Listed in Exhibit I are some important plants that commonly occur in such "free water associated" communities. EXHIBIT 1 SOME PLANTS THAT ARE COMMONLY "FREE WATER ASSOCIATED" Scientific Name Symbol Common Name Abies concolor Abies lasiocarpa Amorpha fruticosa Baccharis sarothroides Brickellia laciniata Celtis reticulata Chilopsis linearis Chrysothamnus nauseosus Cupressus arizonica Echinochloa crusgallii Fallugia paradoxa Olneya tesota Parthenocissus inserta Picea pungens Potentilla fruticosa Prosopis juliflora Prunus serotina Rhamnus betulaefolia Rhamnus californica Rhus glabra Sambucus spp. Sapindus drummondii Sporobolus airoides Sporobolus giganteus Toxicodendron radicans Abco Abla Amfrl Basal Brlax Cere2 Chli Chna Cuar Eccr Fapa Olte Pain2 Pipu Pofr4 Prju Prse Rhbe Rhca Rhgl SAMB Sadr Spai Spgi Tora white fir subalpine fir indigobush desert broom arroyo brickel bush netleaf hackberry desertwillow rubber rabbitbrush Arizona cypress barnyardgrass apacheplume ironwood thicket creeper blue spruce shrubby cinquefoil common mesquite black cherry birchleaf buckthorn coffeeberry smooth sumac elderberry western soapberry alkali sacaton giant dropseed common poison-ivy . 2509.23_2 Page 7 of 7 2.2 - FLOODPLAINS. Floodplains include, at a minimum, all areas subject to flooding at least once every 100 years (FSM 2527). For Forest planning, Flood Hazard Boundary Maps (FHBM) and Flood Insurance Maps (FIRM) produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency identify only major floodplains. Use topographic maps and aerial photos at a 1:24,000 or more detailed scale to identify all other significant floodplains (exhibit 1). Include all detectable flat valley bottoms (toeslope-to-toeslope) and all alluvial fans. For specific projects involving capital investment, determine 100-year flood levels to identify floodplains. Exhibit 1 SEE THE PAPER COPY OF THE MASTER SET FOR SECTION 2.2 - EXHIBIT 1 2.3 - OTHER LANDS INCLUDED IN THE RIPARIAN AREA. Regardless of riparian ecosystem or floodplain width, include all lands within at least 100 horizontal feet of the mean annual high-water edge of perennial or interrupted water bodies in the riparian area (FSM 2526). Section 3.34 contains definitions of perennial and interrupted water bodies. Where Forest resources or data are limited, identify major perennial and interrupted water bodies using maps of the State Water Resources Departments, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
