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John R. Davis,
Director, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
In August 1980, a special session of the
Oregon Legislature reduced state general fund appropriations for the Agricultural
Experiment Station by $1.5 million, result- ing in postponement of repairs and mainte- nance of facilities, of acquisition of scientific equipment and of investments in new re- search ventures. Although this reduction was restored by Gov. Atiyeh's recommended budget for 1981-83, a shortfall of state reve- nues forced the 1981 Legislature to cut $1.8 million from that 1981-83 budget. Since that time, additional reductions of about
$1.3 million have been made as it became obvious there would be further shortfalls in revenues.
The Agricultural Experiment Station has made every effort to absorb this $3.1 mil- lion reduction (about 15 percent of state general fund appropriations). We have con- solidated operations in the business office and in publications and information ser- vices and reduced or terminated positions as they became vacant. Major impacts of these actions, coupled with the continuing postponement of repairs and maintenance, have been discontinuance of research in critical areas such as food processing, nur- sery crops, pest management, forest soils and erosion control, chemicals in the envi- ronment, plant breeding and genetics, poul- try breeding, viticulture, water resource management, agricultural trade and devel- opment, and crop production research at four branch stations. These are all areas of significant importance to Oregon's econ- omy and to the future of agriculture in
Oregon.
The Agricultural Experiment Station has terminated some valuable programs and may have suffered from impaired quality in the remaining research activities. We have reduced our ability to respond to prob- lems and needs expressed by people through- out the state—all at a time when an invest- ment in agricultural research and in appli- cation of high technology to the state's ma- jor revenue-generating industry would reap high returns.
What does the governor's budget for
1983-85 propose to do for Oregon's agricul- tural research? First, if the budget is adopted as proposed, we should consider initiating programs in exciting, high priority research areas. These could include: new crops adapted to Oregon's climate and soils; plant genetics and breeding and use of high tech- nology in biological sciences; agricultural trade, especially international and domes- tic markets for Oregon products; Oregon's potential for continued growth in potato production, nursery crops and food process- ing systems. Not all of these areas can be developed, because we must achieve a bal- ance between new investments and mainte- nance of facilities and equipment. Obvi- ously, substantial study and input from all our advisory groups, a high degree of pri- ority-setting and tough decisions will be involved. Even with the governor's budget, difficult choices between initiating new pro- grams or sustaining current high priority programs must be made, for the governor's budget is a relatively conservative one aimed at sustaining the Experiment Station at the
July 1, 1982, level (requiring new ventures to be developed within existing resources).
Supporting the governor's recommended budget should be one of the imperatives for
Oregon's agricultural community and a goal for the 1983 Legislature as an investment in economic growth for Oregon. Funding at a level less than that proposed by Gov. Atiyeh could inhibit the use of high technology in the major industry in Oregon, could allow our competition for markets to get the jump on us, and certainly would impair our future. Further postponement of invest- ments in innovative new research, as well as maintenance and repair of current facili- ties in 1983-85, therefore, would be false economy, and all Oregonians would be losers.
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2

OREGON'S AGRICULTURAL
city/state
Richard Floyd, Editor
Experiment Station Communications
Dave King, Assistant Editor
Experiment Station Communications
Andy Duncan, Editor
Oregon's Agricultural Progress
Paula Dietrich, Designer
Oregon's Agricultural Progress
Cover; OSU food scientists have identified fermentation bacteria that will help the state's wine industry. Story on page 8 (Photo:
Andy Duncan).
Vol. 29, No. 4 Oregon*sAgHcu/(uro/Progress, a research report, is published by the Oergon Agricultural Experiment Station,
John R. Davis, Director. Send comments or questions to Editor,
Ads 416R, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Writ- ten material may be reprinted provided no endorsement of a commercial product is stated or implied. Please credit Oregon's
Agricultural Progress and Oregon State University. To simplify technical terminology, trade names of products or equipment sometimes are used. No endorsement of product names is in- tended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned.
That's right. There is no charge for Oregon's
Agricultural Progress. For a subscription, fill out this order form and mail it to: Editor,
Oregon's Agricultural Progress, AdS 416R, Ore- gon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.
*J
St

A little herd of cattle at Section 5, the headquarters near Burns for OSU's East- ern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, really got a charge out of roaming the range last winter.
The animals were surrounded by a port- able, electric "super fence" intended to force them to forage in a relatively small area.
The fence worked, fueling researchers' hopes that they have found a way to help eastern Oregon ranchers get out of the ex- pensive business of baling meadow hay as winter feed for range cattle.
The idea for the animals' confinement popped up last summer in a brainstorming session at the branch experiment station.
Scientists looking for ways to help ranchers cope with the hard economic times started wondering if they could make cattle eat unbaled meadow hay instead of waiting for baled hay to be served to them from trucks, as is customary.
The portable fence, they decided, was the key.
"It's called the New Zealand Electric
Fence, because that's where it was de- veloped, and it's a lot more effective than the old electric fences that make you tingle when you touch them," said Harley Turner, an animal scientist at the research facility.
"We run it off a 12-volt car battery. If you grab it, it'll knock you on the ground. But it won't electrocute a human or a cow be- cause it has a pulsating current.
"I'd say eastern Oregon cattle exist 90 percent in the winter, from mid-November to mid-April, on baled meadow hay. But the cost of baling keeps rising. It was up to
$30 a ton last winter and we figure you need two tons per head for a winter," said the researcher, explaining the economic justification for the experiment.
Turner and others tested two approaches over the winter. In some areas, they cut meadow grass and raked it into windrows.
In other areas, they left forage standing.
They used electric fences to enclose areas big enough for the 100-head herd, split into two groups, to feed for a week.Then they moved the fences.
"If you tried to put them in an area big enough to last all winter, they'd eat all the good stuff the first two months and really be hurting the rest of the winter. This way, they eat the good stuff the first three or four days, have a few lean days, and then move to a new spot," said Turner.
The winter's results make the system ap- pear promising.
"Of course, the real test will come when we breed the cows—the conception rates,"
Turner said. "But I'm confident the results will be good with the cattle that ate raked hay. I'm not so confident about the ones that ate the standing forage."
Cattle that ate raked hay were given no

Baling meadow hay as winter feed for range cattle like those on the oppotite page is becoming more costly. Right: Harley Turner, animal scien- tist at OSVi branch experiment station at Bums, examines an electric fence being tested to find out if it can force range cattle to forage for their own winter food (notice the closely cropped forage in the fenced area). Below right: Bob Baleigh, super- intendent of the Bums facility, inspects a 12-volt automobile battery that powers the fence. additional feed during the winter and came through in as good condition as cattle fed baled hay in the customary manner, said the researcher.
Cattle that ate standing forage were fed a supplement of one pound of cottonseed meal (about 40 percent protein) a day and were fed baled hay during three weeks in late December when a deep snow cover kept them from grazing.
"Their weight is down some, but if they have good conception rates, that may turn out to be the way to go," Turner said.
An obstacle to leaving forage standing is that the protein content of meadow plants drops dramatically if the plants are not cut and baled during their summer growth stage. The cutting is expensive, though.
Turner pointed out.
"You need an emergency feed supply with this sort of strip grazing system for the really harsh situations," he said. "But you'd be surprised how far down in soft snow cattle can go for food. The problem comes when snow melts and refreezes. The wind- rows seem to hold some heat so that doesn't happen."
Now the researchers plan to compare conception rates of cows used in the experi- ment with those of cows fed baled hay cut from the same area. Their continuing study also will include comparing the cost of the electric fence, and cottonseed meal, with the $30-a-ton cost of baled hay.
They are enthusiastic about the fence.
"A regular barbed wire fence costs about
$2,500 to $3,000 a mile to put up. This fence costs about $1,000 a mile," said
Turner. "It's just a couple of strands of wire and a few fiberglass posts. There's certainly a lot less labor in moving this fence once a week than in loading a trailer and pitching hay every day."
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Campers in Oregon's high Cascades may learn to spell relief from mosquito attacks with 13 letters: BRUCE ELDRIDGE.
Eldridge, the head of OSU's entomology department, is testing a bacterial insecticide that shows promise for controlling day- biting mosquitoes at campgrounds where pristine conditions discourage government officials from using traditional insecticides.
That type of mosquito, which breeds in snowmelt pools, has plagued campers at high elevations for decades.
In their most recent skirmish, Eldridge and the mosquito met last summer at Waldo
Lake 20 miles east of Oakridge. Hordes of the insect are so thick around three Waldo
Lake campgrounds during the camping season that usage drops to about 30 percent of capacity.
"Malathion, a conventional chemical insecticide, has been recommended for mos- quito control in that area but U.S. Forest
Service officials are reluctant to use such pesticides because Waldo Lake is a body of water of exceptional purity and clarity and
6 they do not want to risk contamination," said Eldridge.
The previous summer, Eldridge success- fully used the microbial insecticide, called
Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) to control evening and night-biting mosqui- toes in a western Oregon log pond. Other researchers also have found Bti highly effec- tive in mosquito control.
"We wanted to test Bti at Waldo because it is known to be highly toxic to mosquitoes and black flies but nontoxic to most other organisms," Eldridge said.
Also, Bti breaks down very quickly in the environment, reducing the chance of pollu- tion in undisturbed spots like the Waldo
Lake area, he added.
Bti is made up of bacterial spores that, once inside a mosquito, release a toxin that poisons the insect.
Because of their life cycle patterns, the
Cascades' day-biting mosquitoes are vul- nerable to insecticide spraying, Eldridge explained. Producing a single generation a year, the mosquitoes lay eggs in moist ground depressions. The eggs are extremely resistant to drying and cold. They winter under the snow. In the spring, when the snow begins to melt, the eggs hatch.
The adult mosquitoes live for only a few weeks and must have a meal of blood to produce eggs that assure future generations.
Their usual targets are deer and elk, but a passing human is welcome. They seek blood meals from mid-July to mid-August, for the most part, and so are worst as pests when camping is at its peak.
Eldridge and graduate students Joseph
Furnish, Dave Walter and George Hoff- man tested Bti at Waldo Lake for the U.S.
Forest Service, which manages the camp- grounds.
In early June, the Forest Service alerted the researchers that snow was beginning to melt at Waldo Lake. Their first trip to the

Left: Waldo Lake, in the Willamette Pan off High- way 58, it pristine. But in the summer the air at nearby campgrounds is thick with mosquitoes.
OSU entomologist Bruce Eldridge, below, thinks a bacterial insecticide he is testing may control the pesky insect without polluting the lake and its surroundings. Here, Eldridge spreads the insecti- cide near the lake with a backpack spray unit. lake was on June 16, when they traveled the last four miles by snowmobile. Later they were taken in by helicopter, and after
July 4 they were able to drive to the lake.
The researchers sampled water in snow- melt depressions and found mosquitoes, caddisflies, mayflies, dragonflies, aquatic bugs, aquatic beetles, midges and crane flies.
Using a backpack sprayer and a powder form of Bti mixed with water from Waldo
Lake, they sprayed all the water-filled de- pressions they could find in an area about one mile around one of the campgrounds.
Bti did the job. Sampling water in the depressions again, the researchers found
Eighty-seven percent of the 68 campers queried said mosquitoes in the area are troublesome, 26 percent said the problem was very severe, 60 percent said the prob- lem was moderate, and 13 percent said the problem was slight. Eighty-seven percent said mosquitoes should be controlled if there were no adverse impact on the environment.
Eldridge's war with the pests is not over.
The Forest Service wants more studies. The manufacturers of Bti want to know more.
And he wants to answer some questions, too.
"This summer, I'm planning additional research at Waldo Lake and a study in the
Lake Tahoe area in collaboration with Bob- ert Washino, an entomologist at the Univer- sity of California at Davis," the OSU scien- tist said.
"At Waldo Lake, one goal will be to measure carefully water temperatures and other weather conditions so we can relate them to the effectiveness of the insecticide," he said.
He also needs information on the flight range of day-biting mosquitoes.
"We want to know if we kill all the larvae in the immediate vicinity of camp- grounds by spraying, can we eliminate the mosquito problem in that area or is the flight range of the mosquitoes so great that they will quickly move into the control zone from other areas?" he said.
To get that information, the researchers plan to mark and release adult mosquitoes with a powdered dye to make their move- ments easier to monitor.
Another question about Bti is cost, al- though the insecticide itself is relatively inexpensive.
"We need to determine if it can be ap- plied by air or if it must be applied by hand. Labor and related expenses are the biggest cost with any mosquito control program," Eldridge said.
Bti shows potential for making life more pleasant for campers in a number of spots in the Oregon Cascades, the scientist noted.
"The campgrounds around Diamond
Lake are another possibility the Forest
Service has considered," he said.
■
that mosquitoes had been killed and the other organisms, which are not a nuisance to humans and are valuable links in the area's ecological chain, had not been harmed.
"We learned from the experiment that we can kill mosquitoes with Bti using rea- sonable doses," said Eldridge. "At this point, it seems that Bti, which is reasonably priced, is completely harmless to forms of aquatic life other than mosquitoes and black flies."
As part of their study, the Experiment
Station researchers distributed question- naires to campers at Waldo Lake asking if mosquitoes were troublesome and if the insects should be controlled.

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OSV mtcroinofogwt Bill Smuline, left, and food acienliit David Heatktrbett imped a bottle of
experimental wine produced in an OSU laboratory from Oregon grape*.
An anti-acid "pill" is making some of
Oregon's winemakers feel much better.
The pill, in this case, is special bacteria, found after a lengthy search in Oregon wineries, which can help in a second fer- mentation process used in about half of
Oregon's wine.
"All wines are made with yeast or pri- mary fermentation," said David Heather- bell, who directs OSU's wine research program. "A second fermentation, using malolactic bacteria, can be added if the winemaker wants to deacidify the wine or change its quality or character."
Malolactic bacteria fermentation (MLF) is used mainly in red wines but also can be used in whites like Oregon's Chardonnays.
The French think malolactic bacteria give desirable flavor character to reds and some whites. But most Germans don't use the process because they don't want to modify the flavor of their Rieselings and other white wines.
One of the problems Oregon winemakers face is a high acid level in their wines.
"Our wine industry is based primarily on
European grape varieties which have high acidity," said Heatherbell. "Our low tem- peratures also contribute to high acid in wine."
Most of wine's acidity is accounted for by two acids, tartaric and malic. Tartaric acid, always present in wine, is 49 to 90 percent of the total acidity. Malic acid is present in
concentrations between zero and 50 percent of total acidity. The rest of the acids comes from small amounts of a large number of organic acids.
As grapes ripen in warmer climates, their malic acid is metabolized and may disap- pear completely. But in some years in cool climates, the grapes do not reach the de- sired ripeness and are processed with high concentrations of acidity.
During the complex winemaldng process, malic acid can be converted into lactic acid and carbon dioxide by lactic acid bacteria.
This fermentation process, which occurs in all wine-growing areas, improves quality in three ways: by converting some of the acid into other substances, by stabilizing the wine biologically so fermentation will not take place in the bottle and by increas- ing the wine's flavor complexity.
"Many countries have isolated and identi- fied malolactic bacteria responsible for MLF in their countries," said Heatherbell.
He and Barney Watson, a research assis- tant who is working on a Ph.D degree, have been doing research to improve Ore- gon's wines since 1978. They knew that
Oregon's cool climate and the high acidity of the state's grapes meant problems for the wine industry, which grew from 12 winer- ies in 1976 to more than 40 today.
"We also knew that a few wineries were having good luck with fermentation bacte- ria from their own cellars, and that other wineries were buying fermentation bacteria, mostly from California," said Heatherbell.
In 1980, the winemaldng scientists be- gan talking to William E. Sandine, OSU microbiologist, who had helped the ched-
9

dar cheese industry by producing reliable bacterial cultures for fermentation.
Sandine and his graduate students in mi- crobiology are still members of the wine team.
"We used basic fundamentals of going to the environment to isolate the bacteria, looking for one that was doing the fermen- tation activity better than the others," said
Sandine. "We isolated more than 100 bac- teria and went through massive screening to come up with two that are decidely different but are unique in their low tem- perature tolerance and their high acid tolerance."
The two bacteria came from wineries which had not used commercially produced organisms, the Eyrie Vineyards, established
in 1966 in McMinnville, and Knudsen-
Erath, established in the early 1970s in
Dundee. The isolates were named Ey2d andErla.
Then the tests began, using the two se- lected bacteria in the fermentation process and comparing their abilities with commer- cially produced bacterial action.
First, there was a series of cellar trials on campus.
"Commercial strains don't like our cellar environment because of the low tempera- tures and the low pH (high acidity) of our wines," said Watson. "But in our trials,
Ey2d and Erla started the fermentation process quicker and finished it more rapidly."
Watson began making batches of Ey2d and Erla organisms, using a medium of frozen grape juice, diluted water and yeast nutrients.
"When we moved out to the winery cellars, we learned a lot more," said Watson.
"It was more difficult to get the bacteria to grow. Some cellars were colder. Some of the wines had too much sulfur dioxide which killed the bacteria and stopped fermenta- tion."
The researchers successfully tried Ey2d and Erla on red and white wines and had the most difficulty with the Chardonnays, which tend to have a high acid content.
In the fall of 1982, they used six wineries for more tests of Ey2d and Erla.
"We found we could inoculate the red wines during the yeast fermentation with- out problems and white wines if it was not too cold," said Watson. "If there was tem- perature control in the fall with white wines, the MLF would go to completion; otherwise, the fermentations were delayed until spring when the cellars warmed up," said Watson.
The processing of red wines takes about
18 to 24 months and the whites require only about 6 to 12 months. Then the wines are bottled and aged 3 to 9 months before going out to meet the public.
Sandine, with support from the Oregon
Table Wine Research Advisory Board, will continue his studies for two more years. He plans to stabilize the production of Ey2d and Erla bacteria so winemakers, like the cheesemakers, will have a reliable product to assure good fermentation. Nancy
Michaels, graduate student from Portland, will be in charge of this phase of the work.
"Since one of the strains is more acid tolerant than the other, which is more tem- perature tolerant, ideally we would like to combine the two into one and eventually may try genetic engineering to attempt this," said Sandine.
Heatherbell and Watson are working on two other aspects of wine. One is new methods to remove unstable proteins from wines, using enzymes, which could improve flavor and cut economic loss during proc- essing. The other major area is applying filtration technology to the clarification and preservation of juices and wines.
"The latter technology should be well adapted to small scale wineries and larger ones,"said Heatherbell. "We are working with grapes, wines and apples."
The first commercial plants in Washing- ton, using the new technology which
Heatherbell began in his native New Zea- land before joining the OSU faculty, are in operation and producing apple juice.
"The potential advantage is more eco- nomic processing with less flavor loss, par- ticularly in clarified grape juice for addi- tion to sweeter wines," said Heatherbell.
"We will be working with Oregon wineries this year and have just finished our pilot plant evaluations on campus."
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OS 17 researchers are studying which grape
varieties grow best in various parts of Oregon.
Here, horticulturist Porter Lombard checks cabernet sauvignon grapes growing at the
Alpine Vineyard in Benton County.
10

Oregon's winemaldng future? Sparkling.
That's the view of David Heatherbell,
OSU's winemaking expert, who has been working with the state's wineries since 1978.
"I see mostly growth ahead as more vines are planted in various areas of Oregon," said Heatherbell. "Some giants are looking at Oregon and like what they see."
A1981 survey showed there were approxi- mately 3,000 acres planted in wine grapes in Oregon.
"By next year, we believe there will be as much as 4,000 acres," said Heatherbell.
His work at OSU includes expanding re- search in juice products.
"We are trying to make OSU a national center for juice technology," said Heather- bell. "Oregon has some of the best fruit wines in the world and our high quality berries and fruit give the state a great potential."
He pointed out that a June 1984 interna- tional wine symposium in Eugene, spon- sored by OSU and the Oregon Wine
Growers Association, will give Oregon a boost in the wine world.
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Above: OSU retearcher Barney Watson tests tvine produced with secondary fermentation bacteria.
Sandine and Heatherbell, below, say the bacteria can help reduce the acidity of red and white
Oregon wine, when needed.
11

12
When Scott Lutz talks turkey, people listen.
That's because the graduate student in
OSU's fisheries and wildlife department spent two years stalking, trapping and track- ing a wild race of the birds in the Wasco
County area of northcentral Oregon.
Lutz, back on the OSU campus analyz- ing data he collected, studied the Merriam's wild turkey, a type released in Oregon about
20 years ago in an attempt to establish a population of wild turkeys not native to the state.
His research goals include providing gen- eral information about where and how the
Merriam's wild turkey lives that will help state wildlife officials manage the existing population and select sites for future re- leases of wild turkeys.
"We switched our focus from the origi- nal plan of a very intensive habitat study because the turkeys were much more mo- bile than we expected and the size of the study area was much more than expected," said Lutz, whose work is being supervised by Experiment Station researcher John
Crawford, an OSU wildlife professor.
The Merriam's wild turkey "is consid- ered to be the most numerous wild turkey resource in Oregon," said Lutz, noting that several other types of wild turkeys have been released in the state (see related article.
Page 13).
Aside from an annual hunting toll, which is not large, only two predators are known to be a major problem for the Merriam turkeys: coyotes and bobcats.
"But we found few male turkeys more than two years old," said Lutz. "We esti- mate 60 percent of the turkeys die annually."
The mortality rate for the Merriam's tur- key in Lutz's study area is higher than in
New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and west- em Texas, where the birds are native. Lutz and Crawford are not sure why but hope at least part of the answer lies in the data Lutz is analyzing.
"That is what we are doing now," Lutz said, "studying survivors and nonsurvivors and trying to determine the differences in habitat use and movements between them."
The turkey was named for C. Hart Mer- riam, a noted wildlife biologist of the last century. It had an ancestral range in the
Rocky Mountains from the Mexican border to Pike's Peak in Colorado.
The turkey had lived in Oregon since
1961 when 58 birds from Arizona, Colo- rado and New Mexico were released in three areas: 38 on the White River Wildlfe
Area in Wasco County, 13 at Garrison Butte east of the Metolius River in Jefferson
County and 7 on the Wenaha Wildlife
Management Area near Troy in Wallowa
County.
The results, particularly in Wasco
County, have been encouraging. The birds multiplied in Wasco County and extended
OSUfitheriet and wiUtife researcher Scott Lutz,
left, holds a Merriam'< unld turkey he trapped m
Wasco County. At the lower left it one of the (rap*
Lutz used to capture wild turkeys.
The wild turkey is not a native of Ore- gon— but it is no stranger either.
Three of six races of wild turkey now live in the state. They are the Merriam's turkey, the eastern turkey and the Rio Grande turkey. A fourth, the Florida turkey, lives in southern Florida and the other two sub- species are found in Mexico.
Oregon's turkey traffic began in 1899 when individuals released some birds. Be- tween 1926 and 1933, the state Game Com- mission raised and released 1,504 birds.
That program was discontinued because of poor results. Merriam's turkeys were first released in the state in 1961.
The largest population of Merriam's tur- keys in the state is in the Wasco County area, and other populations occur farther east. Several flocks of turkeys inhabit the
Roseburg area, originating from early re- leases. Other turkeys have been observed in the Coburg Hills in the Eugene area. A few birds may be left from a release of eastern turkeys on the lower Rogue River about 10 years ago and in other areas from earlier releases. The Oregon Fish and Wildlife De- partment recently released 27 Rio Grande turkeys in the South Umpqua drainage in the Roseburg area and 24 in a remote area southwest of Klamath Falls.
"Most of our recent releases are holding their own," said state wildlife officials. "In some areas, strayed domestic turkeys have mixed with wild turkeys and we don't really know how many 'wild turkeys' there are in the state. But we estimate there are about 2,000 to 2,500."
The wild turkey has earned the respect of Oregon hunters, who call it a crafty quarry.
Hunting is permitted in the Wasco
County area, parts of five northeastern
Oregon counties and one area in Jackson
County. The limited seasons have dif- ferent times but they begin April 4 and end May 2.
Each year, about 2,100 hunters apply for a turkey tag, according to Ralph Denney, staff biologist of the Oregon Fish and Wild- life Department. They send in $1 with an application.
If a hunter's name is drawn in a lottery, he is notified to return his application with
$2 and get a tag. Hunters can use only a shotgun; they can shoot only male turkeys.
"In 1982, we had 600 permits," said
Denney. "As usual, only about 30 turkeys were killed during the season."
■ their range over timbered areas from west of The Dalles south into the Warm Springs
Indian Reservation.
During Lutz's field study, he was based in Wamic in Wasco County and his study area was in the White River Wildlife area
(managed by the Oregon Department of
Fish and Wildlife), the Mount Hood Na- tional Forest and the Warm Springs Indian
Reservation.
"Merriam's turkeys are associated with ponderosa pine and oaks in mountainous terrain of the west, and the Wasco area has both plus sufficient water, another essen- tial ingredient," said Lutz.
"In the study area, they winter in a re- gion of Oregon white oak and ponderosa pine near wheat fields and disperse in the spring, moving to higher elevations to
Douglas-fir and grand firs," he said.
Lutz learned to trap the wild turkeys. then fitted 19 in 1981 and 46 in 1982 with radio transmitters so he could track them.
He marked other birds with colored wing tags to supplement the data from radio- tagged birds.
Most of the study birds wintered on the eastern edge of the game management area in five flocks, totaling about 300 birds. At dispersal, when it was time for courting
and mating, the large flocks broke up into smaller groups of eight to 10 birds.
Lutz found that birds walk when dispers- ing and tend to fly only when threatened.
Powerful in the air for short distances, they roost 80 to 120 feet from the ground, prefer- ring ponderosa pines. When dispersing, the birds commonly move three to 12 miles, but some birds disperse as far as 30 miles.
"Before our research, we suspected bird dispersal was limited by the geography of the land," said Lutz. "That is not the case at all; they readily cross major drainages and canyons."
The wild turkey, Lutz explained, is taller, rangier and more streamlined than the do- mesticated turkey and has a head about half the size of a tame turkey's head. Adult males weigh up to 20 pounds; hens are smaller, weighing up to II pounds.
Males have an iridescent tinge, few head feathers, a fleshy appearing bib and are brown, tan and black with white rump feathers. Hens are drab colored.
They eat new greenery of many plants, cereal grains from fields, acorns, seed heads and insects. They build their nests, where the hens lay up to 12 eggs, on the ground, often under old limbs or brush piles for protection.
When Lutz trapped the birds, mostly in winter, he recorded their age, sex, where trapped, noted their weight and physical condition and then released and attempted to monitor them.
He expects to have a lot more to talk turkey about next winter when he's fin- ished comparing his trapping and tracking data with his record of which birds lived and which died.
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13

When Northwest soft white wheat stoops, the value droops for millers and bakers as well as for growers, a three-year study shows.
In the study, otherwise healthy wheat that lodged, or fell to one side before harvest, yielded 23 percent less grain (that returned about $100 per acre less income to growers) than standing wheat in the same fields.
Also, grain from the lodged wheat weighed less, produced less flour per kernel, and produced flour with less desirable mill- ing and baking qualities.
The research was conducted by Vance
Pumphrey, an agronomist at OSlTs Colum- bia Basin Agricultural Research Center at
Pendleton, and G. L. Ruenthaler of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture's Western
Wheat Quality Lab at Washington State
University in Pullman.
Soft white wheat, popular for making pastry and noodles, is the type grown most in the Pacific Northwest.
According to Pumphrey, lodging not re- lated to disease occurs most frequently in intensively managed, sprinkler-irrigated soft white wheat in the Northwest. Under favor- able weather conditions, such wheat can produce so much vegetative material it be- comes top-heavy.
For the study, the OSU researcher gath- ered wheat samples just before harvest dur- ing three growing seasons. He took the samples from lodged and standing wheat in pivot-irrigated fields in north-central
Oregon.
The study underscores the importance of not overmanaging wheat, such as adding too much nitrogen fertilizer before the plants are well tillered (tillers are shoots that branch from the stem at the base of wheat leaves), the researcher said.
In milling tests, grain from lodged plants had a slower feeding rate into the mill, had a lower flour-to-bran ratio, contained more ash, produced flour that absorbed more water, and had a higher protein content.
All are desirable traits.
Cookies baked with flour from lodged wheat were consistently smaller than cook- ies baked with flour from standing wheat.
"Grain from lodged wheat produced an inferior baked product compared to grain from wheat that did not lodge," the re- searchers wrote in a report on their find- ings. I
14
OSU researchers have confirmed what a lot of Oregonians no doubt suspect: urban life has its advantages for deer.
"Basically, what we saw in the study is that black-tailed deer that live in a devel- oped area on the fringe of Corvallis have smaller home ranges than similar deer liv- ing in the nearby wilds," said Bruce Cob- lentz, OSU fisheries and wildlife professor.
"What that suggests is that housing cre- ates a mix of habitat so that the deer in the developed area don't have to roam as far to fulfill their needs," said Coblentz, who di- rected the study by graduate student Patty
Happe.
For the research, Happe put radio col- lars on black-tailed does living in a devel- oped area on the western edge of Corvallis, on does living in McDonald Forest, a nearby undeveloped area, and on does whose home ranges include parts of the forest and the developed area. The developed area has a maximum housing density of about one house per acre.
The incentives that make some deer risk living near humans are obvious, said
Coblentz.
"Everybody knows deer love to nibble on rose bushes and other ornamental shrubs.
There are fruit trees. Lawns make very, very succulent forage in the summer. Some
The second most damaging rabbit disease— enterotoxemia (severe diarrhea)
—can be prevented by adding a small amount of copper sulfate to the diet, stud- ies at OSU's Rabbit Research Center have shown.
Rabbit raisers frequently lose 10 to 20 percent of their young rabbits (4-8 weeks old) to enterotoxemia, says Nephi Patton,
Rabbit Research Center director. With cop- per sulfate added to the feed, losses are reduced to 3 percent, OSU researchers con- cluded from comparison studies.
Copper sulfate, used in small amounts in the rabbit diet to control enterotoxemia, is
"dirt cheap," Patton said. "It will only add a few extra dollars in cost per ton of rabbit feed."
The OSU trials with rabbits were prompted, Patton said, by the successful use in Great Britain of copper sulfate to produce weight gains in swine and poultry.
"The findings will help revolutionize rabbit management. Most of the big raisers of rabbits in Oregon already have adopted people have to put seven-foot fences around their gardens to keep the deer out," said the scientist.
Results of the study will help land use planners, he said.
"The data suggest that if you want to have more deer in a developed area you should provide islands of habitat and undis- turbed corridors that the deer can use to move from one type of habitat to another.
If you don't want deer, don't plan for the islands or travel lanes," he said.
The urban deer bed down in brush in the day and feed mostly at night, he said.
■ the practice of adding the small amounts of copper sulfate to the regular rabbit diet," he said.
Oregon rabbit raisers generally refer to the new diet as "the Richards formula," according to Patton. The name comes from the fact that OSU first formulated the new diet for Mrs. Erla Richards, a rabbit raiser in Independence, Oregon.
Copper sulfate is toxic to sheep, Patton said, but no toxicity problems have been found so far with rabbits, and some rabbits have been on the diet for more than a year.
"There are apparently no harmful side effects," said Patton.
Last year, the Rabbit Research Center announced the development of a Willamette strain of New Zealand white rabbit that is resistant to the most damaging disease of rabbits—pasteurellosis (snuffles). The res- piratory disease, which can cause pneu- monia, kills 10 to 15 percent of all commer- cially raised rabbits around the world each year. Total losses are calculated in the mil- lions of dollars.
■

Dairy goats—indiscriminate eaters like other goats—probably aren't going to poi- son humans by dining on tansy ragwort, a noxious weed, say OSU scientists.
"The bottom line, as far as I'm concerned, is that there appears to be no potential human health problem involving tansy and goat's milk," said Peter Cheeke, animal nutritionist.
People have wondered if poisons in tansy ragwort, a yellow-bloomed weed spread throughout western Oregon and other parts of the Northwest, could be transferred to humans in goat milk and cause health problems.
Oregonians who keep dairy goats, includ- ing a growing number interested in being self sufficient, drink the animals' milk with- out sending it through marketing channels where purity tests are done, Cheeke noted.
He and other Experiment Station re- searchers tested the idea that tansy poisons in goats' milk might harm humans by feed- ing dried, pelletized tansy ragwort to dairy goats, then giving the goats' milk to rats and calves.
The researchers found that tansy poisons
—called pyrrolizidine alkaloids—can be transferred in goat milk. But the poisons had a relatively minor impact on test animals.
"After we did everything we could to get a maximum amount of tansy into the
Want tomatoes to ripen in your garden before the neighbors have them in theirs?
OSU's Jim Baggett may be able to help.
The vegetable breeder is willing to give home gardeners, and persons interested in trial and breeding work, seeds from Ore- gon 11, a fast-ripening tomato he released last year and is still studying.
"Oregon 11 is early maturing because of early flowering and the ability to set fruit under cool conditions in western Oregon and similar areas," said Baggett. "It should be useful in providing ripe fruit before larger, higher quality varieties begin to ripen."
The bright red tomato is about half the size of many tomato varieties grown in
Oregon. The flavor is good, with slight sweetness and moderate acidity.
In OSU tests, Oregon 11 fruit was ready for picking in Corvallis about 60 days after transplanting on May 15—more than two goats— they didn't want to eat that much and we had to force-feed them—we found the milk had only minor effects on the rats and no effect on the calves," Cheeke said.
Rats fed an 80 percent diet of goat milk for 180 days developed a "slight degree" of tansy-related lesions on their livers. None of the rats died of liver damage, the re- searcher said.
"It's not a very likely scenario for humans," he said. "I feel it would be very unlikely for a person to consume that much milk for that long a time from a goat that had eaten such a high level of tansy."
Tansy ragwort causes considerable dam- age to cattle and horses in western Oregon each year. One reason for concern about goat milk was that goats can eat much more of the weed without dying than can dairy cattle.
"Also, dairy cattie are watched so closely that there's a lot less chance of them eating much tansy and, even if one herd did eat a lot, the milk would probably be pooled during marketing and diluted," Cheeke said.
Conducting the study with Cheeke were
Douglas Goeger, OSU food science gradu- ate student; Donald Buhler, OSU agricul- tural chemistry professor, and John Schmitz,
OSU veterinary medicine professor.
■ weeks sooner than several varieties popular with western Oregon gardeners, Baggett said.
The pedigree of the new tomato includes tomatoes from Greece, the Soviet Union,
Hawaii and other states.
Packets of Oregon 11 seed can be ob- tained by contacting Baggett at the
OSU horticulture department, Corvallis
97331.
■
Beef cattle ranchers are taking a risk when they implant growth hormones in their replacement heifers, a researcher at
OSU's Eastern Oregon Agricultural Re- search Center at Burns says.
"We've only finished two years of a four- year study. But I think the early results make it worth throwing up a warning flag," said animal scientist Harley Turner. "If you implant right after weaning, like some ranchers do, it looks like you're gonna have problems—lower reproduction rates."
Replacement heifers take the place of cows whose calf production has dropped because of age or some other factor. The aim of most ranchers is for their spring- born replacement heifers to reach sexual maturity and become pregnant at about 14 or 15 months of age so they have a calf when they are two, which fits into the herd's calving cycle. Turner explained.
However, weight is more important than age in determining when a heifer will reach sexual maturity, he said.
"Particularly out here in the high desert country, we have trouble getting animals up to the weight (600 to 650 pounds) they need to enter the reproductive cycle, so some ranchers give implants and feed addi- tives to all their heifers, figuring it'll speed their weight gains and help the ones they choose as replacement heifers start their reproductive cycle earlier," said Turner.
"Judging by our findings, I'd say you shouldn't implant any of your heifers right after weaning if some are going to be re- placement heifers," he said.
Turner's tests with calves weaned in Sep- tember at 5Vt months of age and given an implant a month later, and again in Janu- ary, suggest implants can cause irregular reproductive cycles that keep cows from getting pregnant.
"In two years, 93 percent of the heifers that didn't receive an implant got pregnant when they should, but only 64 percent of those getting an implant got pregnant," the researcher said.
"Studies of this have gone both ways in other states," he said. "But it appears to me to be risky. I feel very strongly that we have enough trouble getting these replacement heifers bred without throwing in another risk factor."
The scientist noted that studies have shown that implanting growth hormones in heifers nearing sexual maturity (weighing
500 to 550 pounds) has no effect on concep- tion rates.
■
15

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station scientists conduct a lot more research than
Oregon's Agricultural Progress has the space to report. Most readers know that. But some of you may not know of other Experi- ment Station publications available to Ore- gonians. The scientists write reports—called
Circulars of Information, Station Bulletins,
Technical Bulletins and Special Reports— about their research findings. Also, the sci- entists have reprints—palled Technical
Papers—of articles they write for scientific journals and papers they present at scien- tific meetings. Usually, Oregonians can ob- tain single copies of the circulars, bulletins, reports and reprints free.
Following is an index of publications that were printed in 1982. They are catego- rized by the departments of the OSU Col- lege of Agricultural Sciences and by branch experiment stations. Copies of Circulars of
Information, Technical Bulletins and Sta- tion Bulletins may be obtained by writing the OSU Bulletin Mailing Service, Indus- trial Building, OSU, Corvallis 97331. Cop- ies of Special Reports and reprints may be obtained by contacting the scientists who wrote them through the scientists' campus departments or branch experiment stations.
When requesting a publication, refer to the number preceding the title.
Crop Science
• CI693, Production of Subterranean Clover
Seed in Western Oregon.
Agricultural Engineering
• SB658, Evaluating Dairy Waste Management
Systems: Influence on Fecal Coliform Concentra- tion in Runoff.
Agricultural and Resource Economics
• SB657, Pooling Practices in Fruit, Vegetable, and Nut Processing.
Entomology
• SB653, Etiology and Epizootiology of
Chalkbrood in the Leaf cutting Bee, Megachile
rotundata (Fabricius), with Notes on Ascosphaera
Species.
• SB654, The Design and Function of Field
Domiciles and Incubators for Leaf cutting Bee
Management (Megachile rotundata (Fabricius)).
• SB656, Inhibition of Chalkbrood Spore
Germination in Vitro (Ascosphaera aggregate:
Ascosphaeral es).
Agricultural Experiment Station
• SR667, IMPACT: Contributions to the State's
Economy.
Agricultural and Resource Economics
• SR645, Economic and Policy Assessment of the Potential for Ethanol and Distillers' Feeds in
Oregon.
• SR647, An Econometric Model of Barley
Acreage Response to Changes in Prices and
Wheat Acreage in the Northwest.
• SR658, Land Application of Sewage Sludge in the Willamette Valley: Farm Operator Attitudes and Municipal Costs.
Animal Science
• SR659,1982 Progress Report. . . Beef Cattle and Profit Strategies.
Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center-
Hermiston
• SR 664, Irrigated Crop Research in Oregon's
Columbia Basin, 1982 Research Report.
Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center-
Pendleton
• SR646, Best Management Practices and
Water Quality Demonstration and Evaluation
Project, Five-County North Central Oregon
Area, October 77-April 81.
• SR661, Columbia Basin Agricultural Research.
Crop Science
• SR654, Results of the Eighth International
Winter X Spring Wheat Screening Nursery
(1980-1981).
• SR655, Cereal Breeding and Production
Symposium, Lima, Peru.
• SR666, Logical Climatological Data for
Oregon State University 1981 with Normals,
Means, and Extremes.
• SR668, Cereal Breeding and Production
Symposium in Tunis, Tunisia.
• SR670, Effects of Simulated Sulfuric and
Sulfur-Nitric Acid Rain on Crop Plants: Results of 1980 Crop Survey.
• SR672, The Impact of Proposition 13 in
California: Implications for Oregon and Meas- ure 3.
• SR674, Oregon Potato Variety Trials 1981.
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center-
Burns
• SR650, Mt. St. Helens Ash: Considerations of its Fallout on Rangelands
• SR653,1982 Progress Report . . . Research in
Beef Cattle Nutrition and Management.
• SR663,1982 Progress Report . . . Research in
Rangeland Management.
Fisheries and Wildlife
• SR644, A Bibliography of Oregon Mammology.
Horticulture
• SR652, Use of Polyethylene Mulch and Drip
Irrigation on Olympus Strawberries.
• SR665, Oregon Tree Fruit and Nut Research
Abstract 1980-1981.
Klamath Experiment Station-Klamath Falls
• SR656, Hay and Pasture Research in the
Klamath Basin, Oregon 1981: A Research
Progress Report.
• SR674, Oregon Potato Variety Trials 1981.
Malheur Experiment Station-Ontario
• SR660, Malheur Agricultural Experiment
Station Research Reports: 1982.
Poultry Science
• SR657, True Metabolizable Energy Values of
Some Poultry Feedstuffs Available in the Pacific
Northwest.
Agricultural and Resource Economics
• TB145, Quantified Evaluation for Decisions.
Entomology
• TB144, The Cerridae or Water Striders of
Oregon and Washington (Hemiptera:
Heteroptera)
Horticulture
• TB143, Fluoride Investigations at the Mid-
Columbia Experiment Station 1961-1979.
Mid-Columbia Experiment Station-Hood River
• TB143, Fluoride Investigations at the Mid-
Columbia Experiment Station 1961-1979.
Soil Science
• TB142, Effect of Temperature on Nutritional
Requirements of Plants.
Statistics
• TB143, Fluoride Investigations at the Mid-
Columbia Experiment Station 1961-1979.
Agricultural Chemistry
• 4918, "An Inexpensive Separatory Funnel for
Use in Small Centrifuges," R. R. Lowry, Journal of Chemical Education, Volume 57, page 675,
1980.
• 5331, "The Effect of Dietary Alfalfa of
Varying Saponin Content on Egg Cholesterol
Level and Layer Performance," H. Nakaue, R.
Lowry, G. Arscott and P. Cheeke, Poultry
Science, Volume 59, pages 2744-2748,1980.
• 5583, "Blood Selenium and Glutathione
Peroxidase Activity in Pregnant Women:
Comparative Assays in Primate and Other
Animals," ). A. Butler, P. D. Whanger and M. J.
Tripp, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
Volume 36, pages 15-23,1982.
• 5977, "Influence of Diet on the Effects of
Selenium in the Genesis of Mammory Tumors,"
P. D. Whanger, J. A. Schmitz and J. H. Exon,
Nutrition and Cancer, Volume 3, pages
240-248,1982.
16

• 6000, "Tissue Fatty Acid Changes and Tumor
Incidence in C3H Mice Ingesting Cottonseed
Oil," I. J. Tinsley, G. R. Wilson and R. R.
Lowry, Lipids, Volume 17, pages 115-117,
1982.
• 6189, "Rat Liver Metallothionein: Interac- tions of Silver, Zinc and Cadium," P. D.
Whanger and J. T. Deagen, Biological Trace
Elements Research, Volume 4, pages 199-210,
1982.
• 6300, "Uptake of Elemental Mercury Vapor by C, and C, Species," S. H. Du and S. C. Fang,
Environmental Experimental Botany, Volume
22, Number 4, pages 437-443,1982.
• 6335, "Synthesis of Nonachloro-4-phenoxy- phenol," J-A. B. Campbell, M. L. Deinzer, T.
L. Miller, D. C. Rohrer and P. E. Strong, Journal of Organic Chemistry, Volume 47, pages
4968-4970,1982.
• 6361, "Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Goat's Milk," M. L.
Deinzer, B. L. Arbogast, D. R. Buhler and P. R.
Cheeke, Analytical Chemistry, Volume 54, pages 1811-1814,1982.
• 6514, "Cytokinin-Auxin Balance in Crown
Gall Tumors is Regulated by Specific Loci in the
T-DNA," D. E.Akiyoshi and R. O. Morris,
Proceedings National Academy of Science,
Volume 80,1982.
Agricultural Engineering
• 5757, "Microbiological Profile of Pacific
Shrimp, Pandalus jordani. Stowed Under
Refrigerated Seawater Spray," J. S. Lee and E.
Kolbe, Marine Fisheries Review, Volume 44,
Number 3, pages 12-17, March 1982.
• 5862, "Machine vs. Hand Thinning of
Peaches," A. G. Berlage and R. D. Langmo,
Transactions of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Volume 25, Number 3, pages 538-543, May/June 1982.
• 5875, "Application of Penman Equation
Wind Function," R. H. Cuenca and M. T.
Nicholson, Journal of the Irrigation and
Drainage Division, American Society of Civil
Engineers, Volume 108, Number IR1, pages
13-23, March 1982.
• 5877, "Experimental Seed Combine," N. R.
Brandenberg and J. K. Park, Transactions of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
Volume 25, Number 3, pages 598-602, May/June
1982.
• 6135, "Performance of a Mechanical Apple
Harvester with Sorting Capability," Arnold G.
Berlage and R. D. Langmo, Transactions of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
Volume 25, pages 912-918, December 1982.
• 6227, "Modeling Temperature Requirements for Rust Development in Comus sericea L.," M.
J. English, K. Kobayashi and L. Fuchigami,
Journal of American Society for Horticultural
Science, Volume 107, Number 5, pages 914-918,
May 1982.
• 6312, "Designing for Deficit Irrigation," M. J.
English and G. S. Nuss, Journal of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, Volume 108,
Number IR2, pages 91-106, June 1982.
• 6337, "Slatted Floor Portable Shelter for
Lambing in Winter Rainfall Pastures," M. T.
Nicholson and M. L. Hellickson, Proceedings of the Second International Livestock Environ- ment Symposium, pages 101-108, April 1982.
Agricultural and Resource Economics
• 5724, "Portfolio Selection Under Exponential and Quadratic Utility," Steven Buccola, West- ern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume
7,pages43-51,Julyl982.
• 5736, "The Existence of Price Trends at
Livestock Auction Sales," Steven Buccola,
American Journal of Agricultural Economics,
Volume 64, pages 63-69, February 1982.
• 5866, "Specification of Bernoullian Utility
Function in Decision Analysis: A Comment,"
Steven Buccola, Agricultural Economics
Research, Volume 34, pages 19-21, January
1982.
• 5921, "Herbicide Introduction into a Mulch
Farming System in Costa Rica," Frank S.
Conklin, Thomas V. McCarty and Stanley F.
Miller, Crop Protection, Volume 1, pages
441-451,1982.
• 6207, "Growth and Residential Property
Taxes: A Model for Estimating Direct and
Indirect Population Impacts," Shepard C.
Buchanan and Bruce A. Weber, Land Economics,
Volume 58, pages 324-337, August 1982.
• 6272, "The Potential for Alberta Pork Exports to Western U.S. Markets: A Spatial Equilibrium
Model," Michael V. Martin, Louise M. Arthur and W. Robert Wilson, Canadian Journal of
Agricultural Economics, Volume 30, pages
201-208, July 1982.
• 6363, "Minimizing Mean Absolute Deviations to Exactly Solve Expected Utility Problems:
Comment," Steven Buccola, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 64, pages
789-791, November 1982.
Animal Science
• 5307, "Modeling of Beef Production Systems,"
J. M. Levine and W. Hohenboken, World
Animal Review, Volume 43, pages 33-40,1982.
• 5377, "Nutritional Evaluation of Feather and
Hair Meals as Protein Sources for Ruminants,"
D. C. Church, D. A. Daugherty and W. H.
Kennick, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 54, page 337,1982.
• 5432, "The Effect of Consumption of the
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Containing Plant Senecio
jacobaea on Iron and Copper Metabolism in the
Rat," D. R. Buhler, P. R. Cheeke, C. L.
Miranda and R. A. Swick, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Volume 10, pages
757-768,1982.
• 5667, "Effects of Monensin and Ryegrass
Straw on the Performance of Feedlot Lambs,"
A. A. Shqueir, D. L. Thomas and W. H.
Kennick, Canadian Journal of Animal Science,
Volume 62, page 207,1982.
• 5686, "Evaluation of Meadowfoam (Lim-
nanthesalha) Meal as a Feedstuff for Sheep,"
J. C. Throckmorton, P. R. Cheeke, D. C.
Church, D. W. Holtan and G. D. JoUiff,
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume
62, pages 513-520, June 1982.
• 5699, "Distribution of Progesterone in the
Uterus, Broad Ligament and Uterine Arteries of
Beef Cows," W. F. Pope, R. R. Maurer and F.
Stormshak, Anatomical Record, Volume 203, pages 245-250,1982.
• 5711, "The Effect of Ammoniation Treatment on Intake and Nutritive Value of Wheat Straw,"
R. Herrera-Saldana, D. C. Church and R. O.
Kellems, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 54, pages 603-608,1982.
• 5793, "Performance of Lactating Cows Fed
Alfalfa Hays Graded by Relative Feed Value
Systems," G. W. Tumbull, D. W. Claypool and
E.G. Dudley, Journal of Dairy Science, Volume
65, pages 1205-1211,1982.
• 5834, "Toxicity of Tansy Ragwort fSenedo
jacobaea) to Goats," D. E. Goeger, P. R.
Cheeke, J. A. Schmitz and D. R. Buhler,
American Journal of Veterinary Research,
Volume 43, pages 252-254,1982.
• 5855, "Modifications of Chronic Hepatotoxic- ity of Pyrrolizidine (Senecio) Alkaloids by
Butylated Hydroxyanisoleand Cysteine," C. L.
Miranda, D. R. Buhler, H. S. Ramsdell, P. R.
Cheeke and J. A. Schmitz, Toxicology Letters,
Volume 10, pages 177-182,1982.
• 5870, "Effects of Season and Breed of Sire on
Incidence of Estrus and Ovulation Rate in
Sheep," W. R. Lamberson and D. L. Thomas,
Journal of Animal Science, Volume 54, pages
533-539,1982.
• 5876, "Characterization of Cytoplasmic
Progesterone Receptors in the Bovine Endome- trium during Proestrus and Diestrus," M. B.
Zelinski, P. Noel, D. W. Weber, and F.
Stormshak, Journal of Animal Science, Volume
55, pages 376-383,1982.
• 5897 "Evaluation of Shrimp and King Crab
Processing Byproducts as Feed Supplements for
Mink," B. E. Watkins, J. Adair and J. E.
Oldfield, Journal of Animal Science, Volume
55, pages 578-589,1982.
• 5929, "Carcass and Meat Characteristics of
Flemish Giant New Zealand White Purebred and Terminal-Cross Rabbits," S. D. Lukefahr,
W. D. Hohenboken, P. R. Cheeke, M. N. Patton and W. H. Kennick, Journal of Animal Science,
Volume 54, pages 1169-1174,1982.
• 5946, "Effects of Prerigor Pressurization on the Emulsifying Capacity of Muscle Protein,"
E. A. Elgasim, W. H. Kennick, A. F.Anglemier,
E. A. Elkhalifa and M. Koohmaraie, Journal of
Food Science, Volume 47, page 861,1982.
• 5950, "Beef Cattle Breeding a la Jefferson,"
W. D. Hohenboken, Journal of Animal Science,
Volume 54, pages 667-679,1982.
• 5981, "Effects of Twin-Foster Calf Rearing and of Age at Weaning on Cow and Calf
Performance," J. G. Rosecrans, W. A. Nipper,
W. D. Hohenboken and D. W. Weber,
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume
62, pages 821-826,1982.
• 5992, "Intrauterine Migration of the Porcine
Embryo: Interaction of Embryo, Uterine
Flushings and Indomethacin on Myometrial
Function in Vitro," W. F. Pope, R. R. Maurer and F. Stormshak, Journal of Animal Science,
Volume 55, pages 1169-1178,1982.
• 6136, "Effects of Feeding Milk from Goats
Fed Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) to Rats and Calves," D. E. Goeger, P. R. Cheeke, J. A.
Schmitz and R. B. Buhler, American Journal of
Veterinary Research, Volume 43, pages
1631-1633,1982.
• 6138, "The Effects of Inbreeding in a Flock of
Hampshire Sheep," W. R. Lamberson, D. L.
Thomas and K. E. Rowe, Journal of Animal
Science, Volume 55, pages 780-786,1982.
• 6157, "Survival of Porcine Embryos After
Asynchronous Transfer," W. F. Pope, R. R.
Maurer and F. Stormshak, Proceedings, Society of Experimental Biological Medicine, Volume
171, pages 179-183,1982.
• 6202, "Intrauterine Migration of the Porcine
Embryo: Influence of Estradiol-I7B and
Histamine," W. F. Pope, R. R. Maurer and F.
Stormshak, Biology of Reproduction, Volume
27, pages 575-579,1982. .
• 6217, "True Metabolizable Energy Value of
Hydrolyzed Pacific Whiting as Determined with
Gelatin Capsules in Rooster," S. F. Bilgilk,
G. H. Arscott and R. O. Kellems, Nutrition
Reports International, Volume 24, pages
639-642,1982.
• 6284, "Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on
Meat Microstructure," E. A. Elgasim and W. H.
Kennick, International Journal of Food
Microstructure, Volume 1, pages 75-82,1982.
17

• 6325, "Toxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in
Sheep and Effects of Liver Enzymes," R. A.
Swick, P. R. Cheeke, C. L. Miranda and D. R.
Buhler, Proceedings, Western Section, Ameri- can Society of Animal Science, Volume 33, pages
67-70,1982.
• 6326, "Effect of Diet, Light and Breeding
Schedule on Rabbit Performance," D. J. Harris,
P. R. Cheeke and N. M. Patton, Proceedings,
Western Section, American Society of Animal
Science, Volume 33, pages 190-193,1982.
• 6328, "Metabolism of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Rabbits," R. A. Swick, P. R. Cheeke, N. M.
Patton and D. R. Buhler, Proceedings, Western
Section, American Society of Animal Science,
Volume 33, pages 344-347,1982.
• 6333, "Effect of Senecio jacobaea and
Molybdenum on Copper Accumulation in
Sheep," R. A. Swick, R. D. White and P. R.
Cheeke, Proceedings, Western Section, Ameri- can Society of Animal Science, Volume 33, pages
79-82,1982.
• 6345, "Effect of Dietary Buffers and Zeolite on Growth and Mortality of Weanling Rabbits,"
M. A. Grobner, D. J. Harris, P. R. Cheeke and
N. M. Patton, Proceedings, Western Section,
American Society of Animal Science, Volume
33, pages 340-343, 1982.
• 6350, "Mutagenic Reponses of Tansy Ragwort
Plant, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Metabolites in Coat Milk with the Salmonella/Mammalian
Microsome Mutagenicity Test," R. D. White, R.
H. Krumperman, P. R. Cheeke, M. L. Deinzer and D. L. Buhler, Proceedings, Western
Section, American Society of Animal Science,
Volume 33, pages 71-78,1982.
• 6353, "Mathematical Modeling of Crossbreed- ing in Beef Cattle. I. Evaluation of Decisions
Concerning Culling Criteria," S. E. Clarke, C.
T. Gaskins, W. D. Hohenboken and J. K.
Hillers, Proceedings, Western Section, Ameri- can Society of Animal Science, Volume 33, pages
377-380,1982.
• 6354, "Mathematical Modeling of Crossbreed- ing in Beef Cattle. II. Evaluation of Cow
Replacement Decisions When Mating Plan and
Breed Size Are Varied," S. E. Clarke, W. D.
Hohenboken and C. T. Gaskins, Proceedings,
Western Section, American Society of Animal
Science, Volume 33, pages 381-384,1982.
• 6361, "Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Goat's Milk," M. L.
Deinzer, B. L. Arbogast, D. R. Buhler and P. R.
Cheeke, Analytical Chemistry, Volume 54, pages 1811-1814,1982.
Botany and Plant Pathology
• 5828, "Interrelations Between Potato Virus X,
Verticillium dahliae and Collectotrichum
atramentrium in Potato," J. J. Goodell, M. L.
Powelson, T. C. Allen, Phytopathology, Vol- ume 72, pages 631-634,1982.
• 5851, "Distribution of Tobacco Rattle Virus and Potato Virus X in Leaves, Roots, and Fruits and/or Seeds in Naturally-infected Weeds,"
Thomas C. Allen, James R. Davis, American
Potato Journal, Volume 59, pages 149-153,
1982.
• 5857, "Incidence of the Lentil Strain of Pea
Seedborne Mosaic Virus as a Contaminant of
Lensculinaris Germ Plasm," R.O. Hampton,
Phytopathology, Volume 72, pages 695-698,
1982.
• 5910, "Effect of Low Temperature on
Survival of Apple Buds Infected with the
Powdery Mildew Fungus," R. A. Spotts, R. P.
Covey, and P. M. Chen, Hort Science,
Volume 16, pages 781-783,1981.
18
• 5915, "Dwarf Bunt of Wheat and its
Importance in International Wheat Trade,"
Edward J. Trione, Plant Disease, Volume 66, pages 1083-1088,1982.
• 5923, "Occurrence of Tomato and Tobacco
Ringspot Viruses and of Dagger and Other
Nematodes Associated with Cultivated High- bush Blueberries in Oregon," R. H. Converse,
D. C. Ramsdell, Plant Disease, Volume 66, pages 710-712,1982.
• 5944, "Control of Powdery Mildew on the
Greenhouse-grown Roses by Volatilization of
Fungicides," D. L. Coyier, J. J. Gallian, Plant
Disease, Volume 66, pages 842-844,1982.
• 5948, "Biological Control of Crown Gall with an Agrocin Mutant of Agrobacterium radio-
bacter," D. L. Cooksey, L. W. Moore,
Phytopathology, Volume 72, pages 919-921,
1982.
• 5953, "Active Sporangium Discharge by
Peronospora destructor, the Downy Mildew of
Onions," C. M. Leach, Phytopathology, Vol- ume 72, pages 881-885,1982.
• 5954, "Tolerance of Phytophthora megasperma
Isolates to Metalaxyl," R.M. Hunger, P. B.
Hamm, C. E. Homer, E. M. Hansen, Plant
Disease, Volume 66, pages 645-649,1982.
• 5969, "Witches' Broom Disease of Black
Raspberry in Oregon," R. H. Converse, R. C.
Clarke, P.W. Oman, Sr., CM. Milbrath, Plant
Disease, Volume 66, pages 949-951,1982.
• 5975, "High Frequency Spontaneous Muta- tions to Agrocin 84 Resistance in Agrobacterium
tumefaciensandA. rhizogenes,"D. A. Cooksey,
L. W. Moore, Physiological Plant Pathology,
Volume 20, pages 129-135,1982.
• 6010, "Sporangium Discharge in Peronospora
destructor: Influence of Humidity, Red-
Infrared Radiation and Vibration," C. M.
Leach, P. D. Hildegrand, J. C. Sutton,
Phytopathology, Volume 72, pages 1052-1056,
1982.
• 6216, "Control of Hop Downy Mildew with
Systemic Fungicides," Robert E. Hunger,
Chester E. Horner, Plant Disease, Volume 66, pages 1157-1159,1982.
• 6229, "Survey of Blueberry Virus Diseases in
Oregon," R. H. Converse, Oregon Horticultural
Society Proceedings, Volume 73, pages 152-153,
1982.
• 6304, "Reinfection of Virus-free Easter Lilies
Grown Among Virus-infected Easter Lilies,"
T. C. Allen, W. C. Anderson, A. N. Roberts,
L. Riddle, J. P. McMorran, The North Ameri- can Lily Society Yearbook, Volume 34, pages
25-27,1981.
Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center
• 5629, "Long-Term Cultivation Effects on
Hydraulic Properties of a Walla Walla Silt
Loam," R. R. Allmaras, Kathy Ward, C. L.
Douglas, L. G. Ekin, Soil and Tillage
Research, Volume 2, pages 265-279,1982.
• 5648, "Quantitative Characterization of
Vegetative Development in Small Cereal
Grains," Betty Klepper, R. W. Rickman, C. M.
Peterson, Agronomy Journal, Volume 74, pages
789-792, September/October 1982.
• 5665, "Tiller Development at the Coleoptilar
Node in Winter Wheat," Curt M. Peterson,
Betty Klepper, R. W. Rickman, Agronomy
Journal, Volume 74, pages 781-784, September/
October 1982.
Crop Science
• 5674, "Factors Determining Palatability of
Ryegrass to Cattle," A. O. Aderibigbe, D. C.
Church, R. V. Frakes, and R. G. Petersen,
Journal of Animal Science, Volume 54, pages
164-172,1982.
• 5686, "Evaluation of Meadowfoam (Lim-
nanthes alba) Meal as a Feedstuff for Sheep,"
J. C. Throckmorton, P. R. Cheeke, D. C.
Church, D. W. Holtan and G. D. Jolliff,
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Volume
62, pages 513-520, June 1982.
• 5689, "Leaf Anatomy and Stomatal Charac- teristics of Four Tall Fescue Selections Differing in Forage Yield," C. J. Cohen, D. O. Chilcote and R. V. Frakes, Crop Science, Volume 22, pages 704-708, July/August 1982.
• 5690, "Gas Exchange and Leaf Area
Characteristics of Four Tall Fescue Selections
Differing in Forage Yield," C. J. Cohen, D. O.
Chilcote and R. V. Frakes, Crop Science,
Volume 22, pages 709-711, July/August 1982.
• 5790, "Papaver bracteatum: Potential Com- mercial Source of Codeine," Majid Seddigh,
Gary D. Jolliff, Wheeler Calhoun and Jimmie
M. Crane, Economic Botany, Volume 36, page
433-441,1982.
• 5963, "Germination and Growth of Grasses and Legumes from Seeds Treated with Glyphosate and Paraquat," Luis G. Salazar and Arnold
Appleby, Weed Science, Volume 30, pages
235-237,1982.
• 5968, "Herbicidal Activity of Glyphosate in
Soil," Luis G. Salazar and Arnold P. Appleby,
Weed Science, Volume 30, pages 463-466,1982.
• 6187, "A Sensitive and Simple Assay of Starch
Synthase Activity with Pyruvate Kinase and
Luciferase," Te May Ching, Analytical Bio- chemistry, Volume 122, pages 139-143, 1982.
• 6226, "A Permanent Color Alternative to
Diazo 2x2 Slide Transparencies," Gary D. Jolliff and Calvin H. Pearson, Journal of Agronomic
Education, Volume 11, pages 58-59, 1982.
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center,
Bums (Squaw Butte)
• 5322, "Copper Supplementation of Young
Cattle Grazing Improved Meadow Pastures in
Southeastern Oregon," F. B. Comm, P.
H.Weswig, R. J. Raleigh, Journal of Range
Management, Volume 35, Number 4, pages
515-518, July 1982.
• 5465, "Meadow Forage Production as Influ- enced by Fertilization in a Dry Year," F. B.
Gomm, Journal of Range Management, Volume
35, Number 4, pages 477-479, July 1982.
• 5559, "Grazing Management of Crested
Wheatgrass Range for Yearling Steers," D. A.
Daugherty, C. M. Britton, H. A. Turner,
Journal of Range Management, Volume 35,
Number 3, pages 347-350, May 1982.
• 6263, "Comparison of Estradiol-17B and
Zearalanol on Rate of Cain in Steers on
Pasture," H. A.Turner, D. C. Young, Pro- ceedings, Western Section, American Society of
Animal Science, Volume 33, pages 171-173,
1982.
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center,
Union
• 5400, "Cattle Diets in the Blue Mountains of
Oregon, II. Forests," J. L. Holechek, M. Vavra,
J. Skovlin and W. C. Krueger, Journal of Range
Management, Volume 35, pages 239-242, 1982.
• 5402, "Cattle Diets in the Blue Mountains of
Oregon, I. Grasslands," J. L. Holechek, M.
Vavra, J. Skovlin and W. C. Krueger, Journal of
Range Management, Volume 35, pages 109-112,
1982.
• 5552, "Comparison of Micro and Macro-
Digestion Methods for Fiber Analysis," J. L.
Holechek and M. Vavra, Journal of Range
Management, Volume 35, pages 781-783,1982.
• 5637, "Forage Intake by Cattle on Forest and
Grassland Ranges," J. L. Holechek and M.
Vavra, Journal of Range Management, Volume
35, pages 737-741,1982.

• 6313, "Cattle Diet and Daily Gains on a
Mountain Riparian Meadow in Northeastern
Oregon," J. L. Holechek, M. Vavra and J.
Skovlin, Journal of Range Management, Vol- ume 35, pages 745-747,1982.
Entomology
• 5660, "Sex Attractant for Protagrotis obscura, a Pest of Grass Grown for Seed," J. A. Kamm,
L, M. McDonough, C. L. Smithhisler, Environ- mental Entomology, Volume 11, pages 118-120,
1982.
• 5705, "Effects of Synthetic 9-Oxodec-Trans-
2-Enoic Acid on the Foraging Activities of
Honey Rees," L. C. Youngs, M. Hurgett,
American Ree Journal, Volume 122, pages
773-775,1982.
• 5713, "Field Rioassay of Exo- and Endo-
Rrevicomin with Dendroctonus ponderosae in
LodgepolePine," LeeC. Ryker, J. A. Rudinsky,
Journal of Chemical Ecology, Volume 8, pages
701-707,1982.
• 5719, "Etiology and Symptomatology of
Chalkbrood in the Alfalfa Leafcutting Ree,
Megachilerotundata,"]. D. Vandenbert, W. P.
Stephen, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,
Volume 39, pages 133-137,1982.
• 5744, "Seasonal Flight of the Cranberry
Girdler Determined with Pheromone Traps,"
J. A. Kamm, L. M. McDonough, Journal of the
New York Entomological Society, Volume 90, pages 94-98,1982.
• 5772, "Invertebrates of the H. J. Andrews
Experimental Forest, Western Cascades, Ore- gon. II. An Annotated Checklist of Caddisflies
(Trichoptera)," N. H. Anderson, G. M. Cooper,
D. C. Denning, Research Note PNW-402,
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment
Station, Portland, OR, USDA Forest Service, page 16,1982.
• 5861, "Observations on the Plastron Mecha- nism of Hydrozetes sp. (Acari: Oribatida:
Hydrozetidae)," G. W. Krantz, G. T. Raker,
Acarologia, Volume 23, pages 273-277,1982.
• 5863, "Simulation Model of Post-Diapausing
Development in the Western Cherry Fruit Fly,"
M. T. AliNiazee, Environmental Entomology,
Volume 11, pages 471-474,1982.
• 5864, "Evaluation of 2 Thermal Summation
Models for Predicting Time of Emergence of
Western Cherry Fly Adults," S. R. Stark, M. T.
AliNiazee, Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ento- mologie. Volume 94, pages 401-407,1982.
• 5934, "Host Preferences of the Green Peach
Aphid, Myzues persicae (Hemiptera; Aphidi- dae)," Rarry Annis, Ralph E. Rerry, George
Tamaki, Environmental Entomology, Volume
11, pages 824-827,1982.
• 5955, "Regression Sampling Plan for Two- spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in
Oregon Peppermint," Craig S. Hollingsworth,
Ralph E. Rerry, Journal of Economic Ento- mology, Volume 75, pages 497-500,1982.
• 5969, "Witches' Rroom Disease of Rlack
Raspberry in Oregon," R. H. Converse, R. G.
Clarke, P. W. Oman, Sr., G. M. Milbrath, Plant
Disease, Volume 66, pages 949-951,1982.
• 5978, "Life History and Seasonal Develop- ment of the Western Winter Moth, Operophtera
occidentalis, in Western Oregon," J. C. Miller,
J. E. Cronhardt, Canadian Entomologist,
Volume 114, pages 629-636,1982.
• 5998, "Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Sex Pheromone: Field Tests," J. A. Kamm, L.
M. McDonough, R. D. Gustin, Environmental
Entomology, Volume 11, pages 917-919,1982.
• 6124, "Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var.
israelensis de Rarjac for Mosquito Control in a
Western Oregon Log Pond," R. F. Eldridge, J.
Callicrate, Mosquito News, Volume 42, pages
102-105,1982.
• 6145, "A New Species of Copidognathus
Trouessart (Acari: Actinedida: Halacaridae) from the Galapagos Rift," G. W. Kranz,
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Volume 60, pages
1728-1731,1982.
• 6149, "Effects of Spider Mite Injury on
Transpiration and Leaf Water Status in
Peppermint," Jack D. deAngelis, K. C. Larson,
Ralph E. Rerry, G. W. Krantz, Environmental
Entomology, Volume 11, pages 975-978,1982.
• 6197, "Descriptions, Synonymy and Sex
Associations in the Genus Eucerceris (Hyme- noptera; Philanthidae)," George R. Ferguson,
Journal of the New York Entomological Society,
Volume 90, pages 147-160,1982.
• 6211, "Effects of Canopy, Substrate Composi- tion,and Gradient on the Structure of Macro- invertebrate Communities in Cascade Range
Streams of Oregon," C. P. Hawkins, M.
L.Murphy, N. H. Anderson, Ecology, Volume
63, pages 1840-1855,1982.
• 6219, "Frontalin in the Male Mountain Pine
Reetle," Lee C. Ryker, L. M. Libbey, Journal of
Chemical Ecology, Volume 8, pages 1399-1409,
1982.
• 6220, "Diapause Development in the Western
Cherry Fruit Fly Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera:
Tephritidae)," J. R. VanKirk, M. T.AliNiazee,
Zeitschrift fur angewandte Entomologie,
Volume 93, pages 440-445,1982.
• 6239, "Life History of Insect Parasitoids
Involved in Successful Multiparasitism," J.
C. Miller, Oecologia, Volume 54, pages 8-9,
1982.
• 6388, "Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (LeConte)
(Col., Scolytidae): Aggregation by Primary
Attraction," Lee C. Ryker, P. T. Oester,
Zeitschrift fur angewandte Entomologie, Vol- ume 94, pages 377-382,1982.
• 6419, "A Survey of Invertebrates Associated with Wood Debris in Aquatic Habitats," T. D.
Dudley, N. H. Anderson, Melanderia, Volume
39, pages 1-21,1982.
• 6420, "Gut Content Analysis of Aquatic
Insects from Wood Substrates," C. R. D. Pereira,
N. H. Anderson, T. L. Dudley, Melanderia,
Volume 39, pages 23-33,1982.
• 6421, "Observations on the Life Histories and
Feeding of Cinygma integrum Eaton and
Ironodes nitidus (Eaton) (Ephemeroptera:
Heptageniidae)," C. R. D. Pereira, N. H.
Anderson, Melanderia, Volume 39, pages 35-45,
1982.
Family Resource Management
• 6268, "Rural Energy Conservation Reliefs in the Western Region," Lou A. Guthrie and Joann
Jones, Proceedings: The Impact of Energy
Policy and Technology on the Family, a
Symposium sponsored by the College of Home
Economics, The University of Tennessee,
August 4-6,1982, pages 132-141,1982.
Fisheries and Wildlife
• 5477, "Phenotypic Differences Among Stocks of Hatchery and Wild Coho Salmon, Oncor-
hynchus kisutch, in Oregon, Washington, and
California," R. C. Hjort, C. R. Schreck, Fishery
Rulletin, Volume 80, Number 1, pages 105-119,
1982.
• 5522, "Age Determination and Age-Specific
Reproduction in Belding's Ground Squirrels,"
D. R. Costain, R. J. Verts, Northwest Science,
Volume 56, Number 3, pages 230-235,1982.
• 5546, "Adaptive Management Based on
Structure of Fish Assemblages of Northern
Continental Shelf," A. V. Tyler, W. L. Gabriel and W. J. Overholtz, M. C. Mercer (ed.)
Multispecies Approaches to Fisheries Manage- ment Advice, Canadian Special Publication of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Volume 59, pages 149-156,1982.
• 5655, "Variation in Growth of Dover Soles and English Soles as Related to Upwelling," K.
F. Kreuz, A. V. Tyler, G. H. Kruseand R. L.
Demory, Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society, Volume III, pages 180-192,1982.
• 5684, "Habitat Use by Mallard Broods in
South Central North Dakota," L. G.Talent, G.
L. Krapu and R. L. Jarvis, Journal of Wildlife
Management, Volume 46, Number 3, pages
629-635,1982.
• 5768, "Desert Bighorn Sheep: Another View,"
M. C. Hansen, Wildlife Society Rulletin,
Volume 10, pages 133-140,1982.
• 5781, "Nesting Habitat of Coexisting Accipiter in Oregon," R. T. Reynolds, E. C. Meslow and
H. M. Wight, Journal of Wildlife Management,
Volume 46, Number 1, pages 124-138,1982.
• 5952, "Mephitismephitis,"]. Wade-Smith and R. J. Verts, Mammalian Species, Volume
173, pages 1-7,1982.
• 6127, "Influence of Forest and Rangeland
Management on Anadromous Fish Habitat in
Western North America: 12. Rehabilitating and
Enhancing Stream Habitat: Review and
Evaluation," J. D. Hall and C. O. Baker, USDA
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and
Range Experiment Station General Technical
Report PNW-138, page 29,1982.
• 6209, "Analysis of Logbooks for Recurrent
Multi-Species Effort Strategies," A. V. Tyler, E.
L. Reals and C. L. Smith, Proceedings of
International North Pacific Fishery Commission
Groundfish Conference, November 1981.
• 6213, "Assessment and Prediction of Effects of
Impacts on Fish and Wildlife Habitats: an
Overview," K. W. Cummins and R. Mattingly,
Environmental Protection Tenth Anniversary
Monograph, W. T. Mason (ed.) 600/8-82-022, pages 58-77,1982.
• 6228, "The Structure of Western Warbler
Assemblages: Ecomorphological Analysis of the
Rlack-Throated Gray and Hermit Warblers,"
M. L. Morrison, The Auk, Volume 99, pages
503-513,1982.
• 6237, "Factors Affecting Harvest of Sage
Grouse in Oregon," J. A. Crawford, The
Wildlife Society Rulletin, Volume 10, Number
4, pages 374-377,1982.
• 6256, "Management of Roosevelt Elk Habitat and Harvest," E. E. Starkey, D. S. deCalesta and G. W Witmer, North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Volume 47, pages 353-362,1982.
• 6271, "Habitat Use by Nesting and Roosting
Raid Eagles in the Pacific Northwest," R. G.
Anthony, R. L. Knight, G. T. Allen, B. R.
McClelland and J. I Hodges, Transactions of the
North American Wildlife Natural Resource
Conference, Volume 47, pages 332-342,1982.
• 6359, "Temperature Effects on Hepatic
Elimination of Phenolphthalein by Steelhead
Trout," L. R. Curtis, Pharmacologist, Volume
24, page 208,1982.
• 6441, "Reproduction of Feral Goats on Santa
Catalina Island, California," R. E, Coblentz,
Rulletin of the Southern California Academy of
Sciences, Volume 81, Number 3, pages 128-137,
1982.
19

• 6501, "Spotted Owl Research and Manage- ment in the Pacific Northwest," E. D. Forsman,
K. M. Horn and W. A. Neitro, Proceedings of the North American Wildlife and Natural
Resources Conference, Volume 47, pages
323-331,1982.
Food Science and Technology
• 5640, "Effects of Dietary Aroclor 1254 and
Cydopropene Fatty Acids on Hepatic Enzymes in Rainbow Trout," S. D. Voss, D. W. Shelton and }. D. Hendricks, Archives of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology, Volume 11, pages 87-91,1982.
• 5757, "Microbiological Profile of Pacific
Shrimp (Pandalux jordani) Stowed Under
Refrigerated Seawater Spray," ]. S. Lee and E.
Kolbe, Marine Fisheries Review, Volume 44,
Number 3, pages 12-17,1982.
• 5763, "Sugars and Acid Analysis and Effect of
Heating on Color Stability of Northwest
Concord Grape Juice," M. W. Montgomery, F.
G. R. Reyes, C. Comwell and D. V. Beavers,
Journal of Food Science, Volume 47, page 1883,
1982.
• 5771, "Liver DNA Bound in Vivo with
Aflatoxin B,, as a Measure of Hepatocarcinoma
Initiation in Rainbow Trout," M. Whitham, J.
E. Nixon and R. O. Sinnhuber, Journal of the
National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, pages
623-628,1981.
• 5780, "Chemical Carcinogenesis in Fish," J.
D. Hendricks, Aquatic Toxicology, pages
149-211,1982.
• 5821, "Inhibition of Escherichia coli Trimen- thylamine-N-Oxide Reductase by Food Preser- vatives,"M. Kruck and J. S. Lee, Journal of
Food Protection, Volume 45, pages 241-243,
248, February 1982.
• 5898, "The Effect of Sucrose Addition on the
Sugar and Sorbitol Composition of Frozen
Cherries and Their Derived Concentrates," C.
Comwell, R. E. Wrolstad, F. G. R. Reyes,
Journal of Food Protection, Volume 47, pages
281-283,1982.
• 5900, "Maillard Browning Reaction of Sugar-
Glycine Model Systems—Changes in Sugar
Concentration, Color and Appearance," F. G.
R. Reyes, B. Poocharoen, R. E. Wrolstad,
Journal of Food Science, Volume 47, pages
1376-1377,1982.
• 5903, "Sugar Composition of High Sugar
(Shurnken) and Normal Sweet Corn, and its
Correlation with Sensory Flavor Quality," F. G.
R. Reyes, G. W. Varseveld and M. C. Kuhn,
Journal of Food Science, Volume 47, Number 3, pages 753-755,1982.
• 5907, "Comparison of Enzymic, GLC and
HPLC Methods on the Analyses of Sugars and
Organic Acids from Strawberry Fruit," F. G. R.
Reyes, F. E. Wrolstad and C. J. Comwell,
Journal, Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, Volume 65, pages 126-131,1982.
• 5909, "Response of Bush Snap Beans (Paseolus
vulgaris) to Irrigation and Plant Density, H. J.
Mack and C. W. Varseveld, Journal of
American Society of Horticultural Science,
Volume 107, Number 2, pages 286-290,1982.
• 5922, "Acceptability of Potassium Chloride as a Salt Substitute in Bread," C. J. Wyatt and K.
M. Ronan, Journal of Food Science, Volume 47, page 672,1981.
• 5991, "Effect of Fiber on Iron Bioavailabillty from Com Tortilla and Cooked Beans," S.
Garcia-Lopez and C. J. Wyatt, Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Volume 30, pages 724-727,1982.
• 6020, "Mechanisms of Dietary Modification of Aflatoxin Bi Carcinogenesis," G. Bailey, M.
Taylor, D. Selivonchick, T. Eisele, J. Hendricks,
J. Nixon, N. Pawlosld, and R. Sinnhuber, in
Genetic Toxicology, edited by Raymond A.
Fleck and Alexander Hollander, Plenum
Publications Corporation, pages 149-164,
1982.
• 6121, "Nitrosation of N-methyltyramine and
N-Methyl-3-aminomethylindole, Two Barley
Malt Alkaloids, M. M. Mangino, L. M. Libbey and R. A. Scanlan, Analysis and Formation of
N-Nitroso Compounds, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Scientific Publication
No. 41, page 57-69,1982.
• 6154, "Effect of Cyclopropeniod Fatty Acids on the Hepatic Microsomal Mixed-Function-
Oxidase System and Aflatoxin Metabolism in
Rabbits," T. A. Eisele, P. M. Loveland, D. L.
Kruk, T. R. Meyers, R. O. Sinnhuber and J. E.
Nixon, Food Chemical Toxicology, Volume 20, pages 407-412,1982.
• 6163, "Aflatoxin B, Metabolism and DNA
Binding in Isolated Hepatocytes from Rainbow
Trout (Salmo gairdneri),"G. S. Bailey, M. J.
Taylor and D. P. Selivonchick, Carcinogenesis,
Volume 3, Number 5, pages 511-518,1982.
• 6219, "Frontalin in the Male Mountain Pine
Beede," L. C. Ryker and L. M. Libbey, Journal of Chemical Ecology, Volume 8, Number 11, pages 1399-1409,1982.
• 6225, "Formation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Direct-Fire Dried Malt," M. M. Mangino and
R. A. Scanlan, Journal of American Society of
Brewing Chemists, Volume 40, page 92,1982.
• 6234, "Proceedings of the Symposium on
Technological Problems of Fruit Juice Concen- trates," edited by A. F. Badenhop,
Proceedings published by Oregon State
University, 126 pages, 1982.
• 6246, "Detection of Adulteration in Black- berry Juice Concentrates and Wines by Sugar,
Sorbitol, Nonvolatile Acid and Pigment
Analyses," R. E. Wrolstad, J. D. Culbertson, C.
J. Comwell and L. R. Mattick, Journal,
Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
Volume 65, pages 1417-1423,1982.
• 6302, "Comparative Mutagenicity of Aflatox- ins Using a Salmonella Trout Hepatic Enzyme
Activation System," R. A. Coulombe, D. W.
Shelton, R. O. Sinnhuber and J. E. Nixon,
Carcinogenesis, Volume 3, pages 1261-1264,
1982.
• 6349, "Occurrence and Survival of Campylo-
bacter jejuni in Milk and Turkey," C. Jane
Wyatt and E. M. Timm, Journal of Food
Protection, Volume 45, Number 13, pages
I2I8-I220,1982.
Foods and Nutrition
• 5324, "Effect of High Dose Ascorbic Acid on
Vitamin B-6 Metabolism," Terry D. Shultz,
James E. Leklem, The American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, Volume 35, Number 6, pages
1400-1407,1982.
• 5798, "pH of Oregon-Grown Figs and Their
Acidification for Home-Canning," Margy
Woodbum, Journal of Food Protection, Volume
45, Number 13,1982.
• 5916, "Effect of Heating Time of Soybean on
Vitamin B-6 and Folacin Retention, Trypsin
Inhibitor Activity, and Microstmcture Changes,"
U. Soetrisno, Z. A. Holmes, L. T. Miller,
Journal of Food Science, Volume 47, Number 2, pages530-534,537,1982.
• 5958, "Contamination and Growth of fioctffos
cereus and Colstridium perfringens in Mexican-
Style Beans," Susan Nester, Margy Woodbum,
Journal of Food Protection, Volume 45, Number
7, pages 638-642,1982.
Horticulture
• 5759, "The Relationship of Impedance Ratios and Stem Moisture Content to Vegetative
Maturity and Dormancy in Red-osier Dogwood,"
K. A. Timmis, L. H. Fuchigami, Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science,
Volume 107, pages 888-890, September 1982.
• 5858, "Vegetative Growth Responses of
'Olympus' Strawberry to Polyethylene Mulch and Drip Irrigation Regimes," A. Richard
Renquist, Patrick J. Breen, Lloyd W. Martin,
Journal of the American Society for Horticul- tural Science, Volume 107, pages 369-372, May
1982.
• 5859, "Effect of Polyethylene Mulch and
Summer Irrigation Regimes on Subsequent
Flowering and Fruiting of 'Olympus' Straw- berry," A. Richard Renquist, Patrick J. Breen,
Lloyd W. Martin, Journal of the American
Society for Horticultural Science, Volume 107, pages 373-376, May 1982.
• 5883, "Effect of Black Polyethylene Mulch on
Strawberry Leaf Elongation and Diurnal Leaf
Water Potential," A. Richard Renquist, Patrick
J. Breen, Lloyd W.Martin, Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science,
Volume 107, pages 640-643, July 1982.
• 5896, "Movement and Distribution of u
C-indole-3-acetic Acid in Branches and
Rooted Cuttings of Douglas-fir," C. J. Starbuck,
A. N. Roberts, PhysiologiaPlantarum, Volume
55, pages 389-394.
• 5909, "Response of Bush Snap Beans (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) to Irrigation and Plant Density," H.
J. Mack, G. W. Varseveld, Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science,
Volume 107, pages 286-290, March 1982.
• 5937, "Stomatal Functioning of Aseptically
Cultured Apple Leaves in Darkness, Mannitol,
ABA, and COs" Kim E. Brainered, Leslie H.
Fuchigami, Journal of Experimental Botany,
Volume 33, pages 388-392, June 1982.
• 5938, "Influences of Water Status and
Temperature on Leaf Elongation in Strawberry,"
A. Richard Renquist, Patrick J. Breen, Lloyd W.
Martin, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 18, pages 77-85, December 1982.
• 5941, "Cytokinin Activity of N-phenyl-N'
-I,2,3-thiaiazol-5-ylurea (Thidiazuron)," M. C.
Mok, D. W. S. Mok, D. J. Armstrong, K. Shudo,
Y. Isogai, T. Okamoto, Phytochemistry, Vol- ume 21, pages 1509-1511,1982.
• 5956, "Stomatal Behavior and Leaf Water
Status of Strawberry in Different Growth
Environments," A. Richard Renquist, Patrick J.
Breen, Lloyd W. Martin, Scientia Horticulturae,
Volume 18, pages 101-110, January 1983.
• 5959, "The Effect of Photoperiod-Induced
Flowering on the Nutrient Content of Pea
Shoots," William M. Proebsting, Michael H.
Chaplin, Journal of Plant Nutrition, Volume 4, pages 419-429, October 1981.
• 5971, "Oregon 43 Green Bean," J. R. Baggett,
W. A. Frazier, G. W. Varseveld, HortScience,
Volume 17, pages 95-96, February 1982.
• 5972, "Oregon 55 Green Bean," J. R. Baggett,
W. A. Frazier, G. W. Varseveld, HortScience,
Volume 17, page 96, February 1982.
• 5973, "Oregon 605 Pea," J. R. Baggett,
HortScience, Volume 17, pages 94-95, February
1982.
• 5974, "Oregon Sugarpod II Edible Pod Pea,"
J. R. Baggett, HortScience, Volume 17, pages
93-94, February 1982.
• 5982, "The Hot-Callusing Pipe—A Grafting
Aid," H. B. Lagerstedt, Annual Report,
Northern Nut Growers Association, Volume 72, pages 27-33,1981.

• 6122, "A Rapid Method to Estimate Fruit
Water Status with Special Reference to Rain
Cracking of Sweet Cherries," Peter C. Andersen,
Daryl G. Richardson, Journal of the American
Society for Horticultural Science, Volume 107, pages 441-444, May 1982.
• 6132, "Cold Hardiness and Stress Research—An
Evolving Agricultural Science," C. J. Weiser, in: Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress,
Mechanisms and Crop Implications, P. H. Li and A. Sakai, editors. Academic Press, New
York, Volume 2, pages 1-3,1982.
• 6152, "Embryo Development in Reciprocal
Crosses ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. and P. coccineus
Lam.," C T. Shii, A. Rabakoarihanta, M. C.
Mok, D. W. S. Mok, Theoretical and Applied
Genetics, Volume 62, pages 59-64,1982.
• 6194, "Cytokinin Structure-Activity Relation- ships and the Metabolism of N e
-(i
2
-isopentenyl) adenosine-8-
M
C in Phaseolus Callus Tissues,"
M. C. Mok, D. W. S. Mok, S. C. Dixon, D. J.
Armstrong, G. Shaw, Plant Physiology, Volume
70, pages 173-178,1982.
• 6223, "Maintenance of Clonal Plant Germ- plasm," O. L. Jahn, M. N. Westwood,
HortScience, Volume 17, page 122, April 1982.
• 6227, "Modeling Temperature Requirements for Rest Development in Comus sericea L.,"
Kent D. Kobayashi, Leslie H. Fuchigami,
Marshall J. English, Journal of the American
Society for Horticultural Science, Volume 107, pages 914-918, September 1982.
• 6230, "A Degree Growth Stage (
0
GS) Model and Cold Acclimation in Temperature of Woody
Plants," L. H. Fuchigami, C. J. Weiser,
K. Kobayashi, R. Timmis, L. V. Gusta, in:
Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress,
Mechanisms and Crop Implications, P. H. Li and A. Sakai, editors. Academic Press, New
York, Volume 2, pages 93-116,1982.
• 6247, "A Device for Hot Callusing Graft
Unions of Fruit and Nut Trees," H. B.
Lagerstedt, Proceedings of the International
Plant Propagators Society, Volume 31, pages
151-159,1981.
• 6261, "Rootstocks for Pear," M. N. Westwood,
P. B. Lombard, Oregon State Horticultural
Society Proceedings, Volume 73, pages 64-79,
1982.
• 6265, "The Sandoz Filbert Selection," H. B.
Lagerstedt, Proceedings of Nut Growers Society of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia,
Volume 67, Pages 83-89,1982.
• 6299, "Annual Culture of Globe Artichoke
From Seed," J. R. Raggett, H. J. Mack, D.
Kean, HortScience, Volume 17, pages 766-768,
October 1982.
• 6303, "Breeding Primocane Fruiting Red
Raspberries for the Pacific Northwest," F. J.
Lawrence, Proceedings 24th Annual Lower
Mainland Horticultural Association, pages
91-94,1982.
• 6307, "The Effect of Potassium Soil Amend- ments, Trenching and Foliar Sprays on the
Mineral Content, Growth, Yield and Fruit
Quality of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) and
Prune (Prunus domestica L.)," S. Robbins, M.
H. Chaplin, A. R. Dixon, Communications in
Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Volume 13, pages 545-560, July 1982.
• 6308, "The Effects of Pressure Trunk Injec- tions of Potassium on the Mineral Content,
Growth, and Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry
(Prunus avium L.) and Mineral Content of
Prune (Prunus domestica L.)," S. Robbins, M.
H. Chaplin, A. R. Dixon, Communications in
Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Volume 13, pages 561-572, July 1982.
• 6311, "Three Promising Filbert Propagation
Techniques," H. B. Lagerstedt, Proceedings of
Nut Growers Society of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia, Volume 67, pages 58-66,
1982.
• 6340, "Breeding for Filbert Varieties Suitable for Shelling," Maxine M. Thompson, Proceed- ings of Nut Growers Society of Oregon,
Washington and British Columbia, Volume 67, pages 35-42,1982.
Microbiology
• 5394, "Persistent Infections of Salmonid Cell
Lines with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus
(IPNV): A Model for the Carrier State in Trout,"
R. P. Hedrick and J. L. Fryer, Fish Pathology,
Volume 16, Number 4, pages 163-172,1982.
• 5607, "Viral Diseases of Salmonid Fish in
Oregon," W. J. Groberg, Jr., R. P. Hedrick and
J. L. Fryer, Oregon State University Sea Grant
College Program No. ORESU-R-82-009, re- printed from Proceedings of the North Pacific
Aquaculture Symposium, 1980, pages 345-357,
1982.
• 5609, "Isolation and Characterization of a
New Reovirus from Chum Salmon," J. R.
Winton, C. N. Lannan, J. L. Fryer and T.
Kimura, Oregon State University Sea Grant
College Program No. ORESU-R-82-010, re- printed from Proceedings of the North Pacific
Aquaculture Symposium, 1980, pages 359-367,
1982.
• 5951, "Partial Purification and Characteriza- tion of Hemolysin from a Psychrotrophic
Kanagawa Positive Marine Vibrio," S. Peters,
J. A. Baross and R. Y. Morita, Applied and
Environmental Microbiology, Volume 43, pages
39-49,1982.
• 5976, "A Simple, Rapid Bioassay for Detect- ing Effects of Pollutants on Bacteria," N. J.
Bauer, R. J. Seidler and M. D. Knittel, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology,
Volume 27, pages 577-582,1981.
• 5982, "Enrichment of Auxotrophic Mutants in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using the Cell Wall
Inhibitor, Echinocandin B.," M. T. McCammon and L. W. Parks, Molecular and General Ge- netics, Volume 186, pages 295-297,1982.
• 5987, "Temperature Characteristics of
Psychrotrophic and Psychrophilic Bacteria,"
W. Reichardt and R. Y. Morita, Journal of
General Microbiology, Volume 128, 565-568,
1982.
• 5994, "Application of High Performance
Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Free
Sterols to the Screening of Yeast Sterol Mutants,"
R. J. Rodriguez and L. W. Parks, Analytical
Biochemistry, Volume 119, pages 200-204,
1982.
• 6007, "Aspects of Sterol Metabolism in Yeast
andPhytophthora,"L. W. Parks, C. McLean-
Bowen, C. K. Bottema, F. R. Taylor, R.
Gonzales, B. W. Jensen and J. L. Ramp, Lipids,
Volume 17, pages 187-196,1982.
• 6019, "The Long-Term Effects of Crude Oil on Microbial Processes in Subarctic Marine
Sediments," R. P. Griffiths, B. A. Caldwell, W.
A. Broich and R. Y. Morita, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Volume 15, pages 183-198,
1982.
• 6123, "Bvul: A Site-Specific Endonuclease
FromBocciHussufcti/is,"JonS. Beaty, Colleen
A. McLean-Bowen and Lyle R. Brown, Gene,
Volume 18, pages 61-67,1982.
• 6162, "Drug Resistant Bacteria in Drinking
Water," J. L. Armstrong, J. J. Calomiris, D. S.
Shigeno and R. J. Seidler, American Water
Works Association Water Quality Technology
Conference Proceedings Advances in Labora- tory Techniques for Quality Control, American
Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado, pages 263-276,1982.
• 6175, "Isolation and Characterization of
Edwardsiella tarda from Fall Chinook Salmon
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha),"K. Amadni, S.
F. Hiu, J. S. Rohovec and J. L. Fryer, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Volume 43,
Number 6, pages 1380-1384,1982.
• 6176, "Preliminary Assessment of LegioneZ/a
Occurrences in Water Treatment Procedures and Distribution Systems," D. L. Tison and R. J.
Seidler, American Water Works Association
Water Quality Technology Conference Proceed- ings Advances in Laboratory Techniques for
Quality Control, American Water Works
Association, Denver, Colorado, pages 117-124,
1982.
• 6204, "Starvation-Survival of Heterotrophs in the Marine Environment," R. Y. Morita,
Advances in Microbial Ecology, Volume 6, pages 171-198,1982.
• 6224, "Survival States of a Psychrotrophic
Cytophaga johnsonae Strain," W. Reichardt and R. Y. Morita, Canadian Journal of
Microbiology, Volume 28, pages 841-850,1982.
• 6235, "Serotypes of Yersinia ruckeri and Their
Immunogenic Properties," P. J. O'Leary, J. S.
Rohovec, J. E. Sanders and J. L. Fryer, Sea
Grant College Program Publications No.
ORESU-T-82-001, 15 pages, 1982.
• 6240, "The Long-Term Effect of Crude Oil on
Microbial Processes in Subarctic Sediments:
Studies on Sediment Amended with Organic
Nutrients," R. P. Griffiths, B. A. Caldwell, W.
A. Broich and R. Y. Morita, Marine Pollution
Bulletin, Volume 13, pages 273-278,1982.
• 6330, "A Requirement for Ergosterol to
Permit Growth of Yeast Sterol Auxotrophs on
Cholestanol," R. J. Rodriguez, F. R. Taylor and
L. W. Parks, Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communication, Volume 106, pages
435-441,1982.
• 6332, "Effect of Altered Sterol Composition on the Osmotic Behavior of Sphaeroplasts and
Mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, "C.
A. McLean-Bowen and L. W. Parks, Lipids,
Volume 17, pages 662-665,1982.
• 6348, "A Rapid Method for Labeling Rabbit
Immunoglobulin with Fluorescein for Use in
Detection of Fish Pathogens," C. R. Banner, J.
S. Rohovec and J. L. Fryer, Bulletin of the
European Association of Fish Pathologists,
Volume 2, pages 35-37,1982.
• 6366, "Vibrio vulniflcus Biogroup 2: A New
Biogroup Pathogenic for Eels," D. L. Tison, M.
Nishibuchi, J. D.Greenwood and R. J. Seidler,
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
Volume 44, pages 640-646,1982.
• 6391, "Field Observations of Methane
Concentrations and Methane Oxidation Rates in
Southeastern Bering Sea Water," R. P. Griffiths,
B. A. Caldwell, J. D. Cline, W. A. Broich and
R. Y. Morita, Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, Volume 44, pages 435-446,1982.
• 6397, "Seasonal Changes in Microbial Hetero- trophic Activity in Subarctic Waters as Related to Phytoplankton Production," R. P. Griffiths,
B. A. Caldwell and R. Y. Morita, Marine
Biology, Volume 71, pages 121-127,1982.
• 6404, "Lipid Synthesis in Inositolo-starved
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,"M. T. McCammon and L. W. Parks, Biochimica Biophysica Acta,
Volume 713, pages 86-93,1982.
• 6437, "The Selection of Antibiotic Resistant
Standard Plate Count Bacteria During Water
Treatment," J. L. Armstrong, J. J. Calomiris
21

and R. J. Seidler, Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, Volume 44, pages 308-316,1982.
• 6459, "5-Methylthioribose Kinase Activity in
Plants," M. M.Kushad, D. G. Richardson and
A. ]. Ferro, Biochemical Biophysical Research
Communication, Volume 108, pages 167-173,
1982.
• 6506, "Influence of Temperature Adaption on
Glucose Metabolism in a Psychrotrophic Strain of Cytophaga johnsonae," W. Reichardt and R.
Y. Morita, Applied and Environmental Micro- biology, Volume 44, pages 1282-1288,1982.
Mid-Columbia Experiment Station,
(Hood River)
• 5867, "Levels of Pectic Substances and
Calcium in Gibberellic Acid-treated Sweet
Cherry Fruit," T. J. Facteau, Journal of
American Society for Horticultural Science,
Volume 107, pages 148-151, January 1982.
• 5868, "Relationship of Soluble Solids,
Alcohol-insoluble Solids, Fruit Calcium, and
Pectin Levels to Firmness and Surface Pitting in 'Lambert' and 'Bing" Sweet Cherry Fruit,"
T. J. Facteau, Journal of American Society for
Horticultural Science, Volume 107, pages
151-154, January 1982.
• 5910, "Effect of Low Temperature on
Survival of Apple Buds Infected with the
Powdery Mildew Fungus," R. A. Spotts, R. P.
Covey and P. M. Chen, HortScience, Volume
16, pages 781-783, 1981.
• 5927, "Use of Surfactants with Chlorine to
Improve Pear Decay Control," R. A. Spotts and
B. B. Peters, Plant Disease, Volume 66, pages
725-727, August 1982.
• 5949, "In-line Application of Porous Wax
Coating Materials to Reduce Friction Discolor- ation of 'Bartlett' and 'd'Anjou' Pears," W. M.
Mellenthin, P. M. Chen and D. M. Borgic,
HortScience, Volume 17, pages 215-217, April
1982.
• 6179, "Differences in Biochemical Composi- tion Between 'Beurre d'Anjou' and 'Bosc' Pears during Fruit Development and Storage," P. M.
Chen, D. G. Richardson and W. M. Mellenthin,
Journal of American Society for Horticultural
Science, Volume 107, pages 807-812, September
1982.
Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory
• 5918, "Identification and Characterization of
Plasmids in Hydrogen Uptake Positive and
Hydrogen Uptake Negative Strains of Rhizobium
iaponicum,"M. A. Cantrell, R. E. Hickok, H. J.
Evans, Archives of Microbiology, Volume 131, pages 102-106,1982.
• 5924, "D-Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate
Carboxylase/Oxygenase from Chemolithotro- phically-grown Rhizobium japonicum and
Inhibition by D-4-phosphoerythronate,"
K. Purohit, R. R. Becker, H. J. Evans,
Biochimica Biophysica Acta, Volume 715, pages 230-239,1982.
• 5942, "Carriers in the Electron Transport from Molecular Hydrogen to Oxygen in
Rhizobium japonicum Bacteroids," G. Eisbren- ner, H. J. Evans, Journal of Bacteriology,
Volume 149, pages I005-I0I2,1982.
• 6218, "Cytochrome Patterns in Rhizobium
japonicum Cells Grown Under Chemolitho- trophic Conditions," G. Eisbrenner, R. E.
Hickok, H. J. Evans, Archives of Microbiology,
Volume 132, pages 230-235,1982.
• 6358, "Respiratory and Nitrogenase Activities of Soybean Nodules Formed by Hydrogen
Uptake Negative (Hup-) and Revertant Strains
of Rhizobium japonicum Characterized by
Protein Patterns," J. J. Drevon, L. Frazier, S. A.
Russell and H. J. Evans, Plant Physiology,
Volume 70, pages 1341-1346,1982.
North Willamette Experiment Station,
(Aurora)
• 5796, "Effects of Mechanical Harvest and
Defoliation on Subsequent Performance of
Three Strawberry Cultivars," P. J. Pelofske,
Lloyd W. Martin, HortScience, Volume 17,
Number 2, pages 211-212,1982.
• 5824, "Phosphoric Acid Anticrustant Im- proves Seedling Emergence and Phosphorus
Content," D. D. Hemphill, Jr., Journal of
American Society for Horticulural Science,
Volume 107, Number 1, pages 50-53,1982.
• 6004, "Effects of Transplanting, Imbibition, and Gel on Stands and Harvest Variability of
Lettuce," D. D. Hemphill, Jr., HortScience,
Volume 17, Number 2, pages 256-257,1982.
• 6006, "Anticrustant Effect on Soil Mechanical
Resistance and Seedling Emergence," D. D.
Hemphill, Jr., HortScience, Volume 17, Num- ber 3, pags 391-393,1982.
• 6180, "Effect of Soil Acidity and Nitrogen on
Yield and Elemental Concentration of Bush
Bean, Carrot, and Lettuce," D. D. Hemphill,
Jr., T. L. Jackson, Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, Volume 107, Number
5, pages 740-744,1982.
Poultry Science
• 5840, "Effect of Mount St. Helens' Volcanic
Ash on Broiler Performance and Health and on
House Environment," H. S. Nakaue, M. L.
Pierson and D. H. Heifer, Poultry Science,
Volume 61, pages 693-698, April 1982.
• 5843, "Effect of Inorganic Matter (Granite
Grit) on Endogenous Energy and True Metaboliz- able Energy Value," S. F. Bilgili, M. P. Goeger and G. H. Arscott, Poultry Science, Volume 61, pages 14I7-I4I8, July 1982, Abstract.
• 5917, "Effects of Cage or Floor Housing on
Reproductive Performance of Broiler Breeder
Males," J. A. Renden and M. L. Pierson, Poultry
Science, Volume 61, pages 244-249, February
1982.
• 5925, "Long Term Reproductive Performance of Broiler Breeder Males Selected for Semen
Production," J. A. Renden and M. L. Pierson,
Poultry Science, Volume 61, pages 1214-1217,
June 1982.
• 5926, "Production of Hatching Eggs by Dwarf
Broiler Breeders Maintained in Cages or in Floor
Pens," J. A. Renden and M. L. Pierson, Poultry
Science, Volume 61, pages 991-993, May 1982.
• 6125, "The Comparative Feeding Value of
Corn and Wheat With and Without An Enzyme
Supplement in Turkey Breeder Rations," J. A.
Harper, G. H. Arscott, W. B. Roush and M. P.
Goeger, Poultry Science, Volume 61, pages
1183-1187, June 1982.
• 6153, "The Relationship of Semen and
Ejaculation Characteristics in Caged Broiler
Breeder Males," J. A. Renden, M. P. Goeger,
Poultry Science, Volume 61, page 1392, July
1982, Southern Poultry Science Society Proceed- ings, Abstract.
• 6158, "Growth and Reproductive Response to
Divergent Selection for Mature Body Weight in
Dwarf White Leghorns," F. H. Benoff, J. A.
Renden, Poultry Science, page 1369, July 1982,
Southern Poultry Science Society Proceedings,
Abstract.
• 6177, "The Effect of Initial Fasting Period on
Cut Clearance and on Endogenous Energy
Outputs of Adult Roosters," S. F. Bilgili, G. H.
Arscott, Nutrition Reports International, Vol- ume 25, pages 613-619,1982.
22
• 6217, "True Metabolizable Energy Value of
Hydrolyzed Pacific Whiting (Merluccius pro-
ductus) as Determined with Gelatin Capsules in
Roosters," S. F. Bilgili, G. H. Arscott, R. O.
Kellems, Nutrition Reports International, Vol- ume 25, pages 639-642,1982.
• 6259, "Enzyme Levels and Clearance Times in Relation to Exercise and Onset of Deep
Pectoral Myopathy," L. L. Thompson-Cowley,
M. J. Tripp, J. A. Harper, Proceedings 31st
Western Poultry Disease Conference, University of California, Davis, California, pages 67-69,
February 24-26,1982.
• 6316, "Histological Effects of Different
Organs from Dwarf S. C. White Leghorn Males
Fed Gossypol," Olajumoke Akanbi, H. S.
Nakaue, G. H. Arscott, D. H. Heifer, Poultry
Science, Volume 61, page 1405, July 1982,
Abstract.
• 6317, "Effect of Feed Restriction on the
Reproductive Performance of Caged Dwarf
Broiler Breeder Hens," R. E. Buckner, J. A.
Renden, J. A. Harper, Poultry Science, Volume
61, page 1427, July 1982, Abstract.
• 6318, "Length of Exposure—Histological
Effects on Lungs and Broiler Performance and
House Environment with Mt. St. Helens'
Volcanic Ash Dust," M. C. Bland, M. P.
Goeger, D. H. Heifer, Poultry Science, Volume
61, page 1420, July 1982, Abstract.
• 6320, "Turkey Erthyrocyte Membrane Fatty
Acids," L. L. Thompson-Cowley, M. J. Tripp,
J. A. Harper, Poultry Science, Volume 61, pages
1555-1556, July 1982, Abstract.
• 6321, "Feed and Light Restriction Studies with Broilers," H. S. Nakaue, Poultry Science,
Volume 61, page 1518, July 1982, Abstract.
• 6322, "Effects of the Sex-Linked Dwarf Gene
(dw) on Growth and Reproduction in White
Leghorn Hen. I. Pure Line and Reciprocal
Crosses Fed Two Diets," J. Sadjadi, F. H.
Benoff, J. A. Renden, J. A. Harper, Poultry
Science, Volume 61, page 1535, July 1982,
Abstract.
• 6323, "Effects of the Blue Eggshell Gene on
Egg Quality and Other Economic Traits in the
Chickens," M. Sadjadi, J. A. Renden, F. H.
Benoff, J. A. Harper, Poultry Science, Volume
61, page 1535, July 1982, Abstract.
• 6336, "The Effect of High Fiber Diets on
Growth and Carcass Composition in Selected
Broiler Strains and/or Strain Crosses," A.G.
Hollister, H. S. Nakaue, Poultry Science,
Volume 61, page 1480, July 1982, Abstract.
Rangeland Resources
• 5400, "Cattle Diets in the Blue Mountains of
Oregon, II. Forests," Jerry L. Holechek, Martin
Vavra, Jon Skovlin and William C. Krueger,
Journal of Range Management, Volume 35, pages 239-243, March 1982.
• 5402, "Cattle Diets in the Blue Mountains of
Oregon, I. Grasslands," Jerry L. Holechek,
Martin Vavra, Jon Skovlin and William C.
Krueger, Journal of Range Management, Vol- ume 35, pages 109-113, January 1982.
• 5565, "Cattle Grazing Influence on a
Mountain Riparian Zone," Leonard Roy Roath and William C. Krueger, Journal of Range
Management, Volume 35, pages 100-104,
January 1982.
• 5566, "Cattle Grazing and Behavior on a
Forested Range," Leonard Roy Roath and
William C. Krueger, Journal of Range
Management, Volume 35, pages 332-339, May
1982
• 5681, "Flushing Ewes on Chemically Cured
Hill Pastures," D. L. Tart and S. H. Sharrow,

Journal of Range Management, Volume 35, pages 498-500, July 1982.
• 5692, "Sheep as a Biological Control Agent for
Tansy Ragwort," Steven H. Sharrow and Wayne
D. Mosher, Journal of Range Management,
Volume 35, pages 480-483, July 1982.
• 5832, "Impacts of a Late Season Grazing
Scheme on Nongame Wildlife in a Wallowa
Mountain Riparian Ecosystem," J. Boone
Kauffman, William C. Krueger and Martin
Vavra, Symposium, Wildlife-Livestock Relation- ships, University of Idaho, Moscow, pages
208-221, April 20-21,1981,1982.
• 5833, "Potential Sediment Production Within
Various Vegetative Communities Found in the
Blue Mountains of Oregon," J. C. Buckhouse and R. E. Caither, Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation, Volume 37, pages 120-122, April
1982.
Soil Science
• 5164, "Perched Water Tables on Hillsides in
Western Oregon: I. Some Factors Affecting
Their Development and Longevity," D. P.
Hammermeister, G. F. Klingand J. A.Vomocil,
Soil Science Society of America Journal, Volume
46, pages 811-818,1982.
• 5166, "Perched Water Tables on Hillsides in
Western Oregon: II. Preferential Downslope
Movement of Water and Anions," D. P.Ham- mermeister, C. F. Klingand J. A. Vomocil, Soil
Science Society of America Journal, Volume 46, pages 819-826,1982.
• 5487, "Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen in Soil,"
J. L. Young and R. W. Aldag, Chapter 2 in
Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils, Agronomy Mono- graph No. 22, pages 43-66,1982.
• 5613, "Clay Soil Structure Related to Soil
Management," B. P. Warkentin, Tropical
Agriculture, Volume 59, pages 82-91,1982.
• 5727, "s-Triazine Solubility in Chloride Salt
Solutions," John D. Gaynor and V. V. Volk,
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Volume 29, pages 1143-1146,1981.
• 5752, "Agricultural Erosion Indicated by
1I7
Cs Redistribution. I. Levels and Distribution of
,37
Cs Activity in Soils," R. B. Brown, N. H.
Cutshall and G. F. Kling, Soil Science Society of
America Journal, Volume 45, pages 1184-1190,
1981.
• 5753, "Agricultural Erosion Indicated by l3,
Cs Redistribution. II. Estimates of Erosion
Rates," R. B. Brown, G. F. Kling and N. H.
Cutshall, Soil Science Society of America
Journal, Volume 45, pages II9I-1197,1981.
• 5791, "The Determination of Hot-Water-
Soluble Boron in Some Acid Oregon Soils Using a
Modified Azomethine-H Procedure," D. R.Parker and E. H. Gardner, Communications in Soil
Science and Plant Analysis, Volume 12, pages
1311-1322,1981.
• 5801, "Sweet Corn Growth on Incinerated
Sewage Sludge-Amended Soil," M. E. Mellbye,
D. D. Hemphill, Jr. and V. V. Volk, Journal of
Environmental Quality, Volume 11, pages
160-163,1982.
• 5808, "Effects of Lime, P, and Mo Applica- tion on Mo Concentration in Subclover," S. E.
Petrie and T. L. Jackson, Agronomy Journal,
Volume 74, pages 1077-1080,1982.
• 5853, "Factors Affecting the Mobility and
Plant Availability of Boron in Some Western
Oregon Soils," D. R. Parker and E. H. Gardner,
Soil Science Society of America Journal, Volume
46, pages 573-578,1982.
• 5885, "Importance of Soil Clay Minerals to
Physical Properties of Soils," B. P. Warkentin,
12th Congress of the International Society of Soil
Science, New Delhi, India, Transactions,
Volume 5, pages 394-403,1982.
• 5893, "Sweet Com Response to Application of
Three Sewage Sludges," D. D. Hemphill, Jr., T.
L. Jackson, L. W. Martin, G. L. Kiemnec, D.
Hanson and V. V. Volk, Journal of Environmen- tal Quality, Volume 11, pages 191-196,1982.
• 5904, "Overland Flow from Sloping Land:
Effects of Perched Water Tables and Subsurface
Drains," B. Lowery, G. F. Kling and J. A.
Vomocil, Soil Science Society of America
Journal, Volume 46, pages 93-99,1982.
• 5966, "Plant and Soil Reactions to Nickel Ore
Processed Tailing," P. J. Sheets, V. V. Volk and
E. H. Gardner, Journal of Environmental
Quality, Volume 11, pages 446-451,1982.
• 6131, "Alteration of Andesite in West
Unstable Soils of Oregon's Western Cascades," J.
Reed Glasmann, Clays and Clay Minerals,
Volume 30, pages 253-263,1982.
• 6150, "Influence of Soil Moisture on Smectite
Formation in Soils Derived from Serpentinite,"
J. D. Istok and M. E. Harward, Soil Science
Society of America Journal, Volume 46, pages
1106-1108,1982.
• 6156, "Relationship of the Nature of Sus- pended Clay Minerals to Hydrologic Conditions,"
David Laird and M. E. Harward, Journal of
Environmental Quality, Volume 11, pages
433-436,1982.
• 6180, "Effect of Soil Acidity and Nitrogen on
Yield and Elemental Concentration of Bush
Bean, Carrot and Lettuce," Delbert D. Hemphill,
Jr. and Thomas L. Jackson, Journal of the
America Society for Horticultural Science,
Volume 107, pages 740-744,1982.
• 6215, "Evaluating N Fertilizer Sources and
Tuning for Winter Wheat," N. W. Christensen and V. W. Meints, Agronomy Journal, Volume
74, pages 840-844,1982.
• 6280, "Table Beet Yield and Boron
Deficiency as Influenced by Lime, Nitrogen, and Boron," Delbert D. Hemphill, Jr., Michael
S. Weber and Thomas L. Jackson, Soil Science
Society of America Journal, Volume 46, pages
1190-1192,1982.
• 6379, "Suppression of Take-All Root Rot and
Stripe Rust Disease of Wheat With Chloride
Fertilizers," N. W. Christensen, T. L. Jackson and R. L. Powelson, Proceedings of the 9th
International Plant Nutrition Colloquium,
Warwick University, England, Volume 1, pages
111-116,1982.
• 6423, "Transport of Water and Solutes in
Soils," L. Boersma, M. J. Ungs and E. L.
McCoy, Proceedings of 10th IMACS World
Congress on Systems Simulation and Scientific
Computation, Montreal, Canada, International
Association for Mathematics and Computers in
Simulation, Volume 2, pages 280-282,1982.
School of Veterinary Medicine
•6188 "Influence of Physical Exercise on
Plasma Creatine Phospholdnase Activity in
Normal and Dystrophic Turkeys and Sheep,"
M. J. Tripp and J. A. Schmitz, American
Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 43,
Number 12, pages 220-223, December 1982.
23

Lois McGill's career has been bittersweet.
It's also been spicy, bland, weak, strong, rich, sour—about what you'd expect for someone who has, for more than 30. years, directed a facility where people judge how food tastes.
"I can tell you one thing I've learned.
There is no such thing as a taste panel expert," said the food scientist, who plans to retire in June as director of the OSU
Flavorium.
"Taste is determined by heredity and a person's background and interests," she said.
"You often find that people with a keen sense of taste are not good on a taste panel.
They dislike more foods and their prefer- ences usually do not reflect die general public's.
"People who like food too much aren't much good either," she added. "They tend to be gluttons and like anything we serve.
That's not what we're after. Just your average-type person is best, usually."
The OSU Flavorium, in Wiegand Hall with the food science department, consists of a kitchen where food is prepared and a row of small tasting booths. Food is passed through portals in one wall of the kitchen into the booths, each containing a counter- top, chair and drinking fountain for clean- ing the palate between bites or sips.
People McGill recruits for taste tests are asked to sit one to a booth, sometimes un- der an eerie reddish light that masks food color, and chomp into their assignment—be it steak, ice cream or lima beans.
The panels range from 10 to 100 people.
Most are made up of OSU faculty members and students.
"Usually," McGill said, "we just get on the building intercom and say people are invited to taste, oh, whatever, say vegeta- ble beef soup, in the Flavorium. The re- sponse depends on the product."
What's popular?
"Any type of meat brings them in," she said. "Sweets, entrees like stroganoff and chicken a la king, ice cream, pie fillings.
It's generally more difficult to raise a panel for tasting vegetables."
Some tests can be downright distasteful.
"I remember they weren't exactly beat- ing down the door last fall when we were doing tests on the shelf life of fresh fish fillets," she said.
McGill has directed the flavorium since it opened in 1952. She and her staff have helped industrial and OSU researchers
Lena McGill evaluate many of the food products that have appeared in America's grocery stores over the last three decades.
"We've taste tested everything from new varieties of fruits and vegetables developed by the Experiment Station to new frozen and canned products, low-sodium pickles, reconstituted beefsteak, even beer flavored with different hops," she said.
"When we opened in 1952, the only other flavorium on the West Coast was at the
University of California at Davis, and none of the food companies had tasting facilities.
Now more universities and all the major food companies have them. The companies like to evaluate their experimental prod- ucts so they can keep them secret. Most of our work with industry these days involves evaluating ideas for improving the flavor of existing products."
McGill is proud of the flavorium's contri- butions to OSU, the food industry and consumers.
"After World War II the new products really started coming," she said. "I remem- ber we did some of the early taste tests on frozen vegetable combinations. The frozen vegetables used to always be in an end of an old ice cream freezer in the stores. Look at what we have today. It's very satisfying to know that our studies helped contribute to the development of better food products.
People have to eat to survive."
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