ITU-T
System Architecture for IP-based
Seamless and Ubiquitous Networks
Shiro Sakata
NEC Laboratories
sakata@cd.jp.nec.com
31.05.20169-10 July 2003
Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?
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1. Network and IT Market Trend
ITU-T
2. System Architecture for Ubiquitous Services
- Ubiquitous Platform -
3. Application to Wireless & Mobile Networks
4. Application to Photonic & Broadband
Networks
5. Standardization Issues
6. Conclusions
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Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?
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1. Network and IT Market Trend
ITU-T
- Value shifts from core to user, network to services
- New business opportunities with network and service
integration caused by deregulation
・Unbundling network resources & functions and then on-demand rebundling
them in a multi-carrier environment
- Emerging ‘Dynamic Collaboration’ in enterprise systems
through the integration of IT and network technologies
- Versatile service support in a ubiquitous network
environment
・Requirement for adaptation to a wide variety of networks and
terminals
・Networks: Wired broadband and wireless networks (wireless LAN,
cellular network, adhoc personal area network, sensor
network)
Terminals: PC, digital home appliances/digital TV/home server, PDA,
cellular phone, wearable terminal, embedded car terminal
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Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?
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Potential New Business Model by Network Unbundling & Rebundling
ITU-T
Interoperability between different
operators and dynamic network
resource allocation
Networks dedicated to individual
operators and user services
Operators B
- NW resource virtualization
and brokerage
- Service continuity and
portability
- NW security and e.g, Virtual Network Operator（VNO)
traceability
Storage service
Web service
- Policy management
logical NW
logical NW
.....….
Content delivery
logical NW
Operators A
Other ubiquitous
Service logical NW
Unbundling
Operator B
Operators C
Operator A
Traditional Network
（Bundled network resources）
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Operator C
Future Network
（Resource rebundling adapted to individual services）
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ITU-T
Business activities in which an enterprise enhances its
own core competence and reacts dynamically to drastic
changes through the flexible collaboration with partners
Development
partner
Next Generation
Management Style
Self-support of
all functions
Enterprise A
Joint productization,
Technology sharing
Joint
productization
Core competence
Outsourcing
（R&D，Planning, Production）
Realtime info. sharing,
Inventory management
Logistics
partner
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Customers
Business function
outsourcing
Realtime Info. sharing
Order management
Sales partner
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Dynamic Collaboration through IT and NW Integration
- Multivendor Support for Customer System -
ITU-T
- 24 hours, 365 days system support and on-demand bandwidth utilization
- Remote conference system with tele-existence/virtual reality capability
Head
office
IP
Network
Call
Center
Distributed &
Collaborative AP
DB
From overseas
VoIP
Customer
Window
Web
Support
Center
WEB
I/F
Maintenance
Center
Alliance partner
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Customer
Remote maintenance
VLAN: Virtual LAN
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Ubiquitous Services over Versatile Networks & Terminals
ITU-T
Electronic Ticketing
Content Delivery
Location/Presence Info. Service
Ubiquitous
Services
Home Control and Security (*)
‥‥
Bidirectional Communication (*)
Storage Service
Versatile networks
Servers
Terminals
FTTH
Wired
LAN
ADSL
Wearable Terminal
Home appliance
IMT‐2000
MAN(Wide area Ether)
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PDA
Laptop PC
Core
Network
Wireless
LAN
Cellular phone
Digital TV
Home server
Sensors
Wireless
LAN
Car terminal
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Bidirectional Communication
On the move
ITU-T
Public
Wireless LAN
Office
Office User
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Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?
Home User
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Home Control and Security
o Robot-type Home server
•
ITU-T
User controls robot from outside through the
Internet
• The robot controls home appliances with
IrDA, RFID, etc.
• The robot automatically acts in accordance
with user’s presence
Light
HDTV and HD
Video recorder
Example:
On the travel or on the way back home
- Confirmation of door locking
- Monitoring and taking care of pets,
gardens, etc.
- Automatic video recording
- Warming bath when approaching the
home
- Automatic switching-on of lights when
approaching the home
Maid robot
Door lock and
door phone
Feeding
Internet
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Warming bath
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2. System Architecture for Ubiquitous Services
[Network Technology Trend]
ITU-T
- Increasing requirements for guaranteed multimedia services in
transition to all IP networks
・Video streaming by CDN (Content Delivery Network), IP phone,
Digital broadcast (data broadcast), etc.
- Higher-flexible and lower-cost enterprise systems
・VPN(IP, SSL), wide area Ethernet
- Requirements for ‘Robust & Secure’ open mission critical system
emerging into distributed wide-area business environment
- Emerging wireless LAN and interworking with 3G cellular and
other networks for supporting versatile ubiquitous services
- ‘Context Awareness’ is a key term in ubiquitous services
・context includes user’s situation such as location, presence, preferences,
various sensed data, etc.
- Requirements for VoIP as a short-term killer application
・End-to-End QoS, e.g. small delay, low jitter, guaranteed bandwidth
・Context transfer for network-network roaming
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[Design Principles]
ITU-T
1. From best-effort to high-quality support in response to individual
service requirements
2. Seamless service continuity in mobile and muti-network/carrier
environments
3. End-to-end enhanced robustness and security in an open network
environment
Ubiquitous platform
as middleware
- enabling on-demand network resource allocation between
different operators
- providing robust & secure capability adapted to individual
services
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Ubiquitous Platform
(1) Application-Network Collaboration
ITU-T
- Dynamic network resource management and allocation as requested
by individual applications
・Load balancing and dynamic routing control
・Common API(Application Programming Interface) for accepting application requests and network control interface for network resource
management
(2) Network-Network Collaboration
- Seamless interoperability between different operators
・Roaming: service portability, common authentication (single sign-on), etc.
・Media handover: low latency handover, audio & video quality assurance
- End-to-end network control
・GMPLS/ASON, NNI/UNI
(3) Network Traceability
- End-to-end traceability
・Enhancing robustness against cyber attacks and system faults through
TCP session management
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Ubiquitous Platform
Location/Presence Info. Service
Electronic Ticketing
ITU-T
Ubiquitous
Services
Home Control and Security
‥‥
Content Delivery
Bidirectional Communication
Storage Service
(1) Application-Network Collab.
API
Server
Network node
(Router, Switch, etc.)
Ubiquitous Platform
NCI
(Network
Control I/F)
Versatile networks
Servers
Terminals
FTTH
Wired
LAN
Core
(2) Network-Network Collab.
Network
ADSL
IMT‐2000
Wireless
LAN
MAN(Wide area Ether)
Wireless
LAN
(3) Network Traceability
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Terminal
Cellular phone
PDA
Laptop PC
Wearable Terminal
Home appliance
Digital TV
Home server
Sensors
Car terminal
:
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(1) Application-Network Collaboration
ITU-T Background:
- Requirements for user service flexibility such as
on-demand network resource control, e.g. bandwidth,
session path, etc., have been increasing.
Required technologies:
- Enabling user service to submit requirements to network in
a heterogeneous operator environment
- Easing of tight coupling between a user service and the
network control functions provided by the network
operator
・Facilitating load balancing regardless of user service location
・Optimizing the network resource selection and allocation adapted
to user requirements
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(1) Application-Network Collaboration
Allowing to select best-effort or guarantee on-demand for each service
ITU-T
Servers
Internet
connection
Terminals
VoIP
CDN
VPN
．．．
API
Mobile
phone
/PDA
PC/Home
appliance
Sensor
Ubiquitous
Platform
Service requirements
Virtualization of network resource management to services
Instruction to networks regarding resource allocation
Router with ubiquitous platform
Wide-area
SONET
Ether
FTTH
Networks
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Conventional router
ADSL
PDC IMT2000
–
Wireless –
–
LAN
–
Existing operators
New common carriers
Mobile carriers
．．．
NCI (Network Control Interface)
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(2) Network-Network Collaboration
ITU-T Background:
- Service portability and continuity, e.g., providing seamless
roaming and handover in a wireless environment, will be
achievable through the operator-to-operator collaboration
Required technologies:
- Network resource management for each session
・Handover while holding network resources in an end-to-end
session without content quality degradation
- High-speed network switching through context transfer
・Exchanging network and service attribute information including
user authentication information between different operators
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(2) Network-Network Collaboration
～ Assuring Service Portability and Media Handover ～
② Confirmation of
Service Continuity
ITU-T
（Access rights, Resource, etc.）
① Acquisition of Access
Network A’s Attribute
・Bandwidth
・AV coding
・Authentication
・Security level
etc.
Operator A
Dual-mode
phone
e.g., Wireless
LAN
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③ Context (Session Info.)
Transfer
Negotiation
Roaming in
Transport Level
④ Resource Allocation
Operator B
⑤ Restart based on
Access Network A’s
Attribute in Access
Network B
e.g., 3G Cellular
Move
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Transition from Unbundling to Rebundling
of Network Resources
ITU-T
Operator A
resources
Operator X
….
+
resources
Unbundle
Resources are bundled
API
NCI
decomposed
For service B
Rebundle for each service
For service Y
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with resource negotiation/brokerage,
and resource management
virtualization to services
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(3) Network Traceability
ITU-T
Background:
- IP packet level monitoring has been becoming impossible
because of explosive traffic increase. TCP session level,
for example, monitoring is expected to enhance the security
in terms of traceability of attack sources, i.e. to facilitate
the attack source identification.
Required technologies:
- One of the possible solutions: Segmentation of an end-toend TCP session into multiple TCP sessions and traffic
monitoring and access control at concatenation points.
- Session access control at concatenation points enables the
protection from cyber attacks including DoS(Denial of
Service) attacks before such attacks reach the end user
node.
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(3) Network Traceability
ITU-T
- Quick Trace and Identification of Source of Attacks or Faults
・Traffic monitoring and tracing TCP session by session, not IP packetwise
- Shut-out of Attack or Fault-caused Traffic assuring Service
Survivability
Session
Admission
Control
Quick Trace and
Identification of Source of
Attacks or Faults
TCP Relay Network
Connection
Setup
IDC
IDC
Attacker
Unsuccessful
Connection
in case of Fraud IP
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Session concatenation
point
Attacker
Unknown Intrusion
Pattern Detection
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3. Application to Wireless & Mobile Networks
All IP Architecture (3GPP)
ITU-T
Circuit-switched
Communication
CS Domain
Mobile
Switch
Server
Wireless
Access
(Cellular,
Wireless LAN)
GW Switch
Server
MGW
Mobile
Packet
Server
（SGSN)
MGW
IP
backbone
GW Packet
Server
（GGSN)
ISDN
/PSDN
Data
Communication
Internet
PS Domain
IMS
(IP Multimedia
Subsystem)
HSS
(HLR+AAA)
SIP
Server
MGW
Controller
Signaling
GW
Application Server
CS: Circuit Switched
PS: Packet switched
Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?
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Integration of 3G and Wireless LAN
ITU-T
Communication area,
Mobility, Portability
High speed,
High quality
3G
Content
Provider
ISP
Internet
Access
Enterprise
Network
VPN
Wireless LAN
ASPs
Content
Delivery
User info.,
Authentication,
Accounting
Internet
3G
Service area
Hotel
Station
Cafe
Airport
Public
Space
：Hotspot
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Integration Scenarios discussed in 3GPP
Feasible solutions in mid-term
ITU-T
・Scenario 1： Common Billing and Customer Care
・Scenario 2： 3GPP system based Access Control
and Charging
・Scenario 3： Access to 3GPP system PS based services
・Scenario 4： Service Continuity
・Scenario 5： Seamless Services
・Scenario 6： Access to 3GPP CS Services
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3G - WLAN Interworking Scenarios
ITU-T
1
- Security level of 3G and WLAN are independent
- No new requirements on 3G spec.
2
- AAA are provided by 3G system, e.g. EAP (EAP-AKA for GPRS/USIM and
3
- Operators grants access to 3G PS based services through WLAN
- Service continuity between 3G and WLAN is not required
- IMS based/location based/instant messaging/presence based services
4
- Handover for specific services
- Change of service quality in mobility across 3G and WLAN
- Both service continuities between 3G & WLAN and WLANs
5
EAP-SIM for GSM/SIM) is used for authenticating user by 3G server
- Reuse 3G access control and charging principles (HSS/HLR, etc.) for the
benefit of 3G system operators and users
- Seamless service continuity and handover
- Non-real-time services: Mobile IP
- Real-time services: Fast Mobile IP protocols, Context Transfer protocol,
Access Router discovery schemes
6
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- Grant access to 3G CS based services through CSed WLAN access
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Wireless LAN Solution Example
ITU-T
(1) Plug & Service
- On-site real-time service download to mobile terminal
- Service description/registration/retrieval/discovery/creation
(2) Seamless Roaming
- Service roaming achieving WLAN(Hotspot)-WLAN or
WLAN-3G service continuity and eventual fast handover
- Authentication roaming achieving single sign-on in a
multi-network (WLANs and 3G) environment
(3) Privacy Protection
- Utilization of user profile information for personalized
services
- Privacy information description/negotiation/protection
based on W3C P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences)
WLAN: Wireless LAN
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Public Wireless LAN Solution Image
ITU-T
dualmode
3G
service area
Service
Providers
Content
Server
IP Network
Wireless LAN
Mobile
Terminal
Laptop PC,
PDA, etc.
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Application
Server
Access
Point
Local
Server
Hotspot
(Station, Airport, Train,
Hotel, Restaurant, Café,
etc.)
including
local content
：
ISP
Server
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Middleware Architecture for
Wireless LAN Solution
ITU-T
Local Server
(Access Point)
Mobile Terminal
Remote Server
(Applications
& Content)
Applications
Applications
& Content
API
- Plug &
Service
Middleware - Seamless
Roaming
- Plug &
Service
Protocols
- Privacy
Protection
- Seamless
Roaming
- Plug &
Service
Protocols
- Privacy
Protection
- Seamless
Roaming
- Privacy
Protection
NCI
IP
OS &
Devices
CSMA/CA
(IEEE802.11)
Wireless LAN
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OS &
Devices
IP
3G,
ADSL/FTTH
OS &
Devices
IP Network
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4. Application to Photonic & Broadband Networks
o
ITU-T
o
Network/Transport functions need to be seamlessly controlled from
services such as bandwidth on demand and VPN
ASON plays an important role for dynamic network resource assignment
Service Support
Bandwidth on Demand, VPN
Network Design Support
Network Design/Optimization, Full Turnkey Service, Customization
Operation Support
Rapid Provisioning, Multi-Vendor Interoperability
Other
Network
Function
ASON Networking Software (NMS, EMS, NNI, GMPLS, UNI, NE Software, etc)
Integrated
Protection
Management
Service
Distribution
Ethernet
Transport
Service
QoS
SLA
Plug &
Play
MultiService
Transport
Wavelength
Transport
Service
Core Network
ASON: Automatic Switched Optical Network
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5. Standardization Issues
OIF
ITU-T
- Content caching, content adaptation (CDN)
- Network control interface
- SIP, Presence service (SIMPLE)
- Wireless-profiled TCP
- Security (AAA, PANA)
- Mobile IP
- GMPLS
ITU
IETF
OMA
3GPP/
3GPP2
IEEE802.11
Digital broadcast
ATSC
(US)
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ARIB
(Japan)
DVB
(Europe)
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W3C
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6. Conclusions
ITU-T
- Deregulation-caused potential new business opportunities
・On-demand network resource control for individual services
- ‘Dynamic Collaboration’ for future enterprise environment
- Support for wireless network-involved ubiquitous services
- End-to-end robust and secure capability enhancements
Ubiquitous Platform
All IP network
- Wireless LAN - 3G
- GMPLS optical network
：
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